Viscosity

Definition: Viscosity

Viscosity

Noun

1. Resistance of a liquid to sheer forces (and hence to flow).

Domain	Definitions
Physics	The internal friction of a liquid. Source: European Union. (references)
Aerospace	That molecular property of a fluid which enables it to support tangential stresses for a finite time and thus to resist deformation; the ratio of shear stress divided by shearing strain. See viscosity coefficient. (references)
Environment	The molecular friction within a fluid that produces flow resistance. (references)
Geological	Measure of the fluidity of a substance. Taffy and molasses are very viscous; water has low viscosity. (Teacher's Packet)* Basalt is less viscous than dacite. (references)
Health	A physical property of fluids that determines the internal resistance to shear forces. (references)
Mechanical Engineering	Internal friction due to molecular cohesion in fluids. Source: European Union. (references)
Mining	The property of a fluid to offer internal resistance to flow; its internal friction. Specif., the ratio of the shear stress to the rate of shearstrain. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Viscosity is the "thickness" or "thinness" of a fluid; it is a property of fluids describing their internal resistance to flow and may be thought of as a measure of fluid friction. Rheology is the field of science that deals with viscosity; viscosity is measured with a viscometer.

If the viscosity of a fluid is constant (neglecting temperature and pressure effects) it is said to be a Newtonian fluid. Non-Newtonian fluids exhibit a variation of viscosity depending on gradients within the flow field, the history that a fluid 'particle' experiences on its flow path, etc. If the viscosity of a fluid depends solely on the gradients within the flow field it is called generalized Newtonian or purely Newtonian.

Generally, viscosity is measured at 25°C (standard state).

The viscosity of fluids is either given as absolute or dynamic viscosity η (1 Pa·s = 1 N·s/m² = 1 kg/m·s) or as kinematic viscosity ν (m²/s). Both terms are related via the fluid density ρ to each other: . The old smaller cgs physical unit for dynamic viscosity is poise after Jean Louis Marie Poiseuille (1797-1869): 1 poise = 100 centipoise = 1 g/cm·s = 0.1 Pa·s. The old unit for kinematic viscosity is stokes (in U.S called stoke) after George Gabriel Stokes (1819-1903): 1 stokes = 1 cm²/s = 0.0001 m²/s.

ASTM uses Cps.

Methanol is "thin", having a low viscosity, while vegetable oil is "thick" having a high viscosity.

Some dynamic viscosities of Newtonian fluids are listed below:

Gases (at 0 °C):

air 17.4 × 10^-6 Pa·s

hydrogen 8.4 × 10^-6 Pa·s

xenon 21.2 × 10^-6 Pa·s

Liquids (at 20 °C):

acetone 0.326 × 10^-3 Pa·s

benzene 0.64 × 10^-3 Pa·s

castor oil 985 × 10^-3 Pa·s

ethyl alcohol 0.248 × 10^-3 Pa·s

glycerol 1485 × 10^-3 Pa·s

methanol 0.59 × 10^-3 Pa·s

mercury 17.0 × 10^-3 Pa·s

nitrobenzol 2.0 × 10^-3 Pa·s

sulfuric acid 30 × 10^-3 Pa·s

olive oil 81 × 10^-3 Pa·s

pitch 10⁷ Pa·s

water 1.025 × 10^-3 Pa·s

Contrary to many assertions, glass is an amorphous solid, not a liquid, and it does not flow, but still we can talk about its viscosity. See the article on glass for more details on this.

Many fluids such as honey have a wide range of viscosity.

Viscosity is also an out-of-print image and animation editing utility published by Sonic Foundry. It can work with PNG, GIF, JPG/JPEG, BMP, AVI and its native VSC format.

The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted.
Entry	Source	Expression	Field
VI	English	Viscosity Index	Meteorology & Standards
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

Synonym: Viscosity

Synonym: viscousness (n). (additional references)

Context	Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).
Semiliquidity	Noun: semiliquidity; stickiness. Adjective: viscidity, viscosity; gummosity, glutinosity, mucosity; spissitude, crassitude; lentor; adhesiveness. (cohesion).
Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

Domain	Title
References	The World Market for Microtomes and Instruments for Physical or Chemical Analysis and for Measuring or Checking Viscosity, Porosity, or Quanities of Heat, Sound, or Light: A 2004 Global Trade Perspective (reference) (more reference examples)

Books	Controlled Markov Processes and Viscosity Solutions (Applications of Mathematics, Vol. 25) (reference) Data Book on the Viscosity of Liquids (reference) Free Surface Flows with Viscosity (Advances in Fluid Mechanics Ser., V.16) (reference) VISCOSITY (reference) (more book examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Thumbnail	Description & Credit
	Figure 47. Viscometer, used to measure the viscosity of a liquid. This instrument worked by measuring the force which opposed the rotation of a disk or a cylinder which was immersed in the liquid.Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Subject	Topic	Quote
Health		Heavy alcohol consumption, though, may seriously deplete platelet numbers and compromise blood clotting and blood viscosity, leading to hemorrhage. (references)
		In addition, heavy drinking or binge drinking can lead to a rebound effect after the alcohol is purged from the body. The consequences of this rebound effect are that blood viscosity (thickness) and platelet levels skyrocket after heavy drinking, increasing the risk for ischemic stroke. (references)
Business		Kazakhstani oil has high viscosity and high paraffin content, and the Caspian Basin's oil bearing formations are quite deep (15,000 feet), under considerable pressure, and often contain a high degree of sulfur and other contaminants. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

"Viscosity" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Viscosity" is used about 160 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Noun (singular)	100%	160	24,760

Expressions using "viscosity": absolute viscosity ♦ Blood Viscosity ♦ coefficient of viscosity ♦ constant viscosity rubber ♦ dynamic viscosity ♦ kinematic viscosity ♦ newtonian viscosity ♦ normal viscosity ♦ unit of viscosity ♦ viscosity density ratio. Additional references.
Hypenated Usage
	Ending with "viscosity": low-viscosity.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.

Language		Translations for "viscosity"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Albanian		viskozitet, veshtulli. (various references)

Arabic		‏لزوجة (glueyness, stickiness, viscidity), ‏تلزج. (various references)

Bulgarian		вискозност (viscidity), вискозитет (viscidity), лепкавост (adhesiveness, stickiness, stringiness, tack, viscidity). (various references)

Chinese		粘度. (various references)

Czech		viskozita, vazkost, lepkavost (clamminess, stickiness). (various references)

Danish		viskositet (fluidity), viscositas, tyktflydenhed. (various references)

Dutch		viscositeit. (various references)

Farsi		چسبناکی , ناروانی . (various references)

Finnish		viskositeetti, sitkaisuus, sisäinen kitka. (various references)

French		viscosité (absolute viscosity, dynamic viscosity, viscidity). (various references)

German		Zähflüssigkeit (thickness), Viskosität. (various references)

Greek		κολλώδεσ (gumminess, pastiness, stickiness), γλοιώδεσ (clamminess, sliminess, viscidity, viscidness, viscousness), ιξώδεσ, ιξώδες (viscous). (various references)

Hebrew		צמי�'ות (adhesiveness, ropiness, stickiness). (various references)

Hungarian		viszkozitás (viscidity). (various references)

Indonesian		kekentalan (thickness (liquid)). (various references)

Italian		viscosit� (adhesiveness, clamminess, cleavability, stickiness). (various references)

Japanese Kanji		粘着力 (adhesive power), 粘着性 (adhesion, stickiness), 粘度 , 粘性 , 粘り (stickiness). (various references)

Japanese Katakana		ねばり (stickiness), ね�"ど (clay, fiscal year, school year, term, year), ね�"せい (pupil in .... year, student in .... year), ね�"ちゃくせい (adhesion, stickiness), ね�"ちゃくりょく (adhesive power). (various references)

Korean		� �성 (Viscid, Viscous). (various references)

Manx		reenid (doggedness, inflexibility, rigidity, starkness, stiffness, toughness, wiriness, wiriness of person), gleiynaght (stickiness, viscidity). (various references)

Pig Latin		iscosityvay

Portuguese		viscosidade (clamminess, cloggyness, consistence, consistency, lentor, tenacity, viscidity, viscousness). (various references)

Romanian		viscozitate (clamminess, mucilage, ropiness, tack). (various references)

Russian		клейкость (adhesiveness, clamminess, pastiness, stickiness), вязкость (oiliness, tenacity, toughness), липкость (clamminess, pastiness, stickiness, tack). (various references)

Serbo-Croatian		viskoznost. (various references)

Spanish		viscosidad (adhesiveness, clamminess, ropiness, sliminess, viscidity). (various references)

Swedish		viskositet. (various references)

Turkish		viskozite, yarı sıvılık. (various references)

Ukranian		в'язкість (clamminess, ropiness, stickiness, viscidity). (various references)

Vietnamese		tính sền sệt (viscidity, viscousness), tính nhớt tính dẻo (viscidity, viscousness), tính lầy nhầy (viscidity, viscousness), tính dính (glutinosity, viscidity, viscousness). (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

Derivations
	Words ending with "viscosity": hyperviscosity. (additional references)
Misspellings
	"Viscosity" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: vescosity, vicosity, viscocity, viscoscity, viscosit, viscositu, viscositys. (additional references)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

# of Phoneme Matches	Pronunciation	Word(s) rhyming with "viscosity" (pronounced vi'skÄ"sutē)
5	-Ä" s u t ē	animosity, atrocity, curiosity, ferocity, generosity, monstrosity, pomposity, reciprocity, religiosity, velocity, virtuosity.
4	-s u t ē	adversity, analyticity, audacity, authenticity, biodiversity, capacity, complexity, complicity, density, diversity, domesticity, duplicity, eccentricity, elasticity, electricity, ethnicity, falsity, Felicity, incapacity, intensity, laxity, mendacity, multiplicity, necessity, obesity, opacity, overcapacity, paucity, perplexity, perversity, propensity, publicity, scarcity, simplicity, specificity, tenacity, toxicity, university, varsity, veracity, voracity.
3	-u t ē	ability, abnormality, absurdity, acceptability, accessibility, accountability, acidity, activity, actuality, acuity, adaptability, admissibility, advisability, affinity, affordability, aggressivity, agility, alacrity, alkalinity, ambiguity, amenity, amiability, amity, annuity, anonymity, antiquity, anxiety, applicability, austerity, authority, availability, banality, barbarity, believability, bestiality, bisexuality, brevity, brutality, calamity, capability, captivity, causality, cavity, celebrity, centrality, charity, chastity, civility, clarity, collegiality, commodity, commonality, community, comparability, compatibility, comprehensibility, conditionality, conductivity, confidentiality, conformity, congeniality, congruity, connectivity, constitutionality, continuity, convertibility, creativity, credibility, credulity, criminality, criticality, crotchety, culpability, cyclicality, debility, deductibility, deformity, deity, deniability, dependability, depravity, deputy, desirability, dexterity, dignity, dimensionality, disability, discontinuity, disparity, dissimilarity, disunity, divinity, docility, duality, ductility, durability, electability, eligibility, enforceability, enmity, enormity, entity, equality, equanimity, equity, eternity, eventuality, exclusivity, expressivity, extraterritoriality, extremity, facility, fallibility, familiarity, fatality, feasibility, femininity, fertility, festivity, fidelity, finality, flammability, flexibility, fluidity, formality, fragility, fraternity, frivolity, frugality, functionality, futility, generality, geniality, gentility, gratuity, gravity, gullibility, heredity, heterogeneity, heterosexuality, hilarity, homogeneity, homosexuality, hospitality, hostility, humanity, humidity, humility, hyperactivity, hypersensitivity, identity, illegality, illiquidity, immaturity, immobility, immorality, immortality, immunity, impartiality, impersonality, impossibility, impropriety, impunity, impurity, inability, inaccessibility, inactivity, incivility, incompatibility, incongruity, incredulity, indemnity, indestructibility, indignity, individuality, inequality, inequity, inevitability, infallibility, inferiority, infertility, infidelity, infinity, infirmity, inflexibility, informality, ingenuity, inhumanity, insanity, insecurity, insensitivity, instability, instrumentality, insularity, integrity, invincibility, invisibility, invulnerability, irrationality, irregularity, irresponsibility, irritability, laity, legality, legibility, lethality, levity, liability, liberality, liquidity, lividity, locality, longevity, majority, malleability, maneuverability, marketability, masculinity, materiality, maternity, maturity, mediocrity, mentality, minority, miscibility, mobility, modality, modernity, morality, morbidity, mortality, motility, municipality, musicality, mutuality, nationality, nativity, negativity, neutrality, nobility, Nonconformity, nonentity, nonutility, normality, notoriety, nudity, objectivity, obscenity, obscurity, oddity, opportunity, originality, oversensitivity, palatability, parity, partiality, particularity, passivity, paternity, peculiarity, permeability, perpetuity, personality, piety, plausibility, plurality, polarity, polity, popularity, portability, possibility, posterity, practicality, predictability, principality, priority, probability, probity, proclivity, productivity, profanity, profitability, progressivity, promiscuity, proportionality, propriety, prosperity, proximity, punctuality, purity, quality, quantity, radioactivity, rapidity, rarity, rationality, reactivity, readability, reality, receptivity, reflexivity, regularity, relativity, reliability, respectability, responsibility, retroactivity, rickety, rigidity, salinity, sanctity, sanity, seasonality, security, selectivity, senility, seniority, sensibility, sensitivity, sensuality, sentimentality, serendipity, serenity, severity, sexuality, similarity, sincerity, sobriety, society, solemnity, solidarity, solidity, sorority, speciality, spirituality, spontaneity, stability, sterility, stupidity, subjectivity, suitability, superconductivity, superfluidity, superiority, supermajority, surety, survivability, susceptibility, sustainability, technicality, temerity, theatricality, timidity, tonality, totality, tranquility, transferability, Trinity, triviality, turbidity, ubiquity, unanimity, unavailability, unfamiliarity, uniformity, unity, universality, unpopularity, unpredictability, unreality, unreliability, uppity, utility, validity, vanity, variability, variety, velvety, venality, Verity, versatility, viability, vicinity, virginity, virility, visibility, vitality, volatility, vulgarity, vulnerability.
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "c-i-i-o-s-s-t-v-y"
	-3 letters: stoics, visits.
	-4 letters: cissy, cists, costs, cysts, scots, stoic, visit.
	-5 letters: cist, city, coss, cost, cosy, cots, coys, cyst, otic, scot, sics, sits, sots, soys, tics, tivy, toss, toys.
	Words containing the letters "c-i-i-o-s-s-t-v-y"
	+4 letters: associatively, associativity.
	+5 letters: hyperviscosity.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

56 69 73 63 6F 73 69 74 79

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)

⁼

Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)

Braille (1829, in France) (references)

Morse Code (1836) (references)

...- .. ... -.-. --- ... .. - -.--.

Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01010110 01101001 01110011 01100011 01101111 01110011 01101001 01110100 01111001

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#86 &#105 &#115 &#99 &#111 &#115 &#105 &#116 &#121

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

0056 0069 0073 0063 006F 0073 0069 0074 0079

British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

Expression	Frequency per Day	Expression	Frequency per Day
viscosity	205	viscosity cup	12
standard viscosity	120	printing viscosity	10
oil viscosity	98	viscosity table	10
measure viscosity	53	pulp viscosity	9
viscosity water	45	coating viscosity	9
viscosity measurement	43	viscosity index	9
viscosity meter	37	flexo viscosity	8
paint viscosity	32	flow fluid resistance viscosity	8
measuring viscosity	30	blood viscosity	8
dilute solution viscosity	30	viscosity control	7
conversion viscosity	25	brookfield viscosity	7
ink viscosity	23	high viscosity mixer	7
unit viscosity	20	kinematic oil viscosity	7
intrinsic viscosity	19	symbol viscosity	6
high viscosity	17	data sheet viscosity	6
kinemetic viscosity	17	definition viscosity	6
kinematic viscosity	16	dynamic viscosity	6
air viscosity	15	viscosity tester	6
motor oil viscosity	14	gas viscosity	6
chocolate viscosity	13	fluid viscosity	5
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Viscosity

Definition: Viscosity

Viscosity

Noun

Specialty Definitions: Viscosity

Specialty Definition: Viscosity

Abbreviations & Acronyms: Viscosity

Synonym: Viscosity

Synonyms within Context: Viscosity

Semiliquidity

Crosswords: Viscosity

Commercial Usage: Viscosity

References

Books

Photo Album: Viscosity

Non-Fiction Usage: Viscosity

Usage Frequency: Viscosity

Expression: Viscosity

Frequency of Internet Keywords: Viscosity

viscosity

viscosity cup

standard viscosity

printing viscosity

oil viscosity

viscosity table

measure viscosity

pulp viscosity

viscosity water

coating viscosity

viscosity measurement

viscosity index

viscosity meter

flexo viscosity

paint viscosity

flow fluid resistance viscosity

measuring viscosity

blood viscosity

dilute solution viscosity

viscosity control

conversion viscosity

brookfield viscosity

ink viscosity

high viscosity mixer

unit viscosity

kinematic oil viscosity

intrinsic viscosity

symbol viscosity

high viscosity

data sheet viscosity

kinemetic viscosity

definition viscosity

kinematic viscosity

dynamic viscosity

air viscosity

viscosity tester

motor oil viscosity

gas viscosity

chocolate viscosity

fluid viscosity

Modern Translations: Viscosity

Albanian

Arabic

Bulgarian

Chinese

Czech

Danish

Dutch

Farsi

Finnish

French

German

Greek

Hebrew

Hungarian

Indonesian

Italian

Japanese Kanji

Japanese Katakana

Korean

Manx