SEM

"SEM" is a name that signifies or is derived from: "same as Shem".

Date "SEM" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1885. (references)

"SEM" is a common misspelling or typo for: seam, seem, semi, send, stem, sum.

Specialty Definition: SEM

Domain	Definition
Computing	SEM The semantic specification language for COPS. ["Metalanguages of the Compiler Production System COPS", J. Borowiec, in GI Fachgesprach "Compiler-Compiler", ed W. Henhapl, Tech Hochs Darmstadt 1978, pp. 122-159]. Source: The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Scanning electron microscope

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope capable of producing high resolution images of a sample surface. Due to the manner in which the image is created, SEM images have a characteristic 3-dimensional quality and are useful for judging the surface structure of the sample.
Scanning process
In a typical SEM configuration, electrons are thermionically emitted from a tungsten or LaB₆ cathode filiment towards an anode. The electron beam, which typically has an energy ranging from a few keV to 50 keV, is focused by two successive condenser lenses into a beam with a very fine spot size (~ 5nm). The beam then passes through the objective lens, where pairs of scanning coils deflect the beam either linearly or in a raster fashion over a rectangular area of the sample surface. As the primary electrons strike the surface they are inelastically scattered by atoms in the sample. Through these scattering events, the primary beam effectively spreads and fills a teardrop-shaped volume extending about 1 μm into the surface. Interactions in this region lead to the subsequent emission of electrons and x-rays, which are then detected to produce an image.
Detection of secondary electrons
The most common imaging mode monitors low energy (<50 eV) secondary electrons. Due to their low energy, these electrons must originate within a few tenths of a nanometer from the surface. The electrons are detected by a scintillator-photomultiplier device and the resulting signal used to modulate the intensity of a CRT that is rastered in conjunction with the raster-scanned primary beam. Because the secondary electrons come from the near surface region, the brightness of the signal depends on the surface area that is exposed to the primary beam. This surface area is relatively small for a flat surface, but increases for steep surfaces. Thus steep surface and edges (cliffs) tend to be brighter than flat surfaces resulting in images with good three-dimensional contrast. Using this technique, resolutions of the order of 5 nm are possible.
Detection of back-scattered electrons
In addition to the secondary electrons, backscattered electrons (essentially elastically scattered primary electrons) can also be detected. Due to their much higher energy (approximately the same as the primary beam), these electrons may be scattered from fairly deep within the sample, resulting in less topological contrast than for the case of secondary electrons. However, the probability of backscattering is a weak function of atomic number, thus some contrast between areas with different chemical compositions can be observed.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Scanning electron microscope."

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Shem

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Shem (or Sem) was the first of the sons of Noah in the Bible. He is mentioned in Genesis 5:32, 6:10; 7:13; 9:18,23,26-27; 10; 11:10; also in 1 Chronicles 1:4. The Messiah is descended from Shem in an unbroken line. The Jews derive their origin from Shem and are sometimes referred to as Semitic. However, a more recent theory states that the name may be derived from Sumer or the Sumerians.
Sem is also the name of a commune in the Ariège département, in France
SEM is the abbreviation for scanning electron microscope
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Shem."

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Abbreviations & Acronyms: SEM

The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted.
Entry	Source	Expression	Field
SEM	Dutch	Monitor van de ruimte-omgeving	Electrical Engineering, Geography
SEM	English	Seismometer	N/A
SEM	French	Syndrome épaule-main	Medicine
SEM	German	Rasterelektronenmikroskop	Electrical Engineering, Industry
AIA SEM	English	Automated Image Analysis-Scanning Electron Microscopy	N/A
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Crosswords: SEM

Specialty definitions using "SEM": PHOCUS ♦ TLAs. (references)

Non-English Usage: "SEM" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses.

Czech (here, hither), Hungarian (neither, nor), Icelandic (what), Latin (prefix meaning half-), Portuguese (lacking, minus, out, outside, wanting, without), Portuguese Brazilian (without), Romansch (seed), Romany (to be), Serbo-Croatian (apart from, barring, beside, except, excepting, save, unless), Slovene (am, have, I am, I have).

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Modern Usage: SEM

Domain

Usage

Movie/TV Titles

Um Marido Sem... É Como um Jardim Sem Flores (1972)

Como Ganhar na Loteria sem Perder a Esportiva (1971)

Um Homem Sem Importancia (1971)

Povoamento Sem Gravata Cela (1970)

Aranha Sem Essa (1970)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: SEM

Domain	Title
Books	Amazônia : o olhar sem fronteiras (reference) As Profecias Sem Misterio (reference) O Novo Ingles Sem Custo/English With Ease (reference) Sem Erotics: Theorizing Lesbian: Writing (Sem Erotics: Theorizing Lesbian: Writing) (reference) (more book examples)

Periodicals	Jornal Dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (reference) (more periodical examples)

Theater & Movies	Complete In-Home Investing Sem (reference) (more DVD examples; more video examples)

Music	Sem Contencao [CD-SINGLE] (reference) Sem Lenco, Sem Documento (reference) Sem Ti 2000 (reference) (more classical music examples; more popular music examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Photo Album: SEM

Thumbnail	Description & Credit	Thumbnail	Description & Credit
	Shows six different SEM images of a lymphocyte with HIV cluster. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist.		Pictured is a scanning electron micrograph of cultured HeLa cells originally derived many years ago from a woman's cancerous cervical tissue. A light micrograph (x130) of the same cells (inset) reveals rounded double cells in the center in the process of dividing. This HeLa cell (named after patient Henrietta Lacks) has been infected with adenovirus. After 4-1/2 hours the HeLa cell's surface becomes rough. The multiple surface blebs on this cell characteristic for a certain stage of cell division that both normal and cancer cells go through. Research with the SEM has established the extraordinarily responsive nature of cell surface form. This instrument records, in pictures, specific cell reactions to various changes in the cells environment and maps the distribution of surface binding sites for biologically important molecules such as hormone, antigens, and pharmacologic agents. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist.
	Curta o vera ?o sem dengue. Credit: National Library of Medicine.
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Digital Photo Gallery: SEM

"Faixa e luzes" by Luiz Gustavo Sales
Commentary: "Sem descrição."

Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers.

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Usage Frequency: SEM

"SEM" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 80.00% of the time. "SEM" is used about 100 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Noun (singular)	80%	80	37,112
Noun (proper)	11%	11	106,044
Noun (common)	9%	9	117,287
Total	100.00%	100	N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Expression: SEM

Hyphenated Usage
	Beginning with "SEM": sem-priest.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: SEM

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.

Expression	Frequency per Day	Expression	Frequency per Day
sem	251	40 sem	8
fios sem universidade	117	fim sem terras	7
resume sap sem	44	fédération sem	7
movimento sem terra	33	roupa sem	6
calcinha sem	31	cheque fundo sem	6
sem paint	19	sem eds	6
sem product	15	firm sem	6
fio sem	15	sap sem	6
dos movimento sem terra	14	sem vinyl paint	6
sem terra	14	sem teto	5
fio rede sem	13	sem tool	5
fio microfone sem	13	com fiança liberdade ou sem	5
phone sem fio	13	seer sem	5
cabeça mula sem	12	dye sem vinyl	5
cheque fundos sem	10	hitachi sem	5
dallas firm sem	9	bw resume sem	4
abrigo sem	9	camisa sem	4
fio redes sem	8	dos movimento sem terra trabalhadores	4
fio internet sem	8	de fio fone ouvido sem	4
edx sem	8	4 oberheim sem voice	4
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Bible Trace: SEM

Language	Date	Source	Luke Chapter 3, Verse 36
Greek (transliterated)	250 BC	Septuagint	Tou kainan tou arfaxad tou shm tou nwe tou lamec
Latin	405	Vulgate	Qui fuit Cainan qui fuit Arfaxat qui fuit Sem qui fuit Noe qui fuit Lamech
Old English	990	West Saxon	----------
Middle English	1395	Wyclif	That was of Sale, that was of Chaynan, that was of Arfaxath, that was of Sem, that was of Noe, that was of Lameth,
Renaissance English	1526	Tyndale	Which was the sonne of Cainan: which was the sonne of Arphaxat: which was the sonne of Sem: which was the sonne of Noe: which was the sonne of Lameth:
Jacobean English	1611	King James	Which was the son of Cainan, which was the son of Arphaxad, which was the son of Sem, which was the son of Noe, which was the son of Lamech,
Victorian English	1833	Webster	Who was the son of Cainan, who was the son of Arphaxad, who was the son of Shem, who was the son of Noah, who was the son of Lamech,
Basic English	1964	Ogden	The son of Cainan, the son of Arphaxad, the son of Shem, the son of Noah, the son of Lamech,
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Matched Bible Translations: SEM

Language	Luke Chapter 3, Verse 36
Cebuano	nga anak ni Cainan, nga anak ni Arfajad, nga anak ni Sem, nga anak ni Noe, nga anak ni Lamec,
Croatian	Kenanov, Arpakšadov, Šemov, Noin, Lamekov,
Danish	Kajnans Søn, Arfaksads Søn, Sems Søn, Noas Søn, Lameks Søn,
Dutch	Den zoon van Kainan, den zoon van Arfaxad, den zoon van Sem, den zoon van Noe, den zoon van Lamech,
Finnish	tämä Kainamin, tämä Arfaksadin, tämä Seemin, tämä Nooan, tämä Laamekin,
French	fils de Kaïnam, fils d`Arphaxad, fils de Sem, fils de Noé, fils de Lamech,
German	der war ein Sohn Kenans, der war ein Sohn Arphachsads, der war ein Sohn Sems, der war ein Sohn Noahs, der war ein Sohn Lamechs,
Haitian Creole	Sala te pitit Kayinam, Kayinam te pitit Afaksad, Afaksad te pitit Sèm, Sèm te pitit Noe, Noe te pitit Lamèk.
Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari	anak Kenan, anak Arpakhsad, anak Sem, anak Nuh, anak Lamekh,
Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama	anak Kainan, anak Arpaksad, anak Sem, anak Nuh, anak Lamekh,
Italian	figlio di Cainam, figlio di Arfàcsad, figlio di Sem, figlio di Noè, figlio di Lamech,
Korean	그 이 상 은 가 이 난 이 요, 그 이 상 은 아 박 삿 이 요, 그 이 상 은 셈 이 요, 그 이 상 은 노 아 요, 그 이 상 은 레 멕 이 요
Latvian	Tas bija Kainana, tas Arfaksâda, tas Sçma, tas Noasa, tas Lameha dçls,
Manx Gaelic	Mac Cainan, mac Arphaxad, mac Sem, mac Noe, mac Lamech,
Maori	Tama a Kainana, tama a Arapahata, tama a Hema, tama a Noa, tama a Rameka,
Norwegian	sønn av Kenan, sønn av Arpaksad, sønn av Sem, sønn av Noah, sønn av Lamek,
Portuguese	Salá de Cainã, Cainã de Arfaxade, Arfaxade de Sem, Sem de Noé, Noé de Lameque,
Rumanian	fiul lui Cainam, fiul lui Arfaxad, fiul lui Sem, fiul lui Noe, fiul lui Lameh,
Russian	лБЙОБОПЧ, бТЖБЛУБДПЧ, уЙНПЧ, оПЕЧ, мБНЕИПЧ,
Shuar	Sara Kainiánka Uchiríyayi; Kainián Arpaksata Uchiríyayi; Arpaksat Sema Uchiríyayi; Sem Nuaia Uchiríyayi; Nuai Ramikia Uchiríyayi;
Spanish	hijo de Cainán, hijo de Arfaxad, hijo de Sem, hijo de Noé,
Swahili	mwana wa Kainani, mwana wa Arfaksadi, mwana wa Shemu, mwana wa Noa, mwana wa Lameki,
Swedish	som var son av Kainam, som var son av Arfaksad, som var son av Sem, som var son av Noa, som var son av Lamek,
Uma	Salmon ana' Kenan, Kenan ana' Arpakhsad, Arpakhsad ana' Sem, Sem ana' Nuh, Nuh ana' Lamekh,
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Derivations: SEM

Derivations
	Words beginning with "SEM": semantic, semantical, semantically, semanticist, semanticists, semantics, semaphore, semaphored, semaphores, semaphoring, semasiological, semasiologies, semasiology, sematic, semblable, semblables, semblably, semblance, semblances, seme, semeiologies, semeiology, semeiotic, semeiotics, sememe, sememes, sememic, semen, semens, semes, semester, semesters, semestral, semestrial, semi, semiabstract, semiabstraction, semiabstractions, semiannual, semiannually, semiaquatic, semiarboreal, semiarid, semiaridities, semiaridity, semiautobiographical, semiautomatic, semiautomatically, semiautomatics, semiautonomous, semibald. (additional references)
	Words containing "SEM": abasement, abasements, advertisement, advertisements, advisement, advisements, amusement, amusements, aposematic, aposematically, appeasement, appeasements, appraisement, appraisements, arrondissement, arrondissements, assemblage, assemblages, assemblagist, assemblagists, assemble, assembled, assembler, assemblers, assembles, assemblies, assembling, assembly, assemblyman, assemblymen, assemblywoman, assemblywomen, baseman, basemen, basement, basementless, basements, bemusement, bemusements, bouleversement, bouleversements, casemate, casemates, casement, casements, chastisement, chastisements, closemouthed, debasement, debasements, defenseman. (additional references)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Anagrams: SEM

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Direct Anagrams: ems.
	Words within the letters "e-m-s"
	-1 letter: em, es, me.
	Words containing the letters "e-m-s"
	+1 letter: elms, emes, emfs, emus, fems, gems, hems, maes, megs, mels, mems, mesa, mesh, mess, mews, mise, muse, rems, same, seam, seem, seme, semi, smew, some, stem.
	+2 letters: acmes, almes, amens, amies, amuse, beams, bemas, berms, besom, cames, comes, cymes, dames, deems, deism, demes, demos, derms, dimes, disme, domes, emeus, emirs, emits, emyds, exams, fames, femes, fumes, games, germs, geums, haems, hames, helms, hemes, hemps, herms, homes, items, kames, kemps, lames, limes, mabes, maces, mages, makes, males, manes, manse, mares, marse, maser, masse, mates, maxes, mazes, meads, meals, means, meats, meeds, meets, melds, mells, melts, memes, memos, mends, mensa, mense, menus, meous, meows, meres, merks, merls, mesas, meshy, mesic, mesne, meson, messy, metes, meths, metis, mewls, mezes, miens, mikes, miles, mimes, mines, mires, miser, mises, mites, mixes, modes, mokes, moles, momes, moose, mopes, mores, morse, mosey, moste, motes, moues, mouse, moves, mules, mures, mused, muser, muses, mutes, names, neems, nemas, neums, nomes, omens, omers, perms, poems, pomes, reams, rimes, samek, satem, seams, seamy, sebum, sedum, seems, seism, semen, semes, semis, serum, shame, skelm, slime, smaze, smear, smeek, smell, smelt, smerk, smews, smile, smite, smoke, smote, sperm, spume, steam, stems, stime, tames, teams, teems, temps, terms, times, tomes, wames, ylems, zymes.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.