Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Technetium |
TechnetiumNoun1. A crystalline metallic element not found in nature; occurs as one of the fission products of uranium. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
| Domain | Definitions |
Chemistry | Chemical element:atomic number 43. Source: European Union. (references) |
Health | The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of uranium. The stablest isotope has a mass number 99 and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, atomic number 43, and atomic weight 98.91. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
| General | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Name, Symbol, Number | Technetium, Tc, 43 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chemical series | Transition metals | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Group, Period, Block | 7, 5 , d | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Density, Hardness | 11500 kg/m3, NA | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Appearance | Silvery gray metallic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Atomic Properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Atomic weight | [98] amu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Atomic radius (calc.) | 135 (183) pm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Covalent radius | 156 pm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| van der Waals radius | no data | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electron configuration | [Kr]4d4d6 5s1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| e- 's per energy level | 2, 8, 18, 14, 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oxidation state (Oxide) | 7 (strong acid) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Crystal structure | Hexagonal | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Physical Properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| State of matter | Solid (__) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Melting point | 2430 K (3915 °F) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boiling point | 4538 K (7709 °F) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Molar volume | 8.63 ×1010-3 m3/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Heat of vaporization | 660 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Heat of fusion | 24 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vapor pressure | 0.0229 Pa at 2473 K | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Speed of sound | no data | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Miscellaneous | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electronegativity | 1.9 (Pauling scale) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electron Affinity | -53 kJ/mol) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Ionization Energy | 720 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Specific heat capacity | 210 J/(kg*K) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electrical conductivity | 6.7 106/m ohm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thermal conductivity | 50.6 W/(m*K) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1st ionization potential | 702 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd ionization potential | 1470 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd ionization potential | 2850 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Most Stable Isotopes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| SI units & STP are used except where noted. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
This element is unusual because it has no stable isotopes and is therefore extremely rare on earth. Common oxidation states of technetium include +2, +4, +5, +6 and +7.
For a number of years there was a gap in the periodic table at element 43. Dmitri Mendeleev predicted that this missing element would be chemically similar to manganese and gave it the name ekamanganese. In 1925 element 43 was erroneously reported as discovered and was given the name masurium. The development of nuclear energy in the mid 20th century generated the first known samples of element 43 by nuclear reactions.
Since its discovery, there have been many searches in terrestrial materials for natural sources. In 1962, technetium-99 was isolated and identified in pitchblende from Africa in very small quantities as a spontaneous fission product of uranium-238. This discovery was made by B.T. Kenna and P.K. Kuroda.
Tc-99 is produced as a byproduct from the fission of uranium in nuclear reactors and it is prepared by chemically separating it from reactor waste.
Twenty-two other radioisotopes have been characterized with atomic weights ranging from 87.933 amu (Tc-88) to 112.931 amu (Tc-113). Most of these have half-lives that are less than an hour except Tc-93 (2.75 hours), Tc-94 (293 minutes), Tc-95 (20 hours), and Tc-96 (4.28 days). There are also numerous meta states with Tcm-97 being the most stable with a half-life of 90.1 days (0.097 MeV). This is followed by Tcm-95 (half life: 61 days, 0.038 MeV), and Tcm-99 (half-life: 6.01 hours, 0.143 MeV).
The primary decay mode before the most stable isotope, Tc-98, is electron capture and the primary mode after is beta emission with one instance of election capture during the first mode of the two mode decay of Tc-100. The primary decay product before Tc-98 is molybdenum and the primary product after is ruthenium (the product of the first decay mode of Tc-100 is Mo, however).
Notable Characteristics
Technetium is a silvery-gray metal that slowly tarnishes in moist air. Under oxidizing conditions technetium (VII) will exist as the pertechnetate ion, TcO4-. The chemistry of technetium is intermediate between rhenium and manganese. Technetium dissolves in aqua regia, nitric acid, and concentrated sulfuric acid, but it is not soluble in hydrochloric acid. This element is a very good corrosion inhibitor for steel and the metal is an excellent superconductor at temperatures below 11 K. Applications
Technetium is one of the most powerful known preventatives of rust, and is also a valuable source of beta rays. Ammonium pertechnate (NH4TcO4), is a specialized corrosion preventer for steel. Five parts per million of KTcOTcO4 in aerated distilled water protects mild carbon steel at temperatures up to 250 °C. This protection is limited to closed systems due to the radioactive nature of technetium. Other uses;
History
Technetium (Greek technetos meaning "artificial") was discovered by Carlo Perrier and Emilio Segré in Italy in 1937. The researchers found it in a sample of molybdenum sent to them by Ernest Lawrence. The sample was bombarded by deuterium nuclei in the University of California, Berkeley cyclotron which gave them the isotope Tc-97. Technetium was the first element to be artificially produced. Occurrence
Once it was available in macroscopic quantities i.e. enough to determine its chemical and physical properties, it was discovered to exist naturally elsewhere in the universe. Some red giant stars (S-, M-, and N-types) contain an emission line in their spectrum corresponding to the presence of technetium. Its presence in red giants has led to the establishment of new theories about the production of heavy elements in stars. Isotopes
Technetium is one of two elements in the first 83 that have no stable isotopes (the other element is promethium). The most stable radioisotopes are Tc-98 with a half-life of 4.2 million years, Tc-97 (half-life: 2.6 million years) and Tc-99 (half-life: 211,100 years). Precautions
Compounds containing this element are encountered extremely rarely by most people and is for practical purposes not found in nature. Tc-99 is a contamination hazard and should be handled in a glove box. All isotopes of technetium are highly radioactive and are thus very toxic. Technetium has no natural biological role.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Technetium."
Synonym: TechnetiumSynonym: atomic number 43 (n). (additional references) |
Crosswords: Technetium |
| Specialty definitions using "technetium": Diphosphonates ♦ Organotechnetium Compounds ♦ Technetium Compounds, Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin, technetium Tc 99m dextran, Technetium Tc 99m Diethyl-iminodiacetic Acid, Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid, Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime, Technetium Tc 99m Medronate, Technetium Tc 99m Mertiatide, Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate, Technetium Tc 99m Pyrophosphate, Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi, Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid, Tin Polyphosphates. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Technetium" is also a word in the following language with the English translation in parentheses. Dutch (technetium). |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | A more sensitive method of finding lesions is a bone scan, in which a small amount of radioactivity (an isotope of technetium) is injected into a vein, taken up by the abnormal tissues, and detected by a scanner. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Technetium" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Technetium" is used about 5 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 5 | 157,705 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "technetium": Technetium Compounds ♦ Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin ♦ technetium Tc 99m dextran ♦ Technetium Tc 99m Diethyl-iminodiacetic Acid ♦ Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid ♦ Technetium Tc 99m Disofenin ♦ Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime ♦ Technetium Tc 99m Lidofenin ♦ Technetium Tc 99m Medronate ♦ Technetium Tc 99m Mertiatide ♦ Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate ♦ Technetium Tc 99m Pyrophosphate ♦ Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi ♦ technetium Tc 99m sulfur colloid. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "technetium": technetium-99m, technetium-diethylene-triamino-pentaacetic, technetium-labelled. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
technetium | 23 |
99 technetium | 6 |
creative design studio technetium | 5 |
99m technetium | 4 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "technetium"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Danish | technetium. (various references) | |
Dutch | technetium. (various references) | |
Esperanto | teknecio. (various references) | |
Finnish | teknetium (99mTc)-furifosmiini (technetium (99m Tc) furifosmin). (various references) | |
French | Technétium. (various references) | |
German | Technetium. (various references) | |
Italian | teenezio, tecnezio. (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | テキスト終結 (end of text, rough texture, technetronic, technical, technical center, technical foul, technical knockout, technical point, technical term, technician, Technicolor, technics, technique, techno cut, techno lady, techno mart, techno sound, technocracy, technocrat, technoeconomics, technologies, technology, technology art, technology assessment, technology gap, technology transfer, technomist, technonationalism, technopeasant, technophobia, technopolis, techno-pop, techno-science, techno-stress, technostructure, teddy, teddy bear, Tektronics, tenant, tennis, tennis court, tennis elbow, tennis-wear, tenor, tenor sax, test, test campaign, test case, test driver, test marketing, test pattern, test pilot, test rider, testament, tester, testing, test-mail, testosterone, test-set, Tetoron, tetrachloroethylene, tetracycline, Tetrapack, Tetrapod, Tetris, tetrodotoxin, texture). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | テクネチウ . (various references) | |
Pig Latin | echnetiumtay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | tecnécio. (various references) | |
Russian | технеций. (various references) | |
Spanish | tecnecio. (various references) | |
Swedish | teknetium (99m Tc) teboroxim (technetium (99m Tc) teboroxime). (various references) | |
Thai | ธาตุโลหะกัมมันตรังสี (สัญลักษ"์ย่อคือ Tc). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "technetium": technetiums. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "c-e-e-h-i-m-n-t-t-u" | |
-2 letters: enthetic, umteenth. | |
-3 letters: centime, chutnee, hutment. | |
-4 letters: cement, centum, emetic, emetin, entice, ethnic, icemen, inhume, minuet, minute, mitten, mutine, neumic, techie, tectum, tentie, tenuti, theine, thence, thetic, titmen, unmeet. | |
-5 letters: centu, chime, chine, chute, cumin, cutie, cutin, ethic, hemic, hemin, hence, humic, miche, mince, mucin, munch, mutch, neume, niche, niece, teeth, tench, tenet, tenth, teuch, thein, theme, thine, tinct, tithe, tunic, tutee, unite, unmet, untie. | |
| Words containing the letters "c-e-e-h-i-m-n-t-t-u" | |
+1 letter: technetiums. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)54 65 63 68 6E 65 74 69 75 6D |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references)- . -.-. .... -. . - .. ..- -- |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01010100 01100101 01100011 01101000 01101110 01100101 01110100 01101001 01110101 01101101 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)T e c h n e t i u m |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0054 0065 0063 0068 006E 0065 0074 0069 0075 006D |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)54716974807186758779 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Quotations: Non-fiction 6. Usage Frequency 7. Expressions 8. Expressions: Internet | 9. Translations: Modern 10. Derivations 11. Anagrams 12. Orthography | 13. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
