Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Definition: Above |
AboveAdjective1. Appearing earlier in the same text; "flaws in the above interpretation". Adverb1. At an earlier place; "see above". 2. In or to a place that is higher. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "above" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
Etymology: Above \A*bove"\, preposition [Old English above, aboven, abuffe, Anglo-Saxon abufon; an (or on) on + be by + ufan upward; compare to Gothic uf under. See Over.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Dream Interpretation | To see anything hanging above you, and about to fall, implies danger; if it falls upon you it may be ruin or sudden disappointment. If it falls near, but misses you, it is a sign that you will have a narrow escape from loss of money, or other misfortunes may follow. Should it be securely fixed above you, so as not to imply danger, your condition will improve after threatened loss. Source: Ten Thousand Dreams Interpreted .... |
Literature | Above properly applies only to matter on the same page, but has been extended to any previous part of the book, as See above, p. *. Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Tips from 1870 | Usage: Above, Foregoing. "Let me call your attention to the above passage." The highest authority does not sanction the use of above as an adjective. Say "the foregoing passage." Usage: Above, More than, Preceding. "It is above a week since I heard from my brother." We may say "above the earth," "above the housetops," but in the preceding sentence it is better to say, "It is more than a week since I heard from my brother." "In the above paragraph he quotes from Horace." Say, "In the preceding or foregoing paragraph," etc. The awkwardness of the use of the word above becomes very apparent when the line in which it occurs is found at the top of a page, and the passage to which reference is made appears at the bottom of the previous page. Source: Slips of Speech. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| ABV | English | Above | Transportation |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: AboveSynonyms: higher up (adv), in a higher place (adv), supra (adv), to a higher place (adv). (additional references) |
| Antonym: below (adv). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Height | Adverb: on high, high up, aloft, up, above, aloof, overhead; airwind; upstairs, abovestairs; in the clouds; on tiptoe, on stilts, on the shoulders of; over head and ears; breast high. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Above |
| English words defined with "above": above all ♦ head and shoulders above ♦ Over and above. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "above": height above touchdown ♦ level above threshold ♦ Over and Above ♦ Up above. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "above": Transhumanize. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | How'd you get the beans above the frank (There's Something About Mary; writing credit: Ed Decter; John J. Strauss) Start using your head. That's the lump that's three feet above your ass (A League of Their Own; writing credit: Kim Wilson; Kelly Candaele) that lump three feet above your ass. (A League of Their Own; writing credit: Lowell Ganz and Babaloo Mandel) Love above all. Nonot the artful postures of love, not playful and poetical games of love for the amusement of an evening, but love thatover-throws life (Shakespeare in Love; writing credit: Marc Norman; Tom Stoppard) And he was feckless! And he was hopeless! And he was a fool! But above all, Losberne, he was irresponsible (Oliver Twist; writing credit: Alan Bleasdale; Charles Dickens) | |
Lyrics | We're flying above the clouds, I can see happiness from here (Above The Clouds; performing artist: Amber) Doin' everything yo just to survive Above the law, I take our stand (Get Ready For This; performing artist: 2 Unlimited) Sweeeet Laaaady, place no one above ya (Dear Mama; performing artist: 2Pac) Heavens above (The Look Of Love; performing artist: ABC) Under stars twinkling high above (So Much In Love; performing artist: All-4-One) | |
Clever | People who value their privileges above their principles soon lose both. (references; author: unknown) To succeed in politics, it is often necessary to rise above your principles. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Above the Law (2000) 28¡ Above Below (1973) Man Above Men (1973) Above the Horizon (1964) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
| ||
Periodicals |
| ||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
High Tech |
| ||
Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
Adult white woman is performing breast self-examination (BSE). The woman is nude from the waist up, head is included in the photo. Her left arm is raised above her head and she is examining her left breast with right hand. Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer). | From an overhead angle, 2 pieces of red meat are shown with a knife on a cutting board, sitting on a white tile counter. Above the image, red lettering reads: "Choose lean meats, trim extra fats, avoid adding fat in cooking". Shot on 4x5 format. This was used in the 1989 calendar "Eat for Good Health" February 1989. See artwork: PV-19. Credit: Bill Branson (photographer). | ||
Aorta has been removed to show thickened, fused aortic valve leaflets and opened coronary arteries from above. Autopsy. Credit: CDC. | Left atrium has been opened to show thickened mitral valve leaflets from above. Autopsy. Credit: CDC. | ||
![]() | Schmitt with Flag and Earth Above. Credit: NASA. | ![]() | Lightning Above the STS-8 Launch Pad. Credit: NASA. |
Frosty white water ice clouds and swirling orange dust storms above a vivid rusty landscape ... Credit: NASA. | This image shows Jupiter's volcanic moon Io passing above the turbulent clouds of the giant ... Credit: NASA. | ||
![]() | Photopolarimeter-radiometer (PPR) thermal map of Ganymede's surface. Compare to the SSI image release on 08/16/96 (above) which shows nearly the same view. (The PPR map is rotated about 30 degrees to the west of the SSI image.) (Released 09/25/96). Credit: NASA. | ![]() | New volcanic plume extending above Io's surface. Credit: NASA. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
![]() | ![]() |
| "Above the Clouds 1" by Ferdinand Decena Commentary: "The peak at the 2nd highest mountain in the Philippines. ." | "Airplane above white clouds" by Visnja Zeljeznjak Commentary: "Take a look from the inside of an airplane. You can see part of the motor and beautiful, cotton-like white clouds on a blue sky. ." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Play | Caption |
| Arpeggiated synthesized chords with a flute-like melody above. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Buddha | There has to be evil so that good can prove its purity above it. |
Eugene Ionesco | A work of art is above all an adventure of the mind. |
Francois Rochefoucauld | Narrow minds think nothing right that is above their own capacity. |
Guillaume Apollinaire | Artists are, above all, men who want to become inhuman. |
Henri Frederic Amiel | Truth above all, even when it upsets and overwhelms us! |
Henry David Thoreau | Aim above morality. Be not simply good, be good for something. |
Ralph Waldo Emerson | We aim above the mark to hit the mark. |
Sir Edward Coke | Common law is above Parliament and the King. |
William Shakespeare | A peace above all earthly dignities, a still and quiet conscience. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Magna Carta | 1215 | Given under our hand - the above named and many others being witnesses - in the meadow which is called Runnymede, between Windsor and Staines, on the fifteenth day of June, in the seventeenth year of our reign. (reference) |
John Locke | 1690 | Betwixt subject and subject, they will grant, there must be measures, laws and judges, for their mutual peace and security: but as for the ruler, he ought to be absolute, and is above all such circumstances; because he has power to do more hurt and wrong, it is right when he does it. (Second Treatise of Government) |
Communist Manifesto | 1848 | What the bourgeoisie, therefore, produces, above all, is its own grave-diggers. (reference) |
The Emancipation Proclamation | 1862 | Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-In-Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for supressing said rebellion, do, on this 1st day of January, A.D. 1863, and in accordance with my purpose so to do, publicly proclaimed for the full period of one hundred days from the first day above mentioned, order and designate as the States and parts of States wherein the people thereof, respectively, are this day in rebellion against the United States the following, to wit: Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana (except the parishes of St. Bernard, Palquemines, Jefferson, St. John, St. Charles, St. James, Ascension, Assumption, Terrebone, Lafourche, St. Mary, St. Martin, and Orleans, including the city of New Orleans), Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia (except the forty-eight counties designated as West Virginia, and also the counties of Berkeley, Accomac, Northhampton, Elizabeth City, York, Princess Anne, and Norfolk, including the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth), and which excepted parts are for the present left precisely as if this proclamation were not issued. (Abraham Lincoln) |
Abraham Lincoln | 1863 | The brave men, living and dead who struggled here have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. (The Gettysburg Address) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | Each of these divisions will be constituted as above. (reference) |
Winston S. Churchill | 1946 | Above all, we welcome constant, frequent and growing contacts between the Russian people and our own people on both sides of the Atlantic. ("Iron Curtain" Speech) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | The style of the letter was much above her expectation |
Sylvie and Bruno Concluded | Carroll, Lewis | Large tanks of water are placed above. |
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy | Douglas Adams | This above all appeared to Trillian to be genuinely stupid, but she could no longer be bothered to argue about it. |
Scarlet Letter | Hawthorne, Nathaniel | Breathe not the secret, above all, to the man thou wottest of. |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | The Spanish convent is dismal above all the rest |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | The colonnade above him made him think vaguely of an ancient temple and the ashplant on which he leaned wearily of the curved stick of an augur |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | Pa placed another twig an inch above the water and settled back to watch |
Gulliver's Travels | Swift, Jonathan | She drank out of a golden cup, above a hogshead at a draught |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | They were not time subtracted from my life, but so much over and above my usual allowance |
Julius Caesar | William Shakespeare | ' and let slip the dogs of war, That this foul deed shall smell above the earth With carrion men, groaning for burial |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Each gland is located above a kidney. (references) | |
Only the above questions were addressed. (references) | ||
Fluids should be taken as described above. (references) | ||
Business | Diesel engine sales are growing above average. (references) | |
Marketing requirements are the same as outlined above. (references) | ||
As explained above, these technologies are new to Argentina. (references) | ||
Children | Peru | Children living in poverty average only 4.5 years of education compared to 9.3 years for children living above the poverty line. (references) |
Peru | Only 1.2 percent of children living in extreme poverty attain university-level education, compared with 25.6 percent of children who live above the poverty line. (references) | |
Eritrea | However, education above grade seven is neither free nor compulsory, and while the situation has improved, there is a shortage of schools and teachers at all levels. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Zimbabwe | She was injured above her right eye, and her left hand was fractured. (references) |
Jordan | Division-level commanders and above are required to lead Islamic prayer for certain occasions. (references) | |
Iceland | All citizens 16 years of age and above must pay a church tax of approximately $5.50 (554.24 krona) per month. (references) | |
Economic History | Eritrea | Suffrage: Universal, age 18 and above. (references) |
Vanuatu | Above this division is red, below is forest green. (references) | |
Bulgaria | Note: The above estimates are unofficial estimates. (references) | |
Human Rights | Malaysia | Male criminals age 50 and above and women are exempted from caning. (references) |
Colombia | Both FARC and paramilitaries are present in the mountains above this community. (references) | |
Guyana | Witnesses said that an unarmed and groggy Stanton unlocked the door and had his hands raised above his head. (references) | |
Minorities | Pakistan | Today many are unable to rise above mid-level ranks. (references) |
Madagascar | A long history of military conquest and political consolidation raised the political and economic status of highland ethnic groups of Asian origin above that of coastal groups of African ancestry. (references) | |
Political Economy | CZECH REPUBLIC | Conditions in sectors with U.S. investment do not differ from those outlined above. (references) |
Political Rights | Czech Republic | Citizens above the age of 18 are eligible to vote by secret ballot in national, regional, and local elections. (references) |
Bhutan | The King is to select nominees for cabinet office from among senior government officials holding the rank of secretary or above. (references) | |
Samoa | While all citizens above the age of 21 may vote, the right to run for 47 of the 49 seats in the Legislative Assembly remains the prerogative of the approximately 25,000 matai, 95 percent of whom are men. (references) | |
Trade | Senegal | See also " Import Licenses" above. (references) |
Bahrain | None, other than provisions identified above. (references) | |
Thailand | The same time frame as the above case is allowed. (references) | |
Travel | Denmark | The Port of Copenhagen includes a free port (see above). (references) |
Denmark | Housing costs are well above those in major American cities. (references) | |
Cyprus | Businessmen should avoid making appointments on the above dates. (references) | |
Women | Switzerland | A federal marriage law provides that in the event of a divorce, assets accumulated during the marriage will be divided equally; however, the Supreme Court ruled that the primary wage earner must be left with sufficient income to remain above the poverty level. (references) |
Worker Rights | Botswana | Formal sector jobs almost always pay well above minimum wage levels. (references) |
Mexico | The workers won a 10.2 percent raise, above the country's inflation rate. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | SAFETY-:CLUTCH:, n. A mechanical device acting automatically to prevent the fall of an elevator, or cage, in case of an accident to the hoisting apparatus. Once I seen a human ruin In an elevator-well, And his members was bestrewin' All the place where he had fell. And I says, apostrophisin' That uncommon woful wreck: "Your position's so surprisin' That I tremble for your neck!" Then that ruin, smilin' sadly And impressive, up and spoke: "Well, I wouldn't tremble badly, For it's been a fortnight broke." Then, for further comprehension Of his attitude, he begs I will focus my attention On his various arms and legs -- How they all are contumacious; Where they each, respective, lie; How one trotter proves ungracious, T'other one an alibi. These particulars is mentioned For to show his dismal state, Which I wasn't first intentioned To specifical relate. None is worser to be dreaded That I ever have heard tell Than the gent's who there was spreaded In that elevator-well. Now this tale is allegoric -- It is figurative all, For the well is metaphoric And the feller didn't fall. I opine it isn't moral For a writer-man to cheat, And despise to wear a laurel As was gotten by deceit. For 'tis Politics intended By the elevator, mind, It will boost a person splendid If his talent is the kind. Col. Bryan had the talent (For the busted man is him) And it shot him up right gallant Till his head begun to swim. Then the rope it broke above him And he painful come to earth Where there's nobody to love him For his detrimented worth. Though he's livin' none would know him, Or at leastwise not as such. Moral of this woful poem: Frequent oil your safety-clutch. Porfer Poog |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Paul Burrell | It's unusual place. It's a world by itself. It has its own rules and regulations and upstairs-downstairs relations. Life below stairs is just as complicated as life above. |
Prince Albert of Monaco | I would compare it to California. We do have snow up in the mountains above and it has snowed in Monaco, but very infrequently. |
Robert Novak | But Dr. Lindsey, let's be candid. There are people on both sides of the aisle on Capitol Hill, in Congress, who have taken this war as an opportunity to really open the floodgates on spending, raising appropriations far above your proposal. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
James Monroe | 1817-1825 | From the view above presented it is manifest that the situation of the United States is in the highest degree prosperous and happy. |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | But above all, its most important effect will be found in its influence upon the character of the Government by confining its action to those objects which will be sure to secure to it the attachment and support of our fellow citizens. |
Abraham Lincoln | 1861-1865 | The brave men, living and dead who struggled here have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. |
Harry S. Truman | 1945-1953 | Above all else, our people desire, and are determined to work for, peace on earth--a just and lasting peace--based on genuine agreement freely arrived at by equals. |
Dwight Eisenhower | 1953-1961 | A people that values its privileges above its principles soon loses both. |
John F. Kennedy | 1961-1963 | Trade Above all, if we are to pay for our commitments abroad, we must expand our exports. |
Lyndon B. Johnson | 1963-1969 | Our aim is not only to relieve the symptom of poverty, but to cure it and, above all, to prevent it. |
Richard Nixon | 1969-1974 | There is one cause above all to which I have been devoted and to which I shall always be devoted for as long as I live. |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | As noted above, some of the actions I took last year were for the purpose of providing relief from the cost-price squeeze facing farmers. |
George W. Bush | 2001-2005 | We are bound by ideals that move us beyond our backgrounds, lift us above our interests and teach us what it means to be citizens. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Above" is generally used as a preposition (except "of") -- approximately 51.30% of the time. "Above" is used about 25,098 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Preposition (except "of") | 51.3% | 12,875 | 718 |
| Adverb (general) | 41.42% | 10,397 | 896 |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 7.28% | 1,826 | 4,649 |
| Total | 100.00% | 25,098 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "above": a notch above ♦ above all ♦ above all Greek above all Roman fame ♦ above all things ♦ above an age ♦ above and beyond ♦ above average ♦ above board ♦ above freezing point ♦ above ground ♦ above ground detector ♦ above it ♦ above mentioned ♦ above mountains ♦ above oneself ♦ Above par ♦ above price ♦ above reproach ♦ above sea level ♦ above see level ♦ above suspicion ♦ above that ♦ above the ordinary ♦ Above the salt ♦ above water ♦ an order from above ♦ as above ♦ as mentioned above ♦ as stated above ♦ Bail above ♦ be a notch above the others ♦ be above ♦ cold front above surface ♦ cut above the rest ♦ data above voice ♦ far above the trees ♦ from above ♦ from above the top downwards ♦ get above ♦ get above oneself ♦ head and shoulders above ♦ height above sea level ♦ height above touchdown ♦ hold one's head above water ♦ it is way above my head ♦ it's above him ♦ keep one's head above water ♦ lie above ♦ members above the gangway ♦ one above the other ♦ over and above ♦ over and above that ♦ rank above ♦ rise above ♦ set above ♦ set above others ♦ stand above ♦ talk above smb.'s head ♦ the above ♦ the above examples ♦ the courts above ♦ To keep one's head above water ♦ tower above ♦ tower above one's contemporaries ♦ up above ♦ warm front above the surface ♦ Within the above restrictions the distribution of this document is. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "above": above-all, above-and-beyond, above-average, above-averagely, above-board, above-board-well, above-boot, Above-cited, above-discussed, above-equilibrium, above-ground, above-ground level, above-indicated, above-inflation, above-it-all, above-listed, Above-mentioned, above-name, Above-named, above-named person, above-normal, above-noted, above-numbered, above-party, above-plan, above-quoted, above-stairs, above-stated, above-the-line, above-the-ruck, above-the-water, above-window. | |
Ending with "above": reasonable-above, well-above. | |
Containing "above": image-above-all-else, well-above-average. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "above"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | oor (about, after, behind, concerning, ear, more, more than, on, over, upon), hierbo, bogenoemd (above-mentioned), bo (on top, over, overhead, upstairs). (various references) | |
Albanian | veç e lart, sipër (aloft, over, overhead, supra, topside, up, upstair, upstairs), përtej (across, athwart, below, beyond, over, past, trans, up), në veri të, mbi (aboard, across, beyond, on, onto, over, up), më tepër (besides, further, rather), më përpara (before, beforehand, earlier, erenow, first, prior to), lart (aloft, high, overhead, up, upstairs, upward, upwards), jashtë (beyond, cross-country, forth, off side, out, outboard, outdoors, out-of-door, outside, outward, outwards, oversea, without), i mësipërm, i lartpërmendur (above mentioned, aforecited, aforementioned, aforenamed, aforesaid). (various references) | |
Arabic | فوق (across, atop, before, on, on top of, onto, over, overhead, up, upon, upstairs), اسمى من (higher), أعلى (chief, maximal, maximum, paramount, super, superior, supreme, terminal, top, topmost, upmost, upper, uttermost), آنفا. (various references) | |
Basque | gainean (on), gain (on). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | свръх (excess, over and above, past), споменат по горе, горен (over, overhead, right, upper), горе (aloft, overhead, supra, up, upstairs), отгоре на (atop), отгоре (from above, over, overhead, superiorly), нагоре (aloft, up, uphill, upstairs), над (beyond, over, past, upward of, with), по-рано от, по-горе (supra, thereinbefore, upstairs), повече от (over, past, upward of), по-високо от, по-назад от. (various references) | |
Catalan | sincer (above-board, honest, upright). (various references) | |
Chinese | 在﹍之上 (upon), 之上 , 前頭 (ahead, at the head, in front), 以上 (more than, over, the above-mentioned), 上面, 上頭 (on the surface of, on top of), 上 (first, higher, on, on top, previous, previous or last, to climb, to go into, to go up, upon, upper). (various references) | |
Czech | přes (across, beyond, by, despite, in spite of, notwithstanding, over, past, through, via), nad (beyond, hyper-, in excess of, outside, over, past, upon). (various references) | |
Danish | oven (on top, overhead, upstairs). (various references) | |
Dutch | ten noorden van, benoorden. (various references) | |
Esperanto | suprestaranta, supren (up, uphill, upwards), supre nomita (above-mentioned), supre menciita (above-mentioned), supre (on top, overhead, upstairs), super (over), pli ol (more than, over), norde de, ĉisupre. (various references) | |
Faeroese | yvir (over), uppi (on top, overhead, upstairs), upp (up, uphill, upwards). (various references) | |
Farsi | مذکوردرفوق , مافوق (Dominant, Overlord, Superior, Trancscendent, Ultra, Upmost), نام برده , واقع دربالا, سابق الذکر, دربالا (Atop, Over), بالای سر (Over), بالای (In, On, Over, Up), بالاتر (About, Senior, Superior, Upper), برتر (Dominant, Excelsior, Paramount, Preferable, Premier(Re), Preponderant, Prevalent, Superior). (various references) | |
Finnish | yli (more than, over), yläpuolella (on top, overhead, upstairs). (various references) | |
French | en haut, au-dessus de, sur, dessus, au-dessus. (various references) | |
Frisian | noard fan, benoarden. (various references) | |
German | über (about, across, at, beyond, by, concerning, dabout, excess, for, of, on, on the other side of, over, past, sur, up above, upon, upward of, via), oberhalb (over, upside), obige (foregoing), oben (ahead, at the head, at the top, at the top of, on the surface, on top, overhead, supra, top, up, up here, up north, up there, upstairs, upstream), darüber (about that, above that, across there, in the meantime, on top, over, over it, over that, over there, thereon, thereupon). (various references) | |
Greek | πάνω από (over), άνω (up, upper). (various references) | |
Hebrew | ממעל (aloft, overhead, upon, upward, upwards), מעל (atop, deception, embezzlement, fraud, on, on top of, supra, treachery, upward of), למעלה (aloft, before, beyond, on top, supra, up, up ward, upward, upwards), לעיל (above mentioned, aforesaid, preceding, supra), על (about, by, height, on, onto, to, toward, towards, unto, upon). (various references) | |
Hungarian | több mint (in excess of, more than, upwards of), fent említett (above mentioned, above-mentioned, afore-cited, aforementioned, afore-mentioned, aforesaid, said), fent (high, up), felett (beyond, over, to lose one's hold over sg, to prevail over sy), felül (high, over, overhead, to get on, to mount, uppermost, upwards), fölé (over, to canopy, to project over sg). (various references) | |
Icelandic | yfir (over). (various references) | |
Indonesian | kelewat (excessive, over, passed by, surpassed, too), di atas (aloft, on, upon). (various references) | |
Irish | lastuas (on top, overhead, upstairs). (various references) | |
Italian | sopra (across, at the top, atop, hyper, o'er, of, on, on to, on top, on top of, over, top, up, upon, via), di sopra (on top, over, overhead, upside, upstairs). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 直上 (going steadily upward), 前記 (above-mentioned, aforesaid, said), 以上 (and up, as long as, beyond, exceeding, greater than, more than, over, since, the above-mentioned, the end, this is all), 上 (on top of, over, up, upper part), 上 (a superior, aboard a ship or vehicle, after, as a matter of, as far as ... is concerned, authority, besides, best, emperor, far better, first volume, from the standpoint of, going up, government, governmental, head, high class, higher, imperial, influence of, lord, my dear, on top of, outer, over, presenting, shogun, showing, sovereign, summit, superior, superior quality, surface, the above, top, up, upon, upper, upper part, upper part of the body, upper stream, upward). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ぜんき (above-mentioned, aforesaid, early period, first half year, first term, preceding period, said), うえ (after, as far as ... is concerned, authority, besides, emperor, far better, higher, hunger, influence of, lord, my dear, on top of, over, shogun, sovereign, starvation, summit, superior, surface, up, upon, upper part), いじょう (aberration, abnormality, accident, and up, as long as, assignment, beyond, change, disorder, enclosure, exceeding, greater than, more than, over, since, something wrong, strangeness, surrounding, the above-mentioned, the end, this is all, transfer, transferring to), ちょくじょう (frankness, going steadily upward, imperial message, impulsiveness). (various references) | |
Korean | 의 위. (various references) | |
Malay | jujur (above-board, honest, upright). (various references) | |
Manx | ny syrjey na, ny smoo na, ny shlee na, heose (aloft), harrish (across, beyond, bygone, over, over him, trans), erskyn (additionally, aloft, over, ultra), cheu heose jeh. (various references) | |
Norwegian | over (about, concerning, on, over, upon), ovenpå (on top, overhead, upstairs), oppe (on top, overhead, upstairs). (various references) | |
Occitan | sus (on). (various references) | |
Papiamen | ariba (on, on top, over, overhead, up, uphill, upon, upstairs, upwards). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | aboveay.(various references) | |
Polish | w górę (up, uphill, upwards), u góry (on top, overhead, upstairs), na górze (on top, overhead, upstairs), do góry (up, uphill, upwards). (various references) | |
Portuguese | acima (on top, over, overhead, top, up, upstairs, upward), sobre (about, across, at par, atop, of, on, on top of, over, over-, super, to, up, upon), por cima (over, overhead, upward), além (after-life, beyond, further, further on, over there, past, straight past, there, upward, yet, yon, yonder). (various references) | |
Romanian | peste (across, after, beyond, over, through, upwards of), deasupra (across, over, overhead). (various references) | |
Russian | выше (before, herein, hereinabove, superiorly, thereover, up), наверху (aloft, atop, atop of, on top, overhead, up, upstairs), наверх (up, upwards), над (over). (various references) | |
Scottish | ar (before num. as : ar fhichead, etc., methinks : ar leis, our, our; precedes nouns beginning with con., seems), uthard, suas (up, uphill, upwards), os (an elk, in the phrs. : os cionn, over, overhead : os àird, publicly, quoth), cionn (because, overhead : a chionn). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | više od (upward of), više (longer, more, over, plus, rather, several, upward), povrh (atop of, top: on top of), nad (over), iznad (beyond, over, up above, upward), gornji (over, overhead, supernal, top, upper), gore (aloft, atop, overhead, supra, up, upstairs, worse). (various references) | |
Spanish | arriba (aloft, forward, halt, on top, over, overhead, up, up along, upstair, upstairs), sobre (about, atop, concerning, envelope, o'er, on, on top of, onto, packet, upon), encima de (atop, besides, in addition to, on, on top of, onto, over, over and above, up, upon). (various references) | |
Swahili | juu (about, on top, overhead, upstairs). (various references) | |
Swedish | upptill (at the top, on top, overhead, upstairs), uppe (on top, overhead, up, upstairs), ovanför (over), ovan (inexpert, over, unaccustomed, unused, unusual), över (about, across, after, beyond, concerning, of, on, over, past, through, throughout, upon, via). (various references) | |
Tagalog | sa itaás (on top, overhead, upstairs), sa ibábaw (on, on top, over, overhead, upon, upstairs). (various references) | |
Thai | ใช้จ่ายอย่างอิสระเกินไป (live above one's income, live above one's means), เอาชนะ (best, drub, mop up, rise above), พยายามพยุงไว้ให้อยู่เหนือ (keep above), ทำให้มีพฤติกรรมดี / สูงส่งกว่า (rise above), วางไว้ข้างบน (set above), ลอยสูงขึ้นเหนือ (rise above), ป้องกันความล้มเหลว (keep above), จัดว่าสำคัญกว่า (set above). (various references) | |
Turkish | yukarıdaki (above mentioned, foregoing), yukarıda olan şey, yukarıda (afore, aloft, hereinabove, overhead, supra, upstairs), yüksek (acro-, buoyant, Clarion, elevated, exalted, high, highrise, hyper-, lofty, loud, over, penetrating, penetrative, spheric, stately, superior, tall), sözü geçen (bossy, ditto, influential, mentioned), daha çok (more, out, supra-), cennette, üzerine (onto, over, upon), üzerinde (on, over, super-, upon), üstünde (about, atop, atop of, on, over, super-, supra-, sur-, whereon), üstün (ascendant, ascendent, atop, atop of, choice, distingue, excellent, extra, golden, high, hyper-, over, predominant, pre-eminencent, preponderant, super, super-, super-duty, superior, supra-, transcendent, unsurpassed, up), öte (beyond, further, meta-, over, trans-), önce (afore, ago, ante, ante-, back, before, early, ere, first, firstly, in advance, pre-, prior, prior to, pro-). (various references) | |
Turkmen | яorkaryk, яokary (on top, tall), яokarsyna, яokarlygyna (over the top), daюgyn (beyond). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | нагору (aloft, over), понад (aloft, beyond, o'er, over, past), більш як, згаданий вище, над (aloft, atop, beyond, o'er, on, over), написаний вище, поза (attitude, beyond, outside, plant, playacting, pose, position, posture, stance), нагорі (atop, over, overhead, up, uppermost, upstairs), розташованиий вище, вище (beyond, higher, o'er, over, supra, up), вищезазначене, вищезгадане (above mentioned), вгорі, вгору (aloft, uphill, upstairs), раніше (afore, aforetime, already, antecedently, anteriorly, before, before now, earlier on, erst, erstwhile, fore, formerly, in the past, previous to, previously, prior to, sooner, supra), наверх. (various references) | |
Vietnamese | trên đầu, nói trên (above-mentioned), kể trên (above-mentioned, last-named), hơn (ahead, more, preferably), ở trên, điều nói trên, điều kể trên, $the above$ cái ở trên. (various references) | |
Welsh | uwchlaw, uwch (higher, over), uchod, goruwch (over), fry (aloft). (various references) | |
Xhosa | phesheya. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Sumerian | 3100 BCE-2500 BCE | an-ta. (various references) |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | super. (various references) |
| Avestan | 200-600 | aiwi, tarasca, upairi, us, us-. (various references) |
| Old English | 450-1100 | onuppan. (various references) |
| Old French | 900-1400 | sur-, sus. (various references) |
| Anglo-French | 1100-1600 | paramont. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Luke Chapter 3, Verse 20 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Proseqhken kai touto epi pasin kai katekleisen ton iwannhn en th fulakh |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Adiecit et hoc supra omnia et inclusit Iohannem in carcere |
| Old English | 990 | West Saxon | And of er eall þæt geicte þæt he beclysde iohannem on cwearterne; |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | Encreside this ouer alle, and schitte Joon in prisoun. |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | Added this above all and leyd Iohn in preson. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | Added yet this above all, that he shut up John in prison. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | Added yet this above all, that he shut up John in prison. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | Did this most evil thing of all, and had John shut up in prison. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Luke Chapter 3, Verse 20 |
| Cebuano | Midugang pa niini sa tanan, nga maa ang iyang pagbanlud kang Juan sa bilanggoan. |
| Chinese | 又 另 外 添 了 一 件 、 就 是 把 約 翰 收 在 監 裡 。 |
| Croatian | Svemu tome nadoda Herod još i ovo: zatvori Ivana u tamnicu. |
| Danish | så føjede han til alt det øvrige også dette, at han kastede Johannes i Fængsel. |
| Dutch | Zo heeft hij ook dit nog boven alles daar toegedaan, dat hij Johannes in de gevangenis gesloten heeft. |
| Finnish | niin hän kaiken muun lisäksi teki senkin, että sulki Johanneksen vankeuteen. |
| French | ajouta encore à toutes les autres celle d`enfermer Jean dans la prison. |
| German | legte er über das alles Johannes gefangen. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Tetapi Herodes malah menambah kejahatan-kejahatannya dengan memasukkan Yohanes ke dalam penjara. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | maka ditambahinya pula sekalian ini dengan menutup Yahya di dalam penjara. |
| Italian | aggiunse alle altre anche questa: fece rinchiudere Giovanni in prigione. |
| Korean | 이 위 에 한 가 지 악 을 더 하 여 요 한 을 옥 에 가 두 니 라 |
| Latvian | Visam tam pievienoja vçl to, ka ieslodzîja Jâni cietumâ. |
| Manx Gaelic | Ren eh shoh marish y chooid elley, dy dug eh Ean ayns pryssoon. |
| Maori | Ka apititia atu e Herora tenei ki runga i era katoa, tutakina ana e ia a Hoani ki te whare herehere. |
| Norwegian | han la også dette til alt det andre, at han kastet Johannes i fengsel. |
| Portuguese | acrescentou a todas elas ainda esta, a de encerrar João no cárcere. |
| Rumanian | a mai adqugat la toate celelalte rele wi pe acela cq a knchis pe Ioan kn temniyq. |
| Shuar | Tura Erutis Núnaka ántutsuk Chíkich yajauchin Túramiayi. Juánkan achik sepunam enkeamiayi. |
| Swahili | Kisha Herode akazidisha ubaya wake kwa kumtia Yohane gerezani. |
| Swedish | lade Herodes till allt annat också det att han inspärrade Johannes i fängelse. |
| Uma | Jadi', kana'epe-na Herodes pekamaro Yohanes toe, uma-di nabalii' gau' -na to dada'a, nadonihii lau-di: nahoko' lau-imi Yohanes pai' -i natarungku'. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "above": aboveboard, aboveground, aboves. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "above": hereinabove. (additional references) | |
| |
"Above" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Abebe, abef, abev, ablove, abobe, aboe, Aboff, abose, aboue, aboved, aboven, abovo, abower, abue, abuke, Abune, abv, acove, adove, afoe, ahove, anof, anov, anove, apove, Arova, arove, asove, avobet, avoe, Avovi, Babkov, Bavoyeu, bova, bove, Darboven, Eboe, iboe, Jabavu, ubove. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-b-e-o-v" | |
-2 letters: abo, ave, avo, boa, obe, ova, voe. | |
-3 letters: ab, ae, ba, be, bo, oe. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-b-e-o-v" | |
+1 letter: aboves. | |
+2 letters: absolve, bravoed, bravoes, lovable, movable, obovate, obviate, vocable, votable. | |
+3 letters: abortive, absolved, absolver, absolves, avowable, behavior, bevatron, bloviate, evocable, lavaboes, loveable, loveably, movables, moveable, moveably, obviable, obviated, obviates, outbrave, overable, overbake, overbear, overbeat, provable, solvable, subovate, violable, vocables, voidable, voteable. | |
+4 letters: absolvers, avoidable, behaviors, behaviour, bevatrons, biconcave, bioactive, bloviated, bloviates, bolivares, boulevard, bravadoes, combative, coverable, covetable, evolvable, favorable, immovable, moveables, nonverbal, nonviable, observant, outbraved, outbraves, overbaked, overbakes, overbears, overbeats, overboard, overbroad, overlabor, pivotable, probative, removable, removably, revocable, revokable, riverboat, unlovable, unmovable. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Sounds 10. Quotations: Familiar 11. Quotations: Historic 12. Quotations: Fiction | 13. Quotations: Non-fiction 14. Quotations: Spoken 15. Quotations: Speeches 16. Usage Frequency | 17. Expressions 18. Expressions: Internet 19. Translations: Modern 20. Translations: Ancient | 21. Bible Trace 22. Abbreviations 23. Acronyms 24. Derivations | 25. Anagrams 26. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.