Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK

Specialty Definition: VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK

DomainDefinition

Computing

Virtual Private Network (VPN) The use of encryption in the lower protocol layers to provide a secure connection through an otherwise insecure network, typically the Internet. VPNs are generally cheaper than real private networks using private lines but rely on having the same encryption system at both ends. The encryption may be performed by firewall software or possibly by routers. Link-level (layer 2 and 3) encryption provides extra protection by encrypting all of each datagram except the link-level information. This prevents a listener from obtaining information about network structure. While link-level encryption prevents traffic analysis (a form of attack), it must encrypt/decrypt on every hop and every path. Protocol-level encryption (layer 3 and 4) encryption encrypts protocol data but leaves protocol and link headers clear. While protocol-level encryption requires you to encrypt/decrypt data only once, and it encrypts/decrypts only those sessions that need it, headers are sent as clear text, allowing traffic analysis. Application (layer 5 up) encryption encryption is based on a particular application and requires that the application be modified to incorporate encryption. Cisco (http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/lan/cat5000/cnfg_nts/rsm/rsm_pa/4801encr.htm). (1999-11-15). Source: The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Virtual private network

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

A Virtual Private Network, or VPN, is a private communications network used within a company, or by several different companies or organisations, communicating over a public network. VPN message traffic is carried on public networking infrastucture (ie, the Internet) using standard (possibly insecure) protocols.

VPNs use cryptographic tunneling protocols to provide the necessary confidentiality (preventing snooping), sender authentication (preventing identity spoofing), and message integrity (preventing message alteration) to achieve the privacy intended. When properly chosen, implemented, and used, such techniques can indeed provide secure communications over insecure networks.

Note that such choice, implementation, and use are not trivial and there are many insecure VPN schemes on the market. Users are cautioned to investigate products they propose to use very carefully. 'VPN' is a label which, by itself, provides little except a marketing tag.

VPN technologies may also be used to enhance security as a 'security overlay' within dedicated networking infrastructures.

VPN protocols include:

Multi-protocol label switching can be used to build VPNs.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Virtual private network."

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Crosswords: VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK

Specialty definitions using "VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK": VPN. (references)

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Commercial Usage: VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK

DomainTitle

References

  • Virtual Private Network Service in Taiwan: A Strategic Entry Report, 1999 (reference)

    (more reference examples)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Non-Fiction Usage: VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK

SubjectTopicQuote

Business

OmniLink is a virtual private network division of Linx Holdings (a Dimension Data, Nedcor and Old Mutual joint venture company). (references)

Part of this service also includes Concert's LAN Direct service which uses the Internet protocol to transport data through a very fast, dedicated pipeline, he says. In essence LAN direct provides a virtual private network that allows companies to use the Internet, but have the added advantage of managed routing and security. (references)

Earlier forms of value-added services included services such as toll free numbers, call-waiting, call-forwarding, voicemail, and caller ID. Recently, the emphasis has shifted towards wireless data and Internet related services such as short message system (SMS), unified messaging, Voice over IP (VoIP), Video over IP, WAP, and virtual private network. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

virtual private network

381

vpn virtual private network

23

enterprise virtual private network

14

internet security virtual private network

13

virtual private network setup

10

virtual private network solution

8

virtual private network services

8

definition of virtual private network

5

set up a virtual private network

5

virtual private network software

3

setting up a virtual private network

3
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Alternative Orthography: VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK


Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

56 49 52 54 55 41 4C      50 52 49 56 41 54 45      4E 45 54 57 4F 52 4B

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

        

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01010110 01001001 01010010 01010100 01010101 01000001 01001100 00100000 01010000 01010010 01001001 01010110 01000001 01010100 01000101 00100000 01001110 01000101 01010100 01010111 01001111 01010010 01001011

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#86 &#73 &#82 &#84 &#85 &#65 &#76 &#32 &#80 &#82 &#73 &#86 &#65 &#84 &#69 &#32 &#78 &#69 &#84 &#87 &#79 &#82 &#75

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

0056 0049 0052 0054 0055 0041 004C      0050 0052 0049 0056 0041 0054 0045      004E 0045 0054 0057 004F 0052 004B

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

56435254553546250524356355439248395457495245

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INDEX

1. Crosswords
2. Usage: Commercial
3. Quotations: Non-fiction
4. Expressions: Internet
5. Orthography
6. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.