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Definitions: Virtue |
VirtueNoun1. The quality of doing what is right and avoiding what is wrong. 2. Any admirable quality or attribute; "work of great merit". 3. Morality with respect to sexual relations. 4. A particular moral excellence. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "virtue" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
Etymology: Virtue \Vir"tue\, noun. [from Old English expression vertu, French vertu, from Latin expression virtus strength, courage, excellence, virtue, from vir man. See Virile, and compare to Virtu.]. (Websters 1913) |
| Domain | Definitions |
19th Century Satire | A quality oftentimes associated with intelligence, but rarely with beauty. Source: Foolish Dictionary, 1904. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The four classic Western "cardinal" virtues are:
The list of Western virtues goes back at least as far as Plato, in The Republic. A more comprehensive set of virtues is found in Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics. The notion of virtue was a commonplace in ancient philosophy, and because of its adoption by Cicero, was widely accepted by Christian philosophers and became a staple of Catholic theology.
Classically, some philosophers, most notably Aristotle, said that in order to pursue any of these virtues perfectly, one would have to master them all. For example, in order to be just, one must be wise. The thesis of the unity of the virtues is controversial. One might argue that humans can be courageous without being wise, or good tempered without being just.
Seneca, the Roman Stoic said that perfect prudence is indistinguishable from perfect virtue. His point was that if you take the longest view, and consider all the consequences, in the end, a perfectly prudent person would act in the same way as a perfectly virtuous person. Many people have found it valuable to determine how each of the virtues is prudent, as well as how they harmonize.
In Christianity, the theological virtues are conventionally faith, hope and charity, a list which comes from 1 Corinthians 13:13. These have particular conventional meanings that are said to perfect one's love of God and Man. It is claimed that these also harmonize and partake of prudence, given the peculiarities of Christian theology.
The opposite of a virtue is a vice. One way of organizing the vices is as the corruption of the virtues. Thus the cardinal vices would be folly, venality, cowardice and lust. The Christian theological vices would be blasphemy, despair, and hatred.
However, as Aristotle noted, the virtues can have several opposites. Virtues can be considered the mean between two extremes. For instance, both cowardice and rashness are opposites of courage; contrary to prudence are both over-caution and insufficient caution. A more "modern" virtue, tolerance, can be considered the mean between the two extremes of narrow-mindedness on the one hand and soft-headedness on the other. Vices can therefore be identified as the opposites of virtues, but with the caveat that each virtue could have many different opposites, all distinct from each other.The four virtues
Virtue in the Western philosophical tradition
The unity of the virtues
Prudence and virtue
The Christian virtues
Virtue and vice
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Virtue."
Synonyms: VirtueSynonyms: chastity (n), merit (n), moral excellence (n), sexual morality (n), virtuousness (n). (additional references) |
| Antonym: demerit (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Courage | Manliness, manhood; nerve, pluck, mettle, game; heart, heart of grace; spunk, guts, face, virtue, hardihood, fortitude, intestinal fortitude; firmness; (stability); heart of oak; bottom, backbone, spine; (perseverance) a. resolution; (determination); bulldog courage. |
Inexpedience | Noun: goodness; Adjective: excellence, merit; virtue; value, worth, price. |
Power | Capability, capacity; quid valeant humeri quid ferre recusent; faculty, quality, attribute, endowment, virtue, gift, property, qualification, susceptibility. |
Purity | Noun: purity; decency, decorum, delicacy; continence, chastity, honesty, virtue, modesty, shame; pudicity, pucelage, virginity. |
Right | Morals; (duty); law; honor; (probity); virtue. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Let's see this paragon of virtue! Is he as good as you say? (His Girl Friday; writing credit: Ben Hecht; Charles MacArthur) I want her to believe in love and virtue and the sanctity of marriage, and still not be able to stop herself. (Dangerous Liaisons; writing credit: Christopher Hampton. based on the novel 'Les Liaisons Dangereuses' by Choderlos de Laclos.) Maybe there ain't no sin and there ain't no virtue, they's just what people does. (The Grapes of Wrath; writing credit: John Steinbeck; Nunnally Johnson) Villainy wears many masks, none of which so dangerous as virtue (Sleepy Hollow; writing credit: Kevin Yagher) Someday someone's going to have to explain to me the virtue of a proportional response. (The American President; writing credit: Aaron Sorkin) | |
Clever | Virtue has never been as respectable as money. (references; author: Mark Twain) First secure an independent income, then practice virtue. (references; author: Greek Proverb) He who finds pleasure in vice and pain in virtue, is still a novice in both. (references; author: Chinese Proverb) Patience is the silken cord on which are strung the pearls of virtue. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Virtue (1970) Uneasy Virtue (1931) Easy Virtue (1927) Wages of Virtue (1924) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
Wagon Train Scene on Virtue Flat.Credit: BLM Staff. | ![]() | Line engraving published in "Virtue", depicting the battle, which took place on the lower Mississippi River during the night of 24 April 1862. A key to the forts and specific U.S. and Confederate ships is given at the bottom of the view. The ships include USS Varuna (in action with Confederate gunboats), USS Brooklyn, USS Pawnee (which was not present), USS Hartford (Farragut's flagship, with a fire raft alongside), USS Pensacola, USS Mississippi, CSS Louisiana (exploding), CSS Manassas and Federal mortar vessels.Credit: NAVY. | |
![]() | Line engraving published in "Virtue", depicting the battle, which took place on the lower Mississippi River during the night of 24 April 1862. A key to the forts and specific U.S. and Confederate ships is given at the bottom of the view. The ships include USS Varuna (in action with Confederate gunboats), USS Brooklyn, USS Pawnee (which was not present), USS Hartford (Farragut's flagship, with a fire raft alongside), USS Pensacola, USS Mississippi, CSS Louisiana (exploding), CSS Manassas and Federal mortar vessels.Credit: NAVY. | ![]() | Engraved portrait by J. Rodgers, published during the 19th Century by Virtue, Emmins & Co., New York, as part of a print entitled "American Naval Commanders".Credit: NAVY. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Baron de Montesquieu | Virtue has need of limits. |
Edward Young | Virtue alone has majesty in death. |
John Dryden | Virtue is its own reward. |
John Milton | Virtue that wavers is not virtue. |
Marquis De Vauvenargues | Vice stirs up war, virtue fights. |
Oliver Goldsmith | Tenderness is a virtue. |
Samuel Johnson | Virtue is too often merely local. |
Thomas Fuller | Virtue is the only true nobility. |
Thomas Paine | Virtue is not hereditary. |
Titus Livy | Persevere in virtue and diligence. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
John Locke | 1690 | It is certain their laws, by virtue of any sanction they receive from the promulgated will of the legislative, reach not a stranger: they speak not to him, nor, if they did, is he bound to hearken to them. (Second Treatise of Government) |
The Emancipation Proclamation | 1862 | And by virtue of the power and for the purpose aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States and parts of States are, and henceforward shall be, free; and that the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons. (Abraham Lincoln) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | Those persons who have regained French nationality in virtue of paragraph 1 of the Annex hereto will be held to be Alsace-Lorrainers for the purposes of the present Section. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | Mr. Weston, on his side, added a virtue to the account which must have some weight. |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | Like an owl who should see the sun suddenly rise, the convict had been dazzled and blinded by virtue. |
Imitation of Horace | John Dryden | And virtue, though in rags, will keep me warm. |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | It was beautiful to live if God so willed, to live in grace a life of peace and virtue and forbearance with others. |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | And she strode away titanically, and her eyes shone with virtue. |
Gulliver's Travels | Swift, Jonathan | Yet perhaps the virtue of those reverend sages was too strict for the corrupt and libertine manners of a court. |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | We have heard of this virtue, but we know not what it is. |
Antony and Cleopatra | William Shakespeare | Ambition, the soldier's virtue, rather makes choice of loss, than gain which darkens him. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | A diet reduced in total and saturated fat and cholesterol has been recommended for all Americans to decrease the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Patients with NIDDM are at increased risk for CHD by virtue of their diabetes. (references) | |
Business | The UK is a leader in the E&T sector by virtue of campaigns to offer general English courses and overseas study from an early stage. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Saudi Arabia | The Government prohibits dual citizenship; however, children who holding other citizenship by virtue of birth abroad increasingly are permitted to leave the country using non-Saudi passports. (references) |
Economic History | Syria | Syria plays an important role in Lebanon by virtue of its history, size, power, and economy. (references) |
Maldives | It is not rigid, since rank is based on varied factors, including occupation, wealth, Islamic virtue, and family ties. (references) | |
Human Rights | Nauru | Cases may be brought before the High Court of Australia on Criminal and Civil Actions by virtue of the Appeals Act; however, legal decisions rarely are so reviewed. (references) |
Minorities | Cote d'Ivoire | However, the new law does not transfer a land title from the traditional owner to the user simply by virtue of use. (references) |
Political Economy | Turkey | The Justice and Development Party was established only two months after the Turkish Constitutional Court banned Fazilet (the Virtue Party). (references) |
Political Rights | Swaziland | Besides the Swazi Administration Act of 1998, chiefs traditionally are empowered by virtue of unwritten customary laws to impose fines and some form of punishment to their subjects. (references) |
Trade | Switzerland | Although similar to cantonal banks by virtue of their local character, most regional and savings banks are corporations or cooperative societies. (references) |
South Africa | In May 1995, the amended provisions of the 1990 Bank Act came into operation by virtue of a Proclamation by the President of the Republic, thereby allowing for the conducting of business by a foreign financial institution by means of a branch office in South Africa. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | UGLINESS, n. A gift of the gods to certain women, entailing virtue without humility. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Bob Jones | Well, of course I think an American should be free to do whatever he wants. That's the beauty of this country. I'm glad we had Christian forefathers who understood the virtue of liberty. |
Rush Limbaugh | Liberals in this country are making a virtue out of failure because we're making failures victims. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
George Washington | 1789-1797 | Besides that, it should be repugnant to the vital principles of our Government virtually to exclude from public trusts talents and virtue unless accompanied by wealth. |
John Adams | 1797-1801 | May this territory be the residence of virtue and happiness! |
Thomas Jefferson | 1801-1809 | Utterly, indeed, should I despair did not the presence of many whom I here see remind me that in the other high authorities provided by our Constitution I shall find resources of wisdom, of virtue, and of zeal on which to rely under all difficulties. |
James Monroe | 1817-1825 | Of the virtue of the people and of the heroic exploits of the Army, the Navy, and the militia I need not speak. |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | To avoid this delay our minister in Paris, in virtue of the assurance given by the French minister in the United States, strongly urged the convocation of the Chambers at an earlier day, but without success. |
James Buchanan | 1857-1861 | Public virtue is the vital spirit of republics, and history proves that when this has decayed and the love of money has usurped its place, although the forms of free government may remain for a season, the substance has departed forever. |
George Bush | 1989-1993 | I pride myself that I'm a prudent man, and I believe that patience is a virtue, but I understand politics is, for some, a game and that sometimes the game is to stop all progress and then decry the lack of improvement. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Virtue" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.84% of the time. "Virtue" is used about 1,858 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.84% | 1,855 | 4,591 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 0.11% | 2 | 245,945 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.05% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 1,858 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "virtue" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Virtue | Last name | 200 | 36,559 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
Expressions using "virtue": a woman of easy virtue ♦ a woman of virtue ♦ by virtue of ♦ cardinal virtue ♦ in virtue of ♦ make a virtue of necessity ♦ natural virtue ♦ paragon of virtue ♦ supernatural virtue ♦ theological virtue ♦ virtue of. Additional references. | |
| Hypenated Usage | |
Ending with "virtue": easy-virtue. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "virtue"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | virtyt (goodness, morality), veti (attribute, character, peculiarity, point), ndershmëri (fair dealing, honesty, honor, honour, integrity, probity, rectitude, righteousness, scrupulosity, straightforwardness, truth), mirësi (benefaction, boon, gentleness, goodness, grace, graces, kindness, warmth, well doing), meritë (desert, merit). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | فضيلة (excellence, grace, morality, recommendation), قوة (ability, agency, arm, authority, birr, capacity, clout, dint, energy, faculty, force, forcefulness, forcing, hardihood, intension, intensity, iron, leverage, might, operation, potency, power, severity, sinew, solidity, stamina, starch, stoutness, strength, vehemence, vigor, vigour, violence, virility), تأثير (action, affection, effect, effectiveness, hold, impact, impress, leverage, lobbying, prestige, puissance, pull, tutelage), عفة (chastity, prudery, pureness, righteousness, sagacity), طهارة (asepsis, candor, candour, chastity, honor, honour, innocence, prudery, pureness, purgation, purification, purity, refinement, righteousness, saintliness, tidiness), إستقامة (bluntness, consistency, honesty, integrity, justice, probity, propriety, rectitude, righteousness, sanity, squareness, straightforwardness, straightness). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | сила (definition, drive, dynamism, effect, energy, feck, fiber, fibre, flush, force, forcefulness, forte, goodness, hardness, impetus, intension, intensity, inwardness, kick, lustiness, medium, might, mightiness, muscle, muscularity, nerve, pith, potency, power, prowess, punch, sinews, snap, stamina, strength, stringency, tenacity, thews, tuck, vehemence, verve, vigor, vigour, vim, vinegar, violence, virility, virulence, vis, volume, zap, zip), целомъдрие (chastity, continence), ефикасност (effectiveness, efficacy, force), добродетел (excellence), добро свойство, добро качество (recommendation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | "德 (moral, morality), 贤良 (VIRTUES), 德 (character, ethics, favor, Germany, goodness, kind, kindness, morality). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | stateènost (fortitude, gallantry, grit, prowess, stoutness, valiancy), poèetnost, přednost (advantage, asset, merit, precedence, preeminence, preference, priority, quality, reward), ctnost (morality, quality), úèinnost (effectiveness, efficacy, efficiency). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | takket vaere den hoeje masseabsorptionskoefficient blev lavenergetisk roentgenstraaling naesten helt absorberet (by virtue of the high mass absorption coefficient, low-energy X-radiation was almost entirely absorbed), lov-eller vedtægtsmæssig forpligtelse (compulsory by virtue of a statute or regulation), Geiger-taelleren reagerer paa roentgen- og gammastraaling paa grund af sekundaere elektroner loesrevet fra vaegmaterialet og fra gassen i taelleren (the Geiger counter responds to X- and gamma-radiations by virtue of the secondary electrons ejected from the wall material and the gas filling of the counter), det offentliges deltagelse i offentlige virksomheder,som har en vedtægt,som gør dem til juridiske personer (investments by general government in the capital of public enterprises which by virtue of special legislation are recognized as independent legal entities). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | stevigheid (strength, sturdiness), soliditeit, deugdelijkheid, deugdelýkheid, degelijkheid, degelýkheid. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Esperanto | solideco, bonkvaliteco. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Farsi | پاکدامنی (Chastity, Probity, Purity, Sacrosanctity), پرهیزکاری (Holiness, Sanctity), تقوا (Pietism, Piety), عفت (Honor, Modesty, Purity), خاصیت (Nature, Navigate, Property, Quale). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | siveys (chastity), hyveellisyys (virtuousness), hyve, avu (merit, quality). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | vertu (vice), mérite, avantage. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | Wirksamkeit (action, activity, effect, effectiveness, effectuality, efficacy, efficiency, function, potency), Vorzug (advantage, asset, excellence, favourable terms, merit, precedence, preference, privilege, train before, train in front), tugend (goodness, morality, vice, virtuousness). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | αρετή (quality, virtuousness). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | מוסריות (moralism, morality), מ"" טוב", יושר (equity, honesty, integrity, probity, rectitude, righteousness, sincerity, straight, straightness), אמץ (courage, nerve, pertness, stoutness, strength), טו"ר (brightness, chastity, cleanness, purity), ס'ול" (mascot, merit, peculiarity, property, qualification, qualifications, quality, remedy, trait, treasure). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | erény (honor, honour, morality), érték (equivalent, rate, value, worth). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | kebajikan (benevolence, good deeds, worthiness). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | virtù (virtuousness). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 貞節 (chastity, fidelity), 貞淑 (chastity, feminine modesty, fidelity), 貞" (chastity, fidelity). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | "うのう (benefit, effect, efficacy), ていしゅく (chastity, feminine modesty, fidelity), ていそう (chastity, fidelity, forwarding, low class), とっ"う (goodness, of particular efficacy, political or thought control police, special efficacy, virtuous act or deeds, virtuous conduct), とくもく, じ" (9th in rank, as, as it is, as one likes, battle formation, because, benevolence, camp, charity, encampment, humanity, man, ninth sign of the Chinese calendar, people, person), ていせつ (chastity, established theory, fidelity), めいとく, ぜ"し" (advance, ancestor, antecedents, conscience, drive, full-length, gradual progress, moral sense, one's whole heart, predecessor organization, preliminary trials, previous existence, previous position, progress, steady advance, the whole body), びて" (charm, good point, merit), びとく, びしつ (diseases of the nose, good qualities), ききめ (effect, efficacy, impression), ぜ" (ago, all, before, cancer, complete, entire, former, good, goodness, meal, niche or alcove for an image, one-time, overall, pan, prayer, previous, right, table, the above, tray, vow, whole, wish, Zen), ぜ"りょう (colorant, content, excellence, goodness, the whole quantity, whole dormitory: every dormitory), よさ (good quality, merit). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 미덕 (Goodness, VIRTUES). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | mie (fair, favourable, good, goodly, goodness, moral, nice, pious, ready, virtuous), grayse (charisma, grace), bree (animation, drift, effect, energy, essence, exhalation, gist, glow, implication, importance, initiative, interpretation, inwardness, power, significance, stamina, validity, vigour). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | irtuevay virtude (merit, morality, vice, well doing), valor (account, amount, chalk, grade, importance, investment in securities, man hour, merit, point, prowess, purchase, quality, rating, security, stock, valiancy, valuation, value, worth), retidão (accuracy, honesty, integrity, justice, rectitude, righteousness), qualidade (alloy, brand, capacitance, capacity, chop, first and seconds, kind, part, predicate, prime, property, quality, raciness, siege, sort, standard, stuff), mérito (desert, deserving, merit, nobleness, quality, worth), excelência moral, bondade (alms deed, benignity, charity, goodness, grace, humaneness, humanize, indulgence, kindliness, kindness). (various references) virtute (chastity, courage), valoare (acception, account, amount, assessment, caliber, calibre, consequence, cost, denomination, importance, interest, merit, price, purchase, quality, relief, time value, use, value, weight, worth), energie (activity, backbone, bottom, briskness, drive, energy, force, gimp, go, gumption, might, nerve, pep, pepper, peppiness, pith, pithiness, power, punch, sap, snap, soul, spirit, spunk, strength, vigor, vigour, vim, zip), cinste (appreciation, ceremony, chastity, consideration, credit, crown, esteem, fairness, faith, faithfulness, fame, Favor, favour, fealty, gift, glory, honesty, honor, honour, integrity, morality, probity, repute, respect, straight, treat, truth, uprightness), castitate (chastity, Maidenhead, maidenhood, modesty), calitate (affection, assets, attribute, character, class, feature, grade, kind, Mark, merit, property, quality, rank, rate, sort, staple, title), bunãtate (benignity, bounty, dainties, feeling, goodness, kind-heartedness, kindliness, kindness), însuşire (adoption, appropriation, assimilation, attribute, feature, peculiarity, property, qualification, trait). (various references) достоинство (denomination, dignity, merit, merit 2, worthiness). (various references) subhailc (moral goodness), feart (a virtue, attention, deed, efficiency, notice : na toir feart), buadh, beus (behaviour, conduct, habit). (various references) vrlina, svojstvo (capacity, characteristic, feature, trait), čednost (morality, virginity). (various references) virtud (ability, chastity, courage, energy, force, merit, morality, purity, righteousness, strength, vice, vigour). (various references) kraft (drive, energy, force, impact, impetus, intensity, kick, lustiness, might, pith, pizzazz, potency, power, sinew, strength, vigor, vigour, vim, virulence), dygd (chastity, goodness). (various references) namus (decency, honesty, honor, honour, purity, virginity), meziyet (merit, superiority), iffet (chastity, modesty, purity), fazilet (merit, prig), etki (action, bearing, clout, drag, drift, effect, effectiveness, efficacy, efficiency, force, forcefulness, hold, impact, impress, impression, imprint, incidence, influence, interest, jolt, leaven, penetration, point, potency, pull, purchase, reflection, reflexion, ring, sound, stamp, sway, weight), erdem (grace, merit), üstünlük (advantage, altitude, ascendancy, ascendency, beat, championship, class, distinction, dominance, edge, eligibility, excellence, head start, hegemony, lordship, mastery, odds, overweight, pre eminence, precedence, predominance, preponderance, primacy, spirit, supereminence, superiority, supremacy, transcendence, whip hand). (various references) mertebe (dignity, merit). (various references) якість (affections, caliber, calibre, grade, property, quality, tenor, texture), цнотливість (chastity), доброчесність (chastity, goodness, righteousness). (various references) vì (owing), tiết nghĩa công dụng, tính tốt trinh tiết, tác dụng (action, agency, force, weight), hiệu quả (effect), hiệu lực theo, đức hạnh đức tính, đức. (various references) rhinwedd, rhin (essence). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | recte, rectene, rectorum, rectum, sanctimonia, sanctimoniam, sanctitas, sanctitate, sanctitatis, virtus, virtute, virtutem, virtutes, virtutesque, virtuti, virtutibus, virtutis, virtutisque, virtutum. (various references) |
| Avestan | 200-600 | vanghanaca. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Acts Chapter 3, Verse 12 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Idwn de petroV apekrinato proV ton laon andreV israhlitai ti qaumazete epi toutw h hmin ti atenizete wV idia dunamei h eusebeia pepoihkosin tou peripatein auton |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Videns autem Petrus respondit ad populum viri israhelitae quid miramini in hoc aut nos quid intuemini quasi nostra virtute aut pietate fecerimus hunc ambulare |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | And Petre siy, and answeride to the puple, Men of Israel, what wondren ye in this thing? ether what biholden ye vs, as by oure vertue ethir power we maden this man for to walke? |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | When Peter sawe that he answered vnto the people. Ye men of Israel why marvayle ye at this or why looke ye so stedfastly on vs as though by oure awne power or holynes we had made this man goo? |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | And when Peter saw it, he answered unto the people, Ye men of Israel, why marvel ye at this? or why look ye so earnestly on us, as though by our own power or holiness we had made this man to walk? |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | And when Peter saw it, he answered to the people, Ye men of Israel, why marvel ye at this? or why look ye so earnestly on us, as though by our own power or holiness we had made this man to walk? |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | And when Peter saw it he said to the people, You men of Israel, why are you so greatly surprised at this man? or why are you looking at us as if by our power or virtue we had given him the use of his legs? |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Acts Chapter 3, Verse 12 |
| Albanian | Dhe Pjetri, duke parë këtë gjë, i foli popullit duke thënë: ''Burra të Izraelit, pse po mrrekulloheni për këtë? Ose pse po na i ngulni sytë sikur ne me fuqinë tonë të vetme ose me perëndishmëri të kishim bërë që ky njeri të ecë? |
| Cebuano | ¶ Ug sa pagkakita ni Pedro niini, ang mga tawo iyang gisultihan nga nag-ingon, "Mga taga-Israel, nganong inyo man kining gikahibudngan, ug nganong inyo man kaming ginatotukan nga daw kami gayud mao ang nakahimo kaniya sa pagpalakaw pinaagi sa among kaugalingong kagahum o pagkadiosnon? |
| Croatian | Kada to vidje Petar, obrati se narodu: "Izraelci, što se ovomu èudite? Ili što nas gledate kao da smo svojom snagom ili pobožnošæu postigli da ovaj prohoda? |
| Danish | Men da Peter så det, talte han til Folket: "I israelitiske Mænd! Hvorfor undre I eder over dette? eller hvorfor stirre I på os, som om vi af egen Magt eller Gudfrygtighed havde gjort, at han kan gå? |
| Dutch | En Petrus, dat ziende, antwoordde tot het volk: Gij Israelietische mannen, wat verwondert gij u over dit, of wat ziet gij zo sterk op ons, alsof wij door onze eigen kracht of godzaligheid dezen hadden doen wandelen? |
| Finnish | Sen nähdessään Pietari rupesi puhumaan kansalle ja sanoi: "Israelin miehet, mitä te tätä ihmettelette, tai mitä te meitä noin katselette, ikäänkuin me omalla voimallamme tai hurskaudellamme olisimme saaneet hänet kävelemään. |
| French | Pierre, voyant cela, dit au peuple: Hommes Israélites, pourquoi vous étonnez-vous de cela? Pourquoi avez-vous les regards fixés sur nous, comme si c`était par notre propre puissance ou par notre piété que nous eussions fait marcher cet homme? |
| German | Als Petrus das sah, antwortete er dem Volk: Ihr Männer von Israel, was wundert ihr euch darüber, oder was sehet ihr auf uns, als hätten wir diesen wandeln gemacht durch unsere eigene Kraft oder Verdienst? |
| Hungarian | Mikor pedig ezt látta Péter, monda a népnek: Izráel férfiai, mit csodálkoztok ezen, vagy mit néztek mi reánk, mintha tulajdon erõnkkel vagy jámborságunkkal míveltük volna azt, hogy az járjon? |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Ketika Petrus melihat orang-orang itu, ia berkata kepada mereka, "Hai orang-orang Israel, mengapa Saudara-saudara heran akan hal ini? Mengapa kalian melihat terus pada kami? Apa kalian kira orang ini dapat berjalan karena ada kuasa pada kami atau karena kami taat kepada Allah? |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Tatkala Petrus melihat hal itu, lalu berkatalah ia kepada segenap kaum itu, "Hai orang Israel, apakah sebabnya kamu heran akan hal orang ini? Dan apa sebabnya kamu menatap kami seolah-olah dengan kuasa atau ibadat kami sendiri orang ini kami beri berjalan? |
| Latvian | To redzçdams, Pçteris sacîja tautai: Izraçlieðu vîri, ko jûs brînâties par to, vai ko skatâties uz mums it kâ mçs ar savu spçku un varu bûtu padarîjuði to, ka ðis staigâ? |
| Maori | ¶ A, i te kitenga o Pita, ka whai kupu atu ia ki te iwi, E nga tangata o Iharaira, he aha ta koutou e miharo nei ki tenei tangata? he aha hoki koutou ka whakamau ai te titiro ki a maua, me te mea he mana no maua ake he ngakau karakia ranei i meati a ai ia kia haere? |
| Norwegian | Da Peter så dette, svarte han folket: Israelittiske menn! Hvorfor undrer I eder over dette? eller hvorfor stirrer I på oss som om vi av vår egen kraft eller gudsfrykt hadde gjort at han går omkring? |
| Rumanian | Petru, cknd a vqzut lucrul acesta, a luat cuvkntul, wi a zis norodului: ,,Bqrbayi Israeliyi, pentruce vq mirayi de lucrul acesta? Dece vq uitayi cu ochii yintq la noi, ca wi cum prin puterea noastrq sau prin cucernicia noastrq am fi fqcut pe omul acesta sq umble? |
| Shuar | ¶ Aents Káunkarun Pítiur Wáiniak, chicharuk "Israer-shuartiram, ¿urukamtai winiasha Imiá iirum? tiarmiayi. ¿Iisha pénker asarik~i tsuarmaj~i? ¿Ii kakarmarijiainkik~i ewekamsamaj~i? |
| Swahili | Basi, Petro alipowaona watu hao akawaambia, "Wananchi wa Israeli, kwa nini mnashangazwa na jambo hili? Mbona mnatukodolea macho kana kwamba ni kwa nguvu zetu au utakatifu wetu sisi wenyewe tumemfanya mtu huyu aweze kutembea? |
| Swedish | När Petrus såg detta, tog han till orda och talade till folket så: "I män av Israel, varför undren I över denne man, och varför sen I så på oss, likasom hade vi genom någon vår kraft eller fromhet åstadkommit att han kan gå? |
| Uma | ¶ Kanahilo-na Petrus tauna to wori' toera, na'uli' -raka: "Ompi' -ompi' -ku to Israel! Napa pai' konce-koi mpohilo to jadi' tohe'i-e? Napa to ntora nikamata-kakai? Ba ni'uli' -koina, pai' -i momako' tauna toei-e, apa' ria baraka' -kai, ba ngkai kamoroli' nono-kai? Uma-hawoe'! |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "virtue": virtueless, virtues. (additional references) | |
| |
"Virtue" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Vartaq, vertue, verture, vertus, virtua, virtued, virtuel, virtuer, virture, virtus, virum, virun, vitr, vitrine, vittu, vittue, vitu, vorue, votue, vurtue. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| Words rhyming with "virtue" (pronounced 'Vir"tue'): Battue, Festue. (additional references) |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "e-i-r-t-u-v" | |
-1 letter: rivet, uteri, vertu, virtu. | |
-2 letters: etui, rite, rive, tier, tire, true, vert, vier. | |
-3 letters: ire, rei, ret, rev, rue, rut, tie, tui, vet, vie. | |
-4 letters: er, et, it, re, ti, ut. | |
| Words containing the letters "e-i-r-t-u-v" | |
+1 letter: furtive, revuist, rivulet, stuiver, venturi, virtues. | |
+2 letters: curative, curviest, durative, eruptive, outdrive, outliver, revuists, rivulets, stuivers, vaultier, venturis, virtuose, virulent, vitreous. | |
+3 letters: avirulent, curatives, curveting, duratives, eruptives, extrusive, furtively, incurvate, intrusive, irruptive, lucrative, nutritive, obtrusive, outdriven, outdrives, outlivers, overbuilt, purgative, reductive, revictual, scurviest, servitude, uvarovite, venturing, vesturing, victualer, vulturine. | |
+4 letters: aventurine, aviculture, circumvent, corruptive, curatively, curvetting, disruptive, duumvirate, eruptively, figurative, incurvated, incurvates, indurative, interfluve, intrusives, lentivirus, liverwurst, outdeliver, outrivaled, outserving, overturing, productive, protrusive, purgatives, regulative, retrovirus, revictuals, revolution, ruminative, savouriest, servitudes, subvariety, subverting, supportive, surjective, turnverein, ulcerative, uncreative, unfavorite, univariate, university, uvarovites, ventriculi, vestibular, victualers, victualler, virtueless, virulently, vitreouses, vituperate, volumetric. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)56 69 72 74 75 65 |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references)...- .. .-. - ..- . |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01010110 01101001 01110010 01110100 01110101 01100101 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)V i r t u e |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0056 0069 0072 0074 0075 0065 |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)567584868771 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Photo Album 7. Quotations: Familiar 8. Quotations: Historic | 9. Quotations: Fiction 10. Quotations: Non-fiction 11. Quotations: Spoken 12. Quotations: Speeches | 13. Usage Frequency 14. Names: Frequency 15. Expressions 16. Expressions: Internet | 17. Translations: Modern 18. Translations: Ancient 19. Bible Trace 20. Derivations | 21. Rhymes 22. Anagrams 23. Orthography 24. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.