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Definitions: Restoration |
RestorationNoun1. The reign of Charles II in England; 1660-1685. 2. The act of restoring something or someone to a satisfactory state. 3. Getting something back again; "upon the restitution of the book to its rightful owner the child was given a tongue lashing". 4. The state of being restored to its former good condition; "the inn was a renovation of a Colonial house". 5. The re-establishment of the British monarchy in 1660. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "Restoration" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1550. (references) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Environment | Measures taken to return a site to pre-violation conditions. (references) |
Health | Broad term applied to any inlay, crown, bridge or complete denture which restores or replaces loss of teeth or oral tissues. (references) |
Medicine | Broad terms applied to any inlay, crown, bridge. . . or complete denture which restores or replaces loss of. . . teeth or oral tissues. Source: European Union. (references) |
| Of working capacity. Source: European Union. (references) | |
| Of occupational capacity lost or impaired. Source: European Union. (references) | |
| Of disabled persons to the fullest physical, mental, social, vocational and economical usefulness of which they are capable. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Mining | A. Restoring the disturbed land to the conditions which existed at the site before any disturbance occurred b. The process of gaining or recovering land, bringing it into a condition for cultivation or other use c. Response to any disturbances to the Earth and its environment caused by mining activity d. Returning the disturbed site "to a form and productivity in conformity with a prior use plan. e. The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA) states that, among other provisions, reclamation must "restore the land affected to a condition capable of supporting the uses which it was capable ofsupporting prior to any mining, or higher or better uses. (references) |
Post & Telecom | The procedure to recover the information in a location register, after the location information is lost due to a failure. It consists of a restart procedure, after which some mechanisms are provided to keep track of the reliability of each element in memory. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Restoration."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| REFORM | English | Resource Failure and Restoration Management in ATM-based IBCN | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: RestorationSynonyms: regaining (n), renovation (n), restitution (n), return (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Improvement | Reform, reformation; revision, radical reform; second thoughts, correction, limoe labor, refinement, elaboration; purification; oxidation; repair; (restoration); recovery. |
Newness | Innovation; renovation; (restoration). |
Refreshment | Noun: bracing; Verb: recovery of strength, recuperation; restoration, revival; repair, refection, refocillation, refreshment, regalement, bait; relief. |
Repetition | Cuckoo; (imitation); reverberation; drumming; (roll); renewal; (restoration). |
Reproduction | Noun: reproduction, renovation; restoration; renewal; new edition, reprint, revival, regeneration, |
Restitution | Noun: restitution, return; rendition, reddition; restoration; reinvestment, recuperation; rehabilitation; (reconstruction); reparation, atonement; compensation, indemnification. |
Restoration | Noun: restoration, restoral; reinstatement, replacement, rehabilitation, reestablishment, reconstitution, reconstruction; reproduction; renovation, renewal; revival, revivessence, reviviscence; refreshment; resuscitation, reanimation, revivification, reviction; Phenix; reorganization. |
Reversion | Turning point, turn of the tide; status quo ante bellum; calm before a storm. alternation; (periodicity); inversion; recoil; retreat, regression, retrogression; restoration; relapse, recidivism; atavism; vicinism; |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Movie/TV Titles | The Restoration (1910) Restoration (1995) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References | |||
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Theater & Movies | |||
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High Tech |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Wetland scientists evaluating potential marsh restoration project.Credit: America's Coastlines. |  | Federal and state scientists evaluating potential restoration project on the Chenier Plain not far from Sabine River and Texas border.Credit: America's Coastlines. |
 | A restoration planting site designated to receive patchy plantings. The planting area is designated by flags.Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |  | A walkway created to monitor the marsh platform. This image was taken prior to any planting that was done at the restoration site.Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |
 | Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. An abandoned road within the Reserve was restored to its original wetlands elevation to reestablish sheetflow and tidal flushing. Within a few months of the restoration, the recolonization of native wetlands had begun.Credit: National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERR). |  | Hardwood trees planted as part of a bottomland hardwood wetlands restoration project in central Mississippi.Credit: Lynn Betts. |
 | Daniel Mountjoy in Monterey County, CA works on stream restoration project.Credit: Lynn Betts. |  | Wetlands restoration area - signs across waterway describing restrictions.Credit: Jerry Sintz. |
 | Wetland restoration area in Jupiter, Florida.Credit: Jerry Sintz. |  | Church of the Tikhvin Icon of the Mother of God (1686-1690s), southeast view, before restoration, Yaroslavl', Russia.Credit: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Magna Carta | 1215 | Moreover, all trespasses occasioned by the said quarrel, from Easter in the sixteenth year of our reign till the restoration of peace, we have fully remitted to all, both clergy and laymen, and completely forgiven, as far as pertains to us. (reference) |
Communist Manifesto | 1848 | But even in the domain of literature the old cries of the restoration period had become impossible. (reference) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | It is understood that due diligence will be exercised in the restoration of the destroyed mines in the Nord and the Pas de Calais. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | The simple police of the Restoration looked too hopefully on the people of Paris. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Restoration of airway competence is the objective in the treatment of severe sleep apnea. (references) | |
In the development of caries treatment, dentistry has moved historically from extraction to surgical restoration. (references) | ||
There are several different types of revascularization (restoration of blood supply) surgery that may be performed in some cases. (references) | ||
Business | Surface restoration and extraction are the most common treatment needs of this sector of the population at present. (references) | |
In JFY 2000, yen loans will be abated slightly, due to decreases in economic restoration loans for other Asian countries. (references) | ||
The Government has contributed significant sums towards these restoration efforts, in part to promote the development of tourism in Tibet. (references) | ||
Children | Czech Republic | Regulations and the Construction Code require architects to ensure adequate access for the disabled in all new building projects, as well as in older buildings undergoing restoration; these regulations are applied in practice. (references) |
Civil Liberties | Tunisia | It also partially subsidizes restoration and maintenance costs for some synagogues. (references) |
Mozambique | Provincial governments have the final responsibility for establishing a process for property restoration. (references) | |
Economic History | Cambodia | France established the Angkor Conservancy in 1908 to direct restoration of the Angkor complex. (references) |
Iraq | Since 1983, Iraq has repeatedly called for restoration of Egypt's "natural role" among Arab countries. (references) | |
Romania | Congress approved restoration of MFN status effective November 8, 1993, as part of a new bilateral trade agreement. (references) | |
Human Rights | Korea | To investigate and redress the complaints of former detainees who claimed that officials of past military-backed governments tortured them or inflicted excessive punishments, the Government in May 2000 enacted the Special Act on the Investigation of Suspicious Deaths and the Act on the Restoration of the Honor of and Compensation for Persons Engaged in the Democratic Movement. (references) |
Indigenous People | Brazil | In December the federal attorney's office filed a statement supporting the restoration of demarcated lands of the Caramuru-Catarina Paraguacu reserve to the Pataxo Ha-Ha-Hae tribe. (references) |
Political Economy | Djibouti | From 1991 to 2000 the Djiboutian government fought a civil war against Afar rebels of the FRUD (Front for the Restoration of the Democratic Unity). (references) |
Political Rights | Burundi | Approximately 3 weeks later, President Buyoya announced the restoration of the National Assembly and political parties with certain restrictions. (references) |
Burundi | The Transitional Political Platform endorses in general terms the restoration of democracy and correction of the ethnic imbalance within the army and the judicial system. (references) | |
Trade | Armenia | EBRD strategic priorities include restoration of secure and environmentally safe energy supplies, critical air transport bottlenecks removal, financial sector restructuring and development, and private sector development through the post-privatization support and financing of new private enterprises. (references) |
Worker Rights | China | Government funding of restoration efforts ostensibly was done to support the practice of religion, but also was done in part to promote the development of tourism in Tibet. (references) |
China | Most recent restoration efforts were funded privately, although several large religious sites also were receiving government support for reconstruction projects during the year. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | LEXICOGRAPHER, n. A pestilent fellow who, under the pretense of recording some particular stage in the development of a language, does what he can to arrest its growth, stiffen its flexibility and mechanize its methods. For your lexicographer, having written his dictionary, comes to be considered "as one having authority," whereas his function is only to make a record, not to give a law. The natural servility of the human understanding having invested him with judicial power, surrenders its right of reason and submits itself to a chronicle as if it were a statue. Let the dictionary (for example) mark a good word as "obsolete" or "obsolescent" and few men thereafter venture to use it, whatever their need of it and however desirable its restoration to favor -- whereby the process of improverishment is accelerated and speech decays. On the contrary, recognizing the truth that language must grow by innovation if it grow at all, makes new words and uses the old in an unfamiliar sense, has no following and is tartly reminded that "it isn't in the dictionary" -- although down to the time of the first lexicographer (Heaven forgive him!) no author ever had used a word that was in the dictionary. In the golden prime and high noon of English speech; when from the lips of the great Elizabethans fell words that made their own meaning and carried it in their very sound; when a Shakespeare and a Bacon were possible, and the language now rapidly perishing at one end and slowly renewed at the other was in vigorous growth and hardy preservation -- sweeter than honey and stronger than a lion -- the lexicographer was a person unknown, the dictionary a creation which his Creator had not created him to create. God said: "Let Spirit perish into Form," And lexicographers arose, a swarm! Thought fled and left her clothing, which they took, And catalogued each garment in a book. Now, from her leafy covert when she cries: "Give me my clothes and I'll return," they rise And scan the list, and say without compassion: "Excuse us -- they are mostly out of fashion." Sigismund Smith |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Thomas Jefferson | 1801-1809 | On the restoration of peace in Europe that portion of the general carrying trade which had fallen to our share during the war was abridged by the returning competition of the belligerent powers. |
James Madison | 1809-1817 | Propose a restoration of this primitive State in which its Teachers depended on the voluntary rewards of their flocks, many of them predict its downfall. |
James K. Polk | 1845-1849 | I congratulate my fellow-citizens on the entire restoration of the credit of the General Government of the Union and that of many of the States. |
Woodrow Wilson | 1913-1921 | Our work is a work of restoration. |
Warren G. Harding | 1921-1923 | Opportunity is calling not alone for the restoration, but for a new era in production, transportation and trade. |
Harry S. Truman | 1945-1953 | The foreign economic policy of the United States is designed to promote our own prosperity, and at the same time to aid in the restoration and expansion of world markets and to contribute thereby to world peace and world security. |
John F. Kennedy | 1961-1963 | Progress is now being made toward the restoration of peace in the Caribbean, and it is our firm hope and purpose that this progress shall go forward. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Restoration" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.38% of the time. "Restoration" is used about 1,931 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.38% | 1,919 | 4,457 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.52% | 10 | 111,207 |
| Noun (common) | 0.1% | 2 | 245,945 |
| Total | 100.00% | 1,931 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name |
| USA | Restoration Hardware, Inc. |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "Restoration": dental restoration ♦ Dental Restoration Failure ♦ Dental Restoration Wear ♦ monarchy restoration ♦ phonemic restoration effect ♦ physical restoration ♦ prosthetic restoration ♦ restoration into ♦ restoration procedure ♦ restoration procedure time ♦ restoration transfer time ♦ The restoration ♦ universal restoration. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "Restoration": Restoration-unification. | |
Ending with "Restoration": post-restoration. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "Restoration"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | rivendosje (rearrangement, reclamation, reconstruction, recovery, redress, re-establishment, rehabilitation, reinstatement, renewal, revival), restaurim (reclamation, recovery), ndreqje (adjustment, amendment, correction, disposition, dressing, mending, rectification, refit, refitment, reform, repair, settlement). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | تجديد (innovation, modernization, newness, novelty, rebuilding, reconditioning, regeneration, rejuvenation, renewal, renovation, revival), ترميم (overhaul, rebuilding, reconditioning, renovation, repair, reparation, reparations, servicing), إحياء (animation, raise, rebirth, regeneration, renovation, resuscitation, revival), إستعادة (encore, reconquest, recuperation), إعادة (iteration, reestablishment, rehearsal, repetition, resumption, retard), إرجاع (reclamation, reestablishment, return, reversion), شفاء (cure, healing, medicament, recovery, recuperation, resurrection), بعث (bundle, cast, despatch, dispatch, forward, hand, hand over, mission, reanimate, recall, regenerate, regeneration, renaissance, resurrect, resurrection, rise, risen, rising, send, send in, telegram). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | реставрация (renovation), реставриране (instauration), възстановяване (instauration, mending, reconstruction, recovery, recruitment, refund, reinstatement, renewal, renovation, repair, replacement, restitution, retrieval, revivification), възстановителен (reconstructive, recuperative, restorative), възвръщане (recovery, restitution, retrieval, return), връщане (re entry, recall, refund, retrieval, return, reversal), поправка (alteration, amendment, correction, patching, rectification, renovation, repair, reparation), подновяване (instauration, renewal, renewing, renovation, reproduction, resumption). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 恢复 (recover, recovered, recovering, recuperate, Recuperated, Recuperating, recuperation, restore, Re-store, restored, Restoring, revert, Reverted, reverting), 修復 . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | restaurace (public house, renovation, restaurant, restaurants), rekultivace, zotavení (pickup, rally, recovery, recreation, recuperation, refreshment), vrácení (return), uzdravení (reinstatement), obnovení (redintegration, renovation, restitution, resumption, resurrection). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | retablering (reconstitution, reconstruction), restitution (recovery, refund, restitution), restitutio ad integrum (recovery), restaurering, genindkobling til normal kanal (line restoration). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | restitutio ad integrum (recovery), restauratie (restaurant). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Farsi | تجدید (Renewal, Repeat, Repetition, Resumption, Revival), استقرارمجدد (Revival), استرداد (Reclamation, Recovery, Refund, Retraction), بازگرداندن . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | entistäminen. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | restauration (re-establishment), rétablissement (recovery, recuperation, re-establishment, reinstatement, resettlement). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | Restaurierung (renovation), Wiederherstellung (destroyed, rebuilding, reconstitution, recovery, recreate, re-establishment, regeneration, renewal, restitution, restorable, restorations, restoring, retrieval), Wiedereinsetzung (re employment, reappointment, re-establishment, reinstatement), Restauration (inn, restaurant, tavern), Instandsetzung (keeping, maintenance, overhauling, reconditioning, repair, servicing), Erneuerung (changing, novation, regeneration, renewal, renovation, replacement, revival). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | επαναφορά (reinstatement, reset), αποκατάσταση (reclamation, rehabilitation, reinstatement, reparation, restitution, settlement day). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | שקום (reconstruction, rehabilitation, renewal), שחזור (reconstruction, reproduction), השבה על כנו, החזרה (reflection, reposition, restitution, return). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | restaurálás (reclamation), újjáépítés (rebuilding, reconstruction), visszahelyezés a trónra. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | perbaikan (betterment, emendation, improvement, reform, repair, revision, upgrading), pemulihan (recovery). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | restauro (redecoration, renovation, repair, repairs). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 返還 (return). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | ふっかつ (revival), ちゅうこう (12-2 a.m., cast steel, daylight, loyalty and filial piety, metal caster, middle watch, resurgence, revival, the mean), へんかん (change, conversion, return, transformation), じゅうふく (duplication, overlapping, redundancy, repetition), こくふく (conquest, subjugation), いっしん (complete change, first instance, first trial, one mind, one's own interests, oneself, reform, remodeling, renewal, the whole heart, throughout the body, wholeheartedness), いしん (dignity, intrigue, surviving retainer, treacherous designs, treachery), かんぷ (adulterer, adulteress, dry towel, government, paramour, refund, return), かいふく (improvement, making a surgical incision in the abdomen, recovery, rehabilitation), ちょうふく (duplication, overlapping, redundancy, repetition), ふっこ (abdominal cavity, revival), たちなおり (recovery), ふっきゅう (rehabilitation, reprisal, restitution, revenge), ふくげん (reconstruction), ふくげんさぎょう (restorationwork), ふくい (girth of the abdomen, lined garment, reinstatement), ふくきゅう (rehabilitation, reprisal, restitution, revenge), さいき (bill collector, comeback, cruel creditor, equipment used in rituals, rally, recovery, recursive, reflexive, talent, wisdom), さいこう (crushing ore, highest, lighting, mining, pore, reconsideration, reinvestigation, resuscitation, revival, second proof, supreme, the most), しゅうちく (renovation, repair, tall bamboo), ばんかい (recovery). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 피해복구동원. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | coyrt er ash, aachroo (recreate, reform, retrace), aachouyr. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | estorationray restauração (recession, reconstruction, recruitment, rehabilitation, renovation, reparation, resurrection, revival), restabelecimento (rally, recovery, recruitment, recuperation, re-establishing, re-establishment, reinstatement, repair, resettlement, retrieval, revival). (various references) restituire (refund, refundment, reimbursement, repayment, restitution), restaurare (re-establishment, regeneration, rehabilitation), restauraţie, restabilire (pick up, recovery, recruital, recruitment, redintegration, re-establishment, rehabilitation, reinstatement, retrieval, retrieve), repunere (restoring), reparare (redemption, redress, reparation, retrieval), reparaţie (refit, renovation, repair, reparation, retrieval), renovare (reclamation, renovation, repair), remitere (delivery, giving, handing, relegation, remittance, rendering), reintegrare (redintegration, re-establishment, reinstatement, remitter), refacere (reconstruction, recuperation, re-establishment, regeneration, remaking, rendering, rendition, retrieval), redare, reconstituire (reconstitution), înmânare (commitment), înapoiere (backwardness, home, restitution, restoring, return). (various references) восстановление (compensation, rebuilding, reclamation, reconstruction, recovery, re-creation, redress, reduction, re-establishment, refreshment, refurbishment, rehabilitation, reinstatement, renewal, renovation, repair, reproduction, restitution, resurgence, retrieval). (various references) restauracija (renovation), obnova (regeneration, renewal, renovation, restructuring). (various references) restauración (refurbishment, renovation). (various references) restaurering (rehabilitation, renovation). (various references) restorasyon, yenileme (face lifting, instauration, novation, reconditioning, regeneration, renewal, renovation), yeniden yapılanma (reconstruction), yeniden tahta geçme, iyileştirme (amendment, reclamation, recruitment, rehabilitation, therapy, uplift), iade (giving back, rebate, rendering, retrocession, return, surrender), geri verme (give back, reimbursement, repayment, retrocession, return). (various references) реставрація (renewal), відновлення (reconstruction, recrudescence, recruit, re-establishment, regain, repair, resurrection, retrieval). (various references) sự tu bổ lại, sự hoàn lại (reimbursement, restitution), sự hồi phục (renascence). (various references) atgyweiriad (repair), adferiad (recovery). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | reconciliatione, refectio, refectionis, renovatio. (various references) |
| Late Latin | 300-700 | reparationem. (various references) |
| Medieval Latin | 700-1500 | rehabilitationem. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "Restoration": restorations. (additional references) | |
| |
"Restoration" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: presaturation, restauration, restopration, restorat. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "Restoration" (pronounced re'sterā"shun) |
| 6 | -t er ā" sh u n | alteration, reiteration. |
| 5 | -er ā" sh u n | aberration, acceleration, admiration, adoration, agglomeration, amelioration, aspiration, cogeneration, collaboration, coloration, commemoration, confederation, configuration, conglomeration, consideration, cooperation, corporation, corroboration, deceleration, declaration, decoration, degeneration, deliberation, desperation, discoloration, elaboration, enumeration, evaporation, exaggeration, exasperation, exhilaration, exoneration, expiration, exploration, federation, figuration, generation, inauguration, incarceration, incorporation, inspiration, laceration, liberation, maturation, moderation, nonproliferation, operation, perforation, perspiration, preparation, proliferation, reconfiguration, reconsideration, recuperation, redecoration, refrigeration, regeneration, reincorporation, reinvigoration, remuneration, reparation, respiration, reverberation, saturation, separation, toleration. |
| 4 | -ā" sh u n | abbreviation, abdication, abomination, abrogation, acclimation, accommodation, accreditation, accumulation, accusation, acidification, activation, adaptation, adjudication, administration, adulation, advocation, affectation, affiliation, affirmation, aggravation, agitation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, allocation, alphabetization, altercation, amalgamation, amortization, amplification, amputation, animation, annexation, annihilation, annotation, anticipation, antidiscrimination, appellation, application, appreciation, approbation, appropriation, approximation, arbitration, argumentation, articulation, assassination, assimilation, association, augmentation, authentication, authorization, automation, aviation, avocation, balkanization, bifurcation, calculation, calibration, cancellation, cannibalization, capitalization, capitulation, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, celebration, centralization, certification, cessation, cetacean, characterization, citation, civilization, clarification, classification, coagulation, codification, cogitation, cohabitation, collectivization, colonization, colorization, combination, commendation, commercialization, communication, communization, compensation, compilation, complication, computation, computerization, concatenation, concentration, conciliation, condemnation, condensation, confabulation, confirmation, confiscation, conflagration, confrontation, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, connotation, consecration, conservation, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, consultation, consummation, contamination, contemplation, continuation, conversation, convocation, coordination, coronation, correlation, creation, cremation, criminalization, crustacean, culmination, cultivation, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, decapitation, decentralization, decertification, decontamination, decriminalization, dedication, defamation, deflation, deforestation, deformation, degradation, dehumanization, dehydration, deification, deinstitutionalization, delegation, delineation, demarcation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demodulation, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, denationalization, denomination, denuclearization, denunciation, depopulation, deportation, depravation, depreciation, depredation, deprivation, deregulation, derivation, desalination, desalinization, desecration, desegregation, desiccation, designation, desolation, destabilization, destination, determination, detonation, detoxication, detoxification, devaluation, devastation, deviation, dictation, differentiation, dilatation, dilation, discontinuation, discrimination, disembarkation, disinclination, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, dislocation, disorganization, disorientation, dispensation, disputation, disqualification, dissemination, dissertation, dissipation, dissociation, distillation, diversification, divination, documentation, domestication, domination, donation, dramatization, duplication, duration, echolocation, edification, education, ejaculation, elation, electrification, elevation, elimination, elongation, emanation, emancipation, embarkation, emigration, emulation, equalization, equitation, equivocation, eradication, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evocation, exacerbation, examination, excavation, excitation, exclamation, excommunication, exfoliation, exhalation, exhortation, exhumation, expatriation, expectation, experimentation, explanation, explication, exploitation, expropriation, extermination, extrapolation, fabrication, facilitation, falsification, fascination, fermentation, fertilization, fibrillation, filtration, fixation, flirtation, flotation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formation, formulation, fortification, foundation, fragmentation, frustration, fumigation, gasification, gastrulation, generalization, gentrification, germination, gestation, glaciation, globalization, glorification, gradation, graduation, granulation, gratification, gravitation, gyration, habitation, hallucination, harmonization, hesitation, hibernation, hospitalization, humiliation, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, identification, illumination, illustration, imagination, imitation, immigration, immunization, impersonation, implantation, implementation, implication, importation, impregnation, improvisation, imputation, inactivation, incantation, incapacitation, incarnation, inclination, incoordination, incrimination, incrustation, incubation, indemnification, indentation, indexation, indication, indignation, indoctrination, industrialization, infatuation, infestation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, information, inhabitation, inhalation, initiation, innovation, inoculation, insemination, insinuation, installation, instigation, institutionalization, instrumentation, insubordination, insulation, integration, intensification, internationalization, interpretation, interrogation, intimation, intimidation, intonation, intoxication, inundation, invalidation, investigation, invitation, invocation, ionization, irradiation, irrigation, irritation, isolation, jubilation, justification, lactation, legalization, legislation, levitation, liberalization, libration, ligation, limitation, liquidation, litigation, localization, location, lubrication, machination, magnetization, magnification, malformation, manifestation, manipulation, marginalization, masturbation, maximization, mechanization, mediation, medication, meditation, menstruation, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misallocation, misapplication, misappropriation, miscalculation, mischaracterization, miscommunication, miscreation, misidentification, misinformation, misinterpretation, misrepresentation, mitigation, mobilization, modernization, modification, modulation, molestation, monopolization, motivation, multiplication, mummification, mutation, mutilation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, navigation, negation, negotiation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nondiscrimination, normalization, notation, notification, nucleation, nullification, obfuscation, obligation, observation, occupation, optimization, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, orientation, origination, ornamentation, oscillation, ossification, ostentation, ovation, overpopulation, overregulation, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pacification, pagination, palpitation, participation, pasteurization, penetration, permutation, perpetuation, personalization, personification, perturbation, pigmentation, plantation, polarization, politicization, pollination, pontification, popularization, population, precipitation, predestination, prefabrication, premeditation, preoccupation, presentation, preservation, pressurization, privation, privatization, probation, proclamation, procrastination, procreation, profanation, prognostication, pronunciation, propagation, proration, prostration, protestation, provocation, publication, punctuation, purification, qualification, quantification, quotation, radiation, radicalization, ramification, ratification, rationalization, reaffirmation, realization, reallocation, reauthorization, recalculation, recantation, recapitalization, recertification, recitation, reclamation, reclassification, recommendation, reconciliation, reconfirmation, recreation, recrimination, rectification, rededication, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reforestation, reformation, refutation, regimentation, registration, regulation, rehabilitation, rehydration, reincarnation, reinterpretation, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, relocation, remediation, renationalization, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reorganization, repatriation, replication, representation, repudiation, reputation, reregulation, reservation, resignation, resuscitation, retaliation, retardation, reunification, revaluation, revelation, revitalization, revocation, rotation, rumination, salvation, sanctification, sanitation, saponification, securitization, sedation, sedimentation, segmentation, segregation, sensation, sequestration, simplification, simulation, situation, socialization, solicitation, sophistication, specialization, specification, speculation, stabilization, stagflation, stagnation, standardization, starvation, station, sterilization, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, subordination, subsidization, substantiation, suburbanization, suffocation, summation, superstation, syndication, tabulation, taxation, telecommunication, temptation, termination, titillation, transformation, transillumination, translation, transplantation, transportation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, undervaluation, unification, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vacation, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, vaporization, variation, vegetation, ventilation, verification, vibration, victimization, vilification, vindication, violation, visitation, visualization, vocation, vulgarization, westernization. |
| 3 | -sh u n | abduction, abolition, abortion, absolution, absorption, abstraction, academician, accession, accretion, acquisition, action, addiction, addition, admission, admonition, adoption, advection, affection, affliction, aggression, alliteration, alternation, ambition, ammunition, antiabortion, anticorruption, apparition, apportion, apprehension, ascension, ashen, assertion, assumption, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, beautician, benediction, brutalization, caption, carburetion, caution, circulation, circumspection, clinician, coalition, coercion, cognition, collection, commission, commotion, compassion, competition, completion, complexion, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, conception, conceptualization, concession, concoction, concussion, condescension, condition, conduction, confection, confession, conjunction, connection, conniption, conscription, constitution, constriction, construction, consumption, contention, contortion, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conviction, convolution, convulsion, correction, corruption, counterrevolution, crucifixion, cushion, deception, decimation, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, deduction, defection, definition, deletion, demolition, demotion, dentition, depiction, depletion, deposition, depression, dereliction, description, desertion, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, devolution, devotion, diction, dietitian, diffraction, digression, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, disconnection, discretion, discussion, disinfection, disposition, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissension, dissolution, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, dysfunction, edition, egyptian, ejection, election, electrician, electrocution, elocution, emission, emotion, emulsion, encryption, erection, erudition, eruption, eviction, evolution, exaction, exception, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exhibition, expansion, expedition, exposition, expression, expulsion, extension, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, faction, fashion, fiction, fission, flexion, formalization, fraction, freshen, friction, fruition, function, gentian, geriatrician, gumption, hessian, homogenization, hypertension, hypotension, ignition, impassion, imperfection, imposition, impression, inaction, inception, incineration, indiscretion, induction, infarction, infection, inflection, infliction, infraction, inhibition, injection, injunction, inquisition, inscription, insertion, inspection, institution, instruction, insurrection, interaction, interception, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, interruption, intersection, introduction, introspection, intuition, invention, junction, jurisdiction, juxtaposition, lilliputian, liposuction, liquefaction, locomotion, logician, lotion, magician, malfunction, malnutrition, mansion, martian, mathematician, mention, midsection, misapprehension, misconception, misimpression, misperception, mission, mortician, motion, munition, musician, nonaggression, nonfiction, nonprescription, notion, nutrition, objection, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, ocean, omission, opposition, oppression, optician, option, overconsumption, overexpansion, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, oversimplification, partition, passion, patrician, pediatrician, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, permission, persecution, petition, physician, politician, pollution, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, preconception, precondition, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, preemption, preignition, premonition, prescription, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, procession, production, profession, progression, prohibition, projection, promotion, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, protection, ration, reaction, reassertion, reception, recession, recognition, recollection, recondition, reconstruction, redefinition, redemption, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reflection, regression, reimposition, reinspection, reintegration, reintroduction, reinvention, rejection, remission, rendition, repercussion, repetition, reposition, repossession, repression, reproduction, requisition, resolution, restitution, restriction, resumption, resurrection, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, sanction, satisfaction, secession, secretion, section, sedition, seduction, selection, session, solution, statistician, submission, subscription, subsection, substation, substitution, subtraction, succession, suction, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, tactician, technician, tension, theoretician, titian, traction, tradition, transaction, transcription, transection, transgression, transition, transmission, tuition, venetian, volition, workstation. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-e-i-n-o-o-r-r-s-t-t" | |
-2 letters: nitrators, oratories, ratooners, resonator, restraint, retirants, rotations, rotatores, serration, stationer. | |
-3 letters: anterior, antrorse, arnottos, intreats, introrse, nitrates, nitrator, notaries, orations, ostinato, ratooner, rattoons, restrain, retirant, retrains, rootiest, rostrate, rotaries, rotation, rotators, senorita, snootier, snottier, sororate, strainer, straiten, straiter, strontia, tarriest, tenorist, terrains, tertians, toastier, torrents, tortoise, tortonis, trainers, traitors, tritones. | |
-4 letters: anestri, antsier. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-e-i-n-o-o-r-r-s-t-t" | |
+1 letter: restorations, retroactions. | |
+2 letters: interpolators, interrogators, orchestration, protonotaries, reforestation, remonstration. | |
+3 letters: containerports, deteriorations, interrogations, orchestrations, oversaturation, proportionates, prothonotaries, reexportations, reforestations, reimportations, remonstrations, reorientations, terrorizations, trisoctahedron. | |
+4 letters: anthropometries, contradictories, dorsoventrality, interrogatories, orchestrational, overextractions, oversaturations, preformationist, reafforestation, reorchestration, retrogradations, trisoctahedrons. | |
+5 letters: anthropocentrism, autocorrelations, controversialist, counterreactions, disproportionate, exteriorizations, heterochromatins, interiorizations, photorespiration, preformationists, radioprotections, reafforestations, reapportionments, reauthorizations, reconcentrations, refortifications, reorchestrations, retransformation, teratocarcinomas. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)52 65 73 74 6F 72 61 74 69 6F 6E |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references).-. . ... - --- .-. .- - .. --- -. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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| Amazon.com BOOKS: Search for: "Restoration" |
