Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Stimulus |
StimulusNoun1. Any stimulating information or event; acts to arouse action. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "stimulus" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1660. (references) |
Etymology: Stimulus \Stim"u*lus\, noun; plural Stimuli. [Latin expression, for stigmulus, akin to Latin instigare to stimulate. See Instigare, Stick, transitive verb]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Aerospace | 1. = excitation.2. = measurand. (references) |
Electrical Engineering | An external force, or other input, applied to a system. Source: European Union. (references) |
Food & Agriculture | Physical or chemical agent which specifically produces the response of the external or internal sensory receptors. Source: European Union. (references) |
Health | That which can elicit or evoke action (response) in a muscle, nerve, gland or other excitable issue, or cause an augmenting action upon any function or metabolic process. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural: stimuli) is something external that elicits or influences a physiological or psychological activity or response.
In psychology, anything effectively inpinging upon any of the sensory apparatuses of a living organism, including physical phenomena both internal and external to the body.
In general, a stimulus may affect other things than living creatures; for example, one speaks also of economic stimulus, or stimulating a discussion.
See also response, stimulus-response model.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Stimulus."
Synonyms: StimulusSynonyms: input (n), stimulant (n), stimulation (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Motive | Incentive, stimulus, spur, fillip, whip, goad, ankus, rowel, provocative, whet, dram. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Title | ||
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Periodicals |
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Music |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit |  | Electroencephalographic (i.e., brain wave) tracings of the waveform P300 obtained from nonalcoholic (i.e., control) and alcoholic subjects in response to a visual stimulus. Credit: NIAA. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Bishop Robert South | Defeat should never be a source of discouragement, but rather a fresh stimulus. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | Our flesh shrinks from what it dreads and responds to the stimulus of what it desires by a purely reflex action of the nervous system |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | Need is the stimulus to concept, concept to action |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | During the few minutes following the stimulus, profound and potentially dangerous systemic changes occur. (references) | |
Also, a brief pulse stimulus is associated with fewer cognitive defects than the traditional sine wave stimulus. (references) | ||
A final design issue is the means by which the stimulus information is passed through the skin from the speech processor to the electrodes. (references) | ||
Business | Television, which provides almost 50 percent of Telespazio’s revenues, will be the main stimulus to greater use of satellite over the next ten years. (references) | |
Consequently, the SDI's have a strong sectoral focus, which tends to be linked to major anchor projects, providing the stimulus to kick-start several related investments. (references) | ||
It is yet uncertain whether recent increase in private consumption will be sustainable as the public could simply be responding to the Government’s lowering of interest rates and fiscal stimulus package. (references) | ||
Economic History | Vietnam | That should provide significant stimulus, if implemented soundly. (references) |
Zimbabwe | The manufacturing sector, already well developed before UDI in 1965, was given a major stimulus by the imposition of UN sanctions. (references) | |
Vietnam | In many instances this would markedly reduce tariffs on Vietnamese goods and provide a stimulus to Vietnam's export sector and the economy generally. (references) | |
Political Economy | THAILAND | The stimulus program is part of the budget for fiscal year 2002, which began on October 1, 2001. (references) |
THAILAND | The Thaksin administration has made stimulating domestic demand a priority, and is in the initial stages of implementing a $1.3 billion fiscal stimulus program aimed at job creation. (references) | |
CHINA | Because the yield on government bonds exceeded that of Chinese currency bank deposits, authorities have faced no difficulties in financing either the government deficit of about $US 31 billion or its fiscal stimulus program through increased domestic issuance of government debt. (references) | |
Women | Uzbekistan | A conflict with the husband or mother-in-law, who by tradition exercises complete control over the young bride, usually is the stimulus for suicide. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Al Hunt | Well, let's stay on that. You talked about the stimulus package as an insurance policy, and I want to ask you one quick question before we go to a break. |
Andrew Card | But it was a good plan. It was a balanced stimulus package, and he'd like to see Congress move forward with that plan. |
Donald Evans | We'll say it will be later rather than sooner, Bob. I mean, what we're saying is, the sooner we get the stimulus into the economy, the sooner we will begin our recovery. |
House Ways & Means Chairman Bill Thomas | There could be selective ones, as we did with the stimulus package, to help business. Consumer demand seems to be holding pretty strong. |
Robert Novak | In the short time left for this year's session of Congress, the Senate faces partisan struggles over an economic stimulus bill and aid to farmers and the insurance industry. |
Rush Limbaugh | The Bush plan alone offers genuine stimulus to put money in your pocket every year for the next ten years. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | Public gratitude, therefore, stamps her seal upon it, and the meed should not be withheld which may here after operate as a stimulus to our gallant tars. |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | But Federal subsidies must be closely scrutinized to be sure they are a stimulus to, and not a replacement for, private investment and initiative. |
George W. Bush | 2001-2005 | For the sake of American workers, let's pass a stimulus package. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Stimulus" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.86% of the time. "Stimulus" is used about 1,448 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.86% | 1,446 | 5,584 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.07% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Noun (common) | 0.07% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 1,448 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "stimulus": aversive stimulus ♦ conditioned stimulus ♦ discriminative stimulus ♦ Heterologous stimulus ♦ Homologous stimulus ♦ negative reinforcing stimulus ♦ negative stimulus ♦ positive reinforcing stimulus ♦ positive stimulus ♦ reinforcing stimulus ♦ stimulus artifact. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "stimulus": stimulus-array, stimulus-induced, stimulus-information, stimulus-no, stimulus-recognition, stimulus-reinforcer, stimulus-response, stimulus-synonymous. | |
Ending with "stimulus": context-stimulus, within-stimulus. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "stimulus"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | stimul (impetus, incentive, oestrum, oestrus), shtysë (drive, dub, dynamics, impetus, impulse, push), nxitje (abetment, challenge, cheer, countenance, dare, dig, drive, egging, encouragement, exhortation, fomentation, impetus, impulsion, incentive, incitement, inducement, instancy, instigation, kick, oestrum, oestrus, pressure, prod, prompt, prompting, stimulation, urge), ndikim (clout, drag, effect, hold, impact, influence, interest, pull, reaction, sway), goditje (assault, bang, bash, batting, beat, biff, blow, buffet, bump, cant, chop, clean and jerk, clip, dash, dint, drive, fib, flap, hit, ictus, impingement, incitement, infliction, jab, joggle, jolt, knock, knocking, lick, percussion, poke, pound, push, shock, slat, sock, strike, stroke, thrust, thwack, tremor, welt). (various references) | |
Arabic | منبه (excitant, exciter, stimulant, stimulating), المنبه (alarm clock, repeater, stimulant, watch box), الملقن الحاث, المثير (exciter, promoter), الحافز (motif), باعث (impulse, incentive, inducement, motive, reason). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | стимул (brace, goad, impetus, impulse, inducement, oestrum, oestrus, propulsion, push, relish, savor, savour, spur, stimulant), възбудително средство (exciter, provocative, stimulant), влияние (action, coloring, colouring, credit, dominance, domination, drag, effect, empire, force, grip, gripe, hold, impact, influence, interest, leaven, prestige, pull, punch, purchase, reach, sway), подтик (drive, fillip, goad, hypo, impulse, incentive, inducement, prompting, propulsion, push, relish, sanction, spur, urge, whet), подбуда (impulse, incentive, inducement, inspiration, motion, motive, persuasive, prod, prompting, sanction, spring, spur). (various references) | |
Chinese | 刺激物 , 刺激 (fueled, fueling, Goaded, Goading, incentive, Jarred, jarring, motivate, motivating, motivation, stimulate, stimulated, stimulating, stimulation, Stimuli). (various references) | |
Czech | vzpruha (encouragement), popud (goad, impulse, incentive, incitement, initiative), podnìt (impulse, incentive, initiative, suggestion, swing), hnací síla. (various references) | |
Danish | stimulus, stimulation ved bevaegelse (muscular stimulant), excitering (excitation). (various references) | |
Dutch | prikkel (impetus, incitement, prickle, sting), aansporing (abetment, admonition, exhortation, impetus, incitement). (various references) | |
Esperanto | stimulo (impetus, incitement), instigo (impetus, incitement). (various references) | |
Farsi | محرک (Irritant, Motive, Propellant, Provocative, Stimulant), وسیله تحریک , تحریک (Boil, Incitement, Instigation, Persuasion, Provacation), تحرک (Bolubility, Locomotion, Mobility), انگیزه (Cause, Goad, Impetus, Incentive, Inducement, Motive, Mover, Propellant, Stimulant), انگیختار. (various references) | |
Finnish | heräte (impulse), ärsyke (irritant). (various references) | |
French | stimulus. (various references) | |
Frisian | oantrún (abetment, impetus, incitement), oanfitering (abetment, impetus, incitement). (various references) | |
German | Anregung (animation, encouragement, excitation, excitement, idea, incitation, incitement, motivation, stimulation, suggestion, viviparity), reiz (alluringness, appeal, attraction, attractiveness, bait, charm, charmingness, glamor, glamour, impulse, lure, relish, savor, savour), Auslöseimpuls (trigger), Anreiz (attraction, encouragement, impetus, incentive, incitement, inducement, inductance, stimulation). (various references) | |
Greek | κινητικό ερέθισμα (muscular stimulant), κίνητρο (incentive, motivation, motive), μυϊκό κινητικό ερέθισμα (muscular stimulant), παρακινητικό, ερέθισμα (incentive), ερεθισμός (irritation, stimulation), ελατήριο (incentive, inducement, motive, spring, spur), διέγερση (excitation, excitement, stimulation), διεγερτικό (kick). (various references) | |
Hebrew | מ יע (cause, impulse, motivation, motive, motor, spur), מ וף (crane, crowbar, elevator, heaver, hoist, impetus, lever, winch, windlass), ע"ו" (cheer, encouragement, exhoration, incentive), "חיפ" (encouragement, impulse, lunge, momentum, propulsion, push, shove, thrust), 'ורם ממריץ, 'רוי (excitation, excited, irritation, itch, provocation, provoked, stimulation). (various references) | |
Hungarian | inger (inducement, stimuli). (various references) | |
Indonesian | perangsang, penggelisah (alarmist, scaremonger), pendorongan (instigation), gelitik (incitement). (various references) | |
Italian | stimolo (fillip, goad, incitement, inducement, motivation, stimulant, urge). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 刺激 (encouragement, excitement, impetus, incentive, irritation, motivation). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | し'きぶつ (incentive), し'き (drama in verse, encouragement, excitement, historical drama, impetus, incentive, irritation, motivation), はずみ (bound, chance, impetus, impulse, inertia, instant, momentum, rebound, spring, spur of the moment), は'み (encouragement, incentive). (various references) | |
Korean | 자극 (irritating, irritation, Prompting, stimulating, stimulation, Stimuli). (various references) | |
Manx | brod (goad, jab, nudge, prick, spur). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | imulusstay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | excitação (commotion, excitation, excitement, fidget, fire, flurry, flush, fluster, flutter, freak-out, fuss, gale, passion, rampage, rave, raving, state, stew, thrill, transport, uproar, warmth), estímulo (actuation, animation, fillip, fomentation, fuel, kick, motivation, persuasive, pick-me-up, prod, spur, stimulant). (various references) | |
Romanian | stimulent (cordial, drive, fillip, impetus, impulse, incentive, pick me up, spur, stimulant, whet), stimul, motor (device, driver, driving, engine, motive, motor, mover), impuls (drive, fillip, gadfly, impetus, impulse, impulsion, momentum, motion, spur, swing, urge), îndemânã. (various references) | |
Russian | стимул (incentive, incitement, inducement, shot in the arm, spur, stimuli). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | stimulans, podstrek (fillip, lift, stimulant), podsticaj (abetment, fillip, goad, impetus, impulse, impulsion, incentive, prod, spur, whet). (various references) | |
Spanish | estímulo (boost, booster, encouragement, fillip, goad, impulse, incentive, inducement, jog, lift, spur, stimulation). (various references) | |
Swedish | retning (excitement, irritation). (various references) | |
Turkish | uyarıcı (admonitory, cautionary, exciting, premonitory, reviver, speed, stimulant, stimulating, stimulative, up, upper, warning), uyandırıcı, teşvik edici şey, canlandırıcı (animator, bracing, crispy, enlivening, exhilarating, hearty, invigorating, refreshing, regenerative, restorative, stiffener, tonic, uplifting), ısırgan otu tüyü (sting). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | стимулюючий вплив, стимул (goad, incentive, incitement, inducement, oestrus, spur, whet). (various references) | |
Welsh | symbyliad (encouragement). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | fomes. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | 1 Corinthians Chapter 15, Verse 55 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Pou sou qanate to kentron pou sou adh to nikoV |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Ubi est mors victoria tua ubi est mors stimulus tuus |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | Deth, where is thi victorie? Deth, where is thi pricke? |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | Deeth where is thy stynge? Hell where is thy victory? |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | O death, where is thy sting? O grave, where is thy victory? |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | O death, where is thy sting? O grave, where is thy victory? |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | O death, where is your power? O death, where are your pains? |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | 1 Corinthians Chapter 15, Verse 55 |
| Cebuano | "O kamatayon, hain na ang imong pagkamadaugon? O kamatayon, hain na ang imong ikot?" |
| Chinese | 死 阿 、 得 勝 的 權 勢 在 那 裡 ． 死 阿 、 的 ' 鉤 在 那 裡 ． |
| Croatian | Gdje je, smrti, pobjeda tvoja? Gdje je, smrti, žalac tvoj? |
| Danish | "Død, hvor er din Sejr? Død, hvor er din Brod?" |
| Dutch | Dood, waar is uw prikkel? Hel, waar is uw overwinning? |
| Finnish | "Kuolema, missä on sinun voittosi? Kuolema, missä on sinun otasi?" |
| German | "Der Tod ist verschlungen in den Sieg. Tod, wo ist dein Stachel? Hölle, wo ist dein Sieg?" |
| Hungarian | Halál! hol a te fullánkod? Pokol! hol a te diadalmad? |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | "Hai maut, di manakah kemenanganmu? Hai maut, di manakah bisamu?" |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Hai maut, di manakah kemenanganmu? Hai maut, di manakah sengatmu? |
| Italian | Dov'è, o morte, la tua vittoria? Dov'è, o morte, il tuo pungiglione? |
| Latvian | Nâve, kur ir tava uzvara? Nâve, kur ir tavs dzelonis? |
| Maori | E te mate kei hea tou wero? E te reinga kei hea tou wikitoria? |
| Norwegian | Død, hvor er din brodd? Død, hvor er din seier? |
| Rumanian | Unde kyi este biruinya, moarte? Unde kyi este boldul, moarte?`` |
| Russian | уНЕТФШ! З"Е ФЧПЕ ЦБМП? Б"! З"Е ФЧПС П'Е"Б? |
| Shuar | ¿Itiur Jákatjik yamaikia. Jákatniusha itiur nupettamkan mantamataj~i?" Tu aarmaiti. |
| Swahili | "Kifo, ushindi wako uko wapi? Uwezo wako wa kuumiza uko wapi?" |
| Swedish | Du död, var är din seger? Du död, var är din udd? |
| Uma | Alata'ala mpobahaka-ta mpai' ngkai hawe'ea to mpokeni kamatea, uma-pi mpai' ria kuasa-na kamatea hi kita'. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words ending with "stimulus": interstimulus, poststimulus, tristimulus. (additional references) | |
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"Stimulus" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: siculum, Siculus, Simulium, stimuls. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "stimulus" (pronounced sti"myulus) |
| 6 | -m y u l u s | tremulous. |
| 5 | -y u l u s | calculus, fabulous, meticulous, miraculous, nebulous, populace, populous, ridiculous, scrupulous, unscrupulous. |
| 4 | -u l u s | acropolis, anomalous, Carolus, frivolous, garrulous, incredulous, libelous, marvelous, megalopolis, merciless, metropolis, nautilus, necropolis, Oxalis, pendulous, perilous, querulous, scandalous, scurrilous, syphilis, tantalus. |
| 3 | -l u s | accomplice, ageless, aimless, airless, Amaryllis, atlas, bacillus, backless, balas, baseless, blameless, bloodless, bolus, boneless, bottomless, boundless, brainless, breathless, callous, callus, careless, cashless, ceaseless, childless, classless, cloudless, clueless, Colas, colorless, cordless, countless, cutlass, defenseless, digitalis, directionless, doubtless, driverless, ductless, earless, effortless, endless, expressionless, eyeless, faceless, fatherless, fearless, featherless, featureless, feckless, fellas, fenceless, flawless, flightless, frictionless, fruitless, Gallus, gladiolus, godless, graceless, groundless, guileless, guiltless, hairless, hapless, harmless, headless, heartless, helpless, homeless, hopeless, hornless, humorless, irregardless, issueless, jealous, jobless, keyless, lactobacillus, landless, lawless, leaderless, leafless, legless, lifeless, limbless, limitless, listless, loveless, luckless, malice, meaningless, meatless, mindless, motherless, motionless, nameless, necklace, needless, odorless, overzealous, painless, palace, paperless, peerless, penniless, pilotless, pitiless, pointless, polis, powerless, priceless, prothallus, purposeless, reckless, regardless, relentless, remorseless, restless, riskless, rootless, rudderless, ruthless, scoreless, seamless, selfless, senseless, sexless, shameless, shapeless, shiftless, skinless, sleepless, sleeveless, smokeless, solace, soulless, speechless, spineless, spotless, stainless, stateless, stylus, surplus, tasteless, thankless, thoughtless, ticketless, tieless, timeless, tireless, toothless, topless, treeless, trellis, useless, valueless, victimless, voiceless, warrantless, weightless, windlass, windowless, wireless, witless, wordless, worthless, zealous, zipless. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "i-l-m-s-s-t-u-u" | |
-2 letters: litmus, tumuli. | |
-3 letters: lists, lusts, lusus, milts, mists, musts, silts, situs, slims, slits, slums, sluts, smuts, stums, suits, sulus. | |
-4 letters: isms, list, lits, litu, lums, lust, mils, milt, miss, mist, muss, must, muts, silt, sims, sits, slim, slit, slum, smit, smut, stum, suit, sulu, sums, tils, tuis, ulus. | |
-5 letters: ism, its, lis, lit, lum. | |
| Words containing the letters "i-l-m-s-s-t-u-u" | |
+2 letters: mutualisms, mutualists. | |
+3 letters: mistrustful, tristimulus. | |
+4 letters: funambulists, gutturalisms, multicourses, poststimulus, semilustrous, simultaneous, submultiples. | |
+5 letters: interstimulus, mistrustfully, muscularities, rumbustiously, scrumptiously, structuralism. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Slideshow 6. Images: Photo Album 7. Quotations: Familiar 8. Quotations: Fiction | 9. Quotations: Non-fiction 10. Quotations: Spoken 11. Quotations: Speeches 12. Usage Frequency | 13. Expressions 14. Expressions: Internet 15. Translations: Modern 16. Translations: Ancient | 17. Bible Trace 18. Derivations 19. Rhymes 20. Anagrams | 21. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
