Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Antiviral

Definition: Antiviral

Antiviral

Noun

1. Any drug that destroys viruses.

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 


Specialty Definitions: Antiviral

DomainDefinitions

Health

Destroying viruses or suppressing their replication. (references)

Medicine

A drug used to treat infections caused by viruses. Source: European Union. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Synonym: Antiviral

Synonym: antiviral agent (n). (additional references)

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Synonyms within Context: Antiviral

ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

Remedy

Anthelmintic; antidote, antifebrile, antipoison, counterpoison, antitoxin, antispasmodic; bracer, faith cure, placebo; helminthagogue, lithagogue, pick-meup, stimulant, tonic; vermifuge, prophylactic, corrective, restorative; sedative; palliative; febrifuge; alterant, alterative; specific; antiseptic, emetic, analgesic, pain-killer, antitussive, antiinflammatory, antibiotic, antiviral, antifungal, carminative; Nepenthe, Mithridate.

Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: Antiviral

English words defined with "antiviral": acyclovir, antiviral agent, azidothymidine, AZTinterferonribavirinVirazolezidovudine, Zovirax. (references)
Specialty definitions using "antiviral": 1-DeoxynojirimycinAcetylcysteine, Amantadine, Antibody-Dependent Enhancement, AphidicolinBromodeoxyuridineDeoxyglucose, Dextran Sulfate, Dihematoporphyrin EtherEthidiumFoscarnetgamma interferon, gamma-interferon, Glycyrrhetinic Acid, GuanidinesIdoxuridine, immune interferon, Immunity, Natural, Immunotoxins, Inosine Pranobex, integrase inhibitor, Interferon Alfa-2a, Interferon Alfa-2b, Interferon Alfa-2c, Interferon Type I, Recombinant, Interferon-alpha, Interferon-beta, Interferon-gamma, RecombinantMethisazoneNelfinavir, Netropsin, nucleoside analog, nucleoside analoguePeptide T, Phosphonoacetic AcidRevM10 gene, RimantadineStreptothricinsTenuazonic Acid, Tilorone, Trichosanthin, Tunicamycinvalganciclovir, Vidarabine, Vidarabine Phosphate. (references)
Non-English Usage: "Antiviral" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses.

Danish (antiviral), German (antiviral), Portuguese (antiviral).

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Commercial Usage: Antiviral

DomainTitle

Books

  • Advances in Antiviral Drug Design, Volume 3 (reference)

  • Antiviral Agents: Advances and Problems (Progress in Drug Research-Special Topic) (reference)

  • Antiviral Chemotherapy (Biochemical and Medicinal Chemistry Series) (reference)

  • Antiviral Drug Development: A Multidisciplinary Approach, Vol 143 (reference)

  • Carbohydrates and Carbohydrate Polymers: Analysis, Biotechnology, Conformation, Modification, Antiviral and Other Commercial Applications (Frontiers) (reference)

    (more book examples)

  

Periodicals

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Photo Album: Antiviral

ThumbnailDescription & CreditThumbnailDescription & Credit

A crystal of the drug, 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddi), is shown. The antiviral activity of ddi against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-I) was identified at the National Cancer Institute in 1985. Credit: Dr. Hiroaki Mitsuya, Larry Otsby (photographer).

Shown are polarized crystals photographed through the microscope of the drug 2'3'-dideoxyadenosine, ddA, a drug that is closely related to AZT, azidothymidine. The antiviral effect of ddA against HIV was discovered at the National Cancer Institute, when trying to find a drug to treat patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Credit: Larry Ostby (photographer).

AZT in bottles is used intravenously in treating patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS. Azidothymidine is an antiviral drug which floods the cell with false DNA building blocks so that the virus cannot make copies of itself. When this happens, viral infection and replication is stopped. Credit: Bill Branson (photographer).

AZT, in tablet and capsule forms, is used in treating patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS. Azidothymidine is an antiviral drug which floods the cell with false DNA building blocks so that the virus cannot make copies of itself. When this happens, viral infection and replication is stopped. Credit: Bill Branson (photographer).

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Antiviral

SubjectTopicQuote

Health

Antiviral drugs may also be prescribed. (references)

Either condition would render direct antiviral therapy ineffective. (references)

An antiviral drug, amantadine, helps reduce symptoms of Parkinson's disease. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Usage Frequency: Antiviral

"Antiviral" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 93.33% of the time. "Antiviral" is used about 15 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Adjective (general or positive)93.33%1493,893
Noun (singular)6.67%1339,140
                    Total100.00%15N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Expressions: Antiviral

Expressions using "antiviral": antiviral agent Antiviral Agents antiviral interferon. Additional references.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Antiviral

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

antiviral

41

antiviral toolkit pro

23

antiviral drug

17

sars antiviral

8

antiviral medication

7

antiviral therapy

7

antiviral and toolkit

6

antiviral platinum pro toolkit

6

antiviral software

5

antiviral herb

4

antiviral research

3

antiviral product

3

3.0 antiviral pro toolkit version

2

antiviral agent

2

antiviral system

2
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translations: Antiviral

Language Translations for "antiviral"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Bulgarian 

  

антивирусен. (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

抗病'. (various references)

   

Czech

  

protivirový. (various references)

   

Danish

  

antiviralt middel, antiviral. (various references)

   

Dutch

  

antiviraal. (various references)

   

Finnish

  

antiviraalinen lääkeaine, viruslääke. (various references)

   

French

  

antiviral (a et sm), antiviral. (various references)

   

German

  

antiviral. (various references)

   

Greek 

  

ιοκτόνο, αντιιικό. (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

vírusölõ. (various references)

   

Italian

  

antivirale. (various references)

   

Korean 

  

항"이러스. (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

antiviralay

   

Portuguese

  

antiviral, antiviróide. (various references)

   

Russian 

  

противовирусный. (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

antivirusni, antiviralni. (various references)

   

Spanish

  

antivirulento, antiviral. (various references)

   

Swedish

  

virus interferon (antiviral interferon). (various references)

   

Ukranian 

  

противірусний. (various references)

   

Vietnamese 

  

chống virut. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Misspellings: Antiviral

Misspellings

"Antiviral" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: antivirals. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Antiviral"

# of Phoneme MatchesPronunciationWord(s) rhyming with "antiviral" (pronounced a'ntēvī"rul)
5-v ī" r u lviral.
4-ī" r u lspiral.
3-r u lamoral, ancestral, apparel, astral, aural, auroral, austral, Balmoral, barrel, Beryl, boral, Carle, Carol, carrel, cathedral, central, cerebral, choral, coral, feral, floral, gambrel, goral, immoral, imperil, integral, intramural, laurel, Loral, minstrel, mistral, mitral, moral, mural, neural, neutral, nostril, octahedral, oral, orchestral, peril, plural, quarrel, rural, scoundrel, several, Sorel, Sorrel, sterile, tetrahedral, ventral, vertebral, virile.

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Antiviral

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Words within the letters "a-a-i-i-l-n-r-t-v"

-2 letters: antiair, invital, travail, trivial, valiant, variant, vitrain.

-3 letters: antiar, antral, atrial, lariat, latria, narial, nitril, ratlin, tarnal, trinal, trivia.

-4 letters: aalii, alant, altar, antra, anvil, artal, arval, atria, avail, avant, avian, invar, laari, lanai, larva, liana, litai, naira, natal, naval, navar, nival, ratal, ratan, ravin, riant, riata, rival, talar, tiara, trail, train, trial.

 Words containing the letters "a-a-i-i-l-n-r-t-v"
 

+1 letter: intravital, travailing.

 

+2 letters: invalidator, variational, vibrational.

 

+3 letters: derivational, intravitally, invalidators, revalidating, revalidation, valorization, velarization.

 

+4 letters: antislaveries, gravitational, invariability, revalidations, valedictorian, valorizations, variationally, velarizations, verbalization, vernalization, vulgarization.

 

+5 letters: avuncularities, revalorization, revitalization, trivialization, valedictorians, valetudinarian, valetudinaries, verbalizations, vernalizations, vulgarizations.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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Alternative Orthography: Antiviral


Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

41 6E 74 69 76 69 72 61 6C

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)

=

Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)

Braille (1829, in France) (references)

Morse Code (1836) (references)

.-    -.    -    ..    ...-    ..    .-.    .-    .-..

Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01000001 01101110 01110100 01101001 01110110 01101001 01110010 01100001 01101100

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#65 &#110 &#116 &#105 &#118 &#105 &#114 &#97 &#108

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

0041 006E 0074 0069 0076 0069 0072 0061 006C

British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

358086758875846778

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Commercial
5. Images: Photo Album
6. Quotations: Non-fiction
7. Usage Frequency
8. Expressions
9. Expressions: Internet
10. Translations: Modern
11. Derivations
12. Rhymes
13. Anagrams
14. Orthography
15. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

 

 

 

 

Note to the press & webmasters - this dictionary can be linked, indexed, or referred to using the following non-English expressions:
woordeboek, fjalor, ‏معجم, ‏قاموس, diccionariu, речник, diccionari, diksyonario, diksinario, 字典, gérlyver, slovník, ordbog, woordenboek, shimiyuc p'anca, orðabók, orðbók, dictionnaire, wurdboek, wörterbuch, λεξικό, אוצר מילים, szótár, uqausiit tukingit, dizionario, 字引 , じい, じびき, じて", ディクショナリー , じり", じしょ, '"かい, ディクショナリ , 사 , dizionari, recnik, fockleyr, dikshonario, słownik, dicionário, dicţionar, dicziunari, словарь, lolomi fefiloi, foclair, abardair, faclair, briathrachan, pukuntau, leksikon, rečnik, vocabbulariu, diccionario, sí-chazamagâma, ordbok, lexikon, พจนานุกรม, sözlük, ansiklopedik sözlük, словник, довідник, có tính chất sách vở, geirlyfr, geiriadur, for dictionary;
definisie, qartësi, përcaktim, saktësi, ‏الوضوحية في الشيء, ‏حد, ‏تحديد, ‏تعريف, ‏التحديد, ‏الإيضاحية, яснота, сила, очертания, дефиниция, 定義 , 定义, definice, deskriptordefinition, definitie, määritelmä, définition, ορισμός, "'"ר", "'בל", meghatározás, definíció, definizione, 確定 , ディーゼル電気車 , デ'ドロ酢酸 , デフィニション , ディフィニション , ていぎ, かくてい, 의, geyrid, meenaghey, keeayllaght, baght, definishon, definição, definiţie, determinare, definire, определение, definicija, definición, definition, açıklama, belirleme, belirtme, kesinleştirme, tanım, tarif, seçiklik, tanımlama, чіткість, тлумачення, виразність, визначення, дефініція, ясність, чітка чутність, sự định rõ, sự định nghĩa, lời định nghĩa sự định, diffiniad, darnodiad, for definition;
vertaling, transferim, transmetim, ‏ترجمة من لغة أجنبية للغة الأم, ‏ترجمة, ‏إفتتان, транслация, огъване, превод, предаване, поддаване, тълкуване, превеждане, 翻译, překlad, oversættelse, translatie, taajuusmuutos, translaatio, traduction, oersetting, Übersetzung, μετάφραση, תור'מ ות, תר'ום, "עתק", "עתק, fordítás, traduzione, 翻訳 , へい"ういどう, やくしょ, やくしゅつ, "うどく, ほ"やく, トランスレーション , やくじゅつ, ほ"やくしょ, 번역, tradukshon, tradução, translaţie, tãlmãcire, traducere, сдвиг, трансляция, перемещение, перевод, tumačenje, traducción, översättning, tercüme, процес перекладу, переклад, пояснення, переміщення, sự dịch, sự biến th nh sự giải thích, trosiad, for translation;
Bulgaars, Bulgaar, bulgr, ‏البلغارية, ‏بلغاري, Búlgaru, български, български език, българин, Bulgaryan, 保 利亚, bulharský, bulgarer, bulgarskt, bulgarialainen, Bulgaarsk, bulgare, 'ούλγαρος, bullgar, bolgár, bulgaro, 불가리아, Bulgeyragh, Bulgeyrish, Bułgar, болгарский, болгарин, bugarski jezik, bugarski, bugarka, bugarin, búlgaro, bulgar, bulgaristan ile ilgili, болгарський, người Bun-ga-ri tiếng Bun-ga-ri, for Bulgarian;
Sjinees, Chinees, kinez, ‏الصينية, ‏لغة الصين, ‏صيني, ‏الصيني أحد أبناء الصين, Chinu, китайски, Ininsik, 汉语, 中 , 漢 , 中國 , èínský, èínština, èíòan, kineser, kinesiskt, kinverskur, kiinalainen, Chinois, Sineesk, Chinesisch, Κινέζος, κινέζικα, κινέζικοσ, κινέζοσ, σινικόσ, kínai, Kínverji, Sínis, cinese, チフス菌 , チャイニーズ , 중국, Cina, Sheenish, Sheenagh, Hainamana, chines, Chińczyk, chinês, chinés, chinezesc, chinezeşte, chinezã, chinez, китайский, китаец, Saina, kineski jezik, kineski, chino, snesi, sneysi, kinesisk, çinli, çince, çin ile ilgili, çin, китаянка, китайська мова, китайський, кита"ць, for Chinese;
Tsjeggies, Tsjeg, çek, ‏تشيكي, ‏اللغة التشيكوسلوفاكية, ‏التشيكي أحد أبناء تشيكوسلوفاكيا, Checu, чешки, Sekoslovakyano, 捷克語 , 捷克语, 捷克 , èesky, èeské, èech, èeština, èeský, èeška, tjekker, tjekke, Tsjech, Tsjechisch, tjekkiskt, t?ekkiläinen, tchèque, Tsjechysk, Tscheche, tschechisch, Tschechin, Τσέχος, cseh, ceco, 체", Sheckagh, Sheckish, Czech, chèc, ceh, чешский, češki jezik, čeh, češki, checo, tjeck, Çek, çekoslovakyalı kimse, çekoslovakyalı, çek dili, чех, чеська мова, чеський, чешка, người Séc tiếng Séc, for Czech;
Deens, danisht, danishte, ‏لغة الدانمركية, ‏نوع كعك, ‏دانماركي, датски език, датски, Daniko, 丹麦语, dánský, dánština, danskur, danskt, tanskalainen, danois, Deensk, dänisch, δανικόσ, δανόσ, עו'ת שמרים, " י, dán, danska, Danmhairgis, danese, 덴마크, Danvargish, Danvargagh, danes, dinamarquês, danez, датский, danski, danski jezik, danés, dansk, danimarkalı, danimarka dili, датський, датська мова, tiếng Đan-mạch, for Danish;
Nederlands, Hollands, holandez, ‏هولندي, ‏اللغة الهولندية, холандски, немски език, холандски език, холандците, немски, Olandes, 菏蘭語 , 荷兰语, holandský, nizozemský, hollandsk, hollendskt, hollantilainen, néerlandais, Nederlânsk, holländisch, ολλανδικόσ, ολλανδόσ, holandisht, "ול "י, holland, hollenskur, Ollainnis, olandese, 네덜란", Belanda, Ollanish, Germaanish, Tatimana, nederlandsk, ulandes, hulandes, holandês, neerlandés, olandez, nemţesc, limba olandezã, german, голландский, holanđanin, u škripcu, holandski, holandés, bakratongo, holländsk, ชาวเนเธอร์แลน"์, เกี่ยวกับเนเธอร์แลน"์, รรยา, alman, eş, flemenkçe, holandaca, hollanda, karı, hollandalı, hollandalılara özgü olan, Hollandali, hollanda'ya ait, голландська мова, голландський, ngôn ngữ khó hiểu, "b xã", for Dutch;
Fins, finlandez, finlandishte, finlandisht, ‏اللغة الفنلندية, ‏فنلندية, ‏فنلندي, фински език, фински, Pinlandino, 芬蘭語 , 芬兰语, finský, finskt, suomi, suomalainen, finnois, Finlandaise, finlandais, finnisch, φινλανδικόσ, פי י, finn, finnskur, finnska, finlandese, 핀란", Fynlannish, Fynlannagh, finlandês, finês, finlandezã, финский, Finisi, finski jezik, finski, finlandés, finés, finsk, fince, finlandiya'ya özgü, фінська мова, фінський, tiếng Phần-lan, for Finnish;
Franse taal, Frans, franceze, francez, frëngjisht, frëng, frëngjishte, ‏فرنسي, ‏اللغة الفرنسية, ‏الشعب الفرنسي, gall, френски език, френски, Pranses, 法國 , 法文 , 法語 , 法语, francouzština, francouzský, franskur, franskt, ranskalainen, français, Frânsk, französisch, γάλλοσ, γαλλικόσ, γαλλική γλώσσα, γαλλίδα, צרפתי, צרפתית, francia, Fraincis, francese, フレコン化 , フランス" , 仏文 , 仏 , ふつぶ", フレンチ , フランセ , ふつ, "랑스, Perancis, Ny Frangee, Mooinjey ny Frank, frances, franses, francês, francezii, francezã, franţuzesc, franţuzeşte, французский, Falani, francuski jezik, francuski, francuzi, francés, sí-Fulentji, fransk, franska, fransızca, Fransiz, fransızca ile ilgili, fransız, fransa ile ilgili, французька мова, французький, Ffrengig, isiFulentshi, for French;
Duits, Duitser, Duitse taal, Germaan, gjerman, ‏ضرب من الرقص, ‏جرماني, ‏المانية, ‏الماني, ‏اللغة الألمانية, роден, германски, немски език, немски, немец, готически, германец, 德語 , 德语, 德文 , 德國 , nìmecký, nìmec, tysker, Duitse, týskur, týskt, týskari, saksalainen, Allemand, Dútsk, Deutsche, Deutsch, "ερμανός, gjermanisht, 'רמ י, 'רמ ית, német, þjóðverji, þýskur, GearmÚnach, GearmÚinis, tedesco, ジプシー音楽 , ジャーマン , 독일, todesch, Germaanagh, Garmane, Germaanish, Carmane, aleman, Niemiec, niemiecki, alemão, alemand, neamţ, немецкий, Siamani, germanski, alemán, Tudesku, Doysri, mjeremani, mdachi, sí-Jalimáne, tysk, เยอรมัน, าษาเยอรมัน, Alman, німкеня, німецький, німець, $sisters german$ chị em ruột, $cousin german$ anh chị em con chú bác ruột, sister, Almaenwr, isiJalimane, iliJalimane, iJalimane, for German;
Grieks, Griek, ‏الإغريقي, ‏يوناني, ‏اللغة اليونانية, Griegu, гръцки език, гръцки, грък, Griyego, 希臘語 , 希腊语, řecký, řeètina, řek, græker, grikst, kreikkalainen, grec, Gryk, Gryksk, Gryks, grieche, ελληνικόσ, 'Ελληνας, יו ית, יו י, görög, Grikki, greco, ギリシア語 , ギリシア", 그리스, Greagish, Greagagh, grego, grèc, greacã, греческий, Eleni, grk, grčki jezik, grčki, griego, grek, Yunanli, yunanlı, yunanca, yunan, Rumca, yunanistan'a ait, rum, грек, гречанка, грецька мова, грецький, kẻ cắp b gi gặp nhau, quân bạc bịp tôi không thể hiểu được điều đó thật l kỳ phùng địch thủ, người Hy-lạp tiếng Hy-lạp kẻ bịp bợm, kẻ lừa đảo, Groegwr, for Greek;
Hongaars, Hongaar, hungarez, ‏الهنغاري, ‏مجري, ‏هنغاري, ‏المجري, ‏اللغة الهنغارية, Húngaru, унгарски език, унгарски, унгарец, Hungaryan, 匈牙利語 , 匈牙利语, maïarský, maïar, maïarština, ungarer, Hongaarse, ungarskt, unkarilainen, hongrois, Hongaarsk, ungar, Ούγγρος, "ו 'רי, magyar, ungherese, 헝가리, Ungaarish, Ungaaragh, Węgier, ongrés, ungureşte, ungur, limba maghiarã, unguresc, maghiar, limba ungarã, венгр, венгерский, mađarski, mađar, mađarski jezik, húngaro, ungrare, ชาวฮังการี, macarca, macar, угорська мова, угорка, угорський, угорець, người Hung-ga-ri tiếng Hung-ga-ri, for Hungarian;
Italianer, Italiaans, Italiaan, ‏شخص إيطالي, ‏اللغة الإيطالية, ‏الإيطالي, ‏إيطالي, Italianu, италиански език, италиански, италианец, Italyano, 意大利 , 意大利語 , 意大利语, italština, italský, ital, italiener, italienskt, italialainen, Italien, Italjaansk, italienisch, Ιταλός, italisht, איטלקי, איטלקית, olasz, Ítali, IodÚilis, italiano, 이탈리아, Iddaalish, Włoch, italianã, italienesc, italieneşte, italian, итальянский язык, итальянский, итальянец, Italia, italijanski, italijanski jezik, italijan, sí-Taliyáne, italienare, italiensk, italienska, เกี่ยวกับอิตาลี, ชาวอิตาลี, าษาอิตาลี, italyanca, italyan, італі"ць, італійська мова, італійський, італійка, for Italian;
korean, ‏كوري شمالي, ‏اللغة الكورية, ‏كوري جنوبي, ‏كوري, Coreanu, корейски, корейски език, Koryano, 韩国语, "國 , 朝鮮語 , korejský, korejec, korejština, Koreaans, koreanskt, coréen, Koreaansk, koreanisch, Koreaner, κορεάτησ, κορεάτικοσ, koreai, 한국, koreano, coréia, a língua coreana, coreean, limba coreeanã, кореец, корейский, Kolea, korejski jezik, korejski, koreanac, coreano, koreansk, ชาวเกาหลี, kore'li, кореянка, коре"ць, корейська мова, корейський, người Triều tiên tiếng Triều tiên, for korean;
Portugees, portugez, portugalisht, ‏اللغة البرتغالية, ‏البرتغالية, ‏البرتغالي, португалски език, португалски, португалец, Potuges, 葡萄牙语, 葡萄牙人 , 葡萄牙語 , portugalský, portugiser, portugisiskt, portugalilainen, portugais, Portugeesk, portugiesisch, πορτογάλοσ, ορτογάλος, portugál, Portaingéilis, portoghese, ポルトガル語 , ポルトガル", 포르투갈, Portiugish, Portiugagh, portugues, Portugalczyk, português, portughez, португальский, portugalski jezik, portugalski, portugalac, portugués, Mreno, si-Putúkezi, portugis, portekiz, Portekízlí, portekizli, portekizce, португальська мова, португальський, португалець, người B"-đ o-nha tiếng B"-đ o-nha, for Portuguese;
Russies, Rus, ‏الروسية, ‏روسي, ‏اللغة الروسية, Rusu, руски, руски език, руснак, Rusyan, 俄語 , 俄语, 俄文 , ruština, ruský, russer, russur, russiskt, venäläinen, Russysk, Russe, russisch, Ρώσος, רוסי, orosz, rússneskur, Rússi, Rúisis, russo, ロシア語 , ロシア", 러시아, Rooshish, Rooshagh, russisk, Rosjanin, русский, Lusia, ruski jezik, ruski, ruso, sí-Rashîya, ryss, ชาวรัสเซีย, rusça, росіянка, росіянин, російська мова, російський, người Nga tiếng Nga, for Russian;
塞爾維亞克羅地亞語 , 塞"维亚-克罗地亚语, serbokroatisch, 세르보크로아티아, servo-croata, sârbo-croat, srpsko-hrvatski, srpsko-hrvatski jezik, serbokroatiska, serbokroatisk, เกี่ยวกับ าษาเซอร์เบียและโครเอเชีย, าษาหลักของชาวเซอร์เบียและโครเอเชีย, for Serbo-Croatian;
Spaans, Spaanse taal, spanjoll, ‏اللغة الأسبانية, ‏الأسبانية, ‏أسباني, испански език, испански, espanyoles, Espanyol, 西班牙语, 西班牙文 , 西班牙語 , španìlský, španìlština, spanskt, espanjalainen, espagnol, Spaansk, spanisch, ισπανικά, ισπανικόσ, ισπανοί, karaiñe'êmegua, ספר"ית, ספר"י, spanyol, SpÚinnis, spagnolo, スペイン語 , スパイ罪 , スペイン", スパニッシュ , 스페인, Spaainagh, Spaainish, spañó, espanhol, espanhòl, spaniolesc, spanioleşte, spaniol, испанский, Sipaniolo, španski jezik, španski, español, spanska språk, spansk, ispanyollar, ispanyolca, ispanyol, іспанська мова, іспанський, for Spanish;
Sweeds, suedez, ‏اللغة السويدية, Suecu, шведски език, шведски, швед, Swedis, 瑞典語 , 瑞典语, švédský, švédština, Zweeds, svenskt, ruotsalainen, suédois, Sweedsk, schwedisch, σουηδικόσ, σουηδικά, svéd, sænskur, Sualainnis, svedese, スウェーデン語 , スウェーデン", 스웨덴, Soolynish, Soolynagh, suèc, шведский, švedski jezik, švedski, sueco, svensk, เกี่ยวกับคน าษาและวั'นธรรมของประเทศสวีเ"น, isveççe, isveç dili, isveç, Ísveçlí, шведська мова, шведський, người Thuỵ điển tiếng Thuỵ điển, for Swedish;
乌克兰, for Ukranian;
Vietnamees, vietnamez, vietnamisht, виетнамски език, виетнамски, Vietnamis, 越南語 , 越南 , 越南语, vietnamský, vietnamka, vietnamec, vietnamština, vietnameser, vjetmanskt, vietnamilainen, vietnamien, Fjetnameesk, vietnamese, vietnamesisch, Vietnamesin, 'ιετναμέζος, vietnami, vietnámi, ベトナ 人 , ベトナ じ", 트남, vietnamita, вьетнамский, vijetnamski jezik, vijetnamski, vijetnamac, vietnames, vietnam, vietnamlı, vietnam dili, в'"тнамець, в'"тнамський, người Việt nam tiếng Việt, for Vietnamese;