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Definition: SI |
SINoun1. A complete metric system of units of measurement for scientists; fundamental quantities are length (meter) and mass (kilogram) and time (second) and electric current (ampere) and temperature (kelvin) and amount of matter (mole) and luminous intensity (candela). 2. A tetravalent nonmetallic element; next to oxygen it is the most abundant element in the earth's crust; occurs in clay and feldspar and granite and quartz and sand; used as a semiconductor in transistors. 3. The syllable naming the the seventh (subtonic) note of any musical scale in solmization. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "SI" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1321. (references) |
Etymology: Si \Si\ [Italian]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | Si |
Aerospace | = International System of Units.Abbreviation. (references) |
Literature | Si the seventh note in music, was not introduced till the seventeenth century. The original scale introduced by Guido d'Arezzo consisted of only six notes. (See Aretinian Syllables .). Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Space | The International System of Units (metric system). (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
ISO 3166-2 for Slovenia (ISO 3166-1 : SI) The purpose of this family of standards is to establish a worldwide series of short abbreviations for places, for use on package labels, containers and such. Anywhere where a short alphanumeric code can serve to clearly indicate a location in a more convenient and less ambiguous form than the full place name. US readers may wish to consider them as the equivalent of worldwide zip or postal codes. Within the Wikipedia, the codes from the country pages link to the pages for the locations they identify.Codesystem: 3-character-numeric
Newsletters
ISO 3166-2:2002-12-10
Encoding list (119)
Communes (119)
See also
- ISO 3166-2, the reference table for all country region codes.
- ISO 3166-1, the reference table for all country codes, as used for domain names on the internet.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "ISO 3166-2:SI."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The International System of Units, abbreviated SI (for the French phrase Système International d'Unités), is the most widely used system of units. Along with the older cgs (centimetre, gram, second) system, SI is sometimes referred to as the metric system (especially in the United States, which has not widely adopted its use in everyday commerce, and the UK where conversion is incomplete).
- Alternate uses: see SI (disambiguation)
Origin
The units of the SI system are decided by international conferences organised by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Office of Weights and Measures). The SI system was first given its name in 1960, and last added to in 1971.
SI is built on seven SI base units, such as the kilogram and metre. These are used to define various SI derived units. SI also defines a number of SI prefixes to be used with the units: these combine with any unit name to give subdivisions and multiples. For example, the prefix kilo denotes a multiple of a thousand, so the kilometre is 1,000 metres, the kilogram 1,000 grams, and so on.
SI writing style
The system can legally be used in every country in the world, and in many countries its use is obligatory. Those countries that still give official recognition to non-SI units (e.g. US, UK) define them in terms of SI units. It was adopted by the 11th General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) in 1960. (See weights and measures for a history of the development of units of measurement.)
- Symbols are written in lower case except for in symbols where the unit is eponymous, or derived from the name of a person. This means that the symbol for the SI unit for pressure, named for Blaise Pascal, is Pa, whereas the unit itself is written pascal. The official SI brochure lists the symbol for the litre as an allowed exception to the capitalization rules: either capital or lowercase L is acceptable.
- Symbols are written in singular e.g 25 kg (not "25 kgs")
- It is preferable to keep the symbol in upright roman type (for example, kg for kilograms, m for meters), so as to differentiate from (mathematical and physical) variables (for example, m for mass, l for length).
- A space between the numbers and the symbols: 2.21 kg, 7.3·102 m2
- SI uses spaces to separate decimal digits in sets of three. e.g. 1 000 000 or 342 142 (in contrast to the commas or dots used in other systems e.g. 1,000,000 or 1.000.000).
- SI used only a comma as the separator for decimal fractions until 1997. The number "twenty four and fifty one hundredths" would be written as " 24,51 ". In 1997 the CIPM decided that the British full stop (the "dot on the line", or period) would be the decimal separator in text whose main language is English (" 24.51 "). No allowances were made for alternate decimal separators in other languages; except in English, the comma remains the official standard.
Notes
Americans frequently spell 'metre' as 'meter', and 'litre' as 'liter'; however 'metre' and 'litre' are the official BIPM names for these units, although the American usage has been approved by the US government. The official US spelling for 'deca' is 'deka', though Americans use the international spelling more often than the American one.
The unit 'gram' is also sometimes spelled 'gramme' in English speaking countries, though that is an older spelling. Several other languages use the American spelling. In written practice only the abbreviated (prefixed) symbols are used, avoiding the spelling issue.
Related Articles
- Metrology
- UTC (Coordinated Universal Time)
- Orders of magnitude
External links
- The International System of Units -- Its History and Use in Science and Industry
- http://www1.bipm.org/en/publications/brochure/
- http://www.bipm.fr/enus/3_SI/base_units.html
- http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/index.html
- I. Mills, Tomislav Cvitas, Klaus Homann, Nikola Kallay, IUPAC: Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, 2nd ed., Blackwell Science Inc 1993, ISBN 0632035838.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "SI."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Si or si or SI may stand for:
- Si, the lunar deity in Mohican mythology
- si, one of Spanish language words pronounced sē, like "see":
- sí (accented) for "yes" and
- si (unaccented) for "if"
- Si, the seventh note of solfege
- SI, the Système International d'Unités, the (metric) International System of Units
- silicon (Si, symbol for the chemical element)
- Slovenia (ISO country code)
- Smithsonian Institution
- Socialist International
- Sports Illustrated
- Staten Island, a borough of New York City and an island in the Hudson River
- Swedish Institute (Svenska institutet)
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Si."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
An SI prefix is a prefix which can be applied to any unit of the International System of Units (SI) to give subdivisions and multiples of that unit.
For example, the prefix "kilo" multiplies by one thousand, so a kilometre is 1,000 metres, and a kilowatt is 1,000 watts. The prefix "milli" subdivides by a thousand, so a millimetre is one thousandth of a metre (1,000 millimetres in a metre), and a millilitre is one thousandth of a litre. The ability to apply the same prefixes to any SI unit is one of the key strengths of the SI, since it considerably simplifies the system's learning and use.
The most commonly used prefixes include:
The full table follows below.
- giga = 109, US billion or European milliard, a thousand million
- mega = million
- kilo = thousand
- centi = one hundredth
- milli = one thousandth
(Sub)multiple Prefix Symbol Name (Americas) Name (European) 1024 yotta Y Septillion Quadrillion 1021 zetta Z Sextillion Thousand trillion (Trilliard) 1018 exa E Quintillion Trillion 1015 peta P Quadrillion Thousand billion (Billiard) 1012 tera T Trillion Billion 109 giga G Billion Thousand million (Milliard) 106 mega M Million 103 kilo k Thousand 102 hecto h Hundred 101 deca or deka da Ten 10-1 deci d Tenth 10-2 centi c Hundredth 10-3 milli m Thousandth 10-6 micro μ Millionth 10-9 nano n Billionth Milliardth 10-12 pico p Trillionth Billionth 10-15 femto f Quadrillionth Billiardth 10-18 atto a Quintillionth Trillionth 10-21 zepto z Sextillionth Trilliardth 10-24 yocto y Septillionth Quadrillionth Examples:
The prefix always takes precedence over any exponentiation; thus km2 means square kilometre and not kilo - square metre. For example, 3 km2 is equal to 3,000,000 m2 and not to 3,000 m2 (nor to 9,000,000 m2).
- 5 cm = 5 × 10-2 m = 5 × 0.01 m = 0.05 m
- 3 MW = 3 × 106 W = 3 × 1 000 000 W = 3 000 000 W
Prefixes where the exponent is divisible by three are recommended. Hence '100 metres' rather than 'one hectometre'. Notable exceptions include centimetre, hectare (hecto-are), centilitre, and 1 dm3 (equivalent to one litre).
The accepted pronunciation of the initial G of "giga-" was once soft, /ˈdʒaɪgə/ (like "gigantic"), but now the hard pronunciation, /ˈgɪgə/, is probably more common.
Note that the formal SI metric prefix for 1000 is lower case "k".
Use outside SI
The abbreviation "k" is often used to mean a multiple of a thousand, so one may talk of "a 40K salary" (40,000), or the Y2K problem.
Non-SI units
SI prefixes rarely appear coupled with imperial units except in some specialised cases (e.g. megaton). They are often used with cgs units in situations where these are still found (e.g. millitorr). They are also used with "natural" units in some fields (e.g. megaelectron volt, gigaparsec).
Computing
k and greater are common in computing, where they are applied to information and storage units like the bit and the byte. Since these often naturally come in powers of two, the prefixes' meaning changes:
However, these prefixes usually retain their powers-of-1000 meanings when used to describe rates of data communication (bit rates): 10 Mb/s Ethernet runs at 10,000,000 b/s, not 10,485,760 b/s.
- K = 210 = 1,024
- M = 220 = 1,048,576
- G = 230 = 1,073,741,824
- T = 240 = 1,099,511,627,776
- P = 250 = 1,125,899,906,842,624.
This inconsistency did not seem relevant when computers had little storage and communication links were relatively slow, but the increasing capacity of computing systems and speed of network links began making this inconsistency a more serious problem.
Accordingly, the International Electrotechnical Commission adopted new binary prefixes in 1998, formed from the first syllable of the decimal prefix plus 'bi' (pronounced 'bee'). The symbol is the decimal symbol plus 'i'. So now, one kilobyte (1 kB) equals 1000 bytes, whereas one kibibyte (1 KiB) equals 210 = 1024 bytes. Likewise mebi (220), gibi (230), tebi (240), pebi (250), and exbi (260). For example, at 1 MB/s = 106 bytes per second, it would take slightly longer than one second to transfer an object 1 MiB = 220 bytes in size. The adoption of these prefixes has been very limited.
For more information on these power-of-two prefixes, see Binary prefixes.
See also Orders of magnitude.
† Britain, Ireland and Australia previously used the European number name conventions, but have now largely switched to US usage. Note in particular that above a million and below a millionth, the same name has different values in the two naming systems, so billion and trillion (for example) become unfortunately potentially ambiguous terms internationally. Using the SI prefixes can circumvent this problem. See number names for the details.
This article (or an earlier version of it) contains material from FOLDOC, used with permission.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "SI prefix."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Silicon is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Si and atomic number 14. A tetravalent metalloid, silicon is less reactive than its chemical analog carbon. It is the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust, making up 25.7% of it by weight. It occurs in clay, feldspar, granite, quartz and sand, mainly in the form of silicon dioxide (also known as silica) and silicates (compounds containing silicon, oxygen and metals). Silicon is the principal component of glass, semiconductors, cement, ceramics and silicones, the latter a plastic substance often confused with silicon.
Aluminum - Silicon - Phosphorus C
Si
Ge
Full tableGeneral Name, Symbol, Number Silicon, Si, 14 Series metalloid Group, Period, Block 14 (IVA), 3, p Density, Hardness 2330 kg/m3, 6.5 Appearance dark grey, bluish tinge Atomic Properties Atomic weight 28.0855 amu Atomic radius (calc.) 110 (111)pm Covalent radius 111 pm van der Waals radius 210 pm Electron configuration [Ne]33s2 3p2 e- 's per energy level 2, 8, 4 Oxidation states (Oxide) 4 (amphoteric) Crystal structure Cubic face centered Physical Properties State of matter solid (nonmagnetic) Melting point 1687 K (2577 °F) Boiling point 3173 K (5252 °F) Molar volume 12.06 ×1010-3 m3/mol Heat of vaporization 384.22 kJ/mol Heat of fusion 50.55 kJ/mol Vapor pressure 4.77 Pa at 1683 K Speed of sound __ m/s at __ K Miscellaneous Electronegativity 1.90 (Pauling scale) Specific heat capacity 700 J/(kg*K) Electrical conductivity 2.52 10-4/m ohm Thermal conductivity 148 W/(m*K) 1st ionization potential 786.5 kJ/mol 2nd ionization potential 1577.1 kJ/mol 3rd ionization potential 3231.6 kJ/mol 4th ionization potential 4355.5 kJ/mol 5th ionization potential 16091 kJ/mol 6th ionization potential 19805 kJ/mol 7th ionization potential 23780 kJ/mol 8th ionization potential 29287 kJ/mol 9th ionization potential 33878 kJ/mol 10th ionization potential 38726 kJ/mol Most Stable Isotopes
iso NA half-life DM DE MeV DP 28Si 92.23% Si is stable with 14 neutrons 29Si 4.67% Si is stable with 15 neutrons 30Si 3.1% Si is stable with 16 neutrons 32Si {syn} 276 y Beta- 0.224 32P SI units & STP are used except where noted. Notable Characteristics
In its crystalline form, silicon has a metallic luster and a grayish color. Even though it is a relatively inert element, silicon still reacts with halogens and dilute alkalis, but most acids, (except for hydrofluoric acid) do not affect it. Elemental silicon transmits more than 95% of all wavelengths of infrared light.Applications
Silicon is a very useful element that is vital to many human industries. Silicon dioxide in the form of sand and clay is an important ingredient of concrete and brick and is also used to produce Portland cement. Silicon is a very important element for plant and animal life. Diatoms extract silica from water to build their protective cell walls. Other uses:
- It is a refractory material used in high-temperature material production and its silicates are used in making enamels and pottery.
- Silicon is an important constituent of some steels.
- Silica from sand is a principal component of glass. Glass can be made into a great variety of shapes and is used to make window glass, containers, and insulators, among many other uses.
- Silicon carbide is one of the most important abrasives.
- Ultrapure silicon can be doped with arsenic, boron, gallium, or phosphorus to make silicon more conductive for use in transistors, solar cells and other semiconductor devices which are used in electronics and other high-tech applications.
- Silicon can be used in lasers to produce coherent light with a wavelength of 4560 angstroms.
- Silicones are flexible compounds containing silicon-oxygen and silicon-carbon bonds; they are widely used in applications such as artificial breast implants and contact lenses.
- Hydrogenated amorphous silicon has shown promise in the production of low-cost, large-area electronics and solar cells.
- Silica is a major ingredient in bricks because of its low chemical activity.
History
Silicon (Latin silex, silicis meaning flint) was first identified by Antoine Lavoisier in 1787, and was later mistaken by Humphry Davy in 1800 for a compound. In 1811 Gay Lussac and Thenard probably prepared impure amorphous silicon through the heating of potassium with silicon tetrafluoride. In 1824 Berzelius prepared amorphous silicon using approximately the same method of Lussac. Berzelius also purified the product by repeatedly washing it.
Occurrence
Silicon is a principal component of aerolites which are a class of meteoroids and also of tektites which is a natural form of glass.Measured by weight, silicon makes up 25.7% of the earth's crust and after oxygen is also the second most abundant element. Elemental silicon is not found in nature. It occurrs most often as oxides and as silicates. Sand, amethyst, agate, quartz, rock crystal, flint, jasper, and opal are some of the forms in which the oxide appears. Granite, asbestos, feldspar, clay, hornblende, and mica are a few of the many silicate minerals.
Production
Silicon is commercially prepared by the heating of high-purity silica in an electric arc furnace using carbon electrodes. At temperatures over 1900°C, the carbon reduces the silica to silicon according to the chemical equation
Liquid silicon collects in the bottom of the furnace, and is then drained and cooled. The silicon produced via this process is called metallurgical grade silicon and is at least 99% pure. In 1997, metallurgical grade silicon cost about United States dollar 0.50 per g.
- SiO2 + C → Si + CO2
Purification
The use of silicon in semiconductor devices demands a much greater purity than afforded by metallurgical grade silicon. Historically, a number of methods have been used to produce high-purity silicon.
Physical methods
Early silicon purification techniques were based on the fact that if silicon is melted and re-solidified, the last parts of the mass to solidify contain most of the impurities. The earliest method of silicon purification, first described in 1919 and used on a limited basis to make radar components during World War II, involved crushing metallurgical grade silicon and then partially dissolving the silcon powder in an acid. When crushed, the silicon cracked so that the weaker impurity-rich regions were on the outside of the resulting grains of silicon. As a result, the impurity-rich silicon was the first to be dissolved when treated with acid, leaving behind a more pure product.In zone melting, the first silicon purification method to be widely used industrially, rods of metallurgical grade silicon were heated to melt at one end. Then, the heater was slowly moved down the length of the rod, keeping a small length of the rod molten as the silicon cooled and resolidified behind it. Since most impurities tend to remain in the molten region rather than resolidify, when the process was complete, most of the impurities in the rod had been moved into end that was the last to be melted. This end was then cut off and discarded, and the process repeated if a still higher purity was desired.
Chemical methods
Today, silicon is instead purified by converting it to a silicon compound that can be more easily purified tht silicon itself, and then converting that silicon compound back into pure silcon. Trichlorosilane is the silicon compound most commonly used as the intermediate, although silicon tetrachloride and silane are also used. When these gases are blown over silicon at high temperature, they decompose to high-purity silicon.In the Siemens process, high-purity silicon rods are exposed to trichlorosilane at 1150°C. The trichlorosilane gas decomposes and deposits additional silicon onto the rods, enlarging them according to chemical reactions like
Silicon produced from this and similar processes is called polycrystalline silicon. Polycrystalline silicon typically has impurity levels of 1 part per billion or less.
- 2 HSiCl3 → Si + 2 HCl + SiCl4
At one time, DuPont produced ultrapure silicon by reacting silicon tetrachloride with high-purity zinc vapors at 950°C, producing silicon according to the chemical equation
However, this technique was plauged with practical problems (such as the zinc chloride byroduct solidifying and clogging lines) and was evenutally abandoned in favor of the Siemens process.
- SiCl4 + 2 Zn → Si + 2 ZnCl2
Crystallization
The Czochralski process is often used to make high-purity single silicon crystals for use in solid-state/semiconductor devices.
Isotopes
Silicon has nine isotopes, with mass numbers from 25-33. Si-28 (the most abundant isotope, at 92.23%), Si-29 (4.67%), and Si-30 (3.1%) are stable; Si-32 is a radioactive isotope produced by argon decay. Its half-life, after much argument, has been determined to be approximately 276 years, and it decays by beta emission to P-32 (which has a 14.28 year half-life) and then to S-32.
Precautions
A serious lung disease known as silicosis often occurred in miners, stonecutters, and others who were engaged in work where siliceous dust was inhaled in great quantities.
Miscellaneous Information
Because Silicon is an important element in semiconductor and high-tech devices, the high-tech region of Silicon Valley, California, is named after this element.
External Links
- WebElements.com - Silicon
- EnvironmentalChemistry.com - Silicon
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Silicon."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Silicones are certain chemical compounds which consist of polymers made up of silicon-oxygen and silicon-carbon bonds. They can vary in consistency from slimy goo to hard rubber. Most famously, silicone was and still is used as a filler in breast augmentation implants. Silicone is also used in the toy Silly Putty.Silicone is often mistaken colloquially for elemental silicon, because of the similarity in pronunciation, but they are entirely different. For example, in the Shakira song "Objection (Tango)", the lyrics "next to her cheap silicon I look minimal" should be "next to her cheap silicone I look minimal."
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Silicone."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
SI | Danish | Slovenien | Geography |
SI | Dutch | Slovenië | Geography |
SI | English | Salk Institute | N/A |
SI | Finnish | Slovenian tasavalta | Geography |
SI | French | Plastique silicone | Chemical Industry, Meteorology & Standards |
SI | German | SI System | N/A |
SI | Greek | Σλοβενία | Geography |
SI | Italian | Credito di firma | Finance |
SI | Portuguese | Eslovénia | Geography |
SI | Spanish | Eslovenia | Geography |
SI | Swedish | Republiken Slovenien | Geography |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: SISynonyms: atomic number 14 (n), silicon (n), te (n), ti (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Cheerfulness | Phrase: "a merry heart goes all the day"; "as merry as the day is long"; ride si sapis. |
Good Man | Phrase: si sic omnes! |
Intelligence Wisdom | Adjective: intelligent, quick of apprehension, keen, acute, alive, brainy, awake, bright, quick, sharp; quick witted, keen witted, clear witted, sharp- eyed, sharp sighted, sharp witted; wide-awake; canny, shrewd, astute; clear-headed; farsighted; discerning, perspicacious, penetrating, piercing; argute; quick-witted, nimble-witted, needle-witted; sharp as a needle, sharp as a tack; alive to; (cognizant); clever; (apt); arch; (cunning); pas si bete; acute. |
Love | Phrase: amantes amentes; credula res amor est; militat omnis amasius; love conquers all, omnia vincit amor; si vis amari ama; " the sweetest joy, the wildest woe ". |
Marriage | Phrase: the gray mare the better horse; " a world-without-end bargain "; "marriages are made in Heaven "; " render me worthy of this noble wife "; si qua voles apte nubere nube pari. |
Motion | Phrase: eppur si muove; es bildet ein Talent sich in der Stille, sich ein Charakter in dem Strom der Welt. |
Physical Pleasure | Phrase: ride si sapis; voluptales commendat rarior usus. |
Preparation | Phrase: a bove majori discit arare minor; "looking before and after ", si vis pacem para bellum. |
Reasoning, | Phrase: ab actu ad posse valet consecutio; per troppo dibatter la verita si perde; troppo disputare la verita fa errare. |
Warfare | Phrase: the battle rages; a la guerre comme a la guerre; bis peccare in bello non licet; jus gladii; "my voice is still for war"; "'tis well that war is so terrible, otherwise we might grow fond of it"; "my sentence is for open war"; "pride, pomp, and circumstance of glorious war"; "the cannons have their bowels full of wrath"; "the cannons..spit forth their iron indignation"; "the fire-eyed maid of smoky war"; silent leges inter arma; si vis pacem para bellum. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: SI |
| English words defined with "SI": ampere ♦ international ampere ♦ retie ♦ Sol-fa, Solfeggio. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "SI": aircraft sound description system, Aretinian Syllables ♦ Bar-sur-Aube, Black...White ♦ Cap Verses, Clock rate, control-O, Cry Havock! ♦ ephemeris second ♦ ferro-silico-calcium, Flamberge ♦ Goutte de Sang ♦ Horse., Hussars ♦ International System of Units ♦ Jean des Vignes, Joncs ♦ Larks, Linkage disequilibrium, Low tax havens, lux-second ♦ magnetic induction, Marine consequential loss, Meche, Mouchard ♦ Non Angli sed Angeli, si forent Christiani, nonsilicate minerals ♦ O'riande ♦ schorlomite, Science Persecuted ♦ -si ♦ SI derived unit, sialma, Sievert, silvery pig iron, skarn, Somatic effect, stokes, SUDDEN IMPULSE, Systéme Internationale d'Unités. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "SI" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Albanian (as, for, how, like, qua, si, such as), Catalan (if), Czech (each other, for me, for myself, herself, itself, themselves, to me, to myself, to yourself, yourself), French (<question particle>, as, certainly, either, if, indeed, provided that, rather, so, such, surely, that, whether, yes), Galician (yes), Hawaiian (as, how, like, such as), Italian (hello, herself, himself, itself, one, oneself, themselves, yea, yep, yes, you, yourself), Latin (if, if only, provided that, whether), Lombard (yes), Luganda (it's not), Luxembourgish (are), Norwegian (say, tell), Papiamen (if, provided that), Portuguese (if, provided that, self, si, you), Portuguese Brazilian (self), Romanian (b), Scottish (pron. she; only used in the nom. case), Somali (way), Spanish (as, b, hello, how, if, like, once, provided that, si, such as, supposing, whether, yea, yeah, yep, yes), Sranan (see), Swahili (is not), Swedish (behold, lo, look, si), Tagalog (not translatable), Turkish (si), Welsh (buzz, murmur, whiz). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Si. We go underground and spread sedition (Water; writing credit: Dick Clement; Ian La Frenais) Sad si me udario, i nikada vise (Maratonci trce pocasni krug; writing credit: Dusan Kovacevic) Si j'étais aveugle, je passerais mon temps à caresser ton visage (Sirène du Mississippi, La; writing credit: François Truffaut) Si senior (Zorro, the Gay Blade; writing credit: Greg Alt; Hal Dresner) 'Cause my name is Rosie si si si (Bye Bye Birdie; writing credit: Michael Stewart; Irving Brecher) | |
Lyrics | Si solitaire (Someone I love, Someone who loves me; performing artist: Dion) Même si certains retiendrons ta foi (Humana; performing artist: Fabian) Si seulement tu savais comme tu prends ma vie (I Will Love Again; performing artist: Lara Fabian) Heel to toe, Do Si Do (Any Man Of Mine; performing artist: Shania Twain) Sandalae per Clementina si, per Clementina si, (Clementine; performing artist: Tom Lehrer) | |
Clever | Texas: Si, Hablo Ingles (Yes, I Speak English) (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Perché si uccide un magistrato? (1974) Zhong tai quan tan sheng si zhan (1974) Sheng si quan ma (1974) | |
Song Titles | Vitamin Si (performing artist: Tom Chapin) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References | |||
Books | |||
Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
High Tech |
| ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Si Din Meming Om Narkotika!. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |  | Si quebro el Cantaro. / [Goya]. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |
 | Esto si que es leer. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Si sabrà mas el discipulo?. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Japanese enlistment. Thomas Aoki, forty, father of six children, fills out his voluntary application for the U.S. Army Combat Regiment being organized solely of Americans of Japanese ancestry. Aoki is one of a group of 110 Aiea Plantation employees who si. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Pitcairn, Pennsylvania. Twins Amy and Mary Rose Lindich, twenty-one, employed at the Pennsylvania Railroad as car repairmen helpers, earning seventy-two cents per hour. They reside in Jeanette, Pennsylvania, and carpool with fellow workers. Dismantling si. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | La arranquera, esto si que es grande apuro ya no se consigue un duro. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Ottaviano visita Cleopatra, mentre lei abbatuta dalle sue sciagrue, gli si prostra dinnanzi / Pinelli inv. e inc. Roma 1821. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Uz Slovensko vstává putá si strhávä. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Su excelencia el Presidente de la Republica ha dicho : Es, por tanto, una verdad evidente que si en España la guerra ... Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |
| "Crispy duck.. detail!" by Núria Fortuny Commentary: ".. si mirem amb detall.. conclusió PATO ROJO: NO." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. |
| Author | Quotation |
Sir Christopher Wren | Si monumentum requiris circumspice [If you would see the man's monument, look around]. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
John Locke | 1690 | Cum ille si intolerabilis tyrannus est (modicum enim ferre omnino debet) resistere cum reverentia possit, Barclay contra Monarchom. (Second Treatise of Government) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Business | Metric, British Imperial, Chinese and U.S. units are all in use in Hong Kong. The territory is promoting the adoption of a metric system of units, the "International System of Units" (SI). Adoption of SI in areas related to length, area, volume and capacity, force, pressure and energy/power is almost complete. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Tanzania | On July 31, a local magistrate in Morogoro sentenced 28-year old Kahmis Rajab Dibagula to an 18-month jail term for blasphemy against Christianity for publicly stating "Yesu si Mungu" (Jesus is not God). (references) |
Trade | Italy | Products are allowed to be imported and then labeled in SI metric units prior to sale. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "SI" is generally used as an unclassified items -- approximately 86.89% of the time. "SI" is used about 594 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Unclassified Items | 86.89% | 516 | 11,767 |
| Noun (proper) | 4.2% | 25 | 69,787 |
| Noun (plural) | 3.87% | 23 | 72,767 |
| Noun (singular) | 3.36% | 20 | 78,262 |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 1.01% | 6 | 143,867 |
| Noun (common) | 0.67% | 4 | 175,879 |
| Total | 100.00% | 594 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "SI" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Si | Last name | 200 | 39,223 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| Country | Name |
| USA | SI Diamond Technology, Inc. |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "SI": pas si bete ♦ per troppo dibatter la verita si perde ♦ poly Si ♦ ride si sapis ♦ SI derived unit ♦ SI documents ♦ si qua voles apte nubere nube pari ♦ si quis ♦ si vis pacem para bellum. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "SI": si-di-wi, Si-kiang, Si-o, si-the-re-an. | |
Ending with "SI": hsg-si, non-si, sog-si. | |
Containing "SI": do-si-do, kras-si-pays, se-si-lis. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
si | 1,477 | si tex | 46 |
honda civic si | 492 | 2002 civic si | 46 |
cnn si | 451 | si trader | 43 |
civic si | 282 | dao ming si | 40 |
najdi si | 258 | meter si | 39 |
si swimsuit | 176 | nakhon si thailand thammarat | 38 |
2000 honda civic si | 143 | si swimsuit issue | 38 |
lin si yee | 92 | 2002 honda civic si | 36 |
si unit | 82 | si sports | 32 |
si for kid | 80 | ryu si won | 30 |
2000 civic si | 75 | mt si | 30 |
joint si | 72 | si soft sandra | 30 |
2003 honda civic si | 60 | si kids.com | 30 |
crx si | 59 | 99 civic si | 28 |
1999 honda civic si | 59 | cercetarii educatiei ministerul si | 28 |
honda crx si | 58 | ayutthaya nakhon phra si thailand | 28 |
2003 civic si | 58 | mount si | 27 |
honda si | 57 | club si | 27 |
bank si trust | 48 | honda prelude si | 27 |
chin si yee | 46 | musica si | 26 |
live si | 26 | ||
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "SI"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | si (as, for, how, like, qua, such as). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | си (itself, ourselves, themselves). (various references) | |
Chinese | 硅 (silicon). (various references) | |
Czech | èínská řeka. (various references) | |
Danish | SI dokumenter (SI documents), afledt SI-enhed (SI derived unit). (various references) | |
Dutch | SI documenten (SI documents), polysilicium (poly, poly Si, polycrystalline silicon, polysilicon), poly-Si (poly, poly Si, polycrystalline silicon, polysilicon), afgeleide SI-eenheid (SI derived unit). (various references) | |
Finnish | SI-johdannaisyksikkö (SI derived unit), polypii (poly, poly Si, polycrystalline silicon, polysilicon), monikiteinen pii (poly, poly Si, polycrystalline silicon, polysilicon). (various references) | |
French | si (silicone resin), résine silicone (silicone resin). (various references) | |
German | SI-Dokumente (SI documents), Polysilizium (poly, poly Si, polycrystalline silicon, polysilicon), Poly-Si (poly, poly Si, polycrystalline silicon, polysilicon), Joint European Submicron Silicon (J oint E uropean S ubmicron Si licon, JESSI), abgeleitete SI-Einheit (SI derived unit). (various references) | |
Greek | Joint European Submicron Silicon (J oint E uropean S ubmicron Si licon, JESSI), παράγωγη μονάδα SI (SI derived unit), πολύ-Si (poly, poly Si, polycrystalline silicon, polysilicon), πολυκρυσταλλική σιλικόνη (poly, poly Si, polycrystalline silicon, polysilicon), πολυσιλικόνη (poly, poly Si, polycrystalline silicon, polysilicon). (various references) | |
Hungarian | h hang. (various references) | |
Italian | silicio policristallino (poly, poly Si, polycrystalline silicon, polysilicon), unità SI derivata (SI derived unit), policilicio (poly, poly Si, polycrystalline silicon, polysilicon), Joint European Submicron Silicon (J oint E uropean S ubmicron Si licon, JESSI), ISB (Independent Side Band(In essa si trasmettono due informa-zioni indipendenti sulle due bande laterali, utilizzando gli stessi metodi con cui si realizza la SSB.Il vantaggio della ISB consiste nella possibilità di usare un solo segnale di riferimento nel ricevitore x ricevere due informazioni.)), documenti SI (SI documents). (various references) | |
Korean | 실리콘 (silicon, silicone). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | isay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | si (if, provided that, self, you). (various references) | |
Russian | си (b, blue, ti). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | sedma nota dijatonske lestvice. (various references) | |
Spanish | si (as, b, hello, how, if, like, once, provided that, such as, supposing, whether, yea, yeah, yep, yes). (various references) | |
Swedish | si (behold, lo, look). (various references) | |
Turkish | si. (various references) | |
Ukrainian | сі. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Luke Chapter 23, Verse 37 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Kai legonteV ei su ei o basileuV twn ioudaiwn swson seauton |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Dicentes si tu es rex Iudaeorum salvum te fac |
| Old English | 990 | West Saxon | And þus cwædon; Gif þu si iudea cining gedo þe halne; |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | And seiden, If thou art king of Jewis, make thee saaf. |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | And sayde: yf thou be that kynge of ye Iewes save thy silfe. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | And saying, If thou be the king of the Jews, save thyself. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | And saying, If thou art the King of the Jews, save thyself. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | And saying, If you are the King of the Jews, get yourself free. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Luke Chapter 23, Verse 37 |
| Cebuano | ug nanag-ingon, "Hari ka man kaha sa mga Judio, luwasa ang imong kaugalingon!" |
| Chinese | 說 、 你 若 是 猶 太 人 的 王 、 可 以 救 自 己 罷 。 |
| Croatian | govoreæi: "Ako si ti kralj židovski, spasi sam sebe!" |
| Danish | "Dersom du er Jødernes Konge, da frels dig selv!" |
| Dutch | En zeiden: Indien gij de Koning der Joden zijt, zo verlos Uzelven. |
| Finnish | ja sanoivat: "Jos sinä olet juutalaisten kuningas, niin auta itseäsi". |
| French | ils disaient: Si tu es le roi des Juifs, sauve-toi toi-même! |
| German | und sprachen: Bist du der Juden König, so helf dir selber! |
| Haitian Creole | epi yo di li: Si ou se wa jwif yo, se pou ou sove tèt ou ou menm! |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | serta berkata, "Kalau Engkau raja orang Yahudi, selamatkanlah diri-Mu!" |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | sambil katanya, "Jikalau Engkau raja orang Yahudi, selamatkanlah diri-Mu sendiri!" |
| Italian | «Se tu sei il re dei Giudei, salva te stesso». |
| Korean | 가 로 되 ` 네 가 만 일 유 대 인 의 왕 이 어 든 네 가 너 를 구 원 하 라' 하 더 라 |
| Maori | Ka mea, Ki te mea ko koe te Kingi o nga Hurai, whakaora i a koe. |
| Norwegian | Er du jødenes konge, da frels dig selv! |
| Portuguese | e dizendo: Se tu és o rei dos judeus, salva-te a ti mesmo. |
| Rumanian | wi -I ziceau: ,,Dacq ewti Tu Kmpqratul Iudeilor, mkntuiewte-Te pe Tine knsuyi!`` |
| Shuar | Tura chicharainiak "Amesha nekas Israer-shuara uunt akupniurinkiumka amek uwemprata" tiarmiayi. |
| Spanish | y diciéndole: --Si tú eres el rey de los judíos, sálvate a ti mismo. |
| Swahili | wakisema: "Kama kweli wewe ni Mfalme wa Wayahudi, jiokoe mwenyewe." |
| Swedish | och sade: "Är du judarnas konung, så hjälp dig själv." |
| Uma | pai' ra'uli': "Ane Magau' to Yahudi mpu'u-ko, wae-pi tulungi moto-mi-kowo woto-nu!" |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "SI": sial, sialagogue, sialagogues, sialic, sialid, sialidan, sialidans, sialids, sialoid, sials, siamang, siamangs, siamese, siameses, sib, sibb, sibbs, sibilance, sibilances, sibilant, sibilantly, sibilants, sibilate, sibilated, sibilates, sibilating, sibilation, sibilations, sibling, siblings, sibs, sibyl, sibylic, sibyllic, sibylline, sibyls, sic, siccan, sicced, siccing, sice, sices, sick, sickbay, sickbays, sickbed, sickbeds, sicked, sickee, sickees, sicken. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "SI": abomasi, ariosi, bassi, byssi, colossi, dalasi, kielbasi, kolbasi, kolbassi, mafiosi, marchesi, metatarsi, narcissi, nisi, pachisi, parchesi, parchisi, psi, quasi, sannyasi, supervirtuosi, tarsi, tarsometatarsi, thyrsi, torsi, virtuosi. (additional references) | |
Words containing "SI": abasia, abasias, abasing, abiogenesis, abiosis, abrasion, abrasions, abrasive, abrasively, abrasiveness, abrasivenesses, abrasives, abrosia, abrosias, abscessing, abscisin, abscising, abscisins, abscission, abscissions, absinth, absinthe, absinthes, absinths, abstrusities, abstrusity, abusing, abusive, abusively, abusiveness, abusivenesses, acariasis, accessibilities, accessibility, accessible, accessibleness, accessiblenesses, accessibly, accessing, accession, accessional, accessioned, accessioning, accessions, accessorising, acclimatising, accusing, accusingly, achalasia, achalasias, achondroplasia. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "SI" (pronounced sē") |
| 2 | s ē" | addressee, emcee, foresee, gutsy, lessee, licensee, oversea, sea, see, sightsee, undersea. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: is. | |
| Words containing the letters "i-s" | |
+1 letter: ais, bis, cis, dis, his, ids, ifs, ins, ism, its, lis, mis, pis, psi, sei, sib, sic, sim, sin, sip, sir, sis, sit, six, ski, sri, tis, vis, wis, xis. | |
+2 letters: aids, ails, aims, ains, airs, aits, amis, anis, asci, axis, bias, bibs, bids, bigs, bins, bios, bise, bisk, bits, bris, chis, cigs, cist, cris, dais, dibs, dies, digs, dims, dins, dips, disc, dish, disk, diss, dits, egis, fibs, fids, figs, fils, fins, firs, fisc, fish, fist, fits, ghis, gibs, gids, gies, gigs, gins, gips, gist, gits, hies, hins, hips, hisn, hiss, hist, hits, ibis, ices, ichs, ides, ilks, ills, imps, inks, inns, ions, ires, iris, irks, isba, isle, isms, iwis, jibs, jigs, jins, jism, khis, kids, kifs, kins, kips, kirs, kiss, kist, kits, kois, kris, leis, libs, lids, lies, lins, lips, lisp, list, lits, mibs, mids, migs, mils, mirs, mise, miso, miss, mist, nibs, nils, nims, nips, nisi, nits, obis, oils, phis, pias, pics, pies, pigs, pins, pips, pish, piso, piss, pits, pois, psis, reis, rias, ribs, rids, rifs, rigs, rims, rins, rips, rise, risk, sadi, said, sail, sain, saki, sari, sati, seif, seis, semi, shim, shin, ship, shiv, shri, sial, sibb, sibs, sice, sick, sics, side, sift, sigh, sign, sike, sild, silk, sill, silo, silt, sima, simp, sims, sine, sing, sinh, sink, sins, sipe, sips, sire, sirs, site, sith, sits, size, sizy, skid, skim, skin, skip, skis, skit, slid, slim, slip, slit, smit, snib, snip, snit, soil, soli, sori, spic, spik, spin, spit, spiv, sris, stir, suit, swig, swim, syli, this, tics, ties, tils, tins, tips, tuis, vies, vigs, vims, visa, vise, wigs, wins, wise, wish, wisp, wiss, wist, wits, yids, yins, yips, ywis, zigs, zins, zips, zits. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Quotations: Familiar 10. Quotations: Historic 11. Quotations: Non-fiction 12. Usage Frequency | 13. Names: Frequency 14. Names: Company Usage 15. Expressions 16. Expressions: Internet | 17. Translations: Modern 18. Bible Trace 19. Abbreviations 20. Acronyms | 21. Derivations 22. Rhymes 23. Anagrams 24. Bibliography |
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