Toxin

Definition: Toxin

Toxin

Noun

1. A poisonous substance produced during the metabolism and growth of certain microorganisms and some higher plant and animal species.

Date "toxin" was first used: 1886. (references)

Specialty Definition: Toxin

Domain	Definition
Health	A poison; frequently used to refer specifically to a protein produced by some higher plants, certain animals, and pathogenic bacteria, which is highly toxic for other living organisms. Such substances are differentiated from the simple chemical poisons and the vegetable alkaloids by their high molecular weight and antigenicity. (references)
Medicine	Any poisonous substance of biological origin. Source: European Union. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Synonyms within Context: Toxin

Context	Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).
Bane	Poison, toxin; teratogen; leaven, virus venom; arsenic; antimony, tartar emetic; strychnine, nicotine; miasma, miasm, mephitis, malaria, azote, sewer gas; pest.
Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: Toxin

English words defined with "toxin": anatoxin, animal toxin, antigen, antitoxic, antitoxin ♦ botulin, botulinum, botulinus, botulinus toxin, botulismotoxin ♦ Clostridium botulinum ♦ endotoxin, exotoxin ♦ hepatitis ♦ inoculant, inoculum ♦ neurolysin, neurotoxin ♦ phytotoxin, plant toxin ♦ strychnine ♦ toxic, toxin antitoxin, toxoid ♦ venom ♦ zootoxin. (references)

Specialty definitions using "toxin": ADP-Ribosylation Factors, Aflatoxin B1, Amanitins, anaphylactogen, anatoxine ♦ Bacillus thuringiensis, black disease of sheep, Body Burden, Bt ♦ Calcium Channels, R-Type, Ciguatoxin, Clostridium difficile, Clostridium novyi or Clostridium oedematiens infection, Clostridium tetani ♦ Diphtheria Antitoxin, DTGM fusion protein ♦ endotoxic ♦ Gliotoxin ♦ Holothurin ♦ Immunotoxins, infectious necrotic hepatitis ♦ Mycotoxins ♦ necrotic hepatitis ♦ omega-Agatoxin IVA ♦ pertussis toxin, Pest resistance management plans ♦ Sarcocystosis, Shiga Toxin, Shiga Toxins, Shiga-Like Toxin I, Shiga-Like Toxin II, Stachybotrys, Substance-Related Disorders ♦ Tetanus Toxin, Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin, Tetrodotoxin, Tick Paralysis. (references)

Non-English Usage: "Toxin" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses.

Czech (toxin), German (toxin), Hungarian (toxin), Swedish (toxin).

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Modern Usage: Toxin

Domain	Usage
Screenplays	Exposure to every known toxin and effluent in this city. (Extreme Ghostbusters; writing credit: Brooks Wachtel)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: Toxin

Domain	Title
Books	Handbook of Botulinum Toxin Treatment (reference) Microbial Foodborne Diseases: Mechanisms of Pathogenesis and Toxin Synthesis (reference) Pore-Forming Peptides and Protein Toxins (Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Toxin Action, V. 5) (reference) Toxin (reference) Toxins and Signal Transduction (Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Toxin Action) (reference) (more book examples)

Theater & Movies	Zombie Toxin (reference) (more DVD examples; more video examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Photo Album: Toxin

Thumbnail	Description & Credit	Thumbnail	Description & Credit
	Vibrio cholerae is transmitted to humans through the ingestion of contaminated food or water, and produces a cholera toxin, which acts on the intestinal mucosa, and causes severe diarrhea. Credit: CDC.		This is a photomicrograph of Clostridium botulinum stained with Gentian violet. The bacterium C. botulinum produces a nerve toxin, which causes the rare, but serious paralytic illness Botulism. Credit: CDC.
	The bacterium C. botulinum produces a nerve toxin, which causes the rare, but serious paralytic illness Botulism. There are seven types of botulism toxin designated by the letters A through G; only types A, B, E and F cause illness in humans. Credit: CDC.		These C. botulinum bacteria were cultured in thioglycollate broth for 48 hours at 35 degrees Centigrade. The bacterium C. botulinum produces a nerve toxin, which causes the rare, but serious paralytic illness Botulism. Credit: CDC.
	Of the three biotypes of C. diphtheriae, i.e. gravis, intermedius, and mitis, the most severe disease is associated with the gravis type, though any strain may produce toxin. Colonial growth pattern determines the biotype. Credit: CDC.		The toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus causes the illness "staphylococcal intoxication". Symptoms of this intoxication include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Credit: CDC.
	Grouper coming up during ciguatera studies. Grouper are suspect species in these islands for carrying toxin. Credit: Small World.
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Toxin

Subject	Topic	Quote
Health		Some patients develop antibodies to the toxin. (references)
		Not all patients respond to botulinum toxin injection. (references)
		Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 or O139 that produces cholera toxin. (references)
Economic History	Russia	Facilities and government officials in countries where the U.S. Government is pursuing redirection activities are explicitly informed that any cooperation with countries of proliferation concern or terrorist entities, or any behavior inconsistent with the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BWC), would have an immediate and negative impact on U.S. Government assistance. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Usage Frequency: Toxin

"Toxin" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Toxin" is used about 211 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Noun (singular)	100%	211	20,883

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Expressions: Toxin

Expressions using "toxin": animal toxin ♦ bacterial toxin ♦ Botulinum Toxin Type A ♦ botulinus toxin ♦ Cholera Toxin ♦ Diphtheria Toxin ♦ pertussis toxin ♦ plant toxin ♦ Shiga Toxin ♦ Shiga-Like Toxin I ♦ Shiga-Like Toxin II ♦ T-2 Toxin ♦ Tetanus Toxin ♦ toxin A ♦ toxin antitoxin ♦ toxin fever. Additional references.
Hyphenated Usage
	Beginning with "toxin": toxin-contaminated, toxin-producing, toxin-sensitive, toxin-users.
	Ending with "toxin": anti-toxin, beta-toxin, epsilon-toxin, neuro-toxin, what's-your-toxin.
	Containing "toxin": beta-toxin-producing, non-epsilon-toxin-producing.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Toxin

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.

Expression	Frequency per Day	Expression	Frequency per Day
botulinum toxin	55	pertussis toxin	3
toxin	27	botolinum toxin	3
termite pest control infestation poison toxin	18	toxin cleansing	3
clostridium difficile toxin	9	pcr pertussis toxin	3
c difficile toxin	8	diphtheria toxin	3
botulism toxin	7	7 anti toxin	2
botulinum toxin type a	6	botulin toxin	2
free product toxin	6	effect environment health toxin	2
cholera toxin	5	scorpion toxin	2
c diff toxin	5	botulinium toxin	2
botulinum clostridium toxin	4	alternative control infestation pest poison termite toxin	2
tetanus toxin	4	anti tetanus toxin	2
ddt toxin	4	business free product sell toxin	2
shiga toxin	3	mushroom toxin wild	2
bt toxin	3	active ingredient produced toxin	2
technology toxin	3
		active ingredient produced toxin	2
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translation: Toxin

Language		Translations for "toxin"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Albanian		toksinë. (various references)

Arabic		‏مادة سامة, ‏توكسين. (various references)

Chinese		�'� . (various references)

Czech		toxin. (various references)

Danish		toksin (toxic agent). (various references)

Dutch		toxine (toxic agent). (various references)

Farsi		ترکیب زهردار, زهرابه , داروی سمی . (various references)

Finnish		toksiini, myrkky (poison, venom). (various references)

French		toxine (toxic agent). (various references)

German		Toxin (toxic agent), Giftstoff (toxicity), gift (bane, poison, venom). (various references)

Greek		τοξίνη (toxic agent). (various references)

Hebrew		רעלן, סם (drug, medicine, narcotic, poison). (various references)

Hungarian		toxin, méreganyag. (various references)

Italian		tossina (toxic agent). (various references)

Japanese Kanji		�'� . (various references)

Japanese Katakana		どくそ. (various references)

Korean		독소. (various references)

Manx		tomaine. (various references)

Pig Latin		oxintay

Portuguese		toxina (toxic agent). (various references)

Romanian		toxinã. (various references)

Russian		токсин. (various references)

Serbo-Croatian		toksin, otrov (bane, hemlock, poison, toxicant, venom). (various references)

Spanish		toxina (toxic agent). (various references)

Swedish		gift (hemlock, married, poison, venom, virus, wedded). (various references)

Turkish		toksin. (various references)

Ukrainian		токсин. (various references)

Vietnamese		độc tố toxin. (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Ancestral Language Translations: Toxin

Language	Period	Translations
Latin	500 BCE-Modern	toxicum. (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Toxin

Derivations
	Words beginning with "toxin": toxine, toxines, toxins. (additional references)
	Words ending with "toxin": aflatoxin, anatoxin, antitoxin, biotoxin, cytotoxin, digitoxin, endotoxin, enterotoxin, exotoxin, mycotoxin, neurotoxin, picrotoxin, saxitoxin, tetrodotoxin. (additional references)
	Words containing "toxin": aflatoxins, anatoxins, antitoxins, biotoxins, cytotoxins, detoxing, digitoxins, endotoxins, enterotoxins, exotoxins, mycotoxins, neurotoxins, picrotoxins, saxitoxins, tetrodotoxins. (additional references)
Misspellings
	"Toxin" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: doxin, joxin, loxin, oxin, roxin, shuxian, taxen, texen, texin, toaxi, tobiano, togin, toin, Tomini, tonix, toosin, tooxi, Topin, torin, Tosini, towin, toxal, toxcin, toxeen, toxen, toxi, toxia, toxib, toxid, toxil, toxina, toxinc, toxing, toxir, toxon, toxsin, toxy, tozen, tozin, Tronix, tucxi, tuxi, Tuxon, Txii. (additional references)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Toxin"

# of Phoneme Matches	Pronunciation	Word(s) rhyming with "toxin" (pronounced tÄ"ksun)
6	t Ä" k s u n	aflatoxin, antitoxin.
5	-Ä" k s u n	dioxin, oxen.
4	-k s u n	claxon.
3	-s u n	angiotensin, arson, assassin, basin, bison, bolson, businessperson, capsaicin, chairperson, chasten, christen, comparison, congressperson, damson, delicatessen, diocesan, Dobson, ensign, fasten, garrison, Gibson, glisten, hasten, Hyson, jettison, keelson, kelson, layperson, lessen, lesson, listen, loosen, Mason, medicine, moisten, myosin, Nelson, newsperson, oxytocin, parson, person, rechristen, rhodopsin, salesperson, spokesperson, unison, venison, washbasin, weatherperson, worsen.
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Toxin

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "i-n-o-t-x"
	-1 letter: into.
	-2 letters: ion, nit, nix, not, tin, ton.
	-3 letters: in, it, no, on, ox, ti, to, xi.
	Words containing the letters "i-n-o-t-x"
	+1 letter: toxine, toxins.
	+2 letters: exciton, outjinx, oxidant, toxines.
	+3 letters: anatoxin, biotoxin, detoxing, exaction, excitons, exertion, exotoxin, fixation, laxation, luxation, nontoxic, oxidants, oxytocin, pontifex, taxation, thyroxin, toxicant, unexotic, vexation, xenolith.
	+4 letters: aflatoxin, anatoxins, antitoxic, antitoxin, biotoxins, convexity, cytotoxin, digitoxin, endotoxic, endotoxin, exactions, exception, excitonic, excretion, execution, exemption, exertions, exhorting, exodontia, exotoxins, expiation, exporting, exsertion, extension, extolling, extorting, extortion, extrusion, exudation, fixations, laxations, luxations, mycotoxin, nonexotic, nonsexist, outboxing, outfoxing, outjinxed, outjinxes, oxalating, oxidating, oxidation, oxytocins, pentoxide, saxitoxin, sixteenmo, tamoxifen, taxations, taxonomic, thyroxine, thyroxins, tinderbox, toxicants, toxigenic, vexations, xenoliths.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.