Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Respiration |
RespirationNoun1. The bodily processes involved in exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and the environment. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "respiration" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1588. (references) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Aerospace | The interchange of gases of living organisms and the gases of the medium in which they live.Respiration applies to the interchange by any channel as pulmonary respiration, cutaneous respiration, etc. (references) |
Biology & Biotechnology | A term normally used to refer to aerobic respiration, meaning the cellular reactions that bring about the complete oxidation of organic compounds, such as glucose, to carbon dioxide and water. Oxygen itself is required, hence the description "aerobic" Source: European Union. (references) |
| The intake of oxygen and liberation of gaseous degradation products in living organisms ; the gaseous interchange between the plant and the air in which the plant absorbs oxygen, and gives off carbon dioxide. Source: European Union. (references) | |
| The gaseous interchange between the plant and the air in which the plant absorbs oxygen, and gives off carbon dioxide. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Health | The act of breathing with the lungs, consisting of inspiration, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of expiration, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more carbon dioxide than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= oxygen consumption) or cell respiration (= cell respiration). (references) |
Science | A process by which all living creatures take in oxygen from the air or water, oxidize it, and combine it with nutrients in the body to produce energy. Carbon dioxide and water vapor are then released as by-products. (references) |
Weather | A biochemical process by which living organisms take up oxygen from the environment and consume organic matter, releasing both carbon dioxide and heat. In plants, the organic matter in photosynthate produced during daylight hours. (references) |
| The process by which animals use up stored foods (by combustion with oxygen) to produce energy. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Respiration has two common meanings in biology.
Respiration uses oxygen and fuel (food) to produce energy for cellss. The products of respiration are carbon dioxide and water. A demonstration that carbon dioxide is a product of respiration is often shown in schools. See School science experiment- Huff & Puff Apparatus for details.
Respiration in Animals
Respiration in animals is divided into:
Respiration can be measured using a device called a respirometer.Plants
Plant respiration is limited by the process of diffusion. Even a baobab tree is mostly dead because air can penetrate only skin deep. However, most plants are not involved in highly metabolic activities like hunting, i.e. they do not need the energy necessary for predators, and thus their breathing is limited.Insects
Insects have no concentrated respiratory organs. (Perkins, 2003) Instead insects use a system of tracheae, thin channels, that run through their body, to improve on simple diffusion and let air flow more freely throughout the organism. Spiracles are small holes that open to the outside of the body and allow air in. Spiracles can be found along the abdomen and thorax of the insect body but never on the head. (Perkins, 2003) The spiracles can control the amount of air that is let into the insect. The spiracles lead to the trachea which act like "large distribution tubes" for the air being carried. (Perkins, 2003) The trachea lead to smaller tubes called tracheoles. The insects' cells can't be too far from these tracheoles because this is where oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse in and out of the hemolymph. This simple system limits their size because insects are purely diffusive. No modern insect exists that is larger then a foot or so (in metric units, about half a meter). Many people fear big bugs, and they should be comforted by this fact.Tissue Engineering
In tissue engineering, respiration is an essential problem. The small depth of diffusion respiration sufficient to support the metabolism of an average human cell is less than a milimetre in metric units, or less than a quarter of a quarter of an inch in Imperial units. Various substances can be used to enhance this depth, essentially having a haemoglobising role.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Respiration."
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Life | Respiration, wind; breath of life, breath of one's nostrils; oxygen, air. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Clever | Respiration is composed of two acts, first inspiration, and then expectoration. (references; author: unknown) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References | |||
Books |
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Music |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Sensing units on BISP Measured rate of biological respiration in bottom sediments BISP - Benthic Interface Sensing Package On NOAA Ship PEIRCE.Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | Diver deploys respiration bubbles over coral heads.Credit: National Undersea Research Program (NURP). |
 | Sub arm deploys a seafloor chamber used to measure respiration.Credit: National Undersea Research Program (NURP). |  | Food technologist Alley Watada (left) and horticulturist Ling Qi, who is visiting from China, prepare shredded carrots and other fresh-cut produce for automated measurement of respiration rate and ethylene production. P.Credit: USDA ARS News; photo by Scott Bauer.. |
 | ... resuscitation by mouth to mouth respiration. / WHO/Red Cross photo.Credit: National Library of Medicine. |  | Summer pastimes. Artificial respiration.Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Play | Caption | Play | Caption |
 | Breathing; breathe; nasal; respiratory; respiration; respire; . | | Exhale; exhalation; exhaling; breathe; breath; outbreath; breathing; lungs; respire; respiration; air; airways; mouth. |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Scarlet Letter | Hawthorne, Nathaniel | He now drew back, with a long respiration. |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | Their breath, beneath that veil, is like some indescribable, tragic respiration of death itself. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Respiration may be affected in the later stages of these diseases. (references) | |
At high doses of PCP, there is a drop in blood pressure, pulse rate, and respiration. (references) | ||
The brainstem controls many of our vital functions, such as respiration and heartbeat. (references) | ||
Economic History | Korea | Products that present the best export prospects for U.S. exporters include various high-tech medical products, including sterilizers, rehabilitation equipment, respiration equipment, orthopedic joints, diagnostic ultrasound scanners, magnetic resonance imaging systems, patient monitors, computer tomography scanners, catheters, artificial kidneys and dialysis machines, suture, suture needles, general surgical instruments, operation tables, ophthalmic equipment, endoscopes, intraocular lenses, artificial heart valves and dental equipment and supplies. (references) |
Travel | Bolivia | This medication inhibits the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, has a slight diuretic effect, and stimulates respiration. (references) |
Mexico | Upon arrival in Mexico City, the sensation of increased respiration, rapid heart rate, and mild dizziness are normal adaptive processes. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | HOMILETICS, n. The science of adapting sermons to the spiritual needs, capacities and conditions of the congregation. So skilled the parson was in homiletics That all his normal purges and emetics To medicine the spirit were compounded With a most just discrimination founded Upon a rigorous examination Of tongue and pulse and heart and respiration. Then, having diagnosed each one's condition, His scriptural specifics this physician Administered -- his pills so efficacious And pukes of disposition so vivacious That souls afflicted with ten kinds of Adam Were convalescent ere they knew they had 'em. But Slander's tongue -- itself all coated -- uttered Her bilious mind and scandalously muttered That in the case of patients having money The pills were sugar and the pukes were honey. Biography of Bishop Potter |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Respiration" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Respiration" is used about 125 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 125 | 28,650 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes names derived from the word "respiration". | |||
| Name | Gender | Language | Meaning |
| Ishbi-benob | N/A | Biblical | Respiration |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references.
| |||
Expressions using "respiration": aerobic respiration ♦ appliance for artificial respiration ♦ artificial respiration ♦ artificial respiration apparatus ♦ breathing respiration ♦ Cavernous respiration ♦ cell respiration ♦ cellular respiration ♦ Cheyne-Stokes Respiration ♦ external respiration ♦ give artificial respiration to ♦ internal respiration ♦ mouth to mouth respiration ♦ Positive-Pressure Respiration ♦ rate of respiration ♦ Respiration Disorders ♦ respiration rate ♦ respiration zone ♦ Sighing respiration. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "respiration": respiration-weight. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "respiration"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Afrikaan | ademhaling. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | frymëmarrje dhe frymënxjerrje, frymëmarrje (aspiration, breath, breathing, wind). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | نفس روح (mind, psyche, soul, spirit), تنفس (aspiration, breath, breathe, breathing, inhale, respire, sniff). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | дъх (aroma, blowing, breath, puff, savor, savour, tincture, tinge, wind), дишане (aspiration, breath, breathing, wind). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Catalan | respiració. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 呼吸作". (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | dech (breath, wind), dýchání (breathing). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | åndedræt (breath, breathing). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | ademhaling (breathing), respiratie (breathing). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Esperanto | spirado. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Farsi | تنفس (Intake, Recess), دم زنی (Snuff). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | hengitys (breath, breathing). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | respiration (respire). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Frisian | sykheljen. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | Atmung (breathing, Kussmaul respiration), Respiration (breathing). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | αναπνοή (breath, breathing). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | " שמ" (artificial respiration), שימ" (breath, breathing, wind), פש (breath, life, mind, person, psyche, soul, spirit). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | légzés, lélegzetvétel (intake of breath), lélegzés (breathing), belehelés (inhalation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | pernapasan (breathing, inhalation), pernafasan (breathing). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | respirazione (breathing). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 息遣い (breathing), 呼吸 (breath). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | いきづかい (breathing), "きゅう (breath, Chinese fiddle, fiddle, old acquaintance). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 호흡 (Breathing, Respirable, respiratory). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | tayrn ennal (breathe, breathing, respire). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Papiamen | aliento (breath). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | espirationray respiração (breath, breathing, inspirator, puff, wind). (various references) respiração. (various references) respiraţie (breath, breathing, wind). (various references) дыхание (blowing, breath, breathing, flatus, wind). (various references) disanje (breath, breathing). (various references) respiración (breath, breathing). (various references) andning (aspiration, breathing, wind). (various references) teneffüs (break, pause, playtime, recreation, slack), solunum (respiratory), nefes alma (aspiration, breath, breathing, inspiration, suspiration, taking a breath). (various references) дихання (breath, breathing, wind). (various references) sự thở (breathing), sự hô hấp hơi thở. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | respiratio. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "respiration": respirations. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "respiration": photorespiration. (additional references) | |
Words containing "respiration": photorespirations. (additional references) | |
| |
"Respiration" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: esperation, prespiration, raspiration, resperation, respirate, respitation, respization. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "respiration" (pronounced re'sperā"shun) |
| 8 | -e' s p er ā" sh u n | desperation. |
| 7 | -s p er ā" sh u n | aspiration, exasperation, expiration, inspiration, perspiration. |
| 6 | -p er ā" sh u n | cooperation, corporation, evaporation, incorporation, operation, preparation, recuperation, reincorporation, reparation, separation. |
| 5 | -er ā" sh u n | aberration, acceleration, admiration, adoration, agglomeration, alteration, amelioration, cogeneration, collaboration, coloration, commemoration, confederation, configuration, conglomeration, consideration, corroboration, deceleration, declaration, decoration, degeneration, deliberation, discoloration, elaboration, enumeration, exaggeration, exhilaration, exoneration, exploration, federation, figuration, generation, inauguration, incarceration, laceration, liberation, maturation, moderation, nonproliferation, perforation, proliferation, reconfiguration, reconsideration, redecoration, refrigeration, regeneration, reinvigoration, reiteration, remuneration, restoration, reverberation, saturation, toleration. |
| 4 | -ā" sh u n | abbreviation, abdication, abomination, abrogation, acclimation, accommodation, accreditation, accumulation, accusation, acidification, activation, adaptation, adjudication, administration, adulation, advocation, affectation, affiliation, affirmation, aggravation, agitation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, allocation, alphabetization, altercation, amalgamation, amortization, amplification, amputation, animation, annexation, annihilation, annotation, anticipation, antidiscrimination, appellation, application, appreciation, approbation, appropriation, approximation, arbitration, argumentation, articulation, assassination, assimilation, association, augmentation, authentication, authorization, automation, aviation, avocation, balkanization, bifurcation, calculation, calibration, cancellation, cannibalization, capitalization, capitulation, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, celebration, centralization, certification, cessation, cetacean, characterization, citation, civilization, clarification, classification, coagulation, codification, cogitation, cohabitation, collectivization, colonization, colorization, combination, commendation, commercialization, communication, communization, compensation, compilation, complication, computation, computerization, concatenation, concentration, conciliation, condemnation, condensation, confabulation, confirmation, confiscation, conflagration, confrontation, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, connotation, consecration, conservation, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, consultation, consummation, contamination, contemplation, continuation, conversation, convocation, coordination, coronation, correlation, creation, cremation, criminalization, crustacean, culmination, cultivation, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, decapitation, decentralization, decertification, decontamination, decriminalization, dedication, defamation, deflation, deforestation, deformation, degradation, dehumanization, dehydration, deification, deinstitutionalization, delegation, delineation, demarcation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demodulation, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, denationalization, denomination, denuclearization, denunciation, depopulation, deportation, depravation, depreciation, depredation, deprivation, deregulation, derivation, desalination, desalinization, desecration, desegregation, desiccation, designation, desolation, destabilization, destination, determination, detonation, detoxication, detoxification, devaluation, devastation, deviation, dictation, differentiation, dilatation, dilation, discontinuation, discrimination, disembarkation, disinclination, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, dislocation, disorganization, disorientation, dispensation, disputation, disqualification, dissemination, dissertation, dissipation, dissociation, distillation, diversification, divination, documentation, domestication, domination, donation, dramatization, duplication, duration, echolocation, edification, education, ejaculation, elation, electrification, elevation, elimination, elongation, emanation, emancipation, embarkation, emigration, emulation, equalization, equitation, equivocation, eradication, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evocation, exacerbation, examination, excavation, excitation, exclamation, excommunication, exfoliation, exhalation, exhortation, exhumation, expatriation, expectation, experimentation, explanation, explication, exploitation, expropriation, extermination, extrapolation, fabrication, facilitation, falsification, fascination, fermentation, fertilization, fibrillation, filtration, fixation, flirtation, flotation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formation, formulation, fortification, foundation, fragmentation, frustration, fumigation, gasification, gastrulation, generalization, gentrification, germination, gestation, glaciation, globalization, glorification, gradation, graduation, granulation, gratification, gravitation, gyration, habitation, hallucination, harmonization, hesitation, hibernation, hospitalization, humiliation, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, identification, illumination, illustration, imagination, imitation, immigration, immunization, impersonation, implantation, implementation, implication, importation, impregnation, improvisation, imputation, inactivation, incantation, incapacitation, incarnation, inclination, incoordination, incrimination, incrustation, incubation, indemnification, indentation, indexation, indication, indignation, indoctrination, industrialization, infatuation, infestation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, information, inhabitation, inhalation, initiation, innovation, inoculation, insemination, insinuation, installation, instigation, institutionalization, instrumentation, insubordination, insulation, integration, intensification, internationalization, interpretation, interrogation, intimation, intimidation, intonation, intoxication, inundation, invalidation, investigation, invitation, invocation, ionization, irradiation, irrigation, irritation, isolation, jubilation, justification, lactation, legalization, legislation, levitation, liberalization, libration, ligation, limitation, liquidation, litigation, localization, location, lubrication, machination, magnetization, magnification, malformation, manifestation, manipulation, marginalization, masturbation, maximization, mechanization, mediation, medication, meditation, menstruation, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misallocation, misapplication, misappropriation, miscalculation, mischaracterization, miscommunication, miscreation, misidentification, misinformation, misinterpretation, misrepresentation, mitigation, mobilization, modernization, modification, modulation, molestation, monopolization, motivation, multiplication, mummification, mutation, mutilation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, navigation, negation, negotiation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nondiscrimination, normalization, notation, notification, nucleation, nullification, obfuscation, obligation, observation, occupation, optimization, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, orientation, origination, ornamentation, oscillation, ossification, ostentation, ovation, overpopulation, overregulation, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pacification, pagination, palpitation, participation, pasteurization, penetration, permutation, perpetuation, personalization, personification, perturbation, pigmentation, plantation, polarization, politicization, pollination, pontification, popularization, population, precipitation, predestination, prefabrication, premeditation, preoccupation, presentation, preservation, pressurization, privation, privatization, probation, proclamation, procrastination, procreation, profanation, prognostication, pronunciation, propagation, proration, prostration, protestation, provocation, publication, punctuation, purification, qualification, quantification, quotation, radiation, radicalization, ramification, ratification, rationalization, reaffirmation, realization, reallocation, reauthorization, recalculation, recantation, recapitalization, recertification, recitation, reclamation, reclassification, recommendation, reconciliation, reconfirmation, recreation, recrimination, rectification, rededication, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reforestation, reformation, refutation, regimentation, registration, regulation, rehabilitation, rehydration, reincarnation, reinterpretation, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, relocation, remediation, renationalization, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reorganization, repatriation, replication, representation, repudiation, reputation, reregulation, reservation, resignation, resuscitation, retaliation, retardation, reunification, revaluation, revelation, revitalization, revocation, rotation, rumination, salvation, sanctification, sanitation, saponification, securitization, sedation, sedimentation, segmentation, segregation, sensation, sequestration, simplification, simulation, situation, socialization, solicitation, sophistication, specialization, specification, speculation, stabilization, stagflation, stagnation, standardization, starvation, station, sterilization, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, subordination, subsidization, substantiation, suburbanization, suffocation, summation, superstation, syndication, tabulation, taxation, telecommunication, temptation, termination, titillation, transformation, transillumination, translation, transplantation, transportation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, undervaluation, unification, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vacation, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, vaporization, variation, vegetation, ventilation, verification, vibration, victimization, vilification, vindication, violation, visitation, visualization, vocation, vulgarization, westernization. |
| 3 | -sh u n | abduction, abolition, abortion, absolution, absorption, abstraction, academician, accession, accretion, acquisition, action, addiction, addition, admission, admonition, adoption, advection, affection, affliction, aggression, alliteration, alternation, ambition, ammunition, antiabortion, anticorruption, apparition, apportion, apprehension, ascension, ashen, assertion, assumption, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, beautician, benediction, brutalization, caption, carburetion, caution, circulation, circumspection, clinician, coalition, coercion, cognition, collection, commission, commotion, compassion, competition, completion, complexion, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, conception, conceptualization, concession, concoction, concussion, condescension, condition, conduction, confection, confession, conjunction, connection, conniption, conscription, constitution, constriction, construction, consumption, contention, contortion, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conviction, convolution, convulsion, correction, corruption, counterrevolution, crucifixion, cushion, deception, decimation, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, deduction, defection, definition, deletion, demolition, demotion, dentition, depiction, depletion, deposition, depression, dereliction, description, desertion, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, devolution, devotion, diction, dietitian, diffraction, digression, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, disconnection, discretion, discussion, disinfection, disposition, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissension, dissolution, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, dysfunction, edition, egyptian, ejection, election, electrician, electrocution, elocution, emission, emotion, emulsion, encryption, erection, erudition, eruption, eviction, evolution, exaction, exception, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exhibition, expansion, expedition, exposition, expression, expulsion, extension, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, faction, fashion, fiction, fission, flexion, formalization, fraction, freshen, friction, fruition, function, gentian, geriatrician, gumption, hessian, homogenization, hypertension, hypotension, ignition, impassion, imperfection, imposition, impression, inaction, inception, incineration, indiscretion, induction, infarction, infection, inflection, infliction, infraction, inhibition, injection, injunction, inquisition, inscription, insertion, inspection, institution, instruction, insurrection, interaction, interception, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, interruption, intersection, introduction, introspection, intuition, invention, junction, jurisdiction, juxtaposition, lilliputian, liposuction, liquefaction, locomotion, logician, lotion, magician, malfunction, malnutrition, mansion, martian, mathematician, mention, midsection, misapprehension, misconception, misimpression, misperception, mission, mortician, motion, munition, musician, nonaggression, nonfiction, nonprescription, notion, nutrition, objection, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, ocean, omission, opposition, oppression, optician, option, overconsumption, overexpansion, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, oversimplification, partition, passion, patrician, pediatrician, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, permission, persecution, petition, physician, politician, pollution, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, preconception, precondition, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, preemption, preignition, premonition, prescription, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, procession, production, profession, progression, prohibition, projection, promotion, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, protection, ration, reaction, reassertion, reception, recession, recognition, recollection, recondition, reconstruction, redefinition, redemption, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reflection, regression, reimposition, reinspection, reintegration, reintroduction, reinvention, rejection, remission, rendition, repercussion, repetition, reposition, repossession, repression, reproduction, requisition, resolution, restitution, restriction, resumption, resurrection, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, sanction, satisfaction, secession, secretion, section, sedition, seduction, selection, session, solution, statistician, submission, subscription, subsection, substation, substitution, subtraction, succession, suction, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, tactician, technician, tension, theoretician, titian, traction, tradition, transaction, transcription, transection, transgression, transition, transmission, tuition, venetian, volition, workstation. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-e-i-i-n-o-p-r-r-s-t" | |
-1 letter: inspirator, pretorians. | |
-2 letters: atropines, interiors, patronise, pretorian, pretrains, priorates, serration, terrapins, topiaries, transpire. | |
-3 letters: airports, airstrip, anterior, antrorse, atropine, atropins, inertias, inspirer, interior, introrse, notaries, operants, painters, paintier, pantries, parities, partiers, partners, pertains, pierrots, pinaster, pointers, pointier, porniest, praetors, prairies, pretrain, printers, priorate, priories, prisoner, pristane, pristine, pronates, prorates, proteans, proteins, rainiest, rarities. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-e-i-i-n-o-p-r-r-s-t" | |
+1 letter: partitioners, perspiration, prehistorian, proteinurias, repartitions, respirations. | |
+2 letters: perspirations, practitioners, prehistorians, repatriations. | |
+3 letters: expropriations, peregrinations, prefigurations, preordinations, pressurization, prevarications, proletarianise, proliferations, reciprocations, reimportations, repristination, ultraprecision. | |
+4 letters: antiprogressive, intercomparison, interoperatives, interpretations, paranormalities, prefabrications, preformationist, preregistration, preservationist, pressurizations, preterminations, proletarianised, proletarianises, proletarianizes, repolarizations, repristinations, ultraprecisions. | |
+5 letters: depressurization, disproportionate, intercomparisons, malpractitioners, microsporangiate, neuropsychiatric, nonproprietaries, parametrizations, photorespiration, praiseworthiness, preformationists, preregistrations, preservationists, proletarianising, radioprotections, reincorporations, reprivatizations, supernormalities, superromanticism, trifluoperazines. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)52 65 73 70 69 72 61 74 69 6F 6E |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references).-. . ... .--. .. .-. .- - .. --- -. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01010010 01100101 01110011 01110000 01101001 01110010 01100001 01110100 01101001 01101111 01101110 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)R e s p i r a t i o n |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0052 0065 0073 0070 0069 0072 0061 0074 0069 006F 006E |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)5271858275846786758180 |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Modern 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Slideshow 6. Images: Photo Album 7. Sounds 8. Quotations: Fiction | 9. Quotations: Non-fiction 10. Usage Frequency 11. Names: Derived from 12. Expressions | 13. Expressions: Internet 14. Translations: Modern 15. Translations: Ancient 16. Derivations | 17. Rhymes 18. Anagrams 19. Orthography 20. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
