Viral

Definition: Viral

Viral

Adjective

1. Relating to or caused by a virus; "viral infection".

Date "viral" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1985. (references)

Specialty Definitions: Viral

Domain	Definitions
Health	Pertaining to, caused by, or of the nature of virus. (references)
Medicine	Pertaining to or caused by a virus. Source: European Union. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Abbreviations & Acronyms: Viral

The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted.
Entry	Source	Expression	Field
VIR	English	Viral Infectivity Restrictions	N/A
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Crosswords: Viral

English words defined with "viral": acute anterior poliomyelitis ♦ canine distemper, cattle plague, cell-mediated immune response, cold, common cold, cowpox ♦ ebola virus, echovirus, encroachment, epidemic parotitis, epidemic roseola, exanthema subitum ♦ flu, fowl pest ♦ German measles, green monkey disease, grippe ♦ haemorrhagic fever, hemorrhagic fever, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, herpangia, herpes, hydrophobia ♦ infantile paralysis, infectious hepatitis, influenza, intrusion, invasion, Ixodes ricinus ♦ Lassa fever, lygus bug, lyssa ♦ madness, Marburg disease, Marburg-ebola disease, measles, morbilli, Mosaic, mumps, myxomatosis ♦ pappataci fever, phlebotomus, polio, poliomyelitis, pseudorubella ♦ rabies, Reye's syndrome, Rift Valley fever, rinderpest, roseola infantilis, roseola infantum, rubella, rubeola ♦ sandfly fever, serum hepatitis, sheeptick, smallpox ♦ three-day measles, trachoma ♦ vaccinia, variola, viral hepatitis, viral infection, viral pneumonia, virion, virology ♦ yellow spot. (references)

Specialty definitions using "viral": Central Nervous System Viral Diseases, Conjunctivitis, Viral, Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ♦ Genes, Structural, Viral ♦ Hepatitis, Viral, Animal, Hepatitis, Viral, Human ♦ Oncogene Proteins, Viral ♦ Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral ♦ Viral Fusion Proteins, viral gene expression, Viral Hepatitis Vaccines, Viral Load, Viral Matrix Proteins, Viral Nonstructural Proteins, Viral Regulatory Proteins, Viral Structural Proteins, Viral Vaccines, viral vector. (references)

Non-English Usage: "Viral" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses.

Albanian (viral), Danish (viral), French (viral), German (viral), Portuguese (viral), Spanish (viral).

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Modern Usage: Viral

Domain

Usage

Screenplays

Well what is it a viral love kind of a 24 hour thing? (Postcards from the Edge; writing credit: Carrie Fisher)

Enough! Breach this firewall with your viral energies or suffer! (ReBoot; writing credit: Christy Marx; Mark Leiren-Young)

Unknown, even to its own employees, its massive profits are generated by military technology, genetic experimentation and viral weaponry. (Resident Evil; writing credit: Paul W.S. Anderson)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: Viral

Domain	Title
References	Advanced Viral Research Corp: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference) The Official Patient's Sourcebook on Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (reference) (more reference examples)

Books	Viral hepatitis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (reference) Adenovirus DNA: The Viral Genome and Its Expression (Developments in Molecular Virology) (reference) Andrographis Paniculata: Can herbs fight common ailments, cancer, and chronic viral infections? (reference) Antibodies in Viral Infection (Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 260) (reference) 21st Century Bioterrorism and Germ Weapons - U.S. Army Field Manual for the Treatment of Biological Warfare Agent Casualties (Anthrax, Smallpox, Plague, Viral Fevers, Toxins, Delivery Methods, Detection, Symptoms, Treatment, Equipment) (reference) (more book examples)

Theater & Movies	Viral Assassins (reference) (more DVD examples; more video examples)

Music	Viral Extinction (reference) Viral Sonata (reference) (more classical music examples; more popular music examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Photo Album: Viral

Thumbnail	Description & Credit	Thumbnail	Description & Credit
	The earliest visible stage of HIV replication occurs when viral proteins accumulate under the cell membrane in a process called budding (a). In the next stage a crescent shaped early bud has constricted, forming a membrane-encapsulated sphere, with the dense center called a viral nucleoid (b). As the constricting process continues, the virus pinches off and becomes free extracellular infectious virus (c). At this stage, the dark circular mucleoid condenses into a bar; this morphologic feature is used to discriminate HIV-I from HTLV-II and HTLV-III. See artwork: GR-31.Credit: Dr. Matthew Gonda (photographer).		The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-I) enters the T-lymphocyte where the virus loses its outer envelop, releasing its RNA and its reverse transcriptase. The reverse transcriptase builds a complimentary DNA strand from the viral RNA template. The DNA helix is inserted into the host genome. When this is transcribed by the infected cell, the new viral RNA and proteins are produced to form new viruses that then bud from the cell membrane, thus completing the life cycle of the virus. See artwork: GR-32.Credit: Trudy Nicholson (artist).
	Lesions are sites of extramedullary hematopoiesis and can be associated with several different congenital viral infections and hematologic diseases.Credit: CDC.		Cell fusion producing a large multinucleated cell is a viral cytopathic effect characteristic, but not diagnostic, of infection by HIV-1. Some other viruses can cause this as well.Credit: CDC.
	Machupo Virus is a member of the Arenavirus family, isolated in the Beni province of Bolivia in 1963; Viral hemorrhagic Fever.Credit: CDC.		Multinucleation is a viral cytopathic effect caused by several viruses including HIV.Credit: CDC.
	Cone-shaped cores are sectioned in various orientations. Viral genomic RNA is located in the electron-dense wide end of core.Credit: CDC.		At times non-infectious conjunctivitis, as well as other corneal abnormalities may manifest themselves due to the body's systemic response to viral infections such as infectious mononucleosis, or Epstein-Barr Virus.Credit: CDC.
	This was shot during the early construction of the CDC's new virology building. Maximum containment equipment and facilities would help CDC scientists do viral research for health problems of the 21st century.Credit: CDC.		Steel and concrete climb before the catwalk as CDC's new virology building goes up. Maximum containment equipment and facilities continue to help CDC scientists do viral research for health problems of the 21st century.Credit: CDC.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Viral

Subject	Topic	Quote
Health		It is a rare cause of acute viral encephalitis. (references)
		Transverse myelitis often develops following viral infections. (references)
		Meningitis is usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection. (references)
Business		The medicinal and pharmaceutical preparations sub-sector, which accounts for about 6% of the chemical sector's total output, consists mainly of the manufacture, fabrication and processing of drugs and medicines, including biological products such as bacterial and viral vaccines, serums and plasmas. (references)
Travel	Barbados	Barbados is experiencing a growing problem with dengue fever, a mosquito-borne viral illness. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Usage Frequency: Viral

"Viral" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 95.77% of the time. "Viral" is used about 260 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Adjective (general or positive)	95.77%	249	18,850
Noun (singular)	2.31%	6	143,867
Noun (proper)	1.92%	5	157,705
Total	100.00%	260	N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Usage in Company Names: Viral

Country	Name
USA	Advanced Viral Research Corp
	(more examples...)

Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.

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Expression: Viral

Expressions using "viral": bovine viral diarrhea ♦ bovine viral leukosis ♦ Central Nervous System Viral Diseases ♦ equine viral arteritis ♦ equine viral encephalomyelitis ♦ gene tranfer via viral vectors ♦ viral coat ♦ viral coat protein ♦ Viral Core Proteins ♦ viral disease ♦ viral encephalopathy and retinopathy ♦ Viral Envelope Proteins ♦ Viral Fusion Proteins ♦ viral gene expression ♦ Viral Hepatitis ♦ viral hepatitis type A ♦ viral hepatitis type B ♦ Viral Hepatitis Vaccines ♦ viral infection ♦ Viral Interference ♦ Viral Load ♦ Viral Matrix Proteins ♦ Viral Nonstructural Proteins ♦ Viral Pharyngitis ♦ Viral Physiology ♦ viral pneumonia ♦ viral polymerase ♦ Viral Proteins ♦ Viral Regulatory Proteins ♦ Viral Structural Proteins ♦ Viral Tail Proteins ♦ viral vaccine ♦ Viral Vaccines ♦ viral vector. Additional references.
Hyphenated Usage
	Beginning with "viral": viral-hepatitis.
	Ending with "viral": anti-viral.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Viral

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.

Expression	Frequency per Day	Expression	Frequency per Day
viral meningitis	403	viral rashes	23
viral infection	336	viral syndrome	21
viral marketing	190	chart lycos viral	20
viral	137	fever hemorrhagic terrorist viral	20
viral hepatitis	86	viral skin infection	19
viral pneumonia	84	anti viral	17
viral conjunctivitis	73	viral spinal meningitis	17
viral encephalitis	50	pharyngitis viral	17
viral disease	49	labyrinthitis viral	16
viral traffic	39	viral cardiomyopathy	14
viral rash	35	aguda hepatitis viral	14
chart viral	32	viral video	13
lycos viral	31	viral skin rash	13
viral load	27	viral bronchitis	13
viral traffic building	27	business home viral	13
symptom of a viral infection	26	exanthem viral	13
viral meningitis symptom	25	factory viral	13
viral wart	25	viral arthritis	13
viral gastroenteritis	24	viral myocarditis	13
viral throat infection	24	c hepatitis load viral	11
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translations: Viral

Language		Translations for "viral"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Albanian		viral. (various references)

Arabic		‏فيروسي, ‏متعلق بالفيروس. (various references)

Bulgarian		вирусен (virus). (various references)

Chinese		病�' (Virus, viruses). (various references)

Czech		virový. (various references)

Danish		viral. (various references)

Dutch		viraal. (various references)

Farsi		ویروسی , وابسته به ویروس . (various references)

Finnish		virusperäinen, virus-, viraalinen. (various references)

French		viral. (various references)

German		Virus..., virus-, viral. (various references)

Greek		ιογενής. (various references)

Hebrew		� �'יפי. (various references)

Hungarian		vírusos, vírus-. (various references)

Italian		virale. (various references)

Japanese Kanji		ウイルス病 (jacket, Vienna coffee, Vienna sausage, Viennese, Viennese waltz, viral disease, virus disease, wait, waiter, waitress, Weber, Wiener, Wimbledon, winch, wind, windbreaker, windfall, windjacket, window, window display, window dressing, window shopping, Windsor char, windsurfer, windsurfing, wing, wing collar, wink, Winker, winter resort, winter sports). (various references)

Japanese Katakana		ウイルスびょう (viral disease, virus disease). (various references)

Korean		�"이러스성. (various references)

Pig Latin		iralvay

Portuguese		viral, relativo a vírus. (various references)

Russian		вирусный (virus). (various references)

Serbo-Croatian		virusni (virus). (various references)

Spanish		viral, vírico. (various references)

Swedish		virusvektor (viral vector), virussjukdom (viral disease, virosis, virus disease), viruskapsidantigen (viral-capsid antigen), virusbetingad encephalomyelit hos häst (equine encephalitis, equine encephalomyelitis, equine viral encephalomyelitis), virusantigen (viral antigen), virusabort hos häst (viral abortion of mares), viros (viral disease, virosis, virus disease), viralt antigen (viral antigen), viral p24-antigenemi (viral p24 antigenemia), kapsid (capsid, viral coat), encephalomyelit hos häst (equine encephalitis, equine encephalomyelitis, equine viral encephalomyelitis), encephalit hos häst (equine encephalitis, equine encephalomyelitis, equine viral encephalomyelitis). (various references)

Turkish		virüse ait. (various references)

Ukranian		вірусний. (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Viral

Derivations
	Words beginning with "viral": virally. (additional references)
	Words ending with "viral": adenoviral, antiviral, decemviral, enteroviral, myxoviral, nonviral, proviral, retroviral, subviral. (additional references)
Misspellings
	"Viral" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Aviram, Bioral, ciral, Hiral, iral, Irala, Nirali, piral, vabra, varal, varas, varl, verad, verae, veral, verial, veril, verl, verle, verra, Veyrat, viar, viard, vigal, vimal, vinal, vir, vira, viras, virbal, vireal, virel, virex, virey, virga, viri, viril, virit, virl, virle, viro, virol, virola, virual, virul, virum, virun, visal, vitra, vitral, Viura, vival, vra, vrai, vril, vural, vynal. (additional references)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Viral"

# of Phoneme Matches	Pronunciation	Word(s) rhyming with "viral" (pronounced vī"rul)
5	v ī" r u l	antiviral.
4	-ī" r u l	spiral.
3	-r u l	amoral, ancestral, apparel, astral, aural, auroral, austral, Balmoral, barrel, Beryl, boral, Carle, Carol, carrel, cathedral, central, cerebral, choral, coral, feral, floral, gambrel, goral, immoral, imperil, integral, intramural, laurel, Loral, minstrel, mistral, mitral, moral, mural, neural, neutral, nostril, octahedral, oral, orchestral, peril, plural, quarrel, rural, scoundrel, several, Sorel, Sorrel, sterile, tetrahedral, ventral, vertebral, virile.
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Viral

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Direct Anagrams: rival.
	Words within the letters "a-i-l-r-v"
	-1 letter: aril, lair, lari, liar, lira, rail, rial, vail, vair, vial, virl.
	-2 letters: ail, air, lar, lav, ria, var, via.
	-3 letters: ai, al, ar, la, li.
	Words containing the letters "a-i-l-r-v"
	+1 letter: rivals.
	+2 letters: arrival, bolivar, caviler, clavier, leavier, olivary, ovarial, prevail, ravelin, ravioli, reavail, revisal, revival, rivaled, rivalry, travail, trivial, valeric, variola, variole, vealier, velaria, vicarly, virally, virelai, virelay, virtual.
	+3 letters: acervuli, archival, arrivals, avicular, biovular, bolivars, calvaria, carnival, cavalier, cavilers, caviller, cervical, chivalry, claviers, corrival, cultivar, deprival, drivable, gravidly, interval, lavalier, lavisher, lawgiver, levirate, livetrap, nonrival, nonviral, outrival, ovariole, overlaid, overlain, parvolin, prevails, primeval, proviral, pulvinar, raveling, ravelins, ravingly, raviolis, reavails, relative, reviewal, revisals, revivals, rivaling, rivalled, salivary, savorily, shrieval, subviral, survival, travails, trivalve, valerian, valkyrie, valorise, valorize, variable, variably, variedly, varietal, variolar, variolas, varioles, vaultier, velarium, velarize, vertical, vexillar, vicarial, villager, violater, violator, virelais, virelays, virginal, visceral, vizirial, vortical.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.