Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Wheat |
WheatNoun1. Annual or biennial grass having erect flower spikes and light brown grains. 2. Grains of common wheat; sometimes cooked whole or cracked as cereal; usually ground into flour. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "wheat" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1321. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Satire | WHEAT, n. A cereal from which a tolerably good whisky can with some difficulty be made, and which is used also for bread. The French are said to eat more bread per capita of population than any other people, which is natural, for only they know how to make the stuff palatable. Source: Devil's Dictionary. |
Bible | Wheat one of the earliest cultivated grains. It bore the Hebrew name _hittah_, and was extensively cultivated in Palestine. There are various species of wheat. That which Pharaoh saw in his dream was the Triticum compositum, which bears several ears upon one stalk (Gen. 41:5). The "fat of the kidneys of wheat" (Deut. 32:14), and the "finest of the wheat" (Ps. 81:16; 147:14), denote the best of the kind. It was exported from Palestine in great quantities (1 Kings 5:11; Ezek. 27:17; Acts 12:20). Parched grains of wheat were used for food in Palestine (Ruth 2:14; 1 Sam. 17:17; 2 Sam. 17:28). The disciples, under the sanction of the Mosaic law (Deut. 23:25), plucked ears of corn, and rubbing them in their hands, ate the grain unroasted (Matt. 12:1; Mark 2:23; Luke 6:1). Before any of the wheat-harvest, however, could be eaten, the first-fruits had to be presented before the Lord (Lev. 23:14). Source: Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary. |
Dream Interpretation | To see large fields of growing wheat in your dreams, denotes that your interest will take on encouraging prospects. If the wheat is ripe, your fortune will be assured and love will be your joyous companion. To see large clear grains of wheat running through the thresher, foretells that prosperity has opened her portals to the fullest for you. To see it in sacks or barrels, your determination to reach the apex of success is soon to be crowned with victory and your love matters will be firmly grounded. If your granary is not well covered and you see its contents getting wet, foretells that while you have amassed a fortune, you have not secured your rights and you will see your interests diminishing by the hand of enemies. If you rub wheat from the head into your hand and eat it, you will labor hard for success and will obtain and make sure of your rights. To dream that you climb a steep hill covered with wheat and think you are pulling yourself up by the stalks of wheat, denotes you will enjoy great prosperity and thus be able to distinguish yourself in any chosen pursuit. Source: Ten Thousand Dreams Interpreted .... |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Wheat (Triticum spp) is a grass that is cultivated around the world. Globally, it is the second-largest cereal crop, tied with maize; the third being rice. Wheat grain is used to make flour, as livestock feed and for brewing beer. Wheat is also planted strictly as a forage crop for livestock and hay.
Wheat
Wheat plantScientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Liliopsida Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Genus: Triticum Species T. aestivum
T. aethiopicum
T. araraticum
T. boeoticum
T. carthlicum
T. compactum
T. dicoccon
T. durum
T. ispahanicum
T. karamyschevii
T. militinae
T. monococcum
T. polonicum
T. spelta
T. timopheevii
T. trunciale
T. turanicum
T. turgidum
T. urartu
T. vavilovii
T. zhukovskyiReferences ITIS 42236 2002-09-22 It is thought that wheat was first domesticated in the Fertile Crescent area of the Middle East.
Major Species of Wheat
- Common Wheat -- (T. aestivum) A hexaploid species that is the most widely cultivated in the world.
- Einkorn -- (T. monococcum) A diploid species with wild and cultivated varients. One of the earliest cultivated but rarely planted today.
- Emmer -- (T. turgidum dicoccum) A tetraploid species, with wild and cultivated varients. Cultivated in ancient times but no longer in widespread usage.
- Durum -- (T. turgidum durum) The only tetraploid species of wheat widely used today.
- Kamut® -- (T. turgidum polonicum) A tetraploid species grown in small quantities that is extensively marketed. Originally from the Middle East
- Spelt -- (T. spelta) Another hexaploid species cultivated in limited quanties.
Agronomy
Several systems exist to identify crop stages (the Feekes scale, the Zadocks scale being the most widely used). Each scale is a standard system which describe successive stages reach by the crop during the agricultural season. Wheat spiklet with its three antheres sticking out
larger view
Wheat stages
- Wheat at anthesis stage (face and side view)
(larger)
(larger)
Diseases
Wheat is subject to more diseases than other grains, and, in some seasons, especially in wet ones, heavier losses are sustained from those diseases than are felt in the culture of any other culmiferous crop with which we are acquainted. Wheat may suffer from the attack of insects at the root; from blight, which primarily affects the leaf or straw, and ultimately deprives the grain of sufficient nourishment; from mildew on the ear, which operates thereon with the force of an apoplectic stroke; and from gum of different shades, which lodges on the chaff or cups in which the grain is deposited.
Examples of wheat diseases:
Bacterial disease
Fungal diseases
- Bacterial leaf blight Pseudomonas syringae subsp. syringae
- Bacterial sheath rot Pseudomonas fuscovaginae'
- Basal glume rot Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens
- Black chaff = bacterial streak Xanthomonas campestris pv. translucens
- Pink seed Erwinia rhapontici
Nematodes, parasitic
- Alternaria leaf blight Alternaria triticina
- Anthracnose Colletotrichum graminicola
- Ascochyta leaf spot Ascochyta tritici
- Black head molds = sooty molds Alternaria spp. , Cladosporium spp.
- Common bunt = stinking smut T. tritici, T. laevis
- Downy mildew = crazy top Sclerophthora macrospora
- Dwarf bunt Tilletia controversa
- Ergot Claviceps purpurea
- Foot rot = dryland foot rot Fusarium spp.
- Leaf rust = brown rust Puccinia triticina
- Pink snow mold = Fusarium patch Microdochium nivale
- Scab = head blight Fusarium spp., Gibberella zeae , Microdochium nivale...
- Septoria blotch Septoria tritici Roberge
- Storage molds Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp....
Viral diseases and viruslike agents
- Grass cyst nematode Punctodera punctata
- Root gall nematode Subanguina spp.
Phytoplasmal diseases
- Agropyron mosaic genus Rymovirus, Agropyron mosaic virus (AgMV)
- Barley stripe mosaic genus Hordeivirus, Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV)
- Oat sterile dwarf genus Fijivirus, Oat sterile dwarf virus (OSDV)
- Tobacco mosaic genus Tobamovirus, Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
- Wheat dwarf genus Monogeminivirus, Wheat dwarf virus (WDV)
- Wheat yellow mosaic Wheat yellow mosaic bymovirus
- Aster yellows phytoplasma
Economics
Harvested wheat grain is classified according to grain properties for the purposes of the commodities market. Wheat buyers use the classifications to help determine which wheat to purchase as each class has special uses. Wheat producers determine which classes of wheat are the most profitable to cultivate with this system.
Wheat in the United States
Classes used in the United-States are
Hard wheats are harder to process and red wheats may need bleaching. Therefore, soft and white wheats usually command higher prices than hard and red wheats on the commodities market.
- Durum -- Very hard, translucent, light colored grain used to make semolina flour for pasta.
- Hard Red Spring -- Hard, brownish, high protein wheat used for bread and hard baked goods.
- Hard Red Winter -- Hard, brownish, very high protein wheat used for bread, hard baked goods and as a adjunct in other flours to increase protein.
- Soft Red Winter -- Soft, brownish, medium protein wheat used for bread.
- Hard White -- Hard, light colored, opaque, chalky, medium protein wheat planted in dry, temperate areas. Used for bread and brewing
- Soft White -- Soft, light colored, very low protein wheat grown in temperate moist areas. Used for bread.
Much of the following text is taken from the Household Cyclopedia of 1881:
Wheat may be classed under two principal divisions, though each of these admits of several subdivisions. The first is composed of all the varieties of red wheat. The second division comprehends the whole varieties of white wheat, which again may be arranged under two distinct heads, namely, thick-chaffed and thin-chaffed.
The thick-chaffed varieties were formerly in greatest repute, generally yielding the whitest and finest flour, and, in dry seasons, not inferior in produce to the other; but since 1799, when the disease called mildew, to which they are constitutionally predisposed, raged so extensively, they have gradually been going out of fashion.
The thin-chaffed wheats are a hardy class, and seldom mildewed, unless the weather be particularly inimical during the stages of blossoming, filling, and ripening, though some of them are rather better qualified to resist that destructive disorder than others. In 1799, thin-chaffed wheats were seriously injured; and instances were not wanting to show, that an acre of them, with respect to value, exceeded an acre of thick-chaffed wheat, quantity and quality considered, not less than fifty per cent. Since that time, therefore, their culture has rapidly increased; and to this circumstance may, in a great measure, be attributed the high character which thin-chaffed wheats now bear.
See also
- Norin 10 wheat
- Fusarium ear blight
External Links
- The Kansas Wheat Commission
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Wheat."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
Wheat | English | Wheaton's | Publishing & Graphic Arts |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: WheatSynonyms: corn (n), wheat berry (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Choice | Select; pick and choose; pick out, single out; cull, glean, winnow; sift the chaff from the wheat, separate the chaff from the wheat, winnow the chaff from the wheat; pick up, pitch upon; pick one's way; indulge one;s fancy. |
Discrimination | Verb: discriminate, distinguish, severalize; recognize, match, identify; separate; draw the line, sift; separate the chaff from the wheat, winnow the chaff from the wheat; separate the men from the boys; split hairs, draw a fine line, nitpick, quibble. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Wheat |
| English words defined with "wheat": bulgur wheat ♦ durum wheat ♦ hard wheat ♦ maccaroni wheat, Mummy wheat ♦ puffed wheat ♦ soft wheat, Spring wheat, starch wheat, Summer wheat ♦ Wheat aphid, Wheat aphis, Wheat beetle, wheat berry, wheat eel, wheat eelworm, wheat field, wheat flag smut, wheat flour, Wheat fly, wheat future, wheat germ, wheat gluten, Wheat grass, Wheat louse, Wheat maggot, Wheat midge, Wheat moth, wheat rust, wheat scab, Wheat thief, Wheat thrips, Wheat weevil, whole wheat bread, whole wheat flour, wild wheat, Winter wheat. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "wheat": Australian Wheat Board ♦ Canadian Wheat Board, common wheat bunt ♦ dinkel wheat ♦ emmer wheat ♦ FLAKE MILLER, WHEAT AND OATS, flint wheat, Food Security Wheat Reserve ♦ germ of the wheat grain ♦ macaroni wheat ♦ shredded wheat, spelt wheat, stinking smut of wheat ♦ WHEAT CLEANER, wheat flakes. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "wheat": simnel. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Tasty Wheat. Did you ever eat Tasty Wheat (The Matrix; writing credit: Andy Wachowski; Larry Wachowski) We've got canned fruits and vegetables, canned fish and meats, hot and cold syrups, Post Toasties, Corn Flakes, Sugar Puffs, Rice Krispies, Oatmeal and Cream of Wheat. You got a dozen jugs of black molasses, we got sixty boxes of dried milk, thirty twelve-pound bags of sugar Now we got dried peaches, dried apricots, dried raisins and dried prunes (The Shining; writing credit: Stanley Kubrick) Is that vodka and wheat grass (The Simpsons; writing credit: Artur Brauner; Paul Hengge) I'd like an omelet, plain, and a chicken salad sandwich on wheat toast, no mayonnaise, no butter, no lettuce (Five Easy Pieces; writing credit: Carole Eastman; Bob Rafelson) He spent his childhood in the wheat, and his marriage in the hay. (Sextette; writing credit: Herbert Baker) | |
Lyrics | There are cornfields and wheat fields enough to grow ("What the World Needs Now Is Love"; performing artist: Jackie DeShannon) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Wheat (1967) How California Harvests Wheat (1919) Wheat and Tares: A Story of Two Boys Who Tackle Life on Diverging Lines (1915) A Corner in Wheat (1909) Scenes from Paper Wheat (1981) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
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Books |
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Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
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Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | The lasagna is made with spinach (as a substitute for meat), whole wheat pasta and low fat cheeses. This was a poster in "The Healthy Eating Tips" series. See artwork: PV-30. Credit: Len Rizzi (photographer). |  | A lunch sits on a blue tablecloth with a brown paper bag and red napkin. There are carrots, a pear, a sandwich on wheat bread with lettuce (chicken salad) and a carton of milk. See also AV-3905. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |
 | Approaching a station in an Oregon wheat field - White 3/4 ton truck Astro Party of C. V. Hodges. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | San Francisco waterfront as seen in: "Wheat Ports of the Pacific Coast" by Edwin S. Holmes, Jr. Published in: Yearbook of the United States Department of Agric ulture 1901. Plate LXXXII, p. 568. Library Call Number S21 .A2 . Credit: America's Coastlines. |
 | Portland, Oregon, waterfront. In: "Wheat Ports of the Pacific Coast" by Edwin S. Holmes, Jr. Published in: Yearbook of the United States Department of Agric ulture 1901. Plate LXXXIII, p. 570. Library Call Number S21 .A2 . Credit: America's Coastlines. |  | Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. Cow wheat - Melampyrum lineare at South Cape Beach. Credit: National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERR). |
 | Harvesting wheat at College Park, Maryland. 1909. Credit: USDA. |  | Wheat in the field. Yuma, Az. Credit: Jeff Vanuga. |
 | Irrigated wheat field in Yuma, Az. Credit: Jeff Vanuga. |  | African American farmers, Leo (R) and Edward Jenkins own and operate this farm in Washington County in the Mississippi Delta. The grow cotton, soybeans, wheat, and vegitables. Credit: USDA. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Wheat with Mountains" by William J. Ray Commentary: "In Central Anatolia you'll find seas of wheat blowing in the wind, particularly in the summer months." | "Wheat" by Uschi Hering Commentary: "Very close." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Burton | As threshing separates the wheat from the chaff, so does affliction purify virtue. |
Molinos | With the wind of tribulation God separates, in the floor of the soul, the wheat from the chaff. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
John Locke | 1690 | An acre of land, that bears here twenty bushels of wheat, and another in America, which, with the same husbandry, would do the like, are, without doubt, of the same natural intrinsic value: but yet the benefit mankind receives from the one in a year, is worth 5l. (Second Treatise of Government) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | Knowledge is a viaticum, thought is of primary necessity, truth is nourishment as well as wheat. |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | The short, lean wheat has been made big and productive |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | Nevertheless, we will not forget that some Egyptian wheat was handed down to us by a mummy |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Wheat J. Histoplasmosis. (references) | |
Dietary fiber, except for wheat bran, has little effect on calcium absorption. (references) | ||
Fructose - Fructose is naturally present in onions, artichokes, pears, and wheat. (references) | ||
Business | U.S. imports were mainly used for wheat farming, horticulture and floriculture. (references) | |
He points out that even a 10 percent loss is an amount equivalent to all of China's wheat imports. (references) | ||
Imported machinery from the U.S. was mainly for larger scale farmers, such as wheat farms, and for the horticultural industry. (references) | ||
Economic History | Costa Rica | No wheat is produced locally. (references) |
Nepal | Rice and wheat are the main food crops. (references) | |
Guyana | Its major agricultural import is wheat. (references) | |
Minorities | Tanzania | These ethnic groups continued to seek compensation for past government discrimination seeking to make them adopt a more modern lifestyle and to restrict their access to pastoral lands that were turned into large government wheat farms. (references) |
Political Economy | MALAYSIA | No restrictions are placed on wheat imports. (references) |
Nepal | Principal crops include rice, wheat, maize, jute, and potatoes. (references) | |
Trade | Saudi Arabia | Cigarettes, wheat, flour, dates, and long-life milk imports have a 100% tariff. (references) |
Saudi Arabia | Exports of oil, petroleum products, natural gas and wheat all require export licenses. (references) | |
Guyana | There are restrictions on importing firearms, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, wheat, and flour. (references) | |
Travel | Qatar | Dredging operations to establish an adjacent port facility for Qatar Flour Mill Company to handle wheat imports to Qatar have been completed. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Dwight Eisenhower | 1953-1961 | This common bond binds the grower of rice in Burma and the planter of wheat in Iowa, the shepherd in southern Italy and the mountaineer in the Andes. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Wheat" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Wheat" is used about 978 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 978 | 7,481 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "wheat" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Wheat | Last name | 5,000 | 2,571 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| Country | Name |
| Canada | Canadian Wheat Board |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "wheat": black wheat ♦ Buck wheat ♦ bulgar wheat groats ♦ bulgur wheat ♦ common wheat ♦ common wheat bunt ♦ cream of wheat ♦ crested wheat grass ♦ dinkel wheat ♦ Dog wheat ♦ durum wheat ♦ durum wheat meal ♦ emmer wheat ♦ fairway crested wheat grass ♦ flint wheat ♦ germ of the wheat grain ♦ German wheat ♦ Goat's wheat ♦ good wheat crop ♦ Guinea wheat ♦ hard wheat ♦ Indian wheat ♦ macaroni wheat ♦ maccaroni wheat ♦ mummy wheat ♦ puffed wheat ♦ Saskatchewan Wheat Pool ♦ separate the chaff from the wheat ♦ shredded wheat ♦ soft wheat ♦ sow with wheat ♦ spelt wheat ♦ spring wheat ♦ starch wheat ♦ stinking smut of wheat ♦ summer wheat ♦ Tartary wheat ♦ the wheat pit ♦ Turkey wheat ♦ wheat aphid ♦ wheat aphis ♦ wheat beetle ♦ wheat belt ♦ wheat berry ♦ wheat bread ♦ wheat crop ♦ wheat dealer ♦ wheat duck ♦ wheat ear ♦ wheat eel ♦ wheat eelworm ♦ wheat field ♦ wheat flag smut ♦ wheat flakes ♦ wheat flour ♦ wheat fly ♦ wheat future ♦ wheat germ ♦ Wheat Germ Agglutinin-Horseradish Peroxidase Conjugate ♦ Wheat Germ Agglutinins ♦ wheat germs ♦ wheat gluten ♦ wheat grass ♦ wheat jointworm ♦ wheat kernel ♦ wheat louse ♦ wheat maggot ♦ wheat meal ♦ wheat midge ♦ wheat moth ♦ Wheat Ridge ♦ wheat rust ♦ wheat sawfly ♦ wheat scab ♦ wheat soil ♦ wheat thief ♦ wheat thrips ♦ wheat weevil ♦ whole wheat ♦ whole wheat bread ♦ whole wheat flour ♦ wild wheat ♦ winter wheat. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "wheat": wheat-beer, wheat-buying, wheat-cakes, wheat-colored, wheat-coloured, wheat-consuming, wheat-ears, wheat-fields, wheat-free, wheat-germ, wheat-grass, wheat-grinding, wheat-growing, wheat-lands, wheat-red, wheat-rick, wheat-ricks, wheat-rye, wheat-sensitivity, wheat-tomato. | |
Ending with "wheat": cow-wheat, Entire-wheat, non-wheat, rye-wheat, whole-wheat, wine-olive-wheat. | |
Containing "wheat": cracked-wheat bread. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
wheat | 822 | brandon king wheat | 38 |
wheat grass | 341 | wheat gluten | 37 |
wheat penny | 231 | wheat germ oil | 36 |
wheat allergy | 223 | whole wheat recipe | 36 |
field of wheat | 163 | wheat free | 35 |
wheat germ | 144 | wheat penny value | 35 |
wheat ridge co | 105 | wheat intolerance | 34 |
wheat picture | 77 | wheat future | 33 |
wheat harvest | 59 | wheat flour | 32 |
cream of wheat | 57 | wheat free food | 32 |
wheat free recipe | 56 | wheat bread | 31 |
canadian wheat board | 55 | wheat grinder | 31 |
recipe for whole wheat bread | 52 | wheat ridge colorado | 31 |
saskatchewan wheat pool | 43 | durum italian pasta wheat | 30 |
wheat allergy symptom | 42 | wheat thins | 30 |
wheat free diet | 41 | wheat grass juicer | 27 |
wheat price | 41 | field picture wheat | 27 |
whole wheat bread | 41 | wheat weaving | 26 |
wheat bran | 41 | barley canola price wheat | 26 |
whole wheat pasta | 40 | wheat grain | 26 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "wheat"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | grurë (corn). (various references) | |
Arabic | قمح, حنطة (corn, grist). (various references) | |
Asturian | trigo. (various references) | |
Basque | gari (corn US). (various references) | |
Bemba | inganu. (various references) | |
Blackfoot | miiniinokoo. (various references) | |
Breton | gwinizh. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | жито (grain), житен (cereal, corny, grain, graminaceous, gramineous, wheaten), пшеничен (wheaten), пшеница (corn). (various references) | |
Cebuano | trigo. (various references) | |
Chamorro | trigu. (various references) | |
Chinese | 麥子 , 麥 (barley, oats), 麦子, 小麥 . (various references) | |
Czech | pšenice. (various references) | |
Danish | hvede. (various references) | |
Dutch | tarwe, weit. (various references) | |
Esperanto | tritiko. (various references) | |
Faeroese | hveiti. (various references) | |
Farsi | گندم . (various references) | |
Finnish | vehnä. (various references) | |
French | froment, blé. (various references) | |
Frisian | weet. (various references) | |
German | Weizen. (various references) | |
Greek | σιτάρι (corn), σίτος. (various references) | |
Hebrew | לחם (bread, grain, loaf, provision), חטה. (various references) | |
Hungarian | búza (corn, frumenty). (various references) | |
Icelandic | hveiti. (various references) | |
Indonesian | terigu (flour), gandum (buckwheat, cereal, grain, oat, wheat flour). (various references) | |
Inuktitut | palaugaaksaq. (various references) | |
Italian | frumento (corn), grano (bead, corn, grain). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 麦 (barley). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | パンこむぎ, こむぎ, むぎ (barley). (various references) | |
Korean | 밀 (mil). (various references) | |
Macedonian | zito. (various references) | |
Manx | curnaght. (various references) | |
Maori | wiiti. (various references) | |
Norwegian | hvete. (various references) | |
Occitan | blat (corn). (various references) | |
Papago | pilkani. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | eatwhay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | trigo (corn, swath). (various references) | |
Provencal | blat. (various references) | |
Romanian | grâu (cereals, corn, grain). (various references) | |
Romany | giv. (various references) | |
Ruanda | ingano. (various references) | |
Russian | пшеница (corn). (various references) | |
Samoan | saito. (various references) | |
Scottish | cruithneachd, cruineachd. (various references) | |
Sepedi | korong. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | pšenica, koljivo, žito (cereal, grain). (various references) | |
Shona | koroni. (various references) | |
Sicilian | granu. (various references) | |
Spanish | trigo (buckwheat, grain). (various references) | |
Swahili | ngano. (various references) | |
Swazi | kólo. (various references) | |
Swedish | vete (corn, wheaten). (various references) | |
Turkish | buğday (corn). (various references) | |
Turkmen | bugdaя. (various references) | |
Ukrainian | пшениця. (various references) | |
Welsh | gwenith. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Sumerian | 3100 BCE-2500 BCE | 1. gig. (various references) |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | siligo, siligo, siliginis, tritici, tritico, TRITICUM, Triticum aestivum Lin., Triticum spp, Triticum spp., triticus. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Matthew Chapter 13, Verse 25 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | En de tw kaqeudein touV anqrwpouV hlqen autou o ecqroV kai espeiren zizania ana meson tou sitou kai aphlqen |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Cum autem dormirent homines venit inimicus eius et superseminavit zizania in medio tritici et abiit |
| Old English | 990 | West Saxon | Soðlice þa þa men slepen. þa com hysfeonda sum & ofer-seow hit mid coccle onmiddam (sic) þam hwæte & ferden (sic) þanen. |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | And whanne men slepten, his enemy cam, and sewe aboue taris in the myddil of whete, and wente awei. |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | But whyll men slepte ther came his foo and sowed tares amoge ye wheate and wet his waye. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | But while men slept, his enemy came and sowed tares among the wheat, and went his way. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | But while men slept, his enemy came and sowed tares among the wheat, and departed. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | But while men were sleeping, one who had hate for him came and put evil seeds among the grain, and went away. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
