XANTHINE OXIDASE

Domain	Definition
Health	An iron-molybdenum flavoprotein containing FAD that oxidizes hypoxanthine, some other purines and pterins, and aldehydes. Deficiency of the enzyme, an autosomal recessive trait, causes xanthinuria. EC 1.1.3.22. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Specialty Definition: Xanthine oxidase

The enzyme xanthine oxidase, or XO, (bovine milk enzyme is PDB 1FIQ, E.C. 1.1.3.22) catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and can further catalyze the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid:

hypoxanthine + O₂ <-> xanthine + H₂O₂
xanthine + O₂ + 2H₂O <-> uric acid + 2H₂O₂

The protein is large, having a molecular weight of 270,000, and has 2 flavin molecules (bound as FAD), 2 molybdenum atoms, and 8 iron atoms bound per enzymatic unit.

In humans, xanthine oxidase is normally found in the liver and not free in the blood. During severe liver damage, xanthine oxidase is released into the blood, so a blood assay for XO is a way to determine if liver damage has happened. As well, because xanthine oxidase is a metabolic pathway for uric acid formation, the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol is used in the treatment of gout.

Frequency of Internet Keywords: XANTHINE OXIDASE

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.

Anagrams: XANTHINE OXIDASE

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "a-a-d-e-e-h-i-i-n-n-o-s-t-x-x"
	-4 letters: indexations.
	-5 letters: anhedonias, ethionines, indexation.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.