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Union

Definition: Union

Union

Adjective

1. Being of or having to do with the northern United States and those loyal to the Union during the Civil War; "Union soldiers"; "Federal forces"; "a Federal infantryman".

2. Of trade unions; "the union movement"; "union negotiations"; "a union-shop clause in the contract".

Noun

1. An organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer; "you have to join the union in order to get a job".

2. The United States (especially the northern states during the American Civil War); "he has visited every state in the Union"; "Lee hoped to detach Maryland from the Union"; "the North's superior resources turned the scale".

3. The act of pairing a male and female for reproductive purposes; "the casual couplings of adolescents"; "the mating of some species occurs only in the spring".

4. The state of being united; "there is strength in union".

5. State of being husband and wife; "a long and happy marriage"; "God bless this union".

6. Healing process involving the growing together of the edges of a wound or the growing together of broken bones.

7. A political unit formed from previously independent people or organizations; "the Soviet Union".

8. A set containing all and only the members of two or more given sets; "let C be the union of the sets A and B".

9. The occurrence of a uniting of separate parts; "lightning produced an unusual union of the metals".

10. : a device on a national flag emblematic of the union of two or more sovereignties (typically in the upper inner corner).

11. : making or becoming a single unit; "the union of opposing factions"; "he looked forward to the unification of his family for the holidays".

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "Union" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references)

Etymology: Union \Un"ion\, noun. [French expression, from the Latin expression unio oneness, union, single large pearl, kind of onion, from unus one. See One, and compare to Onion, Unit.]. (references)

 

Specialty Definition: Union

DomainDefinition

19th Century Satire

An ailing individual frequently troubled by scabs and liable to strike without warning. Source: Foolish Dictionary, 1904.

Aerospace

In Boolean algebra, the operation in which concepts are described by stating that they have the characteristics of one or more of the classes involved. Union is expressed as OR. (references)

Computing

Relational algebra:algebraic operator. The union of two relations R and S returns a new relation U containing the tuples of both R and S. If a tuple is part of both R and S, it will appear only once in U. Source: European Union. (references)

Electrical Engineering

A form of pipe fitting where two extension pipes are joined at a separable coupling. Source: European Union. (references)

Food & Agriculture

The place wherethe stock and scion have grown together. Source: European Union. (references)

Math

A matrix having the same number of items in each row. (references)

Mechanical Engineering

A pipe fitting similar to a coupling, but composed of three detachable parts-two being screwed on to the tubes and the third(a nut)being used to tighten them. Source: European Union. (references)

Medicine

A confederation or league of independant individuals (as nations or persons) for some commun end or purpose. Source: European Union. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Eastern Rite

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

The Eastern Rites are the Christian churches of Eastern Europe and the Middle East that are in full communion with the Roman Catholic Church but do not follow the Latin Rite. They are also called Eastern Catholic or Uniate churches.

Western (or "Latin-Rite") Catholic bishops are subject directly to the Pope, but each Eastern-rite Catholic bishop is subject indirectly to the pope via one of six Catholic "patriarchs of the east", who sit in Alexandria, Antioch, Antelias, Baghdad, Beirut, and Damascus. (There is a seventh patriarch of the east in Jerusalem, but his church follows the Latin Rite.)

These churches accept Catholic dogma, but retain their own hierarchies and liturgies, and follow some laws and customs that differ from those of Western church. For example, their priests need not be celibate, and their parish priests, rather than diocesan bishops, normally confirm parishioners, using the chrismation rite rather than the rite used in the west.

It should be noted that not all the "Western" churches follow the Roman rite, in fact, several Italian dioceses have their own rites and usually the orders will have their own rites (Dominicans, Jesuits).

List of Eastern-Rite churches

See also

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European Union

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

The European Union or EU is an international organisation of European states, established by the Treaty on European Union (the Maastricht treaty). The European Union is the most powerful international organisation so far in history. In some ways it resembles a state. Some legal scholars believe that it should not be considered as an international organisation at all, but rather as a sui generis entity.

European Union
(In Detail)
motto¹
Einheit in Vielfalt (German)
Unité dans la diversité (French)
United in diversity (English)
Unità nella diversità (Italian)
Unidad en la diversidad (Spanish)
Mangfoldighed og enhed (Danish)
Ενότητα στην πολυμερία (Greek)
Eenheid in verscheidenheid (Dutch)
Unidade na diversidade (Portuguese)
Erilaisina yhdessä (Finnish)
Mångfald och enhet (Swedish)
Official languages²
see Languages of the European Union 		Español (Spanish),
Dansk (Danish),
Deutsch (German),
Ελληνική; (Greek),
English,
Français (French),
Italiano (Italian),
Nederlands (Dutch),
Português (Portuguese),
Suomi (Finnish )
Svenska (Swedish)
Capital Brussels
President of the European Council Italy (Prime Minister: Silvio Berlusconi)
(until December 31, 2003)
President of the European Commission Romano Prodi
President of the European Parliament Pat Cox
Area
 - Total
 - % water		Ranked 8th³
3,191,100 km2
xx% / Negligible
Population
 - Total (2003)
 - Density		Ranked 3rd³
378,560,000
117.5/km²
Formation
 - Declared
 - Recognised 		Maastricht treaty


February 7, 1992
November 1, 1993

Currency Euro (EUR)4
Time zone UTC 0 to +2
EU anthem Ode to Joy
Internet TLD.EU.INT, .EU5;
Calling CodesIn zones 3 and 4
(1) Not official, this is the motto proposed in the constitution, see European motto.
(2) Official languages of the Union, not in the Union. Member states set official language(s) in their territories. Some territories have official languages that are not official languages of the Union.
(3) If the EU is counted as a singular country
(4) The Euro is the currency of the Union and of all Member States excluding Denmark (DKK), Sweden (SEK) and the United Kingdom (GBP).
(5) The .eu TLD has been approved by ICANN and the EU, but is not currently active.

Current Issues

Major issues concerning the European Union at the moment include its enlargement south and east (see below), the European constitution proposed by the Convention, the Union's relationship with the United States of America and participation in the Euro by those member states currently outside the Eurozone.

Origins

The original impetus for the founding of (what was later to become) the European Union was the desire to rebuild Europe after the disastrous events of World War II, and to prevent Europe from ever again falling victim to the scourge of war.

Methods

To accomplish this aim, the European Union attempts to form infrastructure that crosses state borders. The harmonized standards create a larger, more efficient market, because the member states can form a single customs union without loss of health or safety. For example, states whose people would never agree to eat the same food might still agree on standards for labelling and cleanliness.

The power of the European Union reaches far beyond its borders because to sell within it, it is helpful to conform to its standards. Once a non-member country's factories, farmers and merchants conform to EU standards, most of the costs of joining the union have been sunk. At that point, harmonizing laws to become a full member creates more wealth (by eliminating the customs costs) with only the tiny investment of actually changing the laws. In Internet terms, the EU is a "viral state."

History

The body was originally known as the European Economic Community (informally called the Common Market in the UK), this later changed to the European Community and then to the European Union. The EU has evolved from a trade body into an economic and political partnership.

For a more detailed history, see the article History of the European Union.

Member States

At present, the European Union comprises 15 member states. In 1950 the six founding members were:

Nine further states have joined in successive waves of enlargement:

Note: In 1990 the European Union territory was effectively enlarged when East and West Germany were united.

EU territories outside Europe

Note: Ceuta, Melilla, Gibraltar and the Åland Islands are in the EU but not the customs union.

All other member states territories not in Europe are not in the EU (and not in the customs union), partial list:

In addition, the British crown dependencies of Guernsey, Jersey and the Isle of Man (which are not territories of the United Kingdom) are not in the EU proper, but are included in the customs union.

Maps

The European Commission made maps available online [1], [1].

Extension of the EU

The total area of the European Union is 3,235,000 km². Were it a country, it would be the eighth largest in the world by area. The number of EU citizens (all EU member State citizens are EU citizens under the terms of the Maastricht treaty) is approximately 379 million as of October 2001. This is the third largest in the world after India and China.

See Enlargement of the European Union for details of future enlargement.

Economic Status

The EU, considered as a unit, has the second largest economy in the world, with a 2002 GDP of 8,447 billion euro, second only to that of the United States (9,239 billion euro, 2002 equivalent). The EU economy is expected to grow further over the next decade as more countries join the union - although the new States are usually poorer than the EU average, and hence GDP per capita over the whole Union will fall over the short-term.

Main Policies

The trend has been for political power to shift from the individual states, mostly upwards to the EU but also downwards to the European regions.

Many of these objectives depend on the harmonisation of laws across the member states and so European Union Law is increasingly present in the systems of the member states.

All prospective members must enact legislation in order to bring them into line with the common European legal framework (see also EFTA, EEA and Single European Sky).

Structure of the European Union

How does the European Community (EC) fit in?

In practice, the European Community is simply the old name for the European Union.

Legally, however, they must be distinguished. The European Union has no legal personality; it is not an international organisation, but a mere bloc of states. The European Community is one of two international organisations these states are members of -- the other is the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom). There was once a third organisation, the European Coal and Steel Community, but it ceased to exist in 2002. These three organisations used to have separate institutions; but in 1961 their institutions were merged, though legally speaking they are still separate organisations (ie: the single Commission acts for EC and Euratom, which are legally separate organisations).

The legal system imposed by the EU is correctly called EC Law not EU law for this reason.

Intergovernmentalism vs. Supranationalism

A basic tension exists within the European Union between intergovernmentalism and supranationalism. Intergovernmentalism is a method of decision-making in international organisations where power is possessed by the member-states and decisions are made by unanimity. Independent appointees of the governments or elected representatives have solely advisory or implementational functions. Intergovernmentalism is used by most international organisations today.

An alternative method of decision-making in international organisations is supranationalism. In supranationalism power is held by independent appointed officials or by representatives elected by the legislatures or people of the member states. Member-state governments still have power, but they must share this power with other actors. Furthermore, decisions are made by majority votes, hence it is possible for a member-state to be forced by the other member-states to implement a decision against its will.

Some forces in European Union politics favour the intergovernmental approach, while others favour the supranational path. Supporters of supranationalism argue that it allows integration to proceed at a faster pace than would otherwise be possible. Where decisions must be made by governments acting unanimously, decisions can take years to make, if they are ever made. Supporters of intergovernmentalism argue that supranationalism is a threat to national sovereignty, and to democracy, claiming that only national governments can possess the necessary democratic legitimacy. Intergovernmentalism has historically been favoured by France, and by more Eurosceptic nations such as Britain and Denmark; while more integrationist nations such as Belgium, Germany, and Italy have tended to prefer the supranational approach.

In practice the European Union strikes a balance between two approaches. This balance however is complex, resulting in the often labyrinthine complexity of its decision-making procedures.

Starting in March 2002, a Convention on the Future of Europe will again look at this balance, among other things, and propose changes. These changes could in turn be adopted by an Intergovernmental Conference (IGC).

The Three Pillars

European Union policies are divided into three main areas, called pillars. The first or 'Community' pillar concerns economic, social and environmental policies. The second or 'Common Foreign and Security Policy' (CFSP) pillar concerns foreign policy and military matters. The third or 'Justice and Home Affairs' (JHA) pillar concerns co-operation in the fight against crime.

Within each pillar, a different balance is struck between the supranational and intergovernmental principles. Supranationalism is strongest in the first pillar, while the other two pillars function along more intergovernmental lines. In the CFSP and JHA pillars the powers of the Parliament, Commission and European Court of Justice with respect to the Council are significantly limited, without however being altogether eliminated. The balance struck in the first pillar is frequently referred to as the "community method", since it is that used by the European Community.

Why the three pillars structure?

The pillar structure had its historical origins in the negotiations leading up to the Maastricht treaty. It was desired to add powers to the Community in the areas of foreign policy, security and defence policy, asylum and immigration policy, criminal co-operation, and judicial co-operation.

However, some member-states opposed the addition of these powers to the Community on the grounds that they were too sensitive to national sovereignty for the community method to be used, and that these matters were better handled intergovernmentally. To the extent that at that time the Community dealt with these matters at all, they were being handled intergovernmentally, principally in European Political Co-operation (EPC).

As a result, these additional matters were not included in the European Community; but were tacked on externally to the European Community in the form of two additional 'pillars'. The first additional pillar (Common Foreign and Security Policy, CFSP) deal with foreign policy, security and defence issues, while the second additional pillar (JHA, Justice and Home Affairs), dealt with the remainder.

Recent amendments in the treaties of Amsterdam and Nice have made the additional pillars increasingly supranational. Most important among these has been the transfer of policy on asylum, migration and judicial co-operation in civil matters to the Community pillar, effected by the Amsterdam treaty. Thus the third pillar has been renamed Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters, or PJCC.

The Single Institutional Framework

The three communities, and the three pillars possess a common institutional structure. The European Union has five institutions: There are also two advisory committees to the above institutions, which advise them on economic and social (principally relations between workers and employers) and regional issues: There are also several other bodies to implement particular policies, established either under the treaties or by secondary legislation: Finally the European Ombudsman watches for abuses of power by EU institutions.

See also

European Union Law, United States of Europe, European flag, List of Europeans, Trade bloc, History of the European Union, Enlargement of the European Union, Holy Roman Empire

External links

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "European Union."

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Labor union

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

A labor union (American English) or trade union (British English) is a commercial entity consisting of employees or workers having a common interest, such as all the assembly workers for one employer, or all the trades workers in a particular industry. The union is formed for the purpose of collectively negotiating with an employer (or employers) over wages, hours and other terms and conditions of employment.

History

The concept of labor unions began early in the industrial revolution. More and more people left farming as an occupation and began to work for employers, often in appalling conditions and for very low wages. The labor movement arose as an outgrowth of the disparity between the power of employers and the powerlessness of individual employees.

Labor unions were illegal for many years in most countries. There were severe penalties for attempting to organize labor unions, up to and including execution. Despite this, labor unions were formed and began to acquire political power, eventually resulting in a body of labor law which not only legalized organizing efforts, but codified the relationship between employers and those employees organized into labor unions. Many consider it an issue of fairness that workers be allowed to pool their resources in a special legal entity in a similar way to the pooling of capital resources in the form of corporations.

Today a government-imposed ban on joining a union is often considered to be a human rights abuse. Most democratic countries have many unions, while most authoritarian regimes do not.

Unions not guilds

Unions are sometimes mistakenly thought to be successors to medieval guilds. Although guilds also existed to protect and enhance their members' livelihoods, guilds were groups of self-employed skilled craftsmen who had ownership and control over the materials and tools they needed to produce their goods. Guilds, in other words, were small business associations.

A union, in sharp contrast, is an organisation of hired workers who, generally speaking, own and control only their own ability to labor, not the tools or materials they work on. While industrial era unions could and often did consist of highly skilled factory workers, one of the radical breaks with the past was that unions could be constituted for essentially unskilled workers, even poor agricultural labourers.

Shop types

Companies that employ workers with a union generally operate on one of several models:

The Problem of International Comparison

As labor law is very diverse in different countries, so is the function of Labor Unions. For instance in Germany, only open shops are legal. This affects the function and services of the union. On the other hand, German unions have played a greater role in management decisions through participation in corporate boards and co-determination than have unions in the United States.

In addition, unions have very different relationships with political parties in different countries. In many countries unions are integrally associated with a particular political party, usally those which are left-wing or socialist. In the United States, by contrast, while the labor movement is historically aligned with the Democratic Party, the labor movement is by no means monolithic on that point; the International Brotherhood of Teamsters has supported Republican Party candidates on a number of occasions and the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization endorsed Ronald Reagan in 1980, shortly before he destroyed it and banned all of its striking members from employment as air traffic controllers in 1981. In the United Kingdom the labor movement's relationship with the Labour Party is fraying as Party leadership embarks on privatization plans at odds with workers' interests.

Finally, the structure of employment laws affects unions' roles. In many western European countries wages and benefits are largely set by governmental action. The United States takes a more laissez faire approach, setting some minimum standards but leaving most workers' wages and benefits to collective bargaining and market forces.

Trade Unions in Britain

The legal status of trade unions in the United Kingdom was established by a Royal Commission, which agreed that the establishment of the organisations was to the advantage of both employers and employees. Most British unions are members of the TUC, the Trades Union Congress, which is the country's sole national trade union center.

Labor Unions in the US

Most labor unions in the United States are members of the AFL-CIO, or the American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations. The Taft-Hartley Act, passed in 1947 over the veto of President Harry Truman, severely limits the powers of unions in the United States, and remains in effect. Closed shops are forbidden; union shops are allowed within the limits allowed by the statute and subject to additional conditions imposed by the National Labor Relations Board and the courts. Jurisdictional strikes (where two unions each claim work that they believe should be assigned to the workers they represent) and secondary boycotts (boycotts against an allegedly neutral company that does business with another company with which a union has labor dispute) were made illegal. Unions are no longer allowed to donate money to federal political campaigns.

Most importantly, the bill provided the executive branch of the Federal government with the ability to obtain legal strikebreaking injunctions if an actual or impending strike "imperiled the national health or safety", a test that has been in practice interpreted loosely by the courts.

Many US unions lost much of their prestige when links to organized crime were discovered. Union membership has been steadily declining for the past decade or so in all but the public sector (that is, unions of government employees).

Other

Some countries such as Sweden have strong, centralized unions, where every type of work has a specific union, which are then gathered in large national unions. The largest Swedish union is LO, Landsorganisationen. LO has over 2.1 million members, which is more than a fifth of Sweden's population. The largest organization of trade union members in the world is the Brussels-based International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, which today has 231 affiliated organisations in 150 countries and territories, with a combined membership of 158 million.

News

There are several sources of current news about the trade union movement in the world. These include LabourStart and the official website of the international trade union movement Global Unions.

See also Salting, Labor law, List of labor unions, strike

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Labor union."

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Oxford Union

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

The Oxford Union Society, commonly referred to simply as the Oxford Union, is a private debating society whose membership is drawn primarily from the University of Oxford. A parallel organisation exists in Cambridge. Founded in 1823, it has gained a worldwide reputation for the cut and thrust of its debate, proving a valuable training ground for many future British prime ministers.


Oxford Union Society' s Victorian (new) debating chamber
The Oxford Union is often confused by visitors with the Oxford University Student Union, a completely separate organisation at Oxford which is the recognised student government of the University.

The Oxford Union buildings are located in Frewin Court, off the Cornmarket, and contain a library and restaurant, as well as the famous debating chamber, which has played host to such figures as the Dalai Lama, Robert Kennedy, Malcolm X, Winston Churchill, Jon Bon Jovi,... and Kermit the Frog!

The society is run by a committee of students, elected every term from the membership. The post of President of the Oxford Union is much sought-after, and is often the starting point for a successful political career. Famous past presidents include:

Official Web Site

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Topology

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Topology is the study or science of places. It derives its name from the Greek words τοπος meaning place and λογος meaning study, talk.

See also: earth science, physical geography, human geography, geomorphology

In architecture, topology is a term used to describe spatial effects which can not be described by topography, i.e., social, economical, spatial or phenomenological interactions.

In mathematics, topology is a branch concerned with the study of topological spaces. (The term topology is also used for a set of open sets used to define topological spaces, but this article focuses on the branch of mathematics. Wiring and computer network topologies are discussed in network topology.) Roughly speaking, topology is the study of geometric objects without considering their dimensions.

The topology glossary contains definitions of terms used throughout topology.

History

The root of topology was in the study of geometry in ancient cultures. Leonhard Euler's paper on Seven Bridges of Königsberg is regarded as one of the first result on geometry that does not depend on any measurements, i.e., on topology.

Maurice Fréchet introduced the concept of metric space in 1906.

George Cantor, the inventor of set theory, studied extensively on limits.

In 1914, Hausdorff coined the term "topological space" and gave definition to what is now called Hausdorff space.

The current concept of topological space was described by Kuratowski in 1922.

Elementary introduction

Topological spaces show up naturally in mathematical analysis, abstract algebra and geometry. This has made topology one of the great unifying ideas of mathematics. General topology, or point-set topology, defines and studies some useful properties of spaces and maps, such as connectedness, compactness and continuity. Algebraic topology is a powerful tool to study topological spaces, and the maps between them. It associates "discrete", more computable invariants to maps and spaces, often in a functorial way. Ideas from algebraic topology have had strong influence on algebra and algebraic geometry.

The motivating insight behind topology is that some geometric problems depend not on the exact shape of the objects involved, but rather on the "way they are connected together". One of the first papers in topology was the demonstration, by Leonhard Euler, that it was impossible to find a route through the town of Königsberg (now Kaliningrad) that would cross each of its seven bridges exactly once. This result did not depend on the lengths of the bridges, nor on their distance from one another, but only on connectivity properties: which bridges are connected to which islands or riverbanks. This problem, the Seven Bridges of Königsberg, is now a famous problem in introductory mathematics.

Similarly, the hairy ball theorem of algebraic topology says that "one cannot comb the hair on a ball smooth". This fact is immediately convincing to most people, even though they might not recognize the more formal statement of the theorem, that there is no nonvanishing continuous tangent vector field on the sphere. As with the Bridges of Königsberg, the result does not depend on the exact shape of the sphere; it applies to pear shapes and in fact any kind of blob, as long as it has no holes.

In order to deal with these problems that do not rely on the exact shape of the objects, one must be clear about just what properties these problems do rely on. From this need arises the notion of topological equivalence. The impossibility of crossing each bridge just once applies to any arrangement of bridges topologically equivalent to those in Königsberg, and the hairy ball theorem applies to any space topologically equivalent to a sphere. Formally, two spaces are topologically equivalent if there is a homeomorphism between them. In that case the spaces are said to be homeomorphic, and they are considered to be essentially the same for the purposes of topology.

Formally, a homeomorphism is defined as a continuous bijection with a continuous inverse, which is not terribly intuitive even to one who knows what the words in the definition mean. A more informal criterion gives a better visual sense: two spaces are topologically equivalent if one can be deformed into the other without cutting it apart or gluing pieces of it together. The traditional joke is that the topologist can't tell the coffee cup she is drinking out of from the donut she is eating, since a sufficiently pliable donut could be reshaped to the form of a coffee cup by creating a dimple and progressively enlarging it, while shrinking the hole into a handle.

One simple introductory exercise is to classify the letters of the English alphabet according to topological equivalence. To be simple, it is assumed that the lines of the letters have nonzero width. Then in most fonts, there is a class {a,b,d,e,g,o,p,q} of letters with a hole, a class {c,f,h,k,l,m,n,r,s,t,u,v,w,x,y,z} of letters without a hole, and a class {i,j} of letters consisting of two pieces. For a more complicated exercise, it may be assumed that the lines have zero width; one can get several different classifications depending on which font is used.

Some useful theorems

Some useful notions from algebraic topology

See also list of algebraic topology topics.

Sketchy outline of the deeper theory

Generalizations

Occasionally, one needs to use the tools of topology but a "set of points" is not available. In pointless topology one considers instead the lattice of open sets as the basic notion of the theory, while Grothendieck topologies are certain structures defined on arbitrary categories which allow the definition of sheaves on those categories, and with that the definition of quite general cohomology theories.

Related articles

External link

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Union

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

A Union is a single entity which is a collection of two or more entities.

Other references are:

(not to be confused with places named Uniontown and Unionville)
(There are also Union Beach, New Jersey and Union Springs, Alabama.)

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Union (commerce)

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

A union is a commercial entity that, unlike a corporation, is governed democratically with one vote per member.

Common examples include:

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Union (commerce)."

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Union (set theory)

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

In set theory and other branches of mathematics, the union of some sets is the set that contains everything that belongs to any of the sets, but nothing else.

Basic definition


A∪B in Venn diagram

If A and B are sets, then the union of A and B is the set that contains all elements of A and all elements of B, but no other elements. The union of A and B is standardly written "A ∪ B". Formally:

x is an element of A ∪ B if and only if
  • x is an element of A or
x is an element of B.
(This is an inclusive "or".)

For example, the union of the sets {1,2,3} and {2,3,4} is {1,2,3,4}. The number 9 is not contained in the union of the set of prime numbers {2,3,5,7,11,...} and the set of even numbers {2,4,6,8,10,...}, because 9 is neither prime nor even.

More generally, one can take the union of several sets at once. The union of A, B, and C, for example, contains all elements of A, all elements of B, and all elements of C, and nothing else. Formally, x is an element of A ∪ B ∪ C ∪ D iff x is in A or x is in B or x is in C.

Algebraic properties

Binary union (the union of just two sets at a time) is an associative operation; that is, A ∪ (B ∪ C) = (A ∪ B) ∪ C. In fact, A ∪ B ∪ C is equal to both of these sets as well, so parentheses are never needed when writing only unions. Similarly, union is commutative, so you can write the sets in any order. The empty set is an identity element for the operation of union. That is, {} ∪ A = A, for any set A. Thus one can think of the empty set as the union of zero sets. In terms of the definitions, these facts follow from analogous facts about logical disjunction.

Together with intersection and complement, union makes any power set into a Boolean algebra. For example union and intersection distributes over each other, and all three operations are combined in de Morgan's laws. If you want a Boolean ring instead of a Boolean algebra, then you can replace union with symmetric difference.

Infinitary unions

The most general notion is the union of an arbitrary collection of sets. If M is a set whose elements are themselves sets, then x is an element of the union of M if and only if for at least one element A of M, x is an element of A. In symbols:

That this union of M is a set no matter how large a set M itself might be, is the content of the axiom of union in formal set theory.

This idea subsumes the above paragraphs, in that for example, A ∪ B ∪ C is the union of the collection {A,B,C}. Also, if M is the empty collection, then the union of M is the empty set. The analogy between finitary unions and logical disjunction extends to one between infinitary unions and existential quantification.

The notation for the general concept can vary considerably. Hardcore set theorists will simply write

while most people will instead write
The latter notation can be generalised to
which refers to the union of the collection {Ai : i is in I}. Here I is a set, and Ai is a set for every i in I. In the case that the index set I is the set of natural numbers, the notation is analogous that that of summation:
When formatting is difficult, this can also be written "A1 ∪ A2 ∪ A3 ∪ ···". (This last example, a union of countably many sets, is very common in analysis; for an example see the article on σalgebras.) Finally, let us note that whenever the symbol "∪" is placed before other symbols instead of between them, it is of a larger size.

Intersection distributes over infinitary union, in the sense that

We can also combine ifinitary union with infinitary intersection to get the law

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Union (set theory)."

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Union County, Arkansas

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Union County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of 2000, the population is 45,629. The county seat is El Dorado.

Union County was formed on 2 November 1829 and was named from the citizen's petition for a new county which stated that they were petitioning "in the spirit of Union and Unity".

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 2,733 km² (1,055 mi²). 2,691 km² (1,039 mi²) of it is land and 42 km² (16 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 1.55% water.

Demographics

As of the census2 of 2000, there are 45,629 people, 17,989 households, and 12,646 families residing in the county. The population density is 17/km² (44/mi²). There are 20,676 housing units at an average density of 8/km² (20/mi²). The racial makeup of the county is 66.15% White, 31.97% Black or African American, 0.24% Native American, 0.40% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.46% from other races, and 0.77% from two or more races. 1.14% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There are 17,989 households out of which 32.20% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.30% are married couples living together, 15.20% have a female householder with no husband present, and 29.70% are non-families. 26.90% of all households are made up of individuals and 12.10% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.48 and the average family size is 3.00.

In the county the population is spread out with 25.90% under the age of 18, 8.30% from 18 to 24, 27.00% from 25 to 44, 22.70% from 45 to 64, and 16.10% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 38 years. For every 100 females there are 91.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 86.00 males.

The median income for a household in the county is $29,809, and the median income for a family is $36,805. Males have a median income of $31,868 versus $19,740 for females. The per capita income for the county is $16,063. 18.70% of the population and 14.70% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 25.80% are under the age of 18 and 14.30% are 65 or older.

Cities and towns

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Union County, Georgia

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)


Union County is a county located in the U.S. State of Georgia. As of 2000, the population is 17,289. The county's county seat is Blairsville, Georgia6.

Geography


According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 852 km² (329 mi²). 835 km² (323 mi²) of it is land and 17 km² (6 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 1.97% water.

Demographics


As of the census2 of 2000, there are 17,289 people, 7,159 households, and 5,211 families residing in the county. The population density is 21/km² (54/mi²). There are 10,001 housing units at an average density of 12/km² (31/mi²). The racial makeup of the county is 97.94% White, 0.58% Black or African American, 0.25% Native American, 0.23% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.24% from other races, and 0.74% from two or more races. 0.88% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 7,159 households out of which 24.80% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.90% are married couples living together, 7.10% have a female householder with no husband present, and 27.20% are non-families. 24.20% of all households are made up of individuals and 12.00% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.35 and the average family size is 2.77. In the county the population is spread out with 20.00% under the age of 18, 6.60% from 18 to 24, 23.60% from 25 to 44, 28.20% from 45 to 64, and 21.60% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 45 years. For every 100 females there are 96.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 94.60 males. The median income for a household in the county is $31,893, and the median income for a family is $39,776. Males have a median income of $29,127 versus $20,871 for females. The per capita income for the county is $18,845. 12.50% of the population and 9.30% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 13.10% are under the age of 18 and 15.90% are 65 or older.

Cities and towns


*Blairsville

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Union County, Georgia."

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Union County, Iowa

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Union County is a county located in the U.S. State of Iowa. As of 2000, the population is 12,309. Its county seat is Creston, Iowa6.

Geography


According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,103 km² (426 mi²). 1,099 km² (424 mi²) of it is land and 4 km² (2 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.37% water.

Demographics


As of the census2 of 2000, there are 12,309 people, 5,242 households, and 3,354 families residing in the county. The population density is 11/km² (29/mi²). There are 5,657 housing units at an average density of 5/km² (13/mi²). The racial makeup of the county is 98.44% White, 0.23% Black or African American, 0.17% Native American, 0.25% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.32% from other races, and 0.58% from two or more races. 1.02% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 5,242 households out of which 27.50% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.10% are married couples living together, 8.00% have a female householder with no husband present, and 36.00% are non-families. 31.30% of all households are made up of individuals and 14.40% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.29 and the average family size is 2.87. In the county the population is spread out with 23.30% under the age of 18, 8.70% from 18 to 24, 25.30% from 25 to 44, 24.00% from 45 to 64, and 18.70% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 40 years. For every 100 females there are 92.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 89.00 males. The median income for a household in the county is $31,905, and the median income for a family is $41,453. Males have a median income of $27,700 versus $20,760 for females. The per capita income for the county is $16,690. 11.40% of the population and 7.40% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 13.80% are under the age of 18 and 9.30% are 65 or older.

Cities and towns


*Afton
*Arispe
*Creston
*Cromwell
*Kent
*Lorimor
*Thayer

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Union County, Iowa."

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Union County, Oregon

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)


Union County is a county located in the U.S. State of Oregon. The county was named for the town of Union, Oregon, located within its boundaries. As of 2000, the population is 24,530.

Economy


The initial economic interest in the area was mining, but most of the mines were in the portion Baker County annexed in 1901. Farming (wheat, fruit, vegetables, and grass seeds), cattle, sheep raising, and timber have replaced mining as the primary economic forces in the county. Nearby mountains and streams offer hunting, fishing, skiing, and camping, which attract vacationers. The Forest Service owns 47% of the lands inside the county boundaries.

Geography


According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 5,280 km² (2,039 mi²). 5,275 km² (2,037 mi²) of it is land and 5 km² (2 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.10% water.

Demographics


As of the census2 of 2000, there are 24,530 people, 9,740 households, and 6,516 families residing in the county. The population density is 5/km² (12/mi²). There are 10,603 housing units at an average density of 2/km² (5/mi²). The racial makeup of the county is 94.29% White, 0.51% Black or African American, 0.85% Native American, 0.85% Asian, 0.62% Pacific Islander, 1.22% from other races, and 1.67% from two or more races. 2.45% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 9,740 households out of which 30.00% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.10% are married couples living together, 8.50% have a female householder with no husband present, and 33.10% are non-families. 26.10% of all households are made up of individuals and 10.80% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.45 and the average family size is 2.94. In the county, the population is spread out with 24.60% under the age of 18, 12.10% from 18 to 24, 23.50% from 25 to 44, 25.00% from 45 to 64, and 14.70% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 38 years. For every 100 females there are 95.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 92.40 males. The median income for a household in the county is $33,738, and the median income for a family is $40,520. Males have a median income of $33,028 versus $21,740 for females. The per capita income for the county is $16,907. 13.80% of the population and 8.50% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 13.60% are under the age of 18 and 9.50% are 65 or older.

History


Population growth in eastern Oregon during the early 1860s prompted the State Legislature to split Umatilla and Baker Counties from Wasco County in 1862. Further settlement in the Grande Ronde Valley led to the creation of Union County from Baker County on October 14, 1864. The establishment of a county seat resulted in competition, based on geography and on economic and population growth, between La Grande and the city of Union. The county seat alternated between Union and La Grande until it permanently came to rest at La Grande in 1905. Between 1875 and 1913, adjustments were made between Union County's borders and the borders of Baker, Umatilla, and Wallowa Counties.

Cities and towns


*Cove
*Elgin
*Imbler
*Island City
*La Grande
*North Powder
*Summerville
*Union

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Union County, Oregon."

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Union County, Pennsylvania

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Union County is a county located in the U.S. State of Pennsylvania. As of 2000, the population is 41,624. Its county seat is Lewisburg6.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 821 km² (317 mi²). 820 km² (317 mi²) of it is land and 1 km² (0 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.12% water.

Demographics

As of the census2 of 2000, there are 41,624 people, 13,178 households, and 9,211 families residing in the county. The population density is 51/km² (131/mi²). There are 14,684 housing units at an average density of 18/km² (46/mi²). The racial makeup of the county is 90.08% White, 6.91% Black or African American, 0.16% Native American, 1.06% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.37% from other races, and 1.37% from two or more races. 3.90% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There are 13,178 households out of which 31.10% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.90% are married couples living together, 6.90% have a female householder with no husband present, and 30.10% are non-families. 25.30% of all households are made up of individuals and 11.80% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.50 and the average family size is 3.00.

In the county, the population is spread out with 20.10% under the age of 18, 13.90% from 18 to 24, 30.90% from 25 to 44, 21.70% from 45 to 64, and 13.40% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 36 years. For every 100 females there are 123.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 128.50 males.

Cities and towns

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Union, Alabama

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Union is a town located in Greene County, Alabama. As of the 2000 census, the population of the town is 227.

Geography


Union is located at 32°59'39" North, 87°54'19" West (32.994164, -87.905313)1. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.1 km² (0.8 mi²). 2.1 km² (0.8 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water.

Demographics


As of the census2 of 2000, there are 227 people, 85 households, and 53 families residing in the town. The population density is 106.9/km² (276.8/mi²). There are 103 housing units at an average density of 48.5/km² (125.6/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 7.93% White, 92.07% Black or African American, 0.00% Native American, 0.00% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.00% from other races, and 0.00% from two or more races. 0.00% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 85 households out of which 32.9% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.2% are married couples living together, 18.8% have a female householder with no husband present, and 37.6% are non-families. 35.3% of all households are made up of individuals and 10.6% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.67 and the average family size is 3.58. In the town the population is spread out with 27.8% under the age of 18, 11.5% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.9% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 37 years. For every 100 females there are 106.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 92.9 males. The median income for a household in the town is $22,031, and the median income for a family is $28,125. Males have a median income of $30,625 versus $17,083 for females. The per capita income for the town is $10,842. 32.6% of the population and 36.4% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 42.5% are under the age of 18 and 60.0% are 65 or older.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Union, Alabama."

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Union, Burnett County, Wisconsin

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Union is a town located in Burnett County, Wisconsin. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 351.

Geography


According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 98.1 km² (37.9 mi²). 89.3 km² (34.5 mi²) of it is land and 8.8 km² (3.4 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 8.93% water.

Demographics


As of the census of 2000, there are 351 people, 171 households, and 115 families residing in the town. The population density is 3.9/km² (10.2/mi²). There are 422 housing units at an average density of 4.7/km² (12.2/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 98.01% White, 0.00% African American, 1.42% Native American, 0.00% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.00% from other races, and 0.57% from two or more races. 0.28% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 171 households out of which 12.9% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.4% are married couples living together, 3.5% have a female householder with no husband present, and 32.7% are non-families. 25.7% of all households are made up of individuals and 10.5% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.05 and the average family size is 2.43. In the town the population is spread out with 12.0% under the age of 18, 2.6% from 18 to 24, 18.8% from 25 to 44, 41.3% from 45 to 64, and 25.4% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 56 years. For every 100 females there are 102.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 104.6 males. The median income for a household in the town is $31,250, and the median income for a family is $33,906. Males have a median income of $30,625 versus $21,875 for females. The per capita income for the town is $18,404. 8.0% of the population and 3.3% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 0.0% are under the age of 18 and 5.6% are 65 or older.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Union, Burnett County, Wisconsin."

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Union, Connecticut

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Union is a town located in Tolland County, Connecticut. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 693.

Geography


According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 77.3 km² (29.8 mi²). 74.4 km² (28.7 mi²) of it is land and 2.9 km² (1.1 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 3.75% water.

Demographics


As of the census of 2000, there are 693 people, 285 households, and 200 families residing in the town. The population density is 9.3/km² (24.1/mi²). There are 332 housing units at an average density of 4.5/km² (11.6/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 98.56% White, 0.00% African American, 0.00% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.00% from other races, and 1.30% from two or more races. 0.00% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 285 households out of which 27.4% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.6% are married couples living together, 4.6% have a female householder with no husband present, and 29.5% are non-families. 22.5% of all households are made up of individuals and 4.9% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.43 and the average family size is 2.87. In the town the population is spread out with 21.5% under the age of 18, 3.3% from 18 to 24, 34.6% from 25 to 44, 28.7% from 45 to 64, and 11.8% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 40 years. For every 100 females there are 103.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 103.0 males. The median income for a household in the town is $58,214, and the median income for a family is $65,417. Males have a median income of $48,021 versus $35,469 for females. The per capita income for the town is $27,900. 3.5% of the population and 2.0% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 5.9% are under the age of 18 and 0.0% are 65 or older.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Union, Connecticut."

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Union, Door County, Wisconsin

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Union is a town located in Door County, Wisconsin. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 880.

Geography


According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 93.0 km² (35.9 mi²). 54.8 km² (21.2 mi²) of it is land and 38.2 km² (14.7 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 41.02% water.

Demographics


As of the census of 2000, there are 880 people, 335 households, and 259 families residing in the town. The population density is 16.0/km² (41.6/mi²). There are 512 housing units at an average density of 9.3/km² (24.2/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 99.20% White, 0.34% African American, 0.00% Native American, 0.23% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.00% from other races, and 0.23% from two or more races. 0.45% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 335 households out of which 31.9% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.0% are married couples living together, 5.4% have a female householder with no husband present, and 22.4% are non-families. 17.9% of all households are made up of individuals and 6.6% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.63 and the average family size is 3.00. In the town the population is spread out with 26.1% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 27.0% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 38 years. For every 100 females there are 102.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 105.7 males. The median income for a household in the town is $47,604, and the median income for a family is $51,917. Males have a median income of $32,250 versus $21,875 for females. The per capita income for the town is $19,372. 5.1% of the population and 4.1% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 2.4% are under the age of 18 and 7.0% are 65 or older.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Union, Door County, Wisconsin."

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Union, Eau Claire County, Wisconsin

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Union is a town located in Eau Claire County, Wisconsin. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 2,402.

Geography


According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 73.6 km² (28.4 mi²). 72.4 km² (27.9 mi²) of it is land and 1.2 km² (0.5 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 1.69% water.

Demographics


As of the census of 2000, there are 2,402 people, 856 households, and 678 families residing in the town. The population density is 33.2/km² (86.0/mi²). There are 878 housing units at an average density of 12.1/km² (31.4/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 95.88% White, 0.04% African American, 0.54% Native American, 3.04% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.17% from other races, and 0.33% from two or more races. 0.42% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 856 households out of which 33.6% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.2% are married couples living together, 6.0% have a female householder with no husband present, and 20.7% are non-families. 14.4% of all households are made up of individuals and 4.7% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.79 and the average family size is 3.08. In the town the population is spread out with 26.1% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 26.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 38 years. For every 100 females there are 103.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 104.5 males. The median income for a household in the town is $52,333, and the median income for a family is $55,921. Males have a median income of $31,750 versus $25,588 for females. The per capita income for the town is $20,518. 5.4% of the population and 5.0% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 2.9% are under the age of 18 and 11.3% are 65 or older.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Union, Eau Claire County, Wisconsin."

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Union, Illinois

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Union is a village located in McHenry County, Illinois. As of the 2000 census, the village had a total population of 576.

Geography


Union is located at 42°14'7" North, 88°32'33" West (42.235237, -88.542379)1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.6 km² (0.6 mi²). 1.6 km² (0.6 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water.

Demographics


As of the census of 2000, there are 576 people, 204 households, and 158 families residing in the village. The population density is 364.6/km² (950.4/mi²). There are 208 housing units at an average density of 131.7/km² (343.2/mi²). The racial makeup of the village is 98.09% White, 0.00% African American, 0.35% Native American, 0.00% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.87% from other races, and 0.69% from two or more races. 3.99% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 204 households out of which 37.7% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.7% are married couples living together, 9.3% have a female householder with no husband present, and 22.5% are non-families. 15.7% of all households are made up of individuals and 6.4% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.82 and the average family size is 3.15. In the village the population is spread out with 28.0% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 34.2% from 25 to 44, 19.3% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 36 years. For every 100 females there are 92.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 97.6 males. The median income for a household in the village is $56,528, and the median income for a family is $57,500. Males have a median income of $38,393 versus $25,536 for females. The per capita income for the village is $21,218. 5.2% of the population and 5.8% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 2.9% are under the age of 18 and 16.7% are 65 or older.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Union, Illinois."

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Union, Iowa

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Union is a city located in Hardin County, Iowa. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 427.

Geography


Union is located at 42°14'41" North, 93°3'51" West (42.244715, -93.064240)1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.4 km² (0.6 mi²). 1.4 km² (0.6 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water.

Demographics


As of the census of 2000, there are 427 people, 183 households, and 124 families residing in the city. The population density is 299.8/km² (772.8/mi²). There are 209 housing units at an average density of 146.7/km² (378.3/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 99.06% White, 0.23% African American, 0.70% Native American, 0.00% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.00% from other races, and 0.00% from two or more races. 0.70% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 183 households out of which 27.3% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.0% are married couples living together, 4.9% have a female householder with no husband present, and 32.2% are non-families. 29.5% of all households are made up of individuals and 19.1% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.33 and the average family size is 2.87. In the city the population is spread out with 24.1% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 23.7% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 21.3% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 41 years. For every 100 females there are 92.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 90.6 males. The median income for a household in the city is $34,792, and the median income for a family is $39,792. Males have a median income of $25,417 versus $20,000 for females. The per capita income for the city is $16,370. 12.0% of the population and 8.8% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 17.0% are under the age of 18 and 6.2% are 65 or older.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Union, Iowa."

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Union, Kentucky

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Union is a city located in Boone County, Kentucky. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 2,893.

Geography

Union is located at 38°56'43" North, 84°40'19" West (38.945185, -84.671866)1.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 8.4 km² (3.2 mi²). 8.4 km² (3.2 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there are 2,893 people, 850 households, and 783 families residing in the city. The population density is 345.8/km² (894.4/mi²). There are 879 housing units at an average density of 105.1/km² (271.7/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 96.02% White, 0.55% African American, 0.17% Native American, 1.90% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.45% from other races, and 0.86% from two or more races. 0.83% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There are 850 households out of which 62.9% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 85.3% are married couples living together, 5.1% have a female householder with no husband present, and 7.8% are non-families. 5.9% of all households are made up of individuals and 1.8% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 3.40 and the average family size is 3.55.

In the city the population is spread out with 37.6% under the age of 18, 4.8% from 18 to 24, 35.9% from 25 to 44, 19.4% from 45 to 64, and 2.3% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 32 years. For every 100 females there are 100.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 100.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city is $85,454, and the median income for a family is $85,859. Males have a median income of $61,531 versus $34,861 for females. The per capita income for the city is $27,626. 1.4% of the population and 1.4% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 1.1% are under the age of 18 and 3.0% are 65 or older.

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Union, Maine

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Union is a town located in Knox County, Maine. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 2,209.

Geography


According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 89.3 km² (34.5 mi²). 83.1 km² (32.1 mi²) of it is land and 6.1 km² (2.4 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 6.88% water.

Demographics


As of the census of 2000, there are 2,209 people, 863 households, and 632 families residing in the town. The population density is 26.6/km² (68.8/mi²). There are 1,052 housing units at an average density of 12.7/km² (32.8/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 98.64% White, 0.09% African American, 0.23% Native American, 0.23% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.00% from other races, and 0.81% from two or more races. 0.27% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 863 households out of which 31.9% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.2% are married couples living together, 9.5% have a female householder with no husband present, and 26.7% are non-families. 20.2% of all households are made up of individuals and 6.6% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.51 and the average family size is 2.85. In the town the population is spread out with 24.6% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 27.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.4% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 40 years. For every 100 females there are 95.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 92.8 males. The median income for a household in the town is $37,679, and the median income for a family is $41,050. Males have a median income of $30,984 versus $23,438 for females. The per capita income for the town is $16,240. 9.6% of the population and 6.1% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 8.3% are under the age of 18 and 5.5% are 65 or older.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Union, Maine."

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Union, Mississippi

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Union is a town located in Mississippi. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 2,021.

Geography


Union is located at 32°34'17" North, 89°7'5" West (32.571320, -89.118118)1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 8.9 km² (3.4 mi²). None of the area is covered with water.

Demographics


As of the census of 2000, there are 2,021 people, 780 households, and 509 families residing in the town. The population density is 227.5/km² (589.0/mi²). There are 884 housing units at an average density of 99.5/km² (257.6/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 62.84% White, 35.53% African American, 0.35% Native American, 0.20% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.05% from other races, and 1.04% from two or more races. 0.64% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 780 households out of which 31.8% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% are married couples living together, 18.8% have a female householder with no husband present, and 34.7% are non-families. 32.3% of all households are made up of individuals and 18.1% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.46 and the average family size is 3.12. In the town the population is spread out with 27.2% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 23.1% from 25 to 44, 19.7% from 45 to 64, and 21.5% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 38 years. For every 100 females there are 79.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 74.0 males. The median income for a household in the town is $21,696, and the median income for a family is $28,542. Males have a median income of $26,667 versus $17,328 for females. The per capita income for the town is $12,176. 35.2% of the population and 28.4% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 49.7% are under the age of 18 and 37.4% are 65 or older.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Union, Mississippi."

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Union, Missouri

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Union is a city located in Franklin County, Missouri. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 7,757. It is the county seat of Franklin County6.

Geography


Union is located at 38°26'48" North, 91°0'22" West (38.446684, -91.006070)1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 20.9 km² (8.1 mi²). 20.9 km² (8.1 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water.

Demographics


As of the census of 2000, there are 7,757 people, 2,940 households, and 2,002 families residing in the city. The population density is 370.7/km² (959.9/mi²). There are 3,133 housing units at an average density of 149.7/km² (387.7/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 96.44% White, 1.43% African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.17% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.23% from other races, and 1.43% from two or more races. 0.99% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 2,940 households out of which 35.7% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.7% are married couples living together, 11.5% have a female householder with no husband present, and 31.9% are non-families. 26.8% of all households are made up of individuals and 11.1% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.56 and the average family size is 3.10. In the city the population is spread out with 27.6% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 31.0% from 25 to 44, 19.1% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 34 years. For every 100 females there are 94.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 91.0 males. The median income for a household in the city is $39,596, and the median income for a family is $44,474. Males have a median income of $31,852 versus $22,924 for females. The per capita income for the city is $16,885. 7.2% of the population and 4.2% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 4.8% are under the age of 18 and 11.2% are 65 or older.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Union, Missouri."

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Union, Nebraska

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Union is a village located in Cass County, Nebraska. As of the 2000 census, the village had a total population of 260.

Geography


Union is located at 40°48'50" North, 95°55'20" West (40.813763, -95.922336)1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.5 km² (0.2 mi²). 0.5 km² (0.2 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water.

Demographics


As of the census of 2000, there are 260 people, 102 households, and 78 families residing in the village. The population density is 478.0/km² (1,252.8/mi²). There are 112 housing units at an average density of 205.9/km² (539.7/mi²). The racial makeup of the village is 97.31% White, 0.00% African American, 0.38% Native American, 0.77% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.00% from other races, and 1.54% from two or more races. 1.15% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 102 households out of which 35.3% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.6% are married couples living together, 4.9% have a female householder with no husband present, and 23.5% are non-families. 21.6% of all households are made up of individuals and 11.8% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.55 and the average family size is 2.94. In the village the population is spread out with 27.3% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 32.7% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 9.6% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 37 years. For every 100 females there are 106.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 103.2 males. The median income for a household in the village is $35,000, and the median income for a family is $39,375. Males have a median income of $32,500 versus $20,000 for females. The per capita income for the village is $14,839. 5.2% of the population and 7.0% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 6.6% are under the age of 18 and 8.0% are 65 or older.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a