Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Subway |
SubwayNoun1. Electric underground railway. 2. An underground tunnel or passage enabling pedestrians to cross a road or railway. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "subway" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1885. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
19th Century Satire | In Boston, a place where one may enjoy continuous disturbance of the peace, disorderly conduct, assault and battery, riot and rebellion. These events are allowed by law, and the entry-fee is five cents. Source: Foolish Dictionary, 1904. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The London Underground is a public transport network, composed of electrified railways that run underground in tunnels in central London and above ground in the London suburbs. It is usually called either the Underground or the Tube by Londoners.
1The Circle Line became known as such in 1949. The Circle line was not built as a separate line, but was instead created by joining parts of the District and Metropolitan Lines.
Line Name Colour Year of Opening Type Notes Bakerloo Line Brown 1906 Deep level Central Line Red 1900 Deep level Circle Line Yellow 1884 Sub-surface 1 District Line Green 1868 Sub-surface 2 East London Line Orange 1869 Sub-surface 3a Hammersmith & City Line Pink 1864 Sub-surface 3b Jubilee Line Grey 1979 Deep level Metropolitan Line Purple 1863 Sub-surface Northern Line Black 1907 (part) Deep level 4 Piccadilly Line Dark blue 1906 Deep level Victoria Line Light blue 1969 Deep level Waterloo and City Line Teal 1898 Deep level 5
2Originally called the Metropolitan District Railway
3aOriginally a separate line operated by a consortium of companies including the Metropolitan. The line was owned by London Underground from 1948 but British Railways goods trains continued to run on it until 1966. It was for many years regarded as a branch of the Metropolitan Line, and was shown on the map as a purple and white striped line. The line gained its own identity in the late 1980s.
3bOriginally part of the Metropolitan Line, the line became known as the Hammersmith & City Line in 1990.
4The busiest line on the system, with two branches in central London.
5Came under control of London Transport in 1994.The Piccadilly Line now runs to Heathrow Airport and although it is slow (about 45 minutes) and sometimes crowded it is nonetheless the cheapest way to get straight to the city centre.
Interchange is possible with the Docklands Light Railway (DLR) at several stations, including Bank, Canary Wharf and Stratford, while access to the Croydon Tramlink system is possible at Wimbledon. Interchange with international Eurostar trains can be achieved at Waterloo.
The lack of lines in the south of the city is because of the geology of that area, the region almost being one large aquifer. This is made up for, however, by a large number of suburban rail services run by the South West Trains, South Central and Connex franchise holders (see British railway system).
History
Being one of the oldest and most complicated rapid transit systems in the world, the London Underground has a long history.
The first half of the 19th century saw rapid development in train services to London, but most mainline termini were constructed a long way away from the central business district to avoid damage to historic buildings. As a result, reliance on buses increased until London was gridlocked. The solution came in the form of yet another railway. In 1854 it was decided that the Metropolitan Railway Company would be allowed to build a short stretch of underground railway between Paddington and Farringdon. This would link the mainline termini of King's Cross, St. Pancras, Euston and Paddington to a point near the edge of the City of London. The relatively simple cut-and-cover method was used, because deep-level tunnel construction methods were not sufficiently advanced to construct anything more than covered trenches. This first part of the Metropolitan Railway was opened in 1863 using steam locomotives to haul trains, which meant that ventilation shafts had to be built at regular intervals.
Expansion was rapid. The Metropolitan quickly branched out into the suburbs, even creating whole villages from nothing in a region of countryside which came to be known as "Metroland". The railway bought up extra land adjacent to the railway and built houses in a spectacularly practical example of demand creation and by 1880 the 'Met' was carrying 40 million passengers a year.
Meanwhile, a second railway company began construction further south. The Metropolitan District Railway first opened a stretch from Westminster to South Kensington in 1868, taking advantage of the construction of the Thames embankment to expand towards the city, reaching Tower Hill and linking the termini of Victoria, Charing Cross, Blackfriars, Cannon Street and Fenchurch Street. Having conquered the city, the District Railway turned its attention to commuters even more so than the Metropolitan Railway had, reaching Wimbledon, Richmond and Ealing.
Although the Circle Line didn't get its own identity until 1949, the "District" and the "Metropolitan" had linked up with each other to provide an "Inner Circle" service starting in 1884.
Advances in deep-level tunnel design came thick and fast. Tunnelling shields allowed stable tunnels to be constructed deep underground, and the world's first underground tube railway was the Tower Subway beneath the River Thames south of Tower Hill in 1870. While this was soon discontinued as a rail service, better shields and electric locomotive traction appealed to engineers for more ambitious schemes.
The result was the City and South London Railway, which linked King William Street (close to today's Monument Station) and Stockwell. The ride was unpleasantly rough and the lack of windows seemed to have a detrimental psychological effect. However, people learned from these mistakes and over the next 25 years six independent deep-level lines were built.
The presence of six independent operators operating different Tube lines was inconvenient. In many places passengers had to walk some distance above ground to change between lines. Also, the costs associated with running such a system were heavy, and as a result many companies looked to financiers who could give them the money they needed to expand into the lucrative suburbs.
One such financier was Charles Yerkes, an American tycoon whose company took over all but one Tube company (the Waterloo & City remained separate until 1994). Between the wars, expansion took place at a rapid pace, driving the Northern and Bakerloo Lines out into the suburbs of northern London. Architect Charles Holden's memorable station designs have brightened the commuter's journey both on these lines and elsewhere with a style which still looks fresh today.
World War II
The outbreak of World War II, and especially, The Blitz, led to the use of many Tube stations as air-raid shelters. They were particularly suited to this purpose, but sadly a small number of horrific accidents occurred, notably at Bethnal Green. Other stations and sections of line were given other uses:
- A remote stretch of the Central Line was turned into an underground aeroplane factory.
- The closed Brompton Road station was used as an anti-aircraft control centre.
- The closed Down Street station was used by Winston Churchill until the Cabinet War Rooms were built, after which it was used by the Emergency Railway Committee.
Post War Developments
Following that war, travel congestion continued to rise. The construction of the carefully planned Victoria Line on a diagonal NE-SW alignment beneath central London attracted much of the extra traffic caused by expansion after the war. It was designed so that almost all of the stations along its length allowed interchange with other lines, and it was the first underground line to use automatic train operation (ATO). The Jubilee Line was named in honour of Queen Elizabeth II's silver jubilee in 1977, but did not open until two years later. During the 1990s it was extended through the Docklands to Stratford in East London.The stations on the "Jubilee Line Extension" are particularly spacious and stylish, each one designed by a leading architect. London Underground states that North Greenwich station, for example, "is large enough to contain 3,000 double-decker buses or an ocean liner the size of the Queen Mary within its walls". Canary Wharf station is larger in volume than 1 Canada Square, one of the huge towers that dominates the Docklands area. The platforms west of Canning Town incorporate automated platform-edge doors that help to minimise the wind resistance of the train and prevent suicides. These modern stations include lifts (US: elevators) to ease access to all parts of the station complex, particularly by travellers having luggage, or using wheelchairs or push chairs.
An increasing problem for the system is flooding. Since the 1960s, the ground water of London has been rising, after the closing of industries such as breweries and paper mills that had previously extracted large volumes of water. By mid 2001 London Underground was reportedly pumping 30,000 cubic metres of water out of its tunnels each day.
Tickets
For fares Transport for London (and local National Rail franchisees) use a zonal pricing scheme where zone 1 is the most central, with a boundary just outside the Circle Line. After number 6, the zones are named A, B, C and D; zone D is the most remote and consists of Amersham and Chesham out in the Chiltern Hills on the Metropolitan Line. These lettered zones cater for the rural extremities of the tube and do not encircle the capital. Confusingly, the bus operators treat zones 4, 5 and 6 as a combined zone 4.
In general, the more zones travelled through, the higher the fare. Journeys through zone 1 are more expensive than those only involving outer zones. The zone system works well because most of the stations where lines cross are in zone 1, meaning that most journeys over similar distances will cost the same.
There are assistance booths open for limited periods, and ticket machines usable at any time. The machines will accept coins and fresh English paper money, though no Northern Irish or Scottish notes, beware! They usually give change. LT and the Docklands Light Railway have recently introduced credit and debit card ticket machines across their networks. A small number of cash machines dispensing all zone bus passes have appeared.
London Transport also sell daily, weekend, weekly, monthly, and annual "LT cards", allowing unlimited rides in one or more zones on buses or on the London Underground; these are a good deal for commuters and anyone else who rides the trains or buses daily. Travelcards are similar, although they also permit travel on National Rail. Daily Travelcards are only sold from machines after 9:30 am, but a peak hour inclusive version is available at a much higher price. Many shops, usually newsagents, sell bus passes and Travelcards; these are identified by a "Pass Agent" sign, usually in a door panel or front window. A day pass is valid until 4:30 am the next morning. Passes can be bought from these agents during a day prior to travel.
Station Access
Not all Underground stations are accessible by people with mobility problems. Many have some of the 408 escalators and 112 lifts (elevators), but not all of them.The escalators in London Underground stations are both an asset and a liability. They are among the longest escalators in Europe and all are bespoke (custom-built). Because of their age and heavy usage, they tend to break down rather frequently, causing long delays at stations.
London Transport now produce a map which specifically indicates which stations are accessible. However, step height from platform to train is often as high as 20 cm on older lines, and there can be a large gap between the train and some curving platforms. Only the Docklands Light Rail network and the Jubilee Line Extension are suitable for the unassisted wheelchair-using traveller.
Safety
As far as passengers are concerned, the London Underground has a good safety record. Although suicides are unfortunately common, these are dealt with quickly and with dignity. Surprisingly few accidents are caused by overcrowding on the platforms; one explanation suggested (presumably by people who have never actually visited London or the Tube) for this is that Londoners are too polite to push!However, for its own workers the record is less good. In January 2002 London Underground was fined £225,000 for breaching safety standards for workers. In court the judge said the company was "sacrificing safety" to keep the trains running "at all costs". He continued that the company, "despite the lip service they paid to health and safety issues, fell lamentably short of the proper safety standards and, objectively, simply ignored their obligations in this respect". Workers had been ordered to work in the rain, in the dark, while the track current was still switched on. (Source: BBC News)
The worst recent incident was a fire at King's Cross station on November 18, 1987, caused by a smouldering cigarette stub falling onto a wooden-tread escalator panel. Thirty-one people died in the fire, which prompted the phasing out of wooden escalators and prompted the prohibition of smoking throughout the system.
Iconography
The London Underground Roundel at Westminster (Large)London Transport's logo (shown above) and tube map are instantly recognizable by any Londoner, almost any Briton, and many people around the world.
The logo, as well as London Transport's distinctive sans-serif typeface, were designed by Edward Johnston, the former in 1913, the latter in 1916. Much of the reason for the widespread recognition of the London Transport logo is its ubiquitous usage on London Transport documents and signage. It is used for all tube station signs (where the station name appears on the horizontal bar), for example, as well as on in-carriage maps.
Tube Map
The tube map was designed by Harry Beck in 1931. See tube map for an in-depth analysis of its history and its topological nature.London Transport is known for taking legal action against unauthorized use of its trademarks, in spite of which unauthorized copies of the logo continue to crop up worldwide.
The Future
Privatisation
The London Underground is in a state of flux at the moment. Currently midway through partial privatisation, the system's maintenance is being taken over by two Infracos (Infrastructure Companies). These are Metronet and Tube Lines. It has been decided that Metronet will maintain the Bakerloo, Central, Victoria, the Waterloo & City, Circle, District, East London, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan Lines. Tube Lines will handle the remainder: the Jubilee, Northern and Piccadilly Lines.The aim of this "Public-Private Partnership" (PPP) is to accelerate investment in the sadly neglected aspects of the London Underground, commissioning new trains and installing safety features such as ATP, automatic train protection. The Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, is sceptical about the practicality of the PPP plan. However, he has dropped the legal challenge against PPP, and refurbishment works are expected to be carried out from end 2002 onwards.
Expansion
Further, plans are underway to extend the East London Line to both the North and the South; to the North, Shoreditch station will be abandoned, and, in a move that will bring the Underground to Hackney for the first time, the line will run on the old Broad Street viaduct to Hoxton, then to Highbury & Islington station to connect with the Victoria Line. Another branch may run on the same tracks as the North London Line to Willesden Junction. To the South, two branches are planned, running to Croydon and Wimbledon. These will transform the line from a small stub in the network to a major transport artery.
Cooling
In the summer weather, temperatures on the Tube can become very uncomfortable for passengers. Normal air conditioning has been ruled out becase of the lack of height to intall units on trains, and the problems of dipersing the heat generated. Heat pumps were proposed several years ago to overcome this, and following a successful demonstration in 2001 funds were given to the School of Engineering at London's South Bank University to develop a prototype; work began in April 2002. A cash reward of 100,000 pounds was offered by the Mayor of London in 2003 for a solution to the problem.
Underground stations
...and significant tube station content in:
- List of London Underground stations
- List of closed London Underground stations
- Bounds Green tube station
- Turnpike Lane tube station
- East Finchley tube station
- Finsbury Park tube station
- Tottenham Court Road tube station
- Dollis Hill tube station
- Notting Hill Gate tube station
- Charing Cross tube station
- London Bridge tube station
- Cannon Street tube station
- Embankment tube station
- Oval tube station
- Bethnal Green tube station
- Kings Cross fire
- Mornington Crescent
- Kings Cross station
- Marylebone railway station
- Liverpool Street station
- Paddington station
- Waterloo station
The Tube in fiction
(Please add to this list.)
- Arthur Conan Doyle: The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans (e-text)
- Barbara Vine (aka Ruth Rendell): King Solomon's Carpet
- Geoff Ryman: 253
- Various episodes of the television series Doctor Who
- Neil Gaiman: Neverwhere
- James Herbert: The Rats
See also
- Crossrail
- Croydon Tramlink
- Docklands Light Railway
- London Post Office Railway and other features of Subterranean London
- Mind the gap
- National Rail
- Northern City Line
- Railtrack
- Transport for London
- Underground in other cities
- UK topics
External Links
- The official site of the Tube
- TubeGuru
- London Journey Planner
- Clive Feather's highly detailed Clive's Underground Line Guides
- nycsubway.org's Photographs of London Underground
- Richard's LU rolling stock page
- Disused Stations on London's Underground
- A very complete timeline
- The uk.railway newsgroup
- The London Tube Map Archive has a collection of Tube maps, showing the growth of the system and the changes in the style of the Underground map
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "London Underground."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
This page refers to urban rail mass transit systems. For other uses see metro (disambiguation).
Underground, subway and metro are common names for a form of mass transit public transport system employing small trains, these are also called in Britain tube trains. In many cases, at least a portion of the rails are placed in tunnels dug beneath the surface of a city. [1]
One definition of a "true" metro system is as follows:
This definition does not mention whether the train runs underground or above-ground. Since many such systems have above-ground portions, "metro" can be used as a generalized term that includes systems and system portions that are elevated or at grade (avoiding the necessarily subterranean connotations of "underground" or "subway".) In some cities, "subway" is used only for that portion of a particular system that actually is underground.
- an urban, electric mass transit system
- totally independent from other traffic
- with high service frequency.
For a more comprehensive listing of other names of this kind of system in cities around the world, see the list of metro systems.
The metro trains usually stop at short intervals to let passengers on or off. The volume of passengers a metro train can carry is often quite high, and a metro system is often viewed as the backbone of a large city's public transportation system.
Traditionally, metro trains are driven by human drivers, but automated trains also exist, in, for example, London (the Victoria Line), Singapore, and Paris. This is not a recent invention; operation of trains on the Victoria Line has been automatic since its opening in 1968. However, in common with most systems, an operator is still carried in a cab at the front of the train. The VAL (véhicule automatique léger) of Lille, inaugurated in 1983, provided the first driverless underground system. Other driverless lines now include the line 14 (Meteor) of the Paris Metro, opened in 1998. The Docklands Light Railway (1987) in London, whilst for the most part not underground, is also driverless. See also People mover.
The construction of an underground is an expensive project, often carried out over a number of years. Several modes of tunneling exist. One common method is to place the tracks directly beneath the city streets, upholding the roads by structural columns of steel, concrete, or, in the oldest systems, cast iron (most of the below-ground part of the New York Subway system is constructed in this manner, known as cut-and-cover). Another usual way is to dig the tunnels (often with tunnelling shield) beneath previously occupied subterranean space, through native bedrock, and seal the tunnels from leakage of ground water with concrete.
Underground systems use a variety of technologies. Most systems run on steel wheels and rails, although many modern systems use rubber tires and concrete rollways. (The Montreal metro was the first completely rubber-tired underground system.) Power may be supplied either by means of a third rail (New York) or by overhead lines (Madrid). Systems may be underground, at grade, elevated, or a mix as in the Paris metro. Some systems use light rail; other cities' systems are hybrids wherein a tramway moves underground in the city centre.
Underground systems need constant investment from the public authority, to avoid disasters like King's Cross fire in London's underground.
An exception to the rule that underground trains are for public transportation is the Post Office Railway, a driverless, underground railway in London that was used exclusively to transport mail between sorting offices, though it is now "mothballed".
History
The oldest subway tunnel in the world is the Atlantic Avenue Tunnel in Brooklyn, New York, built in 1844.The London Underground was the first more extensive system.
Boston has the oldest subway system in the United States, the green line.
Alfred Beach's first New York Subway system used a pneumatic tube principle. It was only 300 feet long.
A person with a devoted interest in these systems is a metrophile.
See also Metro station, U-Bahn.
External link
- metroPlanet
- Bucharest Metro, Romania
- "Mind the Gap"
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Metro."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The MTR or Mass Transit Railway (HKSE:0066) is the subway train system of Hong Kong. It is operated by MTR Corporations Ltd., a company listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and included in the Hang Seng Index.
Routes
Route map of MTR system in 2003 (Larger Version) The network has 6 lines and 38 stations:
- Kwun Tong Line: between Yau Ma Tei and Tiu Keng Leng
- Tsuen Wan Line: between Tsuen Wan and Central
- Island Line: between Sheung Wan and Chai Wan - on Hong Kong Island
- Tseung Kwan O Line: between Po Lam and North Point
- Tung Chung Line: between Tung Chung and Hong Kong station (Central)
- Airport Express: between the Airport and Hong Kong station (Central)
Travel Fare
The fares are divided into several categories of travellers: Adult, elderly, student and child. Except for adults, all can use a discount price for travel, but all with some restrictions. To qualify for the student rate, you need to be a full-time Hong Kong student with MTR student travel card (地鐵學生乘車證), for the child rate, you have to be under 11 year's old, and to get the elderly rate you must be above 65 years old.
The adult travel fares are based on distance. For the discount price, it mainly ranges from $3 to $6, but if includes Tung Chung Line the fare can cost $13 dollars. For adult, it ranges from $4 to $13 dollars. If Tung Chung Line is includied, the fare will be $26 dollars.
Other than Tung Chung Line, if you also include the airport express, the adult fare costs $100 each time, while children and the elderly cost $50 per journey.
''Passengers can also buy single journey
tickets from these machines. ''There are two payment methods: Octopus card (八達通) or Single Journey fare (單程車票). Extra discounts are given for using an Octopus card.
History of MTR corporation and its business scope
The Mass Transit Railway Corporation was established in 1975 as a government wholly owned statutory corporation and on June 30, 2000 was succeeded by MTR Corporation Limited. The principal business is to operate the mass transit railway system. With its reliable operation, business management and planning, it has become a safe, comfortable, fast and effective means of transportation that is widely used by Hong Kong people. Following a successful initial public offering, the shares of MTR were listed on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong on October 5, 2000.
Besides railway operations, the Corporation is also actively involved in the development of key residential and commercial projects above existing stations and along new line extensions as well as many other commercial activities associated with the railway. This includes rental of retail and poster advertising space, ATM banking facilities and personal telecommunication services. It also provides consultancy services to organizations worldwide.
History of the MTR system
During the 1960's, the Hong Kong government felt a need to accommodate the increasing traffic predicted for the coming decades and appointed British transport consultants Freeman, Fox, Wilbur Smith & Associates to study the transport system of Hong Kong. The consultants finished the "Hong Kong Mass Transport Study" in September 1967 with a proposal of the construction of an underground mass transit system.
In 1970, a network of underground system was laid with four lines -- the Kwun Tong Line, Tsuen Wan Line, Island Line and East Kowloon Line. The lines with the same name as the in the present network in the then proposed system was slightly different from the present system.
In 1972, the Hong Kong government authorized the construction of Kwun Tong Line, which was the initial system.
In 1973 the government slightly reduced the system and renamed it as the Modified Initial System. The HK government also set up the Mass Transit Railway Corporation to replace the Mass Transport Provisional Authority to supervise the whole construction. The East Kowloon Line was decided not to be built then.
In October 1, 1979, the MTR was partially opened, with trains running from Shek Kip Mei to Kwun Tong.
MTR Octopus Access Control System
An Octopus add value machine in an
MTR station, people can recharge their
Octopus cards through these machines.Since 1997, the Corporation has launched the Octopus Access Control System and the firm became the pioneer in using this payment system. The octopus card is a rechargeable contact-less smart card. Money is "stored" in the card. The amount can be automatically calculated and deducted. You can check the remaining value by simply using the fare deducting processor in the station. The system has proven so popular, it has been extended to different services such as transportation, supermarkets and fast food restaurants. It has the potential to be further developed in other fields of services. The older, traditional ticketing system is still running at present.
Shopping Malls
In order to develop the surrounding environment of the railway station, there is a huge sum of investment in large shopping centres. For instance, Maritime Square, which is one of the nautical-themed mall, which includes everything that is essential to our daily lives, supermarkets, boutiques,bookstores, cinema, restaurants etc. Nevertheless, it is easily accessible with its link with most of the transportation means: MTR, buses, taxi…..etc. You can have an enjoyable, convenient shopping experience in Maritime Square. And this is the goal of the MTR Corporation- to provide a good quality working and living surroundings around the railway lines. Other than Maritime Square (青衣城), Paradise Mall (杏花新城), Telfold Plaza (德福廣場), Luk Yeung Galleria (綠楊坊) etc. all are the shopping centres of MTR Corporation.
Properties Management
Property is the main business of the Corporation. They try to develop suitable sites related to their new railway projects and their existing railway. For instance, the reclaimed land situated on the west Kowloon, will become an area with residential, office and retail development. Two banks in Hong Kong, HSBC and Bank of China, have office towers there. Furthermore, there are residential flats nearby, provided with more than 7000 flats. Recreational facilities, market, schools and transport interchanges are also available. This idea fulfills the aspiration of people nowadays. Such innovative concept achieves their goal to respond to customer's changing desire and with technological advances.
See also: International Finance Centre
MTR Property Agency and Consultant services
MTR Corporation extends their share in the properties field by establishing the one-stop property agency and consultant services. Well experienced, qualified and professional consultants are readily available to provide information about the new and second-hand market sales and rental issues for the buyers and sellers.
The firm also has their own team of professionals who are experts in the technology of construction, marketing, financing and any other fields. Hence they can maintain the quality of services by themselves.
Metropolis Daily (都市日報)Newspaper
Metropolis Daily Hong Kong was launched on 15 April 2002 and was distributed for free in racks of 48 MTR stations. See Metropolis Daily for more extensive info.
Trains of urban routes
Trains of the urban routes of the MTR system can be divided into 2 catergories, the M-Stocks from Alstom Transport (formerly known as the Metro Cammell and the modern K-stocks from Korea Rolling Stock Company
Each train is composed of 8 cars, rail gauge is 1432mm, powered by 1500volt of direct ciruit electricity.
All cars running urban lines have 5 doors on each side.
M-Stock
An M-Stock Train
The cars of the urban routes can be subdivided into four typess as follows:
The configuration of a service M-Stock train is A-C-D-B-C-D-C-A
- A cars: cars with driver cab and motor, 22850mm in length. There are 191 M-Stock A cars in the MTR system in 2003.
- B cars: cars with motor, 22000mm in length. There are 96 M-Stock B cars in MTR in 2003.
- C cars: cars with motor and pantograph, 22000mm in length. There are 287 M-Stock C-cars in MTR in 2003.
- D cars: trailers only, 23160mm in length. In 2003 MTR owns 188 M-Stock D cars.
Each car is 3000mm width over body panel, floor to rail is 1100mm high and roof to rail is 3700mm high.
A service train has an acceleration of 1.0m/s/s, service brake is regenerative blend with air-brake at the rate of 1.0m/s/s and emergency brake is air-brake at 1.4m/s/s. Maximum speed is 80km/h.
Primary suspension is Chevron Springs, secondary suspension is air bags.
Traction system of M-Stocks is gate turn off chopper control
Each car has 45 seats and capable of holding 268 standing passengers, with an additional space for wheelchair. Control systems are ATC (automatic train control and ATP automatic train protection.
K-Stock
Wheelchair space for the disabled.
K-Stock trains have 3 types of cars:
A cars: cars with driver cab and motor. In 2003 there are 26 K-Stock A cars in MTR system. B cars: cars with motor. In 2003 there are 39 K-Stock B cars in MTR system. C cars: cars with motor and pantograph. There are 39 K-Stock C cars in the MTR system in 2003.
Since it is much heavier than M-Stocks, it does not have any cars similar to D cars in M-Stocks. K-Stock cars currently only service the Kwun Tong Line, the configuration of a K-Stock train is A-C-B-C-B-B-C-A.
All K-Stock cars are 22000mm in length, 3118mm in width, 3698mm in height.
Maximum speed of K-Stock is 80km/h, maximum acceleration is 1.3m/s/s, maximum service deceleration rate is 0.8~1.35m/s/s, emergency deceleration is 1.4m/s/s
K-Stock train also installed ATC and ATP.
K-Stocks come into service for MTR since August, 2002. This modern train is equipped with the modern 4th generation IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) VVVF converter from Hitachi.
Trains of Tung Chung Line and Airport Express Line
Trains of both Tung Chung Line (TCL) and Airport Express Line (AEL) are all manufactured jointly in Spain by ADTranz and CAF. Track gauge for these two lines are both 1432mm and power supply are both 1500 volt direct cicuit
Trains of TCL
Trains of TCL are made up of 7 cars up until 2003, but TCL trains are capable of running with 10 cars in total. Cars of TCL trains can be divided into 5 types:
V cars: cars with driver's cab, motor, pantograph. They are 24600mm in length, with 42 seats, 2 wheelchair spaces andcan hold up to 252 standing passengers. In 2003 MTR corporation owns 24 V-cars. W cars: cars with motor. They are 22500mm in length, with 48 seats and can hold up to 252 standing passengers. In 2003 there are 24 W cars in MTR system. X cars: X cars are trailers with auto-coupler, they are 22500mm in length, with 48 seats and can hold 252 standing passengers. In 2003 there are 24 cars in MTR system. Y cars: cars with motor and pantograph. Y cars are 22500mm in length. They have 48 seats and can hold 252 standing passengers. In 2003 there are 12 cars in MTR system. Z cars: cars with motor with auto-coupler. They are 22500mm in length, with 48 seats and capable of carrying 252 standing passengers. There are 12 Z cars in the MTR system in 2003.
The configuration of a TCL train is V-W-X-Y-X-Z-V.
Maximum train speed of a TCL train is 135km/h, maximum acceleration is 1m/s/s, maximum service brake rate is 1.1m/s/s, emergency brake has deceleration of 1.35m/s/s.
TCL trains are equipped with ATC and ATP.
Traction system of TCL trains is gate turn off thyristor (GTO thyristor)
Each car in TCL has 5 doors on each side.
Trains of the Airport Express Line
Trains of Airport Express Line (AEL) are made up of 7 cars up until 2003 although they can be running with 10 cars per train. Cars of AEL trains can be divided into 6 types:
Configuration of an AEL train is E-F-G-H-G-J-K
- E cars: cars with driver cab, motor and pantograph, they have length of 24600mm , with 60 seats, 1 wheelchair space and can hold 84 standing passengers. In 2003 MTR Corp. has 11 E cars.
- F cars: cars with motor, they are 22500mm in length, they have 64 seats, 1 wheelchair space and can hold 84 standing passengers. There are 22 F cars in the MTR system in 2003.
- G cars: G cars are trailers with auto-coupler, they are 22500mm in length and have the same passenger carrying capability as F cars. There are 22 G cars in the MTR system in 2003.
- H cars: cars with motor, auto-coupler and pantograph. They are 22500mm in length and have the same passenger carrying capability as F cars. There are 11 H cars in the MTR system in 2003.
- J cars: cars with motor and auto-coupler. They are 22500mm in length and with the same passenger carrying capability as F cars. In 2003 there are 11 J cars in MTR system.
- K cars: cars with driver cab, motor and pantograph. Each K car is 24600mm in length, K cars do not hold passengers but can hold 13 luggage containers. In 2003 MTR Corp. owns 11 K cars.
Except for K cars that have 5 doors on each side, all other cars in AEL have 2 door each side.
Maximum speed of AEL trains is 135km/h, maximum acceleration is 1m/s/s, maximum service deceleration is 1.1m/s/s, emergency brake can deliver deceleration of 1.35m/s/s.
All AEL trains have ATC and ATP installed. Traction of AEL trains are GTO Thyrsitor.
Use of MTR stations for fortune telling
The famous Little Astrology prince has set up a MTR astrology game. This is when you can use your birth date, and the Little Astrology prince will relate it to a MTR station and predict your character and love life.
Other items not mentioned
Entry gates
Entry gate for wheelchaired passengers
Information display panel in urban routes MTR trains offer real-time news and other information.
These special tiles make up paths that guide the blind to platforms or lobby.
Queue lines printed on tiles on platforms to let passengers line up for the trains, the green arrow area is left for people on the train to alight onto the platform.
Platform screendoors installed in most MTR stations to prevent people from falling into the rails. The screendoors separate the stations from the tunnels allowing substantial energy savings on station air-conditioning and tunnel ventilation.
Electronic route map inside the train to inform passengers which station the train is at.
A map of the surroundings is provided at each MTR Station.
Each exit of the station is given a name and landmarks closeby.
A typical MTR station exit.
Customer service centre to provide assistance to passengers.
''A station manager is available at every MTR station to offer help. ''
See also:
- Transportation in Hong Kong
- List of Chinese companies
- List of buildings, sites and areas in Hong Kong
External links
For Journey time and Fare enquire:
- http://www.mtr.com.hk
- map: http://www.mtr.com.hk/jplanner/images/maps/mtr_map2.jpg
- http://www.maritimesquare.com/cybermall/maritime/about_us
- http://web3.mtrchome.com/cybermall/paradise/languagelanguage=tc&target_screen=
- http://www.lukyeunggalleria.com/cybermall/lukyeung/main
- http://www.telford-plaza.com/cybermall/telford/main
- http://www.octopuscards.com/chi/index.jsp
- http://www.metrohk.com.hk/
- http://www.astprince.com/home/games/mtr/mtr01.html
- http://www.metropla.net/as/hong/hong-kong.htm
- http://mtr.com.hk/jplanner/planner_index.php
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "MTR."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The New York City Subway is a large underground train Metro system in New York City. It includes over 722 miles of track and 469 stations, making it the most extensive public transportation system in the United States and one of the largest and longest in the world. It is operated by MTA New York City Transit.
History
The subway was originally built as three separate subway systems.
The Interborough Rapid Transit or IRT was the first of these subway systems to open, following more than twenty years of public debate on the merits of subways versus the existing elevated rail system and on various proposed routes. It opened on October 27, 1904. The first IRT line to open ran between City Hall and Broadway and 145th Street.
The Brooklyn-Manhattan Transit or BMT operated both elevated trains (els) and subways, mostly within Brooklyn or connecting Brooklyn to Manhattan and Queens. It was originally called the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company but was renamed in 1923.
The Independent Subway System or IND first opened in 1932, as a municipally-owned alternate to the two earlier private systems. The first IND line to open was the 8th Avenue line.
The three lines were unified and then operated by the New York City Transit Authority (now MTA New York City Transit) in 1940. However, the distinction between the three systems survives in the line numbering: IRT lines have numbers, BMT/IND letters. There's also a more physical but less obvious difference. IRT cars and tunnels are narrower than BMT and IND ones. Neither BMT nor IND cars can fit into IRT tunnels due to dangerously narrow clearances. IRT cars can travel on BMT/IND lines when necessary, but are not used for passenger service on those lines due to the dangerously wide gap between the car and the station platform.
The subway system
The New York City Subway is designed for carrying large numbers of people during working days. A typical subway station has waiting platforms ranging from 400 to 700 feet long to accommodate large numbers of people. Passengers enter a subway station through stairs towards station booths and vending machines to buy their fare, currently the MetroCard. After swiping at a turnstile, customers walk down to the waiting platforms below. Some subway lines in the outer boroughs have elevated tracks with stations that passengers climb up to.
In some stations two separate platforms for the same subway line exist, since some subway lines have both local and express lines on the same tracks. Express lines have subway trains that pick up and unload passengers at specific stations, particularly transfer stations (special stations where passngers can walk from one line to another for free), while skipping less frequently used local stations.
A typical subway train has from 8 to 12 cars (shuttles as short as 2), when put together the train can range from 400 to 650 feet long. As a general rule the IRT trains are shorter and narrower than the IND/BMT trains, the result being that each line uses different types of subway cars. Between 1985 and 1989 some trains on the IRT lines were painted red, giving them the name redbirds. Most of them were replaced by new, more modern subway trains between 2000 and 2004.
The bulk of subway stations are in Manhattan and Brooklyn. Nearly all subway lines cross the two boroughs, and they also possess the majority of transfer stations. Some lines branch out into the Bronx and Queens, with one line (G)directly connecting Brooklyn and Queens without going into Manhattan.
In 1994 the subway system introduced a special fare-paying system called the MetroCard, which allows commuters to use cards that store money paid to a token booth clerk or to a vending machine. The MetroCard was further enhanced in 1997 to allow passengers to make free transfers from subway to bus and vice versa within two hours. The world-famous token was phased out by 2003, the same year when the MTA raised its basic fare to $2, over angry protests from passenger and advocacy groups such as the Straphangers Campaign.
In 2002 an average of 3.3 million people used the subways every weekday.
Train lines
There are 27 train routes in the NYCT system, including several shuttles. Each line has a color. Trains are marked by a circle (local) or a diamond (rush-hour only).
IRT
IND/BMT
- 1-Broadway/7 Avenue Local
- 2-7 Avenue Express
- 3-7 Avenue Express
- 4-Lexington Avenue Express
- 5-Lexington Avenue Express
- 6-Lexington Avenue Local
- 7-Flushing Local
- 9-Broadway/7 Avenue Local
- S-42 Street Shuttle
- A-8 Avenue Express
- B-6 Avenue-Express
- C-8 Avenue Local
- D-6 Avenue Express
- E-8 Avenue Express
- F-6 Avenue Local
- G-Crosstown Local
- J-Nassau Street Local
- L-14 Street Local
- M-Nassau Street Local
- N-Broadway Local
- Q-Broadway Express
- R-Broadway Local
- S-Rockaway Shuttle
- S-Franklin Shuttle
- V-6 Avenue Local
- W-Broadway Express
- Z-Nassau Street Express
External Links
- http://www.mta.info/nyct/subway/ New York City Transit Subways
- http://www.nycsubway.org A very thorough and informative subway website
- http://www.straphangers.org Straphangers Campaign for a better subway
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "New York Subway."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
1. In American and Canadian English, a subway is a mass transit system with trains that operate underground; also known as a metro system (see also List of metro systems); also known as the underground in British English, e.g. London Underground.2. A subway in both the UK and North America is a pedestrian tunnel that goes under a road.
3. Subway is the trade name of a multinational franchising company selling sandwiches and salads.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Subway."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Subway is the name of a multinational franchising company selling sandwiches and salads. It was founded in 1965, and has grown ever since. The corporate name of Subway is Doctor's Associates, based in Milford, Connecticut. In the late 1990s, Subway overtook the McDonald's Corporation as the fast food chain with the most sites in the USA. Many restaurant analysts attribute this to the growing concern on health by restaurant customers, a trend that Subway has taken advantage in its marketing. In 1999, a Indiana University at Bloomington college student named Jared Fogle claimed to have lost 245 lbs with a diet made up mostly of Subway sandwiches. The story is used by Subway as a large part of their marketing campaign. The campaign also focused on a low-fat menu, unlike other fast-food companies.The company takes its name from the word sub, an abbreviation of submarine sandwich, so named for its shape. The chain punningly used the New York Subway as its decorative motif, and has a sandwich named the BMT for one of New York's subway lines.
Many different types of subs are served at Subway, including some less common (such as chicken teriyaki and Southwest chipotle).
External Links
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Subway (sandwich)."
Synonyms: SubwaySynonyms: metro (n), tube (n), underground (n), underpass (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Journey | Plan, itinerary, guide; handbook, guidebook, road book; Baedeker, Bradshaw, Murray; map, road map, transportation guide, subway map. |
Vehicle; automobile, train, bus, airplane, plane, autobus, omnibus, subway, motorbike, dirt bike, off-road vehicle, van, minivan, motor scooter',trolley, locomotive; legs, feet, pegs, pins, trotters. | |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Subway |
| English words defined with "subway": ride ♦ straphanger, subway fare, subway token, subway train. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "subway": Metropolitan Area Network, MOTOR OPERATOR ♦ PASTEUR ♦ SUPERINTENDENT, STATIONS, SURVEYOR, MINE ♦ THIRD-RAIL INSTALLER. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Hopefully you enjoyed our smaller, more energy-efficient subway cars (Men in Black II; writing credit: Lowell Cunningham; Robert Gordon) On the subway today, a man came up to me to start a conversation (Se7en; writing credit: Andrew Kevin Walker) Oh yeah! There are so many ways to die in New York City! Race riots, drive by shootings, subway crashes, construction cranes collapsing on the sidewalks, manhole covers blowing up and asbestos shooting into the sky. (Denis Leary: No Cure for Cancer; writing credit: Denis Leary) In the underground, you know, the subway. (One, Two, Three; writing credit: Ferenc Molnár; Billy Wilder) Hey, that person standing next to you on the subway car, in the supermarket, take a closer look next time (Early Edition; writing credit: Joe Bolster) | |
Lyrics | She doesn't know your name and your heart beats like a subway train (Maria; performing artist: Blondie) Steam in the subway, earth is a fire (Hungry Like the Wolf; performing artist: Duran Duran) With a subway token and a dollar tucked inside my shoe (Rhinestone Cowboy; performing artist: Glen Campbell; writing credit: Larry Weiss) And the sign said, The words of the prophets are written on the subway walls ("Sounds of Silence"; performing artist: Simon & Garfunkel) Are written on the subway walls (The Sound Of Silence; performing artist: Simon and Garfunkel) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Microscopic Liquid Subway to Oblivion (1970) Subway in the Sky (1959) The Subway Symphony (1932) Sally of the Subway (1932) Subway Express (1931) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
High Tech |
| ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Signs above entrance to Tokyo subway at night. Ginza district. Credit: CDC. |  | Tokyo subway fare machine. Credit: CDC. |
 | [Gun Hill Subway Station]. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |  | The subway, bridge station. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Crime in the subway. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Luxury-lighted subway train. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Tremont St. subway - June 17, 1896. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Where the subway is an elevated, New York City. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Subway entrance and exit kiosks, New York City. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Senate office building. Subway by Senate office building. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Subway" by Sam Javanrouh Commentary: "Shot in subway in motion with motion blur and glowing lights." | "Subway II" by Jay McElweenie Commentary: "Subway II." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Business | The most popular areas have been in food and beverages, including such companies as KFC, Subway, Schlotzsky’s Deli, and, most recently Starbucks Coffee. (references) | |
This large increase was due to demand generated by several extensive new subway construction projects, SOC projects, and the "new city" residential construction projects. (references) | ||
The province of Cordoba is considering a subway linking the downtown part of the provincial capital with its metropolitan area and contemplates five kilometers of tunels, initially. (references) | ||
Children | Greece | Athens subway lines provide full accessibility. (references) |
Brazil | In the city of Rio de Janeiro, the disabled have little or no access to buses (the main public transportation), subway, phone booths, and many other public facilities. (references) | |
Bulgaria | The law requires improved structural access for the disabled, and public works have taken the needs of persons with disabilities into account, for example, Sofia's new subway system was designed with wheelchair access to stations. (references) | |
Economic History | Trinidad | They include Kentucky Fried Chicken, Pizza Hut, McDonalds, and Subway Sandwiches. (references) |
Korea | Municipal authorities also are expanding Seoul's already extensive subway system. (references) | |
Venezuela | Caracas has a modern subway but only one functioning rail line serves the rest of the country. (references) | |
Human Rights | Japan | In the complex case of the Aum Shinrikyo 1995 sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway system, the trials of seven senior members of the group were still underway in district courts at year's end. (references) |
Travel | Chad | There is no trolley or subway system. (references) |
Argentina | Buenos Aires has extensive subway and bus routes. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Romania | For example, the Ministry of Transport attempted to intimidate the subway system union from striking during the year. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Julie Andrews | Used to have to go into either the subway or I used to have to go out in our garden with a pair of binoculars. Because I could tell the difference between the hum of a rocket and a real airplane. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
George Bush | 1989-1993 | Surely a tired woman on her way to work at six in the morning on a subway deserves the right to get there safely. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Subway" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 97.81% of the time. "Subway" is used about 137 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 97.81% | 134 | 27,488 |
| Noun (proper) | 2.19% | 3 | 202,518 |
| Total | 100.00% | 137 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "subway": subway fare ♦ subway map ♦ subway station ♦ subway token ♦ subway train. Additional references. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
subway | 5,231 | subway toronto | 84 |
new york subway | 735 | chicago subway | 76 |
subway sandwich | 690 | the new york subway system | 71 |
nyc subway map | 645 | dc subway washington | 71 |
nyc subway | 621 | subway sub | 66 |
new york subway map | 374 | angeles los subway | 60 |
subway coupon | 366 | subway tile | 47 |
new york city subway | 362 | subway sandwich shop | 47 |
subway restaurant | 358 | boston map subway | 45 |
new york city subway map | 323 | subway series | 45 |
subway map | 276 | london subway | 43 |
ny subway | 209 | city new subway system york | 42 |
subway franchise | 175 | montreal subway | 42 |
map ny subway | 154 | manhattan subway map | 41 |
boston subway | 142 | subway tokyo | 39 |
subway diet | 133 | subway sandwich coupon | 36 |
menu subway | 127 | map subway toronto | 36 |
map mta subway | 124 | nyc subway system | 35 |
direction subway | 91 | map subway tokyo | 35 |
mta subway | 87 | direction nyc subway | 35 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "subway"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | metro (metro, train, underground). (various references) | |
Arabic | ممر تحت الأرض, مترو, نفق (tube, tunnel), قطار أرضي, القطار الكهربائي النفقي. (various references) | |
Asturian | metro. (various references) | |
Basque | metro (metre, tube, underground). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | тунел (tube, tunnel), метро (metro, tube, underground), подземна железница (tube-railway, underground), подземен канал, подлез (underpass). (various references) | |
Cebuano | dalan sa ilalom. (various references) | |
Chinese | 地鐵 (metro), 地铁 (ug), 地下鐵路 . (various references) | |
Cornish | keyforth. (various references) | |
Czech | podzemní dráha (underground), podchod (underpass), metro (underground). (various references) | |
Danish | undergrundsbane (underground). (various references) | |
Dutch | metro (underground). (various references) | |
Esperanto | metroo (underground). (various references) | |
Faeroese | undirjarðarjarnbreyt. (various references) | |
Farsi | مترو, ترن زیرزمینی , زیرراه , راه زیرزمینی (Mine). (various references) | |
Finnish | tunneli (tunnel), jalankulkutunneli, alikäytävä (underpass). (various references) | |
French | métro. (various references) | |
Frisian | metro. (various references) | |
German | Unterführung (tunnel, underpass), untergrundbahn (underground, underground railroad, underground railway), u-bahn (subwayUS, tube, underground). (various references) | |
Greek | υπόγεια διάβαση (underpass). (various references) | |
Hawaiian | metro (underground). (various references) | |
Hebrew | מעבר תת קרקעי, מסלה תחתית (metro, tube, underground railway), תחתית (base, bottom, saucer), רכבת תחתית (metro, tube, underground). (various references) | |
Hungarian | földalatti (subterranean, underground). (various references) | |
Inuktitut | nunap attagut nunasiutikutaak. (various references) | |
Italian | sottopassaggio (underpass), passaggio sotterraneo, metropolitana (tube, underground). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 地下鉄 (underground train), 地下鉄 (underground train), サフラン擬 (knapsack), minor characters, sabot, sabotage, Sabrina pants, sand, sub, sub notebook, sub promenade, sub reader, sub sack, subbank, subculture, subdomain, sub-goal, sub-graph, subhead, subject, subleader, sublet, subliminal ad, submanager, submarine, submarine pitcher, sub-menu, subnet, subnetting, sub-network, sub-pattern, sub-process, subroutine, sub-set, substance, substitute, sub-system, subteen, subtitle, subtrack, supplement, supplier, supply, to be idle, to be truant, to sabotage by slowness, zephyr lily). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | サブウェー , ちかてつ (underground train). (various references) | |
Korean | 지하철. (various references) | |
Macedonian | podzemen prelaz. (various references) | |
Manx | bayr fo-halloo. (various references) | |
Norwegian | undergrunnsbane (underground). (various references) | |
Occitan | metro (tube, underground). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | ubwaysay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | passagem subterrânea, metropolitano (metropolitan), metrô. (various references) | |
Provencal | metro. (various references) | |
Romanian | tunel (tunnel), pasaj subteran, metrou (underground railway), metropolitan (metropolitan, tube, underground). (various references) | |
Russian | тоннель;метрополитен, тоннель, подземный переход. (various references) | |
Samoan | ala alalo. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | podzemni pešački prolaz, podzemna železnica (underground), metro (metro, underground). (various references) | |
Sicilian | suttapassaggiu. (various references) | |
Spanish | metro (meter, metre, metro, rule, tube, underground). (various references) | |
Swedish | underjordisk gång (tunnel), tunnelbana (railway, tube, underground, underground railway). (various references) | |
Turkish | tünel (adit, gallery, tube, tunnel), metro (metro, tube, underground), altgeçít (underground), alt geçit (underground, underpass). (various references) | |
Turkmen | metropoliten (r). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | тунель (tube, tunnel), метро (metro), підземний хід. (various references) | |
Vietnamese | đường xe điện ngầm, đường ngầm (caponier). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "subway": subwayed, subwaying, subways. (additional references) | |
| |
"Subway" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Sajwaj, Selway, Shuswap, Sibaya, Stubai, suba, Suwaya. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-b-s-u-w-y" | |
-2 letters: abys, bays, busy, buys, suba, swab, sway, wabs, ways, yaws. | |
-3 letters: abs, aby, ays, bas, bay, bus, buy, bys, sab, sau, saw, say, sub, wab, was, way, yaw. | |
-4 letters: ab, as, aw, ay, ba, by, us, ya. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-b-s-u-w-y" | |
+1 letter: subways. | |
+2 letters: subwayed. | |
+3 letters: subwaying. | |
+4 letters: bawdyhouse. | |
+5 letters: bawdyhouses. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Quotations: Non-fiction 10. Quotations: Spoken 11. Quotations: Speeches 12. Usage Frequency | 13. Expressions 14. Expressions: Internet 15. Translations: Modern 16. Derivations | 17. Anagrams 18. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
