Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

TETRODOTOXIN

Specialty Definition: TETRODOTOXIN

DomainDefinition

Health

Octahydro-12-(hydroxymethyl)-2-imino-5,9:7,10a-dimethano- 10aH-(1,3)dioxocino(6,5-a)pyrimidine-4,7,10,11,12-pentol. An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order Tetradontiformes (pufferfish, globefish, toadfish), which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction. (references)

Medicine

Inhibitor of neuron action potentials. Source: European Union. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Tetrodotoxin

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Tetrodotoxin is a potent neurotoxin, which shuts down electrical signalling in nerves by binding to the pores of sodium channel proteins in nerve cell membranes. Its name derives from Tetraodontidae, the scientific family name of the puffer fishes, some species of which carry the toxin. Although tetrodotoxin was discovered in these fish, it is actually a product of Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis tetraodonis bacteria, which live inside them, as well as inside some other sea creatures.

The effects of tetrodotoxin poisoning include shortness of breath, numbness, tingling, lightheadedness, paralysis and irregular heartbeat. Symptoms typically onset quickly, minor ones instantaneously. Death may occur in minutes and is the usual outcome. Although the toxin unbinds from channels as its concentration around nerves diminishes, the molecules are exceptionally potent and unbind only very slowly. Treatment usually consists of respiratory assistance. Nothing equivalent to an antivenom has been developed--presumably because the toxin acts quickly and binds with an affinity that isn't easily overcome.

Common causes of tetrodotoxin poisoning include the eating of the puffer fish known as fugu, which is a popular but rare delicacy in Japan and often contains significant amounts of toxin in its liver and other viscera. Cone snail stings represent another common source, which most often affect divers. Blue-ringed octopus, which inhabit tidepools, also sometimes contain the toxin, and people have died from their bites.

Reference:

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Tetrodotoxin."

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Commercial Usage: TETRODOTOXIN

DomainTitle

Books

  • Tetrodotoxin, saxitoxin, and the molecular biology of the sodium channel (reference)

    (more book examples)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Usage Frequency: TETRODOTOXIN

"TETRODOTOXIN" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "TETRODOTOXIN" is used about 11 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Noun (singular)100%11106,044

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: TETRODOTOXIN

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

tetrodotoxin

23
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translation: TETRODOTOXIN

Language Translations for "TETRODOTOXIN"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

French

  

tétrodotoxine. (various references)

   

German

  

Tetrodotoxin. (various references)

   

Italian

  

tetrodotossina. (various references)

   

Japanese Kanji 

  

テキスト終結 (end of text, rough texture, technetium, technetronic, technical, technical center, technical foul, technical knockout, technical point, technical term, technician, Technicolor, technics, technique, techno cut, techno lady, techno mart, techno sound, technocracy, technocrat, technoeconomics, technologies, technology, technology art, technology assessment, technology gap, technology transfer, technomist, technonationalism, technopeasant, technophobia, technopolis, techno-pop, techno-science, techno-stress, technostructure, teddy, teddy bear, Tektronics, tenant, tennis, tennis court, tennis elbow, tennis-wear, tenor, tenor sax, test, test campaign, test case, test driver, test marketing, test pattern, test pilot, test rider, testament, tester, testing, test-mail, testosterone, test-set, Tetoron, tetrachloroethylene, tetracycline, Tetrapack, Tetrapod, Tetris, texture). (various references)

   

Japanese Katakana 

  

テトロドトキシン . (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

etrodotoxintay

   

Spanish

  

tetrodotoxina. (various references)

   

Swedish

  

tetrodotoxin. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Derivations: TETRODOTOXIN

Derivations

Words beginning with "TETRODOTOXIN": tetrodotoxins. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Anagrams: TETRODOTOXIN

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Words within the letters "d-e-i-n-o-o-o-r-t-t-t-x"

-3 letters: extortion.

-4 letters: intorted, nextdoor, tetroxid.

-5 letters: dextrin, dottier, ridotto, tortoni, trident, tritone, trotted.

 Words containing the letters "d-e-i-n-o-o-o-r-t-t-t-x"
 

+1 letter: tetrodotoxins.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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INDEX

1. Usage: Commercial
2. Usage Frequency
3. Expressions: Internet
4. Translations: Modern
5. Derivations
6. Anagrams
7. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.