Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definitions: Tetanus |
TetanusNoun1. An acute and serious infection of the central nervous system caused by bacterial infection of open wounds; spasms of the jaw and laryngeal muscles may occur during the late stages. 2. A sustained muscular contraction resulting from a rapid series of nerve impulses. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "tetanus" was first used: 1392. (references) |
Etymology: Tetanus \Tet"a*nus\, noun. [Latin expression, from the Greek expression, from stretched, to stretch.]. (Websters 1913) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Health | A disease caused by tetanospasmin, a powerful protein toxin produced by Clostridium tetani. Tetanus usually occurs after an acute injury, such as a puncture wound or laceration. Generalized tetanus, the most common form, is characterized by tetanic muscular contractions and hyperreflexia. Localized tetanus presents itself as a mild condition with manifestations restricted to muscles near the wound. It may progress to the generalized form. (references) |
Medicine | A sustained muscular contraction caused by a series of stimuli repeated so rapidly that the individual muscular responses are fused. Motor impulses reach intact muscles in the body at such a rate, usually, as to produce a tetanic contraction. Source: European Union. (references) |
Public Administration | A very dangerous bacterial disease of man and livestock caused by the Clostridium tetani, which enters the body through wounds, particularly from the soil; Civil Protection personnel are therefore at risk and should be protected by vaccination; Also called lockjaw, the disease is usually fatal. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
It was first documented by Hippocrates, and records dating back to the 5th century BCE provide countless clinical observations of the disease. However, the etiology of the disease was not discovered until 1884 by Carle and Rattone. Passive tetanus immunization was first implemented during World War I. Tetanus is contracted through open wounds.
Bacilli of C. tetanus can be found in soil (especially agricultural soil), and the intestines and feces of horses, sheep, cattle, rats, dogs, cats, guinea pigs, and chickens. Spores are found in manure-treated soil, skin surfaces, and contaminated heroin.
There are three different clinical forms of tetanus: local (uncommon), cephalic (rare), and generalized (most common). Generalized tetanus accounts for 80% of tetanus cases.
The incubation period for tetanus is 3-21 days (with the average being about 8 days). For neonates, the incubation period is 4-14 days, with 7 days being the average. Most of the time, the farther the wound is from the central nervous system, the longer the incubation period. Incubation period length and likelihood of death are inversely proportional.
The first sign of tetanus is lockjaw (trismus), followed by stiffness of the neck and back, risus sardonicus, difficulty swallowing, and muscle rigidity in the abdomen. The stiffness and spasming of muscles expands throughout the body inferiorly. Typical signs of tetanus include an increase in body temperature by 2-4° celsius, diaphoresis (excessive sweating), an elevated blood pressure, and an episodic rapid heart rate. Spasms and muscle contraction last for 3-4 weeks, and complete recovery may take months. About 30% of tetanus victims die, most of whom are elderly patients.
Complications of the disease include spasms of the larynx (vocal cords), accessory muscles (chest muscles used to aid in breathing), and the diaphragm (the primary breathing muscle); fractures of long bones secondary to violent muscle spasms; and hyperactivity of the autonomic nervous system.
Treatment: The wound must be cleaned. Penicillin and metronidazole will help decrease the amount of bacteria but it has no effect on the toxoid produced by the bacteria. Human anti-tetanospasmin immunoglobulin should be given. Diazepam and DTP vaccine booster are also given.
Tetanus can be prevented by vaccination. A booster vaccine is recommended every ten years, and standard care in many places is to give the booster to any patient with a puncture wound who is uncertain of when he or she was last vaccinated. As of late 2001, there was a shortage of tetanus vaccine in the United States.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Tetanus."
Synonym: TetanusSynonym: lockjaw (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Disease | Ague, angina pectoris, appendicitis; Asiatic cholera, spasmodic cholera; biliary calculus, kidney stone, black death, bubonic plague, pneumonic plague; blennorrhagia, blennorrhoea; blood poisoning, bloodstroke, bloody flux, brash; breakbone fever, dengue fever, malarial fever, Q-fever; heart attack, cardiac arrest, cardiomyopathy; hardening of the arteries, arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis; bronchocele, canker rash, cardialgia, carditis, endocarditis; cholera, asphyxia; chlorosis, chorea, cynanche, dartre; enanthem, enanthema; erysipelas; exanthem, exanthema; gallstone, goiter, gonorrhea, green sickness; grip, grippe, influenza, flu; hay fever, heartburn, heaves, rupture, hernia, hemorrhoids, piles, herpes, itch, king's evil, lockjaw; measles, mumps, polio; necrosis, pertussis, phthisis, pneumonia, psora, pyaemia, pyrosis, quinsy, rachitis, ringworm, rubeola, St. Vitus's dance, scabies, scarlatina, scarlet fever, scrofula, seasickness, struma, syntexis, tetanus, tetter, tonsillitis, tonsilitis, tracheocele, trachoma, trismus, varicella, varicosis, variola, water qualm, whooping cough; yellow fever, yellow jack. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Tetanus |
| English words defined with "tetanus": apyretic tetanus ♦ Calabar bean ♦ DPT vaccine ♦ Electrogeny, Entasia ♦ intermittent tetanus ♦ Nerve stretching ♦ Pleurothotonus ♦ Tetanic, Tetanin, Tetanization, Tetanize, Tetanoid, tetanus antitoxin, tetanus immune globulin, tetanus immunoglobulin. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "tetanus": ANTITETANIC ♦ Clostridium tetani ♦ Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine, Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines, Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine, DPT immunisation, DPT immunization ♦ Tetani, tetanus mercurialis, Tetanus Toxin. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Tetanus" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Czech (tetanus), Danish (tetanus), Dutch (tetanus), German (tetanus), Manx (tetanus), Serbo-Croatian (lockjaw, tetanus), Swedish (tetanus). |
| Domain | Title |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Tetanus in a 46-year-old man, Manila. Muscular spasms, abdomen and limbs, from tetanus due to shell fragments wound on hand.Credit: CDC. |  | A frightened farmer carries his wife, stricken down with tetanus, to the People's Health Centre in Savar ... / WHO p.Credit: National Library of Medicine; photo by P. Harrison.. |
 | A woman "paramedic" tests the tetanus case for serum hypersensitivity before starting the emergency treatment ... / WHO p.Credit: National Library of Medicine; photo by P. Harrison.. | | A woman "paramedic" tests the tetanus case for serum hypersensitivity before starting the emergency treatment ... / WHO p.Credit: National Library of Medicine; photo by P. Harrison.. |
 | Morbid Appearances of the Spinal System in Tetanus / Holbrooke.Credit: National Library of Medicine. |  | Tetanus in the new-born child. / WHO p.Credit: National Library of Medicine; photo by Dr. F. Perabo.. |
| Tetanus in the new-born child. / WHO p.Credit: National Library of Medicine; photo by Dr. F. Perabo.. |  | When Tetanus Germs Invade A Wound, They Can Kill. : ...Blood And Only One Place We Can Get That From.Credit: National Library of Medicine. |
 | Tetanus.Credit: National Library of Medicine. | ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | You should also have a tetanus shot every 10 years. (references) | |
Current vaccines are relatively painless and are given in your arm, like a flu or tetanus vaccine. (references) | ||
Sometimes a person may be given a booster shot, or a specific immunization such as a tetanus shot, to see if she or he responds by producing antibodies. (references) | ||
Business | High-risk area approach for neonatal tetanus at National Institute of Health, Islamabad. (references) | |
The Department of Health (DOH) is the largest end-user of biotechnology products, primarily of vaccines used to vaccinate the population against diseases such as diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, measles, hepatitis B, and Japanese encephalitis. (references) | ||
Travel | Cape Verde | Hepatitis A, typhoid and tetanus immunizations are strongly recommended. (references) |
Ghana | Inoculation against typhoid, tetanus, diphtheria and typhus is also recommended. (references) | |
Eq. Guinea | Vaccinations against tetanus, typhoid, polio, meningitis, and hepatitis A and B are recommended. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
John F. Kennedy | 1961-1963 | To take advantage of modern vaccination achievements, I am proposing a mass immunization program, aimed at the virtual elimination of such ancient enemies of our children as polio, diphtheria, whooping cough, and tetanus. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Tetanus" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.21% of the time. "Tetanus" is used about 127 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.21% | 126 | 28,512 |
| Noun (common) | 0.79% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 127 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "tetanus": apyretic tetanus ♦ intermittent tetanus ♦ tetanus antitoxin ♦ tetanus immune globulin ♦ tetanus immunoglobulin ♦ tetanus mercurialis ♦ Tetanus Toxin. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "tetanus": tetanus-induced. | |
Ending with "tetanus": anti-tetanus. | |
Containing "tetanus": Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
tetanus | 773 |
tetanus shot | 267 |
tetanus symptom | 82 |
tetanus shot side effects | 44 |
tetanus shot reaction | 39 |
tetanus vaccine | 35 |
tetanus toxoid | 17 |
tetanus booster | 17 |
picture of tetanus | 15 |
disease tetanus | 11 |
tetanus vaccination | 11 |
tetanus immunization | 10 |
tetanus reaction | 7 |
effects side tetanus | 7 |
injection tetanus | 7 |
tetanus and treatment | 6 |
shot symptom tetanus | 5 |
boosters tetanus | 5 |
pregnancy tetanus | 5 |
cause tetanus | 5 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "tetanus"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | tetanos (lockjaw), sharrëz. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | كزاز داء مرضي, الكزاز مرض تشنج العضلات والعنق. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | тетанус (lockjaw). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 伤风. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | tetanus, strnutí šíje. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | tetanus. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | tetanus. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Farsi | کزاز, تشنج (Convulsion, Fit, Jerk, Paroxysm, Yank, Yankee). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | jäykkäkouristus (lockjaw, lock-jaw, tetany). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | tétanos. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | tetanus, Starrkrampf (catalepsy, lockjaw). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | τέτανοσ (lockjaw), τέτανος. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | פלצת, טט וס, צפ"ת (lockjaw). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | tetanusz (lockjaw, lock-jaw), merevgörcs (lock-jaw, tetany), görcsös idegösszehúzódás. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | kekejangan otot. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | tetano. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 傷風 (lockjaw), 強縮 . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | きょうしゅく (shame, sorry to trouble, very kind of you), はしょうふう (lockjaw). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 파상'. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | tetanus, glassey keeilley. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | etanustay tétano (lockjaw, tetany). (various references) столбняк (catalepsy, lockjaw). (various references) tetanus (lockjaw). (various references) tetanos (catalepsy, tetany), tétanos (lockjaw). (various references) stelkramp (lockjaw). (various references) โรคบา"ทะยัก (lockjaw), บา"ทะยัก, การห"ตัวของกล้ามเนื้อ. (various references) tetanos (lockjaw). (various references) судома (convulsion, cramp, squirm, writhe), тетанус, привець. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Greek | 700 BCE-300 CE | tetanos. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "tetanus": tetanuses. (additional references) | |
| |
"Tetanus" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Etajul, Sejanus, shetani, tenanus, tetani, tetanis, tetenus, tetnis, tetnus, tintandu, Titinius, Titonus, totanus. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "tetanus" (pronounced te"tunus) |
| 5 | -t u n u s | chitinous, gelatinous, gluttonous, monotonous, mountainous, mutinous. |
| 4 | -u n u s | androgynous, asynchronous, bituminous, Deaconess, exogenous, genuineness, homogenous, indigenous, larcenous, luminous, membranous, nitrogenous, nonpoisonous, ominous, outspokenness, poisonous, polygynous, ravenous, ruinous, villainous, voluminous. |
| 3 | -n u s | abruptness, absoluteness, acuteness, aggressiveness, agribusiness, airworthiness, alertness, aloofness, alumnus, Anas, anise, appropriateness, arbitrariness, assertiveness, astuteness, attentiveness, attractiveness, awareness, awfulness, awkwardness, backwardness, badness, bagginess, baldness, bearishness, bigness, bitterness, blackness, blandness, bleakness, blindness, bluntness, boldness, bonus, boorishness, brashness, brightness, bullishness, business, callousness, calmness, carelessness, casualness, cautiousness, cavernous, cheapness, cleanliness, cleanness, cleverness, closeness, cloudiness, clumsiness, cockiness, cohesiveness, coldness, Colonus, combativeness, compactness, competitiveness, completeness, consciousness, contagiousness, contentiousness, contrariness, Conus, coolness, correctness, coziness, craziness, creativeness, creditworthiness, creepiness, crispness, crookedness, cuteness, dampness, darkness, deadliness, deafness, decisiveness, defensiveness, destructiveness, directness, disingenuousness, distinctiveness, divisiveness, dizziness, dreariness, drowsiness, drunkenness, dryness, dullness, eagerness, earnestness, edginess, effectiveness, elusiveness, emptiness, evenness, eyewitness, faintness, fairness, farsightedness, fastness, fickleness, firmness, fitness, flatness, fondness, foolishness, forcefulness, forgiveness, forthrightness, foulness, fractiousness, frankness, freshness, friendliness, frothiness, fullness, funniness, furnace, gauntness, gayness, gentleness, genus, ghastliness, goodness, governess, graciousness, greatness, greenness, grimness, hairiness, handedness, happiness, hardness, harmfulness, harness, harshness, heinous, helplessness, highness, hoarseness, holiness, homelessness, homesickness, hopefulness, hopelessness, humanness, idleness, illness, inclusiveness, indebtedness, indecisiveness, ineffectiveness, ineptness, inertness, intravenous, intrusiveness, inventiveness, joblessness, Johannes, kindness, largeness, lateness, lawlessness, laziness, lenis, lightfastness, lightness, likeness, liveliness, loneliness, lousiness, madness, Manus, meanness, menace, Minas, mindedness, minus, narrowness, nastiness, nearsightedness, neatness, nervousness, newness, niceness, niggardliness, nonbusiness, nosiness, nothingness, numbness, oneness, onus, openness, orderliness, otherness, outrageousness, pandanus, peacefulness, penis, permissiveness, persuasiveness, pervasiveness, pettiness, playfulness, politeness, pompousness, possessiveness, powerlessness, preparedness, queasiness, quickness, quietness, raciness, randomness, rareness, rawness, readiness, reasonableness, rebelliousness, recklessness, redness, remoteness, resistiveness, resourcefulness, responsiveness, restiveness, restlessness, restrictiveness, richness, righteousness, rightness, riskiness, robustness, roominess, roughness, rowdiness, rudeness, ruthlessness, sacredness, sadness, Salinas, sameness, scantiness, secretiveness, selfishness, selflessness, sensitiveness, separateness, seriousness, shakiness, shallowness, sharpness, shortness, shortsightedness, shrewdness, shyness, sickness, silliness, sinus, skittishness, slackness, sleepiness, sloppiness, slovenliness, slowness, sluggishness, slyness, smallness, smoothness, smugness, softness, solitariness, soundness, spiritedness, squeamishness, starkness, steadfastness, steadiness, steepness, sternness, stiffness, stillness, stinginess, stoutness, strangeness, stubbornness, sturdiness, suddenness, suggestiveness, sweetness, swiftness, tardiness, tartness, tastiness, tenderness, thickness, thinness, thoroughness, thoughtfulness, tightness, timeliness, tiredness, togetherness, toughness, trustworthiness, truthfulness, ugliness, unconsciousness, uneasiness, unfairness, unhappiness, uniqueness, unpleasantness, unwieldiness, unwillingness, usefulness, vagueness, vastness, venous, viciousness, vindictiveness, vividness, wariness, wastefulness, waterishness, weakness, weariness, weightlessness, weirdness, wellness, wetness, whiteness, wholeness, wholesomeness, wickedness, wilderness, wildness, willingness, wimpiness, wistfulness, witness, wonderfulness, worldliness, worthiness, wryness. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: attunes, nutates, tautens, unstate. | |
| Words within the letters "a-e-n-s-t-t-u" | |
-1 letter: astute, attune, nutate, statue, taunts, tauten, unseat. | |
-2 letters: antes, aunts, etnas, nates, neats, netts, saute, stane, state, stunt, sutta, taste, tates, taunt, tauts, teats, tents, testa, tunas, tunes, unset, usnea. | |
-3 letters: anes, ante, ants, anus, ates, aunt, east, eats, etas, etna, neat, nest, nets, nett, nuts, sane, sate, seat, sent, seta, sett, stat, stet, stun, suet, tans, tate, tats, taus, taut, teas, teat, tens, tent, test, tets, tuna, tune, tuns, tuts, utas. | |
-4 letters: ane, ant, ate, att, eat, eau, ens, eta, nae, net, nus, nut, sae, sat, sau, sea, sen, set, sue, sun, tae, tan, tas, tat, tau, tea, ten, tet, tun, tut, uns, use, uta, uts. | |
-5 letters: ae, an, as, at, en, es, et, na, ne, nu, ta, un, us, ut. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-e-n-s-t-t-u" | |
+1 letter: gauntest, nutmeats, taunters, tautness, unstated, unstates, untasted. | |
+2 letters: abutments, auntliest, austenite, autunites, debutants, earthnuts, gauntlets, intubates, jauntiest, quaintest, resultant, subtenant, sultanate, tetanuses, transmute, truncates, tungstate, tunicates, uintaites. | |
+3 letters: adjustment, antiquates, astuteness, attenuates, austenites, austenitic, banquettes, debutantes, enthusiast, eventuates, executants, extenuates, flauntiest, humectants, infatuates, menstruate, naughtiest, neutralist, nuthatches, pantsuited, punctuates, quantities, quittances, reductants, restaurant, resultants, scattergun, staunchest, subtenants, sultanates, tantaluses, tautnesses, transmuted, transmutes, transudate, tribunates, truantries, tungstates, turbinates, turntables, uintahites, unattested, understate, unsaturate, unstablest, untestable, utterances. | |
+4 letters: abstentious, accentuates, adjustments, adulterants, adventurist, antepenults, antinatures, antiquities, antistudent, antitruster, antitussive, aquatinters, attenuators, attunements, blanquettes, counteracts, countryseat, degustation, denaturants, deputations, enthusiasts, equidistant, equitations, eructations, extenuators, exultations, gesticulant, inaptitudes, laundrettes, lieutenants, menstruated, menstruates, neutralists, outdistance, outfeasting, outpatients, parturients, quantitates, refutations, reputations, restaurants, resultantly, sansculotte, scatterguns, squattering, sternutator, strangulate, substantive, supernatant, tactfulness, tautonymies, tournaments, tranquilest, translucent, transudates, unaesthetic, uncastrated, understated, understates, uninitiates, unresistant, unrestraint, unsaturated, unsaturates, unsteadiest. | |
+5 letters: acquittances, adjustmental, adventitious, adventurists, agglutinates, antineutrons, antitrusters, antitussives, appurtenants, astutenesses, attenuations, attitudinise, autochthones, consultative, contractures, counterblast, counterparts, counterstain, counterstate, countryseats, curtailments, degustations, deuterations, educationist, edutainments, elutriations, encrustation, entablatures, enthusiastic, euthanatizes, extenuations, glutathiones, ingratitudes, ingurgitates, instrumental, launderettes, menstruating, menstruation, multivalents, natriuretics, neutralistic, neutralities, nuptialities, ostentatious, outdatedness, outdistanced, outdistances, permutations, portmanteaus, quaternities, readjustment, reluctations, sansculottes, simultaneity, southeastern, sternutation, sternutators, strangulated, strangulates, stupefaction, subdebutante, substantiate, substantives, supernatants, superstation, sustentation, sustentative, tastefulness, thankfullest, titaniferous, traducements, tranquillest, transmutable, transvaluate, triangulates, tumefactions, tunabilities, ultimateness, unchastities, understating, undertenants, undistracted, unfortunates, unhealthiest, unhesitating, unrestraints, unstratified, unsystematic, untranslated. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)54 65 74 61 6E 75 73 |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references)- . - .- -. ..- ... |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01010100 01100101 01110100 01100001 01101110 01110101 01110011 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)T e t a n u s |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0054 0065 0074 0061 006E 0075 0073 |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)54718667808785 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Slideshow 6. Images: Photo Album 7. Quotations: Non-fiction 8. Quotations: Speeches | 9. Usage Frequency 10. Expressions 11. Expressions: Internet 12. Translations: Modern | 13. Translations: Ancient 14. Derivations 15. Rhymes 16. Anagrams | 17. Orthography 18. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
