Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Application |
ApplicationNoun1. A verbal or written request for assistance or employment or admission to a school; "December 31 is the deadline for applications". 2. The act of bringing something to bear; using it for a particular purpose; "he advocated the application of statistics to the problem"; "a novel application of electronics to medical diagnosis. 3. A program that gives a computer instructions that provide the user with tools to accomplish a task; "he has tried several different word processing applications". 4. The work of applying something; "the doctor prescribed a topical application of iodine"; "a complete bleach requires several applications"; "the surface was ready for a coating of paint";. 5. Liquid preparation having a soothing or antiseptic or medicinal action when applied to the skin; "a lotion for dry skin". 6. A diligent effort; "it is a job requiring serious application". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "application" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1258. (references) |
Etymology: Application \Ap`pli*ca"tion\, noun. [Latin expression applicatio, from applicare: compare to the French expression application. See Apply.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | Application 1. application program. 2. function application. Source: The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing. |
Education | The act of fixing one's mind attentively. Source: European Union. (references) |
Energy | Application means any request for certification of any site andrelated facility filed in accordance with the proceduresestablished pursuant to this division. An applicant for ageothermal powerplant and related facilities may propose morethan one site and related geothermal facilities in the sameapplication. (references) |
Federal Student Aid | 1) The use of a technology, system, or product.2) A shorter form of application program.An application program is a program designed to perform a specific business function directly for the user or, in some cases, for another application program.Examples of applications include word processors, database programs, Web browsers, development tools, drawing, paint, and image editing programs, and communication programs. (references) |
Insurance | A written statement by a prospective policyholder which gives the information which the company relies upon when insuring him. Source: European Union. (references) |
Labor | An appeal, request or petition. Source: European Union. (references) |
Medicine | The application or introduction of a medicament or therapeutic substance to a patient; Thus, oral, rectal, parenteral, intraveneous or intramuscular administration. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A computer application (or sometimes app for short) is a computer program, or collection of programs, designed to provide some functionality to the end user. Typical examples of such programs are word processors, spreadsheets, accounting programs and media players.
Multiple applications bundled together are sometimes referred to as an application suite. Microsoft Office, which bundles together a word processor, spreadsheet and several other applications, is a typical example.
The term application can be used to distinguish this type of program from the other main grouping of software called system software which is software concerned with managing or utilizing aspects of the computer system itself such as operating systems, device drivers, and compilers.
See also: Web application, Database applications
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Application."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The application layer is the seventh level of the seven level OSI model. It interfaces directly to and performs common application services for the application processes; it also issues requests to the presentation layer.
The common application layer services provide semantic conversion between associated application processes. Note: Examples of common application services of general interest include the virtual file, virtual terminal, and job transfer and manipulation protocols.
Examples
- HTTP
- SMTP
- SNMP
- FTP
- Telnet
- FTAM
- APPC
- X.400
- X.500
- Appletalk
- AFP
- Directory Access Protocol (DAP)
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Application layer."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A '''computer program tells a computer what to do. It is a sequence of instructions to be executed in order. A computer program consists of a set of instructions that the computer understands.
A computer without a program does absolutely nothing.
The instructions in a computer program are in machine code; they are usually originally written in a computer programming language, and translated to machine code using a computer program called a compiler. Sometimes the programming language is simply a set of abbreviations for the machine code instructions, called assembly language -- in this case, a program called an assembler is used to make the translation.
It is sometimes used as a synonym for "software"; although the main part of any software is programs, software also often includes resource files that contain data of some kind; these are not part of the program per se. An abstract program is sometimes called an algorithm.
Computer programs are now also the subject of mathematics - for example, algorithmic information theory studies the behavior of idealized computers executing randomly generated computer programs.
An alternative British spelling is computer programme, although this is rare and the British spelling in this context is generally 'program'.
See also
- computer software
- firmware
- operating system
- polyglot program
- programming language
- programming paradigm
- programmer
- scripting programming language
- Turing machine
- System requirements
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Computer program."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
zh-cn:计算机软件Software is a generic term for organized collections of computer data and instructions, often broken into two major categories: system software that provides the basic non-task-specific functions of the computer, and application software used to accomplish specific user-oriented tasks.
System software
System software is responsible for controlling, integrating, and managing the individual hardware components of a computer system so that other software and the users of the system see it as a functional unit without having to be concerned with the low-level details such as transferring data from memory to disk, or rendering text onto a display. Generally, system software consists of an operating system and some fundamental utilities such as disk formatters, file managers, display managers, text editors, user authentication (login) and management tools, and networking and device control software.
Application software
Application software, on the other hand, is used to accomplish specific tasks other than just running the computer system. Application software may consist of a single program, such as an image viewer; a small collection of programs (often called a software package) that work closely together to accomplish a task, such as a spreadsheet or text processing system; a larger collection (often called a software suite) of related but independent programs and packages that have a common user interface or shared data format, such as Microsoft Office, which consists of closely integrated word processor, spreadsheet, database, etc.; or a software system, such as a database management system, which is a collection of fundamental programs that may provide some service to a variety of other independent applications.
Software creation
Software is created with programming languages and related utilities, which may come in several of the above forms: single programs like script interpreters, packages containing a compiler, linker, and other tools; and large suites (often called Integrated Development Environments) that include editors, debuggers, and other tools for multiple languages.
Software patents
The issue of software patents is very controversial, since while patents protect the ideas of "inventors", they are widely believed to hinder software development.
Related articles
- Computing
- Computer programming
- Programming languages
- Text editors
- Compilers
- Algorithms
- Color management
- Software development process
- Software development tools
- Software optimization
- Application Programming Interface (API)
- Software packages
- Graphics programs
- Graphics file formats
- Raster graphics
- Vector graphics
- 3D graphics
- Digital video
- Business Software
- Customer Relationship Management
- Art software
- MLCAD
- Office applications suites
- Word processor
- Spreadsheet
- Database
- Document management system
- Analytical Software
- DADiSP
- MathCAD
- Utilities
- Media players
- Hard disk recorder
- Collaborative software
- OpenSource
- Blog
- WikiWiki
- Slashcode
- NupeCode
- Everything Engine
- Cryptography
- Pretty Good Privacy
- GNU Privacy Guard
- Educational Software
- Operating systems
- (list moved to OS article)
- Software licenses
- Open Source software
- Software piracy
- Origins of computer terms
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Computer software."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Soon after the invention of the laser in 1960, it was described as "a solution in search of a problem". However, since that time, the laser has found a place as a useful tool in many scientific, military, medical and industrial applications.
Scientific
Most types of laser are an inherently pure source of light; they emit near-monochromatic light with a very well defined range of wavelengths. By careful design of the laser components, it is possible to improve the purity of the laser light (measured as the linewidth) beyond that of any other light source. This makes the laser a very useful source for spectroscopy. The high intensity of light that can be achieved in a small, well collimated beam can also be used to induce a nonlinear optical effect in a sample, which makes techniques such as Raman spectroscopy possible. Other spectroscopic techniques based on lasers can be used to make extremely sensitive detectors of various molecules, able to measure molecular concentrations in the parts-per-trillion (ppt) level.
Some laser systems can produce extremely brief pulses of light - as short as picoseconds or femtoseconds (10-12 - 10-15 seconds). Such pulses can be used to initiate and analyse chemical reactions, a technique known as photochemistry. The short pulses can be used to probe the process of the reaction at a very high temporal resolution, allowing the detection of short-lived intermediate molecules. This method is particularly useful in biochemistry, where it is used to analyse details of protein folding and function.
A technique that has had recent success is laser cooling. This involves ion trapping, a method where a number of ions are confined in a specially shaped arrangement of electric and magnetic fields. By shining particular wavelengths of laser light at the ions, it is possible to transfer momentum from the ions to the light photons, causing the ions to lose energy and to slow down, thus cooling the ions. If this process is continued, eventually all the ions in the trap are slowed and have the same energy level, forming an unusual arrangement of matter known as a Bose-Einstein condensate.
The most extravagant use of lasers in science is in the field of fusion research. Some of the world's most powerful and complex arrangements of multiple lasers and optical amplifiers are used to produce extremely high intensity pulses of light of extremely short duration. These pulses are arranged such that they impact pellets of tritium-deuterium simultaneously from all directions, hoping that the squeezing effect of the impacts will induce atomic fusion in the pellets. This technique, known as inertial confinement fusion so-far has not been able to achieve breakeven, that is, less power is generated by the fusion reaction than is used to power the lasers, but research continues.
Military
The first rôle envisioned for the laser in military applications was as a "death ray": A hand-held device that might replace the gun as a weapon for infantry, or a vehicle-mounted "laser cannon" able to destroy tanks, ships and aircraft. However, practical considerations have severely constrained these ideas; Any laser capable of seriously wounding a human would (with its requisite power supply) be inevitably too heavy for a single solider to lift, and a high-power laser capable of burning through tank armour would be extremely complex and very sensitive to misalignment from any knocks or vibration it might suffer, making it unsuitable for field deployment. There remains the possibility of using lasers to blind, since this requires much lower power levels, and is easily achievable in a man portable unit. However, most nations regard the deliberate blinding of the enemy as forbidden by the rules of war.
Instead, the laser has in most military applications been used as a tool to enhance the targeting of other weapon systems. For example, a laser sight is a small, usually visible-light laser placed on a handgun or rifle aligned to emit a beam parallel to the barrel. Since a laser beam typically has low divergence, the laser light appears as a small spot even at long distances; The user simply places the spot on the desired target and the barrel of the gun is aligned. Recent studies (2001) has shown that laser sight has become an effective deterring tool for law enforcement. Criminals are more likely to surrender without resistance as soon as they found a red laser spot placed on their chest. Modern laser sights are so small that they can fit below the barrel as part of gun instead of a separate attachment.
Saber 203 Laser Illuminator (U.S. Air Force)This menacing but allegedly "non-lethal" laser weapon, shown in the above photo attached to an M-16 rifle, was developed by the U.S. Air Force to temporarily impair an adversary’s ability to fire a weapon or to otherwise threaten friendly forces. The Saber 203 briefly illuminates an opponent with harmless, low-power laser light. Realizing he has been targeted, the aggressor (according to the Air Force) hides or flees rather than risk death by aiming his weapon and attracting defensive fire.
A laser rangefinder is a device consisting of a pulsed laser and a light detector. By measuring the time taken for light to reflect of a far object, and knowing the speed of light, the range to the object can be found. A laser rangefinder is thus a simple form of LIDAR. The distance to the target can then be used to aim a weapon such as a tank's main gun.
Another military use of lasers is as a laser target designator. This is a low-power laser used to indicate a target for a laser guided munition such as a smart bomb or missile, typically launched from an aircraft. The guided munition adjusts its flight-path to home in to the laser light reflected by the target, enabling a great precision in aiming. The laser designator can be shone onto the target by an aircraft or nearby infantry. Lasers used for this purpose are usually infrared lasers, to prevent easy detection of the guiding laser light by the enemy.
Recently, some progress has been made in the use of the laser as a directed energy weapon, mostly in defensive applications. By using a chemical laser, one in which the laser operation is powered by an energetic chemical reaction, the requirement for generating and storing a large amount of electical energy (which directly or indirectly is used to power most high-power lasers) is removed. This makes the laser system much more compact, and easier to transport. One example is a laser system which is designed to destroy incoming air-to-air missiles. It is mounted in a converted commercial airliner, and could be used, e.g., to protect assets such as AWACS aircraft. However, the practical problems of reliably generating and aiming the laser beam remain fearsome.
Another example of direct use of a laser as a defensive weapon was researched for the Star Wars strategic defense initiative (SDI), and its successor programs. This project would use ground-based or space-based laser systems to destroy incoming intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs). Again, the practical problems of using and aiming these systems would be many; particularly the problem of destroying ICBMs at the most opportune moment, the boost phase just after launch. This would involve directing a laser through a large distance in the atmosphere, which, due to optical scattering and refraction, would bend and distort the laser beam, complicating the aiming of the laser and reducing its efficiency.
Another idea to come from the SDI project was the nuclear-pumped X-ray laser. This was essentially an orbiting atomic bomb, surrounded by laser media in the form of glass rods; when the bomb exploded, the rods would be bombarded with highly-energetic gamma-ray photons, causing spontaneous and stimulated emission of X-ray photons in the atoms making up the rods. This would lead to optical amplification of the X-ray photons, producing an X-ray laser beam which would be minimally affected by atmospheric distortion and capable of destroying ICBMs in flight. The X-ray laser would be a strictly one-shot device, destroying itself on activation. Some inital tests of this concept were performed with underground nuclear testing, however, the results were not encouraging. Reseach into this approach to missile defense was discontinued after the cancellation of the SDI program.
Medical
- Cosmetic surgery (tattoo, hair, scar, stretch mark, sunspot, wrinkle & birthmark removal)
- Eye surgery (LASIK, etc...)
- Laser scalpel (gynecological, urology, laparoscopic)
- Dental procedures
- Imaging
Industrial & Commercial
- Cutting, welding, marking,
- Rangefinder / surveying,
- LIDAR / pollution monitoring,
- CD/DVD player,
- Laser printing,
- Laser engraving of printing plates,
- Laser pointers, holography, laser light displays
- Photolithography,
- Optical communications.
- Optical tweezers
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Laser applications."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| AP | English | Application Program | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: ApplicationSynonyms: application program (n), applications programme (n), coating (n), covering (n), diligence (n), lotion (n), practical application (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Attention | Active application, diligent application, exclusive application, minute application, close application, intense application, deep application, profound application, abstract application, labored application, deliberate application, active attention, diligent attention, exclusive attention, minute attention, close attention, intense attention, deep attention, profound attention, abstract attention, labored attention, deliberate attention, active thought, diligent thought, exclusive thought, minute thought, close thought, intense thought, deep thought, profound thought, abstract thought, labored thought, deliberate thought, active study, diligent study, exclusive study, minute study, close study, intense study, deep study, profound study, abstract study, labored study, deliberate study. |
Metaphor | Phrase; figure, trope, metaphor, enallage, catachresis; metonymy, synecdoche; autonomasia, irony, figurativeness; Adjective: image, imagery; metalepsis, type, anagoge, simile, personification, prosopopoeia, allegory, apologue, parable, fable; allusion, adumbration; application. |
Nonpayment | Noun: nonpayment; default, defalcation; protest, repudiation; application of the sponge; whitewashing. |
Request | Verb: request, ask; beg, crave, sue, pray, solicit, invite, pop the question, make bold to ask; beg leave, beg a boon; apply to, call to, put to; call upon, call for; make a request, address a request, prefer a request, put up a request, make a prayer, address a prayer, prefer a prayer, put up a prayer, make a petition, address a petition, prefer a petition, put up a petition; make application, make a requisition; ask trouble, ask one for; claim; (demand); offer up prayers; (worship); whistle for. |
Motion, overture, application, canvass, address, appeal, apostrophe; imprecation; rogation; proposal, proposition. | |
Thought | Noun: thought; exercitation of the intellect, exercise of the intellect; intellection; reflection, cogitation, consideration, meditation, study, lucubration, speculation, deliberation, pondering; head work, brain work; cerebration; deep reflection; close study, application; (attention). |
Use | Exercitation; application, appliance; adhibition, disposal; consumption; agency; (physical); usufruct; usefulness; benefit; recourse, resort, avail. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | You lied dozens of times on our mortgage application. (The Simpsons; writing credit: Artur Brauner; Paul Hengge) Ah yes. I have my temporary driver's license - and - my astronaut application form I didn't pass that though, I failed everything but the date of birth (The Jerk; writing credit: Steve Martin; Carl Gottlieb) That's the problem with plutonium, Craven; it's limited in its application. It's not user-friendly (Edge of Darkness; writing credit: Troy Kennedy-Martin) | |
Lyrics | So just fill out your application (Everybody Doesn't; performing artist: Amanda) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Application Form (1965) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
| ||
Books |
| ||
Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
| ||
Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Positive identification of the bacillus may be facilitated through the application of DFA stain and its affinity for the Y. pestis' capsular antigen. Credit: CDC. |  | Darkfield microscopy involves the application of light rays in an oblique manner to microscopic specimens in order to illuminate these organisms, which are normally difficult to see using normal lighting techniques. Credit: CDC. |
 | Volunteers from a local high school cut Brazilian Pepper bushes at their bases and then spray a spot application of herbicide. Brazilian Pepper is an introduced species that outcompetes the native mangroves. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |  | Figure 23. Current meter invented by Jacob Amsler-Laffon about 1876. This instrument was devised to measure the currents of streams and rivers. It was an application of Woltman's electrical turnstile method of measuring the current. The first use of this instrument was in the Rhine River near Schaffhouse in 1876 . 278 measurements were made at 26 stations at 6 meters depth. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |
 | Figure 28. Model of a machine for generating electricity based on differences of temperature between the sea surface and great depth. This "thermal machine" was devised by the physicist Georges Claude and the engineer Paul Boucherot in 1926. It was an application of Carnot's theorem and was a forerunner of the modern ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) project. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |  | Raptor 4004, the first Lockheed Martin-Boeing F-22 to fly with advanced avionics hardware and integrated software, lifts off Nov. 15 on its maiden flight from Marietta, Ga. The application of advanced avionics software in the F-22 is key to the Raptor's r. |
 | Application of anhydrous ammonia fertilizer at planting time. Cedar County, Iowa. Credit: Lynn Betts. |  | A farmer washes his sprayer after application of herbicide. The farmer is careful to ware complete protection while working with the chemicals. Credit: Tim McCabe. |
 | Environmentally friendly: Ultra-low volume herbicide application methods developed by ARS plant physiologist Chester McWhorter (now retired) and colleagues could significantly reduce the use of agricultural chemicals. P. Credit: USDA ARS News; photo by Keith Weller.. |  | Someone on ATV in process of hericide application. Credit: Jerry Asher. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Public notice for development" by Thomas Hamlyn-Harris Commentary: "A man standing and looking at a public notice for development application." | "Screen Shot 1" by Dan Mulligan Commentary: "Macintosh OS X Screen Shot-Mail Application." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Frederick Douglass | Man's greatness consists in his ability to do and the proper application of his powers to things needed to be done. |
Herman Melville | What plays the mischief with the truth is that men will insist upon the universal application of a temporary feeling or opinion. |
Miguel De Cervantes | The gratification of wealth is not found in mere possession or in lavish expenditure, but in its wise application. |
Steven Wright | I filled out an application that said, "In Case Of Emergency Notify". I wrote "Doctor"...what's my mother going to do? |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
John Locke | 1690 | First, There wants an established, settled, known law, received and allowed by common consent to be the standard of right and wrong, and the common measure to decide all controversies between them: for though the law of nature be plain and intelligible to all rational creatures; yet men being biassed by their interest, as well as ignorant for want of study of it, are not apt to allow of it as a law binding to them in the application of it to their particular cases. (Second Treatise of Government) |
US Constitution | 1791 | The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence. (reference) |
Communist Manifesto | 1848 | Abolition of property in land and application of all rents of land to public purposes. (reference) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | Agenda: (1) Application of principle of the 8-hours day or of the 48-hours week. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | He made his application. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Local cleansing of the lesion and local application of antibiotics. (references) | |
Massage and application of cold compresses may provide temporary relief. (references) | ||
Kramer MS, Shapiro SH. Scientific challenges in the application of randomized trials. (references) | ||
Business | Other companies are in the process of application. (references) | |
Working Systems develops business application software. (references) | ||
VAT is an application for audio conferencing over the Internet. (references) | ||
Children | Guyana | The Domestic Violence Act allows police officers or social workers to file an application on behalf of an abused child. (references) |
Bulgaria | Disabled individuals have access to university training (students with disabilities must pay the university's initial application fee but are exempt from semester fees if accepted), to housing, and to employment; however, architectural barriers are a great hindrance in most older buildings, including schools and universities. (references) | |
Hong Kong | A proposed bill on Prevention of Child Pornography that the Government plans to introduce before the Legislative Council in 2002 would criminalize the making, production, distribution, publication, advertising, and possession of child pornography and prohibit the procurement of children for making pornography, extend the application of certain sexual offense provisions to acts committed against children outside of Hong Kong, and prohibit any arrangement or advertising relating to commission of those acts. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Swaziland | Police turned down the application, and the meeting was not held. (references) |
Denmark | The Scientologists had not resubmitted an application by year's end. (references) | |
Greece | A new application is required to extend the card for an additional year. (references) | |
Discrimination | Maldives | Women traditionally have been disadvantaged, particularly in terms of the application of Shari'a, in matters such as divorce, education, inheritance, and testimony in legal proceedings. (references) |
Economic History | Croatia | The Supreme Court assures the uniform application of laws. (references) |
Italy | If an application is in order, the mark will be registered. (references) | |
Human Rights | Bolivia | The superior court review is restricted to a review of the application of the law. (references) |
Mauritania | The actual application of the constitutional safeguards continued to vary widely from case to case. (references) | |
Japan | A judge may extend preindictment custody by up to two consecutive 10-day periods based on a prosecutor's application. (references) | |
Minorities | Trinidad and Tobago | There was no information available regarding application of this legislation in practice. (references) |
Latvia | Children of noncitizens born after August 1992 are entitled to citizenship upon application. (references) | |
Estonia | In 1998 the Citizenship Law was amended to grant citizenship to stateless children born to legally resident stateless parents after February 26, 1992 (upon the parents' or guardians' application). (references) | |
Political Economy | SPAIN | License application has a minimum charge. (references) |
SPAIN | Not infrequently, U.S. products face rigorous application of import requirements. (references) | |
KUWAIT | Business with Israel is restricted by application of the direct Arab League Boycott. (references) | |
Political Rights | Algeria | The party's application remained pending at year's end. (references) |
Ethiopia | The opposition AAPO complained that in 1999 the Oromiya region government refused its application to open branch offices in the region. (references) | |
Gabon | International observers reported that the elections were marked by organizational flaws and "insufficient and dysfunctional" application of the electoral law. (references) | |
Trade | Bulgaria | Failure to re-export the goods results in application of the duties. (references) |
Argentina | U.S. exporters do not need to go through the EXIM application process. (references) | |
El Salvador | B. Application for export registry (Solicitud de Registro de Exportacion). (references) | |
Travel | Cote D'ivoire | It is also required for the application for an exit visa. (references) |
Italy | The Italian employer files an application at a Provincial Labor Office. (references) | |
Azerbaijan | The visitor needs to submit one photograph, pay USD40, and fill out an application. (references) | |
Women | Guyana | Magistrates may issue interim protection orders when a victim of abuse, a police officer, or a social worker fills out an application for protection. (references) |
Tanzania | While provisions of the law provide for certain inheritance and property rights for women, the application of customary, Islamic, or statutory law depends on the lifestyle and stated intentions of the male head of household. (references) | |
Ireland | The 2000 Sex Offenders Bill provides that "separate legal representation will be provided to complainants in rape and other serious sexual assault cases where application is made to adduce evidence or to cross-examine the complainant about his or her past sexual experience." In 1999 the National Steering Committee on Violence Against Women (a multiagency government body) began a public outreach campaign to combat violence against women, which it described as a "hidden" and "severely under reported" problem. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Algeria | The 1990 law on labor unions requires the Labor Ministry to approve a union application within 30 days. (references) |
Japan | Suspected foreign workers also may be denied entry for passport, visa, and entry application irregularities. (references) | |
Dominican Republic | The code calls for automatic recognition of a union if the Government has not acted on its application within 30 days. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | ELECTRICITY, n. The power that causes all natural phenomena not known to be caused by something else. It is the same thing as lightning, and its famous attempt to strike Dr. Franklin is one of the most picturesque incidents in that great and good man's career. The memory of Dr. Franklin is justly held in great reverence, particularly in France, where a waxen effigy of him was recently on exhibition, bearing the following touching account of his life and services to science: "Monsieur Franqulin, inventor of electricity. This illustrious savant, after having made several voyages around the world, died on the Sandwich Islands and was devoured by savages, of whom not a single fragment was ever recovered." Electricity seems destined to play a most important part in the arts and industries. The question of its economical application to some purposes is still unsettled, but experiment has already proved that it will propel a street car better than a gas jet and give more light than a horse. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
George Washington | 1789-1797 | Should this, upon due inquiry, be found to be the fact, a full conviction of the importance of facilitating the circulation of political intelligence and information will, I doubt not, lead to the application of a remedy. |
James Madison | 1809-1817 | However wise the theory may be which leaves to the sagacity and interest of individuals the application of their industry and resources, there are in this as in other cases exceptions to the general rule. |
James Monroe | 1817-1825 | The application, therefore, to the cases in question was inevitable. |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | Being now for the first time presented in an unexceptionable form, it is confidently hoped that the application will be successful. |
James K. Polk | 1845-1849 | By a judicious application of the revenues not required for other necessary purposes, it is not doubted that the debt which has grown out of the circumstances of the last few years may be speedily paid off. |
Benjamin Harrison | 1889-1893 | Persistent importunity will not, therefore, be the best support of an application for office. |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | Our national security is assured by the application pate science and technology will bring. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Application" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.98% of the time. "Application" is used about 10,018 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.98% | 10,016 | 933 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.02% | 2 | 245,945 |
| Total | 100.00% | 10,018 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "application": abstract application ♦ active application ♦ Advanced techniques integration into efficient scientific application software ♦ aerial application ♦ an application for help ♦ application Binary Interface ♦ application blank ♦ application Configuration Access Protocol ♦ application Control Architecture ♦ application date ♦ application enablement services ♦ application entity invocation ♦ application environment specification ♦ application error and acknowledgement message ♦ application error code ♦ application error detail ♦ application error identification ♦ application error information ♦ application Executive ♦ application fee ♦ application for a marriage licence ♦ application for a patent ♦ application for a situation ♦ application for admission ♦ application for an exit visa ♦ application for leave ♦ application form ♦ application generator ♦ application information ♦ application Integration Architecture ♦ application layer ♦ application notes ♦ application of the sponge ♦ Application pilot for people with special needs ♦ application plan ♦ application Portability Architecture ♦ application procedure ♦ application profile ♦ application program ♦ application Program Interface ♦ application Programming Interface ♦ application protocol ♦ application Protocol Data Unit ♦ application reference model ♦ application report ♦ application server ♦ application Service Element ♦ application service provider ♦ application software ♦ application Software Installation Server ♦ Application software prototype implementation system ♦ application specific standard product ♦ application technology satellite ♦ application test ♦ application Visualisation System ♦ area of application ♦ association responding application entity ♦ brake pipe initiated application ♦ business Application Programming Interface ♦ calendar Application Programming Interface ♦ close application ♦ common application service element ♦ common ISDN Application Programming Interface ♦ contribution application ♦ credit application ♦ deep application ♦ deliberate application ♦ diligent application ♦ distribution application ♦ document application profile ♦ energy application ♦ enterprise Application Integration ♦ European divisional application ♦ European patent application ♦ Ex parte application ♦ exclusive application ♦ first office application ♦ for external application ♦ for external application only ♦ function application ♦ generic Security Service Application Programming Interface ♦ have no application ♦ horizontal application ♦ intense application ♦ internet Server Application Programming Interface ♦ Investigational New Drug Application ♦ invoking application entity ♦ job application ♦ job application proposal message ♦ job application result message ♦ labored application ♦ land application ♦ letter of application ♦ loan application ♦ lubricant application device ♦ mail Application Programming Interface ♦ make an application ♦ make an application for ♦ make an application to ♦ make an application to smb. for ♦ making an application. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "application": application-association, application-dependent, application-enabling, application-entity, application-environment, application-independent, application-linked, application-linking, application-messaging, application-oriented, application-oriented language, application-specific, Application-Specific Integrated Circuit, application-to-application, application-visible. | |
Ending with "application": pre-application, re-application. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
