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Withhold

Definitions: Withhold

Withhold

Verb

1. Hold back; refuse to hand over or share; "The father is withholding the allowance until the son cleans his room".

2. Retain and refrain from disbursing; of payments; "My employer is withholding taxes".

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "withhold" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references)

Note: Withhold \With*hold"\, transitive verb. [Imperative Withheld; present participle Withheld, Obsolete or Archaic Withholden; present participle verb or noun Withholding.]. (Websters 1913)


Synonyms: Withhold

Synonyms: deduct (v), keep back (v), recoup (v). (additional references)

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Synonyms within Context: Withhold

ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

Concealment

Keep from; keep back, keep to oneself; keep snug, keep close, keep secret, keep dark; bury; sink, suppress; keep from, keep from out of view, keep from out of sight; keep in the shade, throw into the shade, throw into background; stifle, hush up, smother, withhold, reserve; fence with a question; ignore.

Parsimony

Verb: be parsimonious; Adjective: grudge, begrudge, stint, pinch, gripe, screw, dole out, hold back, withhold, starve, famish, live upon nothing, skin a flint.

Prohibition

Keep in, keep within bounds; restrain; cohibit, withhold, limit, circumscribe, clip the wings of, restrict; interdict, taboo; put under an interdiction, place under an interdiction; put under the ban, place under the ban; proscribe; exclude, shut out; shut the door, bolt the door, show the door; warn off; dash the cup from one's lips; forbid the banns.

Refusal

Verb: refuse, reject, deny, decline, turn down; nill, negative; refuse one's assent, withhold one's assent; shake the head; close the hand, close the purse; grudge, begrudge, be slow to, hang fire; pass.

Restraint

Verb: restrain, check; put under restraint, lay under restraint; enthral, enthrall, inthral, inthrall, bethral, bethrall; restrict; debar; (hinder); constrain; coerce; (compel); curb, control; hold back, hold from, hold in, hold in check, hold within bounds, keep back, keep from, keep in, keep in check, keep within bounds; hold in leash, hold in leading strings; withhold.

Retention

Secure, withhold, detain; hold back, keep back; keep close; husband; (store); reserve; have in stock, have on hand, keep in stock; (possess); entail, tie up, settle.

Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: Withhold

English words defined with "withhold": Deforce, disapproval, disfavor, disfavour, dislike, dissentequivocatekeep to oneselfpalter, Power of the keys, prevaricatetergiversate, To keep backUnpraiseWithheld, Withholden. (references)

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Modern Usage: Withhold

DomainUsage

Clever

Never Withhold Herpes Infection from Loved One (references; author: unknown)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Familiar Quotations: Withhold

AuthorQuotation

Hannah More

So weak is man -- so ignorant and blind, that did not God sometimes withhold in mercy what we ask, we should be ruined at our own request.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Historic Usage: Withhold

AuthorDateQuotation

Marbury v. Madison

1803

To withhold his commission, therefore, is an act deemed by the court not warranted by law, but violative of a vested legal right. (reference)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Withhold

SubjectTopicQuote

Health

Because methylprednisolone reduces disability, clinical trials can no longer use placebo controls because it would be unethical to withhold the drug from patients. (references)

An advance directive is a statement or document in which you give instructions either to withhold treatment or to provide it, depending on your wishes and the specific circumstances. (references)

It also discusses the methods that are used to restore normal respiration and prolong life, and the related dilemma of deciding if and when to withdraw or withhold life support from a hopelessly sick patient. (references)

Business

Furthermore, regardless of registration with the tax authorities, Russian lessees must withhold taxes from the income of foreign leasing companies when making lease payments. (references)

The Ministry of Construction (MOC) has threatened to withhold necessary government permits from companies located in heavily polluted regions, which fail to complete their wastewater disposal facilities. (references)

They may withhold or recover funds if it is believed that the funds are not being used for its stated purpose, conditions are not being complied with and if the quality of the training is not up to the required standard. (references)

Children

Ghana

In addition teachers often withhold material during their regular lessons and ask students to pay additional fees for after-hours "tutoring" in those subjects as a way to supplement their incomes. (references)

South Africa

The Cabinet continued to withhold approval for programs to reduce the rate of mother-to-child transmission of HIV/AIDS during the year; however, the director of AIDS programs allowed provincial governments to implement the programs without cabinet approval. (references)

United Kingdom

Various laws covering England and Wales stipulate that children have the right to apply for court orders, to give or withhold consent for medical treatment (for those capable of making an informed decision), to make complaints to the relevant local authority, to have their ethnic, linguistic, and religious background considered in decisions affecting them, to have reasonable contact with their families (usually applied in a circumstance where there was abuse), and in general to be consulted regarding their desires. (references)

Civil Liberties

Swaziland

With some exceptions, the Government continued to withhold its advertising from the independently owned daily newspaper. (references)

Honduras

The Government also has considerable influence on the print media through its ability to grant or withhold official advertisements funded with public monies. (references)

Uzbekistan

Others claim that local officials arbitrarily withhold approval of the addresses because they oppose the existence of Christian churches with ethnic Uzbek members. (references)

Economic History

Panama

Banks in Panama pay no tax on interest or other income earned outside Panama and withhold no tax on savings or fixed time deposits in Panama. (references)

Vietnam

Random and frequent price fluctuations are common, as many local distributors and wholesalers under-cut prices to achieve a faster turnover or withhold goods to prop up prices. (references)

Latvia

As of 1 January 2001, the employer must withhold social contribution payments on a monthly basis at the rate of 26 %, the total tax payable is 35%, so 9% is paid by the employee. (references)

Human Rights

Cameroon

In the past, the Government used this authority to approve or withhold official recognition of NGO's. (references)

Israel and the occupied territories

At detention hearings, the security forces may withhold evidence from defense lawyers on security grounds. (references)

Finland

In national security cases, the judge may withhold from the public any or all information pertaining to charges, verdicts, and sentences. (references)

Political Economy

Tanzania

As of July 2001, several western donors, especially those from the European Union, continued to withhold foreign assistance from Zanzibar, pending the outcome of the government/opposition dialogue. (references)

Trade

Qatar

The Emir has the authority to withhold laws and decrees. (references)

Norway

In cases where foreign producers need to withhold detailed composition from the importer, the foreign producer may send the complete chemical composition directly to the product register. (references)

Travel

Saudi Arabia

From base salary and housing, companies withhold five percent and pay 10 percent. (references)

Women

Georgia

According to the U.N. Development Program (UNDP), employers frequently withhold benefits connected to pregnancy and childbirth. (references)

Worker Rights

Benin

A company may withhold part of a worker's pay following a strike. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Speeches: Withhold

SpeakerTermPhrase(s)

Abraham Lincoln

1861-1865Doing this I deem to be only a simple duty on my part, and I shall perform it so far as practicable unless my rightful masters, the American people, shall withhold the requisite means or in some authoritative manner direct the contrary.

John F. Kennedy

1961-1963For my part, I shall withhold from neither the Congress nor the people any fact or report, past, present, or future, which is necessary for an informed judgment of our conduct and hazards.

George Bush

1989-1993With this change, millions of Americans from whom the government withholds more than necessary can now choose to have the government withhold less from their paychecks.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Usage Frequency: Withhold

"Withhold" is generally used as a lexical verb (infinitive) -- approximately 93.67% of the time. "Withhold" is used about 221 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Lexical Verb (infinitive)93.67%20721,147
Lexical Verb (base form)5.88%1397,576
Noun (singular)0.45%1339,140
                    Total100.00%221N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Expressions: Withhold

Expressions using "withhold": not to withhold withhold financing withhold information withhold one's loughter. Additional references.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Withhold

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

block emotionally man who withhold

10
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translations: Withhold

Language Translations for "withhold"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Afrikaan

  

agterhou (hold back, keep back). (various references)

   

Albanian

  

refuzoj (debar, decline, deny, disallow, disavow, disclaim, negative, override, overrule, rat, rebuff, refuse, reject, relinquish, renounce, spurn, throw over, thumb down), ndaloj (arrest, balk, ban, bar, baulk, block, break down, cease, challenge, close down, come to a halt, debar, detain, disallow, disqualify, enjoin, estop, forbid, halt, impede, inhibit, interdict, negative, nip, prevent, prohibit, proscribe, pull up, stall, stop, tackle), mbaj (attach, Bate, bear, breed, carry, deduct, enshrine, force upon, get off, give, have, have smth. on, hold, keep, keep on, maintain, man, perform, pitch, preserve, refrain, respect, retain, save, support, sustain, wear), fsheh (Bury, cache, cloak, conceal, cover, curtain, disguise, dissemble, dissimulate, enshroud, Harbor, harbour, hide, hide away, obscure, plant, screen, secrete, sink, stash, veil, wrap up). (various references)

   

Arabic 

  

‏كتم (conceal, concealment, harbor, harbour, hide, hiding, repress, restrain, secrete, subdue, suppress), ‏كبت (bridle, check, contain, down, hold, hold back, inhibit, inhibition, keep, keep back, repress, repression, restrain, restraint, stifle, subdue, suppress, suppression), ‏كبح (arrest, bridle, check, contain, control, curb, hamper, hinder, hold, hold back, inhibit, inhibition, keep back, keep down, keep under control, leash, master, press, prevent, rein, repress, repression, restrain, restraint, steady, subdual, subdue, suppress, suppression, tame), ‏منع (averting, ban, banning, bar, barring, block, debar, deny, deprive, deter, estop, exclude, forbade, forbid, forbiddance, forbidding, foreclose, hinder, hindering, hold back, immunize, inhibit, interdict, interdiction, keep from, obstruct, obstruction, obviation, preclude, prevent, preventing, prevention, prohibit, prohibition, proscription, restrain from, stop, taboo, veto, ward off), ‏خصم (adversary, antagonist, concurrent, deduct, discount, enemy, foe, hostile, knock off, levy, litigant, opposite, rebate, recoup, subtract, subtraction), ‏إمتنع عن (do without, forbear from, forego, forgo, keep, leave off), ‏إقتطع (cut, deduct), ‏أمسك (bite, catch, cradle, get hold of, grasp, grip, gripe, hold, lay hold of, refrain). (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

спирам (arrest, bit, block, brake, bring to, bring to rest, bring up, call a halt, cease, check, come to a halt, come to rest, cut, cut off, cut short, die, discontinue, draw up, drive up, dwell, end, fix, go phut, halt, hang up, heave to, hold back, hold in, immobilize, impede, inhibit, intervene, keep off, kill, leave off, lock, occlude, preclude, prevent, pull in, pull up, put in, quash, quit, run down, snub, stint, stop, suppress, suspend, trammel, trig), въздържам (hold in, keep back, keep in, refrain, restrain), попречвам на (baffle, discourage, head off, short circuit, snag, weigh against). (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

扣压 (Withheld, Withholding). (various references)

   

Czech

  

zadržet (check, force back, hold back, keep, keep back, retain, stop, tie up), odepřít (deny, refuse), nevyplatit. (various references)

   

Danish

  

tilbageholdt betaling (withhold payment), nægtelse af påtegning (decision to withhold approval, refusal of approval, withholding of approval), nægte at give sin påtegning (to withhold approval), afslag (decision to withhold approval, refusal of approval, withholding of approval), afslå at give sin påtegning (to withhold approval). (various references)

   

Dutch

  

achterhouden (hold back, keep back). (various references)

   

Esperanto

  

kaŝgardi (hold back, keep back). (various references)

   

Farsi 

  

منع کردن (Inhibit, Nix, Prohibit, Refrain), مضایقه داشتن , نگاهداشتن (Demurrage, Preserve), خودداری کردن (Contain, Refrain), دریغ داشتن (Spare). (various references)

   

Finnish

  

pidättää (arrest, detain, hold back, keep back, reserve, restrain, take into custody). (various references)

   

French

  

retenir, refuser de, cacher. (various references)

   

Frisian

  

benefterhâlde (hold back, keep back). (various references)

   

German

  

zurückhalten (abstract, detain, hold, hold back, hold in, keep, keep back, refrain, repress, restrain, retain, retard, suppress, to hold back, to refrain, to reserve, to retard, withheld, withholds), vorenthalten (deprive, keep back, starve, to keep back). (various references)

   

Greek 

  

παρακρατώ (drag on, reserve, retain, stock). (various references)

   

Hebrew 

  

למ וע (avert, deny, deprive, forestall, head off, hinder, inhibit, keep back, preclude, prevent, refuse, stop, ward off), לחסוך (economize, put away, put by, save, spare, stint), ל"ש"ות (defer, detain, postpone, retard), לא לתת. (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

visszatart (contain, detain, hold, hold back, hold in, hold off, keep in, recoup, restrain, retain, retard, to check, to contain, to detain, to entrap, to hold back, to keep back, to keep from, to pocket, to pull, to pull up, to recoup, to repress, to restrain, to retain, to stay), megtagad (deny, disown, refuse, renounce, repudiate, to disavow, to disown, to put back, to recant, to refuse, to renounce, to repudiate). (various references)

   

Indonesian

  

tidak memberi, menyembunyikan (conceal, dissemble, ensconce, hide), menahan (bate, bridle, curb, detain, endure, keep back, retain, weather, withstand). (various references)

   

Italian

  

trattenere (Bate, contain, curb, deduct, detain, deter, entertain, hold, hold back, hold off, keep, keep oneself, pull in, remain, restrain, retain, suppress), rifiutare (decline, deny, disallow, rebut, refuse, reject, repudiate, spurn, throw over, turn down), negare (abnegate, deny, disclaim, gainsay, negate, refuse, repudiate, unsay), nascondere (be hidden, blind, block, cache, cloak, conceal, encryption, ensconce, hide, mask, obscure, occult, occuring, pocket, screen, secrete, shroud, tuck away). (various references)

   

Korean 

  

보류하십시". (various references)

   

Manx

  

freayll voish, cummal veih (refrain, restrain). (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

ithholdway

   

Portuguese

  

retirar (recant, remove, retire, take away, withdraw), reter (abstract, contain, detain, hold, hold back, immobilize, keep company, occlusion, preserve, restrain, retain), recusar (balk, challenge, confute, decline, deny, dismiss, pill, pishogue, put back, rebut, refuse, reject, reprobate, repulse, set aside, turn down), negar (abnegate, contradict, debar, deny, disavow, disclaimer, discreditable, disparage, gainsay, negate, negative, repudiate, sublate, whittle down), impedir (arrest, avert, balk, block, clash, clog, cramp, cumber, dam, debar, delay, detain, embarrassed, estop, fetterless, forbid, foreclose, hamper, hinder, hobbledehoy, impede, intercept, interfere, let be, oppose, preclude, prevent, prohibit, put a stop, resist, restrain, set back, shackle, stop, thwart, trammel), conter (bottle, carry, comprise, contain, encore, hold, hold down, imply, include, refrain, restrain, rule, squelch). (various references)

   

Romanian

  

se abţine de la o acţiune, refuza un ajutor, reţine (arrest, bespeak, book, catch, confine, delay, detain, dock, engage, fix, ground, hinder, hold, hold in, impede, keep, keep back, keep in, laten, learn, memorize, nota bene, refrain, remember, reserve, restrain, retain, secure, stop, take by the button, trammel), opri (abate, abstain, arrest, balk, bar, baulk, break, bring to, bring to a stop, call off, circumvent, clog, collar, contain, curb, cut off, deflate, delay, discontinue, end, estop, forbear, forbid, foreclose, halt, hinder, hold, inhibit, interdict, keep back, phase out, prohibit, pull up, put a stopper on, put out, quench, restrain, retain, shut out, snag, staunch, stay, stem, stop, strangle, subside, taboo), nu da la ivealã, falsifica adevãrul, ascunde un fapt, împiedica (arrest, back, balk, baulk, block, brake, check, circumvent, clog, delay, detain, deter, embarrass, encumber, forbid, foreclose, hamper, help, hinder, hitch, hobble, hold, hopple, impede, inhibit, intercept, lock, obstruct, prevent, put on the brakes, restrain, shackle, shut out, snag, stay, stop, trammel). (various references)

   

Russian 

  

удерживать (coerce, dam back, deter, hold, hold back, hold in, keep back, recoup, restrain). (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

zakinuti, zadržati (delay, detain, dwell, hold back, hold down, impeach, keep, keep back, reserve, restrain, retain, stem, stop), uzdržavati (restrain), odreći (deny, disavow). (various references)

   

Spanish

  

retener (carry, detain, hoard up, hold, hold back, hold on to, keep, keep back, prevent, retain, to deter), negar de (oppugn). (various references)

   

Swedish

  

undanhålla (deprive, keep back), hålla inne (recoup). (various references)

   

Turkish

  

vermemek, tutmak (abide by, add up to, affect, Bate, be, bespeak, bind, book, catch, charter, check, choke, choke back, choke down, choke off, claw hold of, clench, clutch, cog, cohere, come to, confine, constrain, contain, cost, cramp, engage, Favor, favour, figure out at, fish, gather, get hold of, grapple, grasp, grip, guard, hang onto, hire, hire on, hold, hold back, hold in, hold on, hold on to, hold up, inhibit, intercept, keep, keep back, keep down, keep in, keep to, occupy, play, play on, play upon, possess, redeem, remand, reserve, restrain, retain, save, seize, seize on, stanchion, stick, stick to, stifle, strangle, support, take, take up, tot up, total, uphold, work out at), esirgemek (begrudge smb. smth., grudge, spare, stint), alıkoymak (check, constrain, deforce, delay, detain, disable, hinder, hold, hold up, incapacitate, intercept, keep, keep from, keep in, preclude, restrain, retain, retard, stay, stick, stop). (various references)

   

Ukranian 

  

утримуватися (abstain, desist, forbear, forego, forgo, hold back, refrain from, restrain oneself, waive), відмовляти (debar, deny, disallow, discourage, malfunction, notice, persuade, refuse, say no), вираховувати (cipher), зупиняти (arrest, bar, cease, check, damp, deter, halt, hold, hold up, nip, pull up, stanch, staunch, stop), затримувати (apprehend, arrest, balk, dam, defer, delay, deport, detain, impede, impound, intern, nip, pull back), замовчувати (conceal, elide, hush up, slur, suppress). (various references)

   

Welsh

  

atal (arrest, hinder, hindrance, impediment, prevent, stop). (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Ancestral Language Translations: Withhold

LanguagePeriodTranslations
Latin500 BCE-Modern

abdicamus, abditis, abnegantes, abnegaverunt, abneges, abneget, abstinere, infitians, prohibeo. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Bible Trace: Withhold

LanguageDateSourceProverbs Chapter 3, Verse 27
Greek (transliterated)250 BCSeptuagintMh aposch eu poiein endeh hnika an ech h ceir sou bohqein
Latin405VulgateNoli prohibere benefacere eum qui potest si vales et ipse benefac
Middle English1395WyclifWile thou not forfenden hym that mai wel don; if thou maist, and thiself wel do.
Jacobean English1611King JamesWithhold not good from them to whom it is due, when it is in the power of thine hand to do it.
Victorian English1833WebsterWithhold not good from them to whom it is due, when it is in the power of thy hand to do it.
Basic English1964OgdenDo not keep back good from those who have a right to it, when it is in the power of your hand to do it.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Matched Bible Translations: Withhold

LanguageProverbs Chapter 3, Verse 27
Cebuano¶ Ayaw pag ihikaw ang kaayohan gikan kanila diin kini gikinahanglan, Sa diha nga kini anaa sa gahum sa imong kamot ang pagbuhat niini.
Chinese 手 若 有 行 善 的 力 量 、 不 可 推 辭 、 就 當 向 那 應 得 的 人 施 行 。
CroatianNe uskrati dobroèinstva potrebitim kad god to možeš uèiniti.
DanishNægt ikke den trængende Hjælp, når det står i din Magt at hjælpe;
DutchOnthoud het goed van zijn meesters niet, als het in het vermogen uwer hand is te doen.
FinnishÄlä kiellä tarvitsevalta hyvää, milloin sitä tehdä voit.
FrenchNe refuse pas un bienfait celui qui y a droit, Quand tu as le pouvoir de l`accorder.
GermanWeigere dich nicht, dem Dürftigen Gutes zu tun, so deine Hand von Gott hat, solches zu tun.
Haitian Creole¶ Pa refize fè byen pou moun ki nan nesesite, chak fwa ou santi ou ka fè sa.
Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hariJika kau mempunyai kemampuan untuk berbuat baik kepada orang yang memerlukan kebaikanmu, janganlah menolak untuk melakukan hal itu.
Indonesian-Terjemahan LamaJanganlah engkau menahani barang dari pada orang yang empunya dia, jikalau dalam kuasa tanganmu sekalipun akan berbuat demikian.
ItalianNon negare un beneficio a chi ne ha bisogno, se è in tuo potere il farlo.
Maori¶ Kaua e kaiponuhia te pai ki te hunga i tika nei ma ratou, i nga wa e taea ai e tou ringa.
NorwegianNekt ikke de trengende din hjelp, når det står i din makt å gi den!
PortugueseNão negues o bem a quem de direito, estando no teu poder fazê-lo.   
RumanianNu opri o binefacere celui ce are nevoie de ea, cknd poyi s`o faci.
RussianоЕ ПФЛБЪЩЧБК Ч 'МБЗП"ЕСОЙЙ ОХЦ"БАЭЕНХУС, ЛПЗ"Б ТХЛБ ФЧПС Ч УЙМЕ У"ЕМБФШ ЕЗП.
SpanishNo niegues un bien a quien es debido, teniendo poder para hacerlo.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Withhold

Derivations

Words beginning with "withhold": withholder, withholders, withholding, withholds. (additional references)

Words ending with "withhold": overwithhold. (additional references)

Words containing "withhold": overwithholding, overwithholds. (additional references)


Misspellings

"Withhold" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: withold. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Withhold"

# of Phoneme MatchesPronunciationWord(s) rhyming with "withhold" (pronounced wi'thhō"ld)
4-h ō" l dahold, behold, hold, holed, uphold.
3-ō" l dbold, bowled, cajoled, cold, consoled, controlled, decontrolled, doled, enfold, enrolled, extolled, fold, foretold, gold, Mold, mould, old, outsold, oversold, paroled, patrolled, polled, remold, resold, rolled, scold, sold, strolled, told, tolled, twofold, uncontrolled, undersold, unfold, unsold, untold, wold.

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Withhold

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Words within the letters "d-h-h-i-l-o-t-w"

-3 letters: dhoti, litho, thiol, width.

-4 letters: dhow, diol, doit, dolt, doth, hilt, hold, holt, howl, idol, lido, loth, loti, thio, toil, told, whid, whit, wild, wilt, with, wold.

-5 letters: dit, dol, dot, dow, hid, hit, hod, hot, how, lid, lit, lot, low, oil, old, owl, tho, til, tod, tow, two, who, wit, wot.

 Words containing the letters "d-h-h-i-l-o-t-w"
 

+1 letter: withholds.

 

+2 letters: withholder.

 

+3 letters: withholders, withholding.

 

+4 letters: overwithheld, overwithhold.

 

+5 letters: overwithholds.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Alternative Orthography: Withhold


Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

57 69 74 68 68 6F 6C 64

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)

=

Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)

Braille (1829, in France) (references)

Morse Code (1836) (references)

.--.    ..    -    ....    ....    ---    .-..    -..

Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01010111 01101001 01110100 01101000 01101000 01101111 01101100 01100100

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#87 &#105 &#116 &#104 &#104 &#111 &#108 &#100

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

0057 0069 0074 0068 0068 006F 006C 0064

British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

5775867474817870

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Modern
5. Quotations: Familiar
6. Quotations: Historic
7. Quotations: Non-fiction
8. Quotations: Speeches
9. Usage Frequency
10. Expressions
11. Expressions: Internet
12. Translations: Modern
13. Translations: Ancient
14. Bible Trace
15. Derivations
16. Rhymes
17. Anagrams
18. Orthography
19. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

 

 

 

 

Note to the press & webmasters - this dictionary can be linked, indexed, or referred to using the following non-English expressions:
woordeboek, fjalor, ‏معجم, ‏قاموس, diccionariu, речник, diccionari, diksyonario, diksinario, 字典, gérlyver, slovník, ordbog, woordenboek, shimiyuc p'anca, orðabók, orðbók, dictionnaire, wurdboek, wörterbuch, λεξικό, אוצר מילים, szótár, uqausiit tukingit, dizionario, 字引 , じい, じびき, じて", ディクショナリー , じり", じしょ, '"かい, ディクショナリ , 사 , dizionari, recnik, fockleyr, dikshonario, słownik, dicionário, dicţionar, dicziunari, словарь, lolomi fefiloi, foclair, abardair, faclair, briathrachan, pukuntau, leksikon, rečnik, vocabbulariu, diccionario, sí-chazamagâma, ordbok, lexikon, พจนานุกรม, sözlük, ansiklopedik sözlük, словник, довідник, có tính chất sách vở, geirlyfr, geiriadur, for dictionary;
definisie, qartësi, përcaktim, saktësi, ‏الوضوحية في الشيء, ‏حد, ‏تحديد, ‏تعريف, ‏التحديد, ‏الإيضاحية, яснота, сила, очертания, дефиниция, 定義 , 定义, definice, deskriptordefinition, definitie, määritelmä, définition, ορισμός, "'"ר", "'בל", meghatározás, definíció, definizione, 確定 , ディーゼル電気車 , デ'ドロ酢酸 , デフィニション , ディフィニション , ていぎ, かくてい, 의, geyrid, meenaghey, keeayllaght, baght, definishon, definição, definiţie, determinare, definire, определение, definicija, definición, definition, açıklama, belirleme, belirtme, kesinleştirme, tanım, tarif, seçiklik, tanımlama, чіткість, тлумачення, виразність, визначення, дефініція, ясність, чітка чутність, sự định rõ, sự định nghĩa, lời định nghĩa sự định, diffiniad, darnodiad, for definition;
vertaling, transferim, transmetim, ‏ترجمة من لغة أجنبية للغة الأم, ‏ترجمة, ‏إفتتان, транслация, огъване, превод, предаване, поддаване, тълкуване, превеждане, 翻译, překlad, oversættelse, translatie, taajuusmuutos, translaatio, traduction, oersetting, Übersetzung, μετάφραση, תור'מ ות, תר'ום, "עתק", "עתק, fordítás, traduzione, 翻訳 , へい"ういどう, やくしょ, やくしゅつ, "うどく, ほ"やく, トランスレーション , やくじゅつ, ほ"やくしょ, 번역, tradukshon, tradução, translaţie, tãlmãcire, traducere, сдвиг, трансляция, перемещение, перевод, tumačenje, traducción, översättning, tercüme, процес перекладу, переклад, пояснення, переміщення, sự dịch, sự biến th nh sự giải thích, trosiad, for translation;
Albaans, Albanies, Albaniese taal, shqip, ‏الألبانية, ‏الألباني, албанец, албански език, албански, Albanyano, 阿"巴尼亚语, 阿爾巴尼亞人 , albánský, Albanees, albanskt, albanialainen, Albanais, Albaneesk, albaner, αλβανικόσ, Αλβανός, αλβανόσ, arbnisht, arbërisht, albán, albanskur, albanska, AlbÚinis, albanese, 알"니아, Albaneagh, albanês, arnãut, albanez, arnãuţesc, албанский, Alapania, albanski, albanac, albanés, alban, Arnavut, албанський, албанка, албанець, for Albanian;
Arabies, arabishte, ‏العربية, ‏عربي, ‏اللغة العربية, арабски език, арабски, 阿拉伯 , arabský, arabština, arábiskt, arabialainen, arabe, Arabysk, arabisch, αραβικόσ, ערבית, ערבי, arab, arabo, 아라비아, Arabish, arabir, arabic, арабский, Arapi, arapski, árabe, arabisk, าษาหรืออักขระอาหรับ, เกี่ยวกับอาระเบีย, arapça, arap, araplara özgü, арабська мова, арабський, tiếng A-rập, thuộc A-rập, for Arabic;
Bulgaars, Bulgaar, bulgr, ‏البلغارية, ‏بلغاري, Búlgaru, български, български език, българин, Bulgaryan, 保 利亚, bulharský, bulgarer, bulgarskt, bulgarialainen, Bulgaarsk, bulgare, 'ούλγαρος, bullgar, bolgár, bulgaro, 불가리아, Bulgeyragh, Bulgeyrish, Bułgar, болгарский, болгарин, bugarski jezik, bugarski, bugarka, bugarin, búlgaro, bulgar, bulgaristan ile ilgili, болгарський, người Bun-ga-ri tiếng Bun-ga-ri, for Bulgarian;
Sjinees, Chinees, kinez, ‏الصينية, ‏لغة الصين, ‏صيني, ‏الصيني أحد أبناء الصين, Chinu, китайски, Ininsik, 汉语, 中 , 漢 , 中國 , èínský, èínština, èíòan, kineser, kinesiskt, kinverskur, kiinalainen, Chinois, Sineesk, Chinesisch, Κινέζος, κινέζικα, κινέζικοσ, κινέζοσ, σινικόσ, kínai, Kínverji, Sínis, cinese, チフス菌 , チャイニーズ , 중국, Cina, Sheenish, Sheenagh, Hainamana, chines, Chińczyk, chinês, chinés, chinezesc, chinezeşte, chinezã, chinez, китайский, китаец, Saina, kineski jezik, kineski, chino, snesi, sneysi, kinesisk, çinli, çince, çin ile ilgili, çin, китаянка, китайська мова, китайський, кита"ць, for Chinese;
Tsjeggies, Tsjeg, çek, ‏تشيكي, ‏اللغة التشيكوسلوفاكية, ‏التشيكي أحد أبناء تشيكوسلوفاكيا, Checu, чешки, Sekoslovakyano, 捷克語 , 捷克语, 捷克 , èesky, èeské, èech, èeština, èeský, èeška, tjekker, tjekke, Tsjech, Tsjechisch, tjekkiskt, t?ekkiläinen, tchèque, Tsjechysk, Tscheche, tschechisch, Tschechin, Τσέχος, cseh, ceco, 체", Sheckagh, Sheckish, Czech, chèc, ceh, чешский, češki jezik, čeh, češki, checo, tjeck, Çek, çekoslovakyalı kimse, çekoslovakyalı, çek dili, чех, чеська мова, чеський, чешка, người Séc tiếng Séc, for Czech;
Deens, danisht, danishte, ‏لغة الدانمركية, ‏نوع كعك, ‏دانماركي, датски език, датски, Daniko, 丹麦语, dánský, dánština, danskur, danskt, tanskalainen, danois, Deensk, dänisch, δανικόσ, δανόσ, עו'ת שמרים, " י, dán, danska, Danmhairgis, danese, 덴마크, Danvargish, Danvargagh, danes, dinamarquês, danez, датский, danski, danski jezik, danés, dansk, danimarkalı, danimarka dili, датський, датська мова, tiếng Đan-mạch, for Danish;
Nederlands, Hollands, holandez, ‏هولندي, ‏اللغة الهولندية, холандски, немски език, холандски език, холандците, немски, Olandes, 菏蘭語 , 荷兰语, holandský, nizozemský, hollandsk, hollendskt, hollantilainen, néerlandais, Nederlânsk, holländisch, ολλανδικόσ, ολλανδόσ, holandisht, "ול "י, holland, hollenskur, Ollainnis, olandese, 네덜란", Belanda, Ollanish, Germaanish, Tatimana, nederlandsk, ulandes, hulandes, holandês, neerlandés, olandez, nemţesc, limba olandezã, german, голландский, holanđanin, u škripcu, holandski, holandés, bakratongo, holländsk, ชาวเนเธอร์แลน"์, เกี่ยวกับเนเธอร์แลน"์, รรยา, alman, eş, flemenkçe, holandaca, hollanda, karı, hollandalı, hollandalılara özgü olan, Hollandali, hollanda'ya ait, голландська мова, голландський, ngôn ngữ khó hiểu, "b xã", for Dutch;
‏الاسبرانتو لغة دولية, Esperantu, есперанто, 世界语, esperanton, espéranto, εσπεράντο, אספר טו, eszperanto, eszperantó, エスキモー犬 , エスペラント , эсперанто, Eseperano, esperanto, Kiesperanto, าษาที่ประ"ิษฐ์ขึ้นเพื่อใช้เป็น าษากลางในการสื่อสารระหว่างประเทศ ซึ่งรากศัพท์ส่วนใหญ่, esperanto dili, tiếng etperantô, for esperanto;
Farsi, Parsi, persiskt, Fasi, for Farsi;
Fins, finlandez, finlandishte, finlandisht, ‏اللغة الفنلندية, ‏فنلندية, ‏فنلندي, фински език, фински, Pinlandino, 芬蘭語 , 芬兰语, finský, finskt, suomi, suomalainen, finnois, Finlandaise, finlandais, finnisch, φινλανδικόσ, פי י, finn, finnskur, finnska, finlandese, 핀란", Fynlannish, Fynlannagh, finlandês, finês, finlandezã, финский, Finisi, finski jezik, finski, finlandés, finés, finsk, fince, finlandiya'ya özgü, фінська мова, фінський, tiếng Phần-lan, for Finnish;
Franse taal, Frans, franceze, francez, frëngjisht, frëng, frëngjishte, ‏فرنسي, ‏اللغة الفرنسية, ‏الشعب الفرنسي, gall, френски език, френски, Pranses, 法國 , 法文 , 法語 , 法语, francouzština, francouzský, franskur, franskt, ranskalainen, français, Frânsk, französisch, γάλλοσ, γαλλικόσ, γαλλική γλώσσα, γαλλίδα, צרפתי, צרפתית, francia, Fraincis, francese, フレコン化 , フランス" , 仏文 , 仏 , ふつぶ", フレンチ , フランセ , ふつ, "랑스, Perancis, Ny Frangee, Mooinjey ny Frank, frances, franses, francês, francezii, francezã, franţuzesc, franţuzeşte, французский, Falani, francuski jezik, francuski, francuzi, francés, sí-Fulentji, fransk, franska, fransızca, Fransiz, fransızca ile ilgili, fransız, fransa ile ilgili, французька мова, французький, Ffrengig, isiFulentshi, for French;
Fries, фризийски, фризиец, Frison, Frysk, Friese, fríz, frisone, Freeshlannish, Freeshlannagh, frisão, frizian, фризский, фриз, frizijac, frizijski, frisio, fris, frizye'li kimse, frizye'li, frizye dili, frizye ile ilgili, фризький, фризька мова, for Frisian;
Duits, Duitser, Duitse taal, Germaan, gjerman, ‏ضرب من الرقص, ‏جرماني, ‏المانية, ‏الماني, ‏اللغة الألمانية, роден, германски, немски език, немски, немец, готически, германец, 德語 , 德语, 德文 , 德國 , nìmecký, nìmec, tysker, Duitse, týskur, týskt, týskari, saksalainen, Allemand, Dútsk, Deutsche, Deutsch, "ερμανός, gjermanisht, 'רמ י, 'רמ ית, német, þjóðverji, þýskur, GearmÚnach, GearmÚinis, tedesco, ジプシー音楽 , ジャーマン , 독일, todesch, Germaanagh, Garmane, Germaanish, Carmane, aleman, Niemiec, niemiecki, alemão, alemand, neamţ, немецкий, Siamani, germanski, alemán, Tudesku, Doysri, mjeremani, mdachi, sí-Jalimáne, tysk, เยอรมัน, าษาเยอรมัน, Alman, німкеня, німецький, німець, $sisters german$ chị em ruột, $cousin german$ anh chị em con chú bác ruột, sister, Almaenwr, isiJalimane, iliJalimane, iJalimane, for German;
Grieks, Griek, ‏الإغريقي, ‏يوناني, ‏اللغة اليونانية, Griegu, гръцки език, гръцки, грък, Griyego, 希臘語 , 希腊语, řecký, řeètina, řek, græker, grikst, kreikkalainen, grec, Gryk, Gryksk, Gryks, grieche, ελληνικόσ, 'Ελληνας, יו ית, יו י, görög, Grikki, greco, ギリシア語 , ギリシア", 그리스, Greagish, Greagagh, grego, grèc, greacã, греческий, Eleni, grk, grčki jezik, grčki, griego, grek, Yunanli, yunanlı, yunanca, yunan, Rumca, yunanistan'a ait, rum, грек, гречанка, грецька мова, грецький, kẻ cắp b gi gặp nhau, quân bạc bịp tôi không thể hiểu được điều đó thật l kỳ phùng địch thủ, người Hy-lạp tiếng Hy-lạp kẻ bịp bợm, kẻ lừa đảo, Groegwr, for Greek;
Jood, Hebreeus, Israeliet, hebraishte, ‏يهودي, ‏عبري, ‏اليهودية, ‏اللغة العبرية, ‏العبرية, Hebréu, иврит, древен жител на юдея, юдейски, израилтянин, евреин, староеврейски, староеврейски език, юдей, 西伯来, 希伯來語 , hebrejský, hebrejka, hebrejec, hebrejština, joods, Hebreeuws, hebraiskt, juutalainen, hébreu, Hebrieusk, hebräisch, hebräer, εβραϊκόσ, εβραϊκά, εβραίοσ, עברית, עברי, zsidó, héber, izraelita, Eabhrais, ebraico, ebreo, ヘブライ語 , ヘブライ", Ewagh, Ew, Ewnish, hudiu, hebraico, hebreu, ebrèu, limba ebraicã, izraelit, evreu, evreiesc, ebraic, еврейский, еврей, древнееврейский, древнееврейский язык, Eperu, hibru, hebreo, dyu, Myahudi, Yahudi, hebreiska, hebreisk, jude, ชาวฮิบรู (ปัจจุบันคือประเทศอิสราเอลและปาเลสไตน์), าษาฮิบรู (ปัจจุบันคือประเทศอิสราเอลและปาเลสไตน์), musevi, ibranice, ibrani, іудей, старо"врейська мова, старо"врейський, іврит, "врейський, "врей, người Hê-brơ, Hebraeg, Hebreaidd, for Hebrew;
Hongaars, Hongaar, hungarez, ‏الهنغاري, ‏مجري, ‏هنغاري, ‏المجري, ‏اللغة الهنغارية, Húngaru, унгарски език, унгарски, унгарец, Hungaryan, 匈牙利語 , 匈牙利语, maïarský, maïar, maïarština, ungarer, Hongaarse, ungarskt, unkarilainen, hongrois, Hongaarsk, ungar, Ούγγρος, "ו 'רי, magyar, ungherese, 헝가리, Ungaarish, Ungaaragh, Węgier, ongrés, ungureşte, ungur, limba maghiarã, unguresc, maghiar, limba ungarã, венгр, венгерский, mađarski, mađar, mađarski jezik, húngaro, ungrare, ชาวฮังการี, macarca, macar, угорська мова, угорка, угорський, угорець, người Hung-ga-ri tiếng Hung-ga-ri, for Hungarian;
Indonesies, indonezian, ‏الماليزي أحد أبناء ماليزيا, ‏اللغة الأندونيسية, Indonesiu, индонезийски език, индонезийски, 印度尼西亚语, 印度尼西亞語 , indonéský, indonéština, indonésan, indoneser, Indonesisch, Indisch, Indonesiër, indonesiskt, indonesialainen, indonésien, Yndonesysk, Indonesier, Ινδονήσιος, indonéz, indonesiano, インドネシア語 , インドネシア", 인도네시아, Indoneesagh, indonésio, indonésia, индонезийский, индонезиец, Indtasisian, indonezijski, indonežanin, indonesio, indones, Indonesyo, endonezya'ya ait, endonezyalı, endonezya dili, endonezya, індонезі"ць, індонезійський, індонезійська мова, індонезійка, người In-ddô-nê-xi-a tiếng In-ddô-nê-xi-a, for Indonesian;
Italianer, Italiaans, Italiaan, ‏شخص إيطالي, ‏اللغة الإيطالية, ‏الإيطالي, ‏إيطالي, Italianu, италиански език, италиански, италианец, Italyano, 意大利 , 意大利語 , 意大利语, italština, italský, ital, italiener, italienskt, italialainen, Italien, Italjaansk, italienisch, Ιταλός, italisht, איטלקי, איטלקית, olasz, Ítali, IodÚilis, italiano, 이탈리아, Iddaalish, Włoch, italianã, italienesc, italieneşte, italian, итальянский язык, итальянский, итальянец, Italia, italijanski, italijanski jezik, italijan, sí-Taliyáne, italienare, italiensk, italienska, เกี่ยวกับอิตาลี, ชาวอิตาลี, าษาอิตาลี, italyanca, italyan, італі"ць, італійська мова, італійський, італійка, for Italian;
korean, ‏كوري شمالي, ‏اللغة الكورية, ‏كوري جنوبي, ‏كوري, Coreanu, корейски, корейски език, Koryano, 韩国语, "國 , 朝鮮語 , korejský, korejec, korejština, Koreaans, koreanskt, coréen, Koreaansk, koreanisch, Koreaner, κορεάτησ, κορεάτικοσ, koreai, 한국, koreano, coréia, a língua coreana, coreean, limba coreeanã, кореец, корейский, Kolea, korejski jezik, korejski, koreanac, coreano, koreansk, ชาวเกาหลี, kore'li, кореянка, коре"ць, корейська мова, корейський, người Triều tiên tiếng Triều tiên, for korean;
gjuha e popullsisë së ishullit men, manský, manština, manx, mann-szigeti nyelv, Gaelgagh, Yn Ghaelg, Manninish, Manninagh, язык жителей о-ва мэн, с о-ва мэн, s ostrva mana, los habitantes de la isla de man, lengua de la isla de man, de la isla de man, från ön man, man dili, man adası, менський діалект, менський, for manx;
Portugees, portugez, portugalisht, ‏اللغة البرتغالية, ‏البرتغالية, ‏البرتغالي, португалски език, португалски, португалец, Potuges, 葡萄牙语, 葡萄牙人 , 葡萄牙語 , portugalský, portugiser, portugisiskt, portugalilainen, portugais, Portugeesk, portugiesisch, πορτογάλοσ, ορτογάλος, portugál, Portaingéilis, portoghese, ポルトガル語 , ポルトガル", 포르투갈, Portiugish, Portiugagh, portugues, Portugalczyk, português, portughez, португальский, portugalski jezik, portugalski, portugalac, portugués, Mreno, si-Putúkezi, portugis, portekiz, Portekízlí, portekizli, portekizce, португальська мова, португальський, португалець, người B"-đ o-nha tiếng B"-đ o-nha, for Portuguese;
Roemeen, rumun, Rumanu, румънски език, румънски, румънец, Romanyan, 罗马尼亚语, rumunský, rumunština, rumæner, Roemeens, rumenskt, romanialainen, roumain, Roemeensk, rumäne, ρουμανόσ, Ρουμάνος, román, rumeno, 루마니아, Roomainagh, romeno, romanés, român, румын, румынский, rumunski, rumunski jezik, rumano, rumänsk, румунська мова, румун, румунський, румунка, for Romanian;
Russies, Rus, ‏الروسية, ‏روسي, ‏اللغة الروسية, Rusu, руски, руски език, руснак, Rusyan, 俄語 , 俄语, 俄文 , ruština, ruský, russer, russur, russiskt, venäläinen, Russysk, Russe, russisch, Ρώσος, רוסי, orosz, rússneskur, Rússi, Rúisis, russo, ロシア語 , ロシア", 러시아, Rooshish, Rooshagh, russisk, Rosjanin, русский, Lusia, ruski jezik, ruski, ruso, sí-Rashîya, ryss, ชาวรัสเซีย, rusça, росіянка, росіянин, російська мова, російський, người Nga tiếng Nga, for Russian;
塞爾維亞克羅地亞語 , 塞"维亚-克罗地亚语, serbokroatisch, 세르보크로아티아, servo-croata, sârbo-croat, srpsko-hrvatski, srpsko-hrvatski jezik, serbokroatiska, serbokroatisk, เกี่ยวกับ าษาเซอร์เบียและโครเอเชีย, าษาหลักของชาวเซอร์เบียและโครเอเชีย, for Serbo-Croatian;
Spaans, Spaanse taal, spanjoll, ‏اللغة الأسبانية, ‏الأسبانية, ‏أسباني, испански език, испански, espanyoles, Espanyol, 西班牙语, 西班牙文 , 西班牙語 , španìlský, španìlština, spanskt, espanjalainen, espagnol, Spaansk, spanisch, ισπανικά, ισπανικόσ, ισπανοί, karaiñe'êmegua, ספר"ית, ספר"י, spanyol, SpÚinnis, spagnolo, スペイン語 , スパイ罪 , スペイン", スパニッシュ , 스페인, Spaainagh, Spaainish, spañó, espanhol, espanhòl, spaniolesc, spanioleşte, spaniol, испанский, Sipaniolo, španski jezik, španski, español, spanska språk, spansk, ispanyollar, ispanyolca, ispanyol, іспанська мова, іспанський, for Spanish;
Sweeds, suedez, ‏اللغة السويدية, Suecu, шведски език, шведски, швед, Swedis, 瑞典語 , 瑞典语, švédský, švédština, Zweeds, svenskt, ruotsalainen, suédois, Sweedsk, schwedisch, σουηδικόσ, σουηδικά, svéd, sænskur, Sualainnis, svedese, スウェーデン語 , スウェーデン", 스웨덴, Soolynish, Soolynagh, suèc, шведский, švedski jezik, švedski, sueco, svensk, เกี่ยวกับคน าษาและวั'นธรรมของประเทศสวีเ"น, isveççe, isveç dili, isveç, Ísveçlí, шведська мова, шведський, người Thuỵ điển tiếng Thuỵ điển, for Swedish;
Turks, turk, ‏تركي أحد أبناء تركيا, ‏اللغة التركية, Turcu, турски, турски език, Turko, 土耳其, 土耳其語 , tureètina, turecký, turkist, turkkilainen, turque, turc, Turksk, türkisch, τούρκικοσ, טורקי, török, Yn Turkish, Turkagh, turcesc, турецкий, turski jezik, turski, turco, turkisk, türk, türkçe, турецька мова, турецький, tiếng Thổ nhĩ kỳ, for Turkish;
乌克兰, for Ukranian;
Wallies, i uellsit, gjuha e uellsit, shkel premtimin, populli i uellsit, ik pa paguar, ‏ويلزي, ‏الولزية لغة إقليم ويلز, ‏تهرب من دفع الرهان, не си плащам дълга, измъквам се от задължение, уелски език, уелски, 威"士, 威爾士語 , waleština, waleský, Wels, valisiskt, gallois, walisisch, δεν πληρώνω τα οφειλόμενα, ουάλλοσ, ουαλλικόσ, walesi, Breatnais, gallese, Bretnagh, galês, gallés, limba velşã, din ţara galilor, velş, уэльский, velški jezik, podvaliti, velški, velšanin, galés, walesisk, galler ile ilgili, sözünü tutmamak, gal dili, bahisleri ödemeden kaçmak, şartları yerine getirmemek, ödemeden kaçmak, у"льський, валлійська мова, валлійці, валлійський, не віддати гроші, Cymreig, for Welsh;