Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: REFRACTED |
REFRACTEDAdjective1. Turned from a direct course by refraction; as, refracted rays of light. 2. Bent backward angularly, as if half-broken; as, a refracted stem or leaf. Imperative & past participle1. Of Refract |
Date "REFRACTED" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1321. (references) |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Refraction is the change in direction of a wave due to a change in velocity. It happens when waves travel from a medium with a given refractive index to a medium with another. At the boundary between the media the wave changes direction, its wavelength increases or decreases but frequency remains constant. For example, a light ray will refract as it passes through glass; understanding of this concept led to the invention of the refracting telescope.
Water waves refracting in a Ripple tank In the diagram on the right, ripples travel from the right and pass over a shallower region inclined at an angle to the wavefront. The waves travel more slowly in the shallower water, so the wavelength decreases and the wave bends at the boundary. The dotted line represents the normal to the boundary. The dashed line represents the original direction of the waves. The phenomenon explains why waves on a shoreline never hit the shoreline at an angle. Whichever direction the waves travel in in deep water, they always refract towards the normal as they enter the shallower water near the beach.
An example of this is looking into a bowl of water. Air has a refractive index of just over 1, and water has a refractive index of about 1.3. If you look at a straight object, such as a ruler, which is placed at a slant, partially in the water, the object appears to bend at the water's surface. This is due to the light rays from the object being bent as they move from the water to the air.This causes water to appear shallower than it really is.
In the diagram the dark rectangle represents the actual position of a pencil sitting in a bowl of water. The light rectangle represents the apparent position of the pencil. Notice that the end (X) looks like it is at (Y), a position that is considerably shallower than (X).
Refraction is also responsible for rainbows and for splitting up of white light into a rainbow-spectrum as it passes through a glass prism. Glass has a higher refractive index than air and the different frequencies of light travel at different speeds (dispersion), causing them to be refracted at different angles. The different frequencies correspond to different colours observed.
The amount that the light bends during refraction is calculated using Snell's law.
Recently some materials have been created which have a negative index of refraction
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Refraction."
Crosswords: REFRACTED |
| English words defined with "REFRACTED": Angle of refraction ♦ Caustic curve ♦ Diacaustic, Diacoustic, Diaphonics ♦ Irrefrangible ♦ optic axis ♦ Plane of refraction, Positive crystals, principal axis ♦ Reflected vision, Refractable, Refracted vision, Refracting angle of a prism, Refrangible, Retrofracted ♦ twilight ♦ Virtual focus. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "REFRACTED": anomalous propagation, axial angle ♦ Brewster law, Brewster's law, broadside shooting ♦ critical distance, curved-path error ♦ elastic discontinuity ♦ playback operator, polarizing prism, profile shooting ♦ refracted near-field method, refracted ray ♦ schlieren photography, SECTION-PLOTTER OPERATOR, seismic method, sound channel ♦ time-distance graph ♦ ultrasonic inspection. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Lyrics | IF I SPLIT LIKE LIGHT REFRACTED (DON'T GET ME WRONG; performing artist: The Pretenders) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title |
Books | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
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| "Refraction 2" by Marcel Hol Commentary: "Refracted sunlight shining through a glass (creating a 'shadow of light')." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. |
| "REFRACTED" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 44.83% of the time. "REFRACTED" is used about 29 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 44.83% | 13 | 97,576 |
| Lexical Verb (past participle) | 37.93% | 11 | 106,044 |
| Lexical Verb (past tense) | 17.24% | 5 | 157,705 |
| Total | 100.00% | 29 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "REFRACTED": be refracted ♦ refracted ray ♦ refracted ray method ♦ refracted vision ♦ refracted wave. Additional references. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. |
| Language | Translations for "REFRACTED"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Chinese | 折射 (refract, Refracting, refraction, refractive). (various references) | |
Danish | refrakteret nærfeltsmetode (refracted near-field method), primærbølge (conical wave, head waves, refracted wave, von Schmidt wave), brudt nærfeltsmetode (refracted near-field method), brudt lysstråle metode (refracted ray method), brudt lysstråle (refracted ray), brudt boelge (refracted wave), brudt bølge (conical wave, head waves, refracted wave, von Schmidt wave), analysemetode for nærfeldsbrydning (refracted near-field scanning method). (various references) | |
Dutch | gebroken-straal-methode (refracted ray method), gebroken-straalmethode (refracted near-field method), gebroken straal (refracted ray), gebroken nabij-veld-methode (refracted near-field scanning method), gebroken nabij-veldmethode (refracted near-field method), gebroken golf (refracted wave), eerste golven (conical wave, head waves, refracted wave, von Schmidt wave). (various references) | |
Finnish | taittunut aalto (refracted wave), taittuneen lähikentän menetelmä (refracted near-field method), taittua (be broken, be refracted, break), johtoaalto (conical wave, head waves, refracted wave, von Schmidt wave). (various references) | |
French | rayon réfracté (refracted ray), ondes arrivant les premières (refracted wave), onde réfractée (refracted wave), méthode du rayon réfracté (refracted ray method), méthode du champ proche réfracté (refracted near-field method), méthode d'analyse de réfraction en champ proche (refracted near-field scanning method). (various references) | |
German | gebrochen (bleeding, broken, brokenly, crushed, fractional, fractured, ruptured). (various references) | |
Greek | κύματα πρώτης άφιξης (conical wave, head waves, refracted wave, von Schmidt wave), μέθοδος σάρωσης διαθλώμενου κοντινού πεδίου (refracted near-field scanning method), μέθοδος διαθλώμενης ακτίνας (refracted ray method), μέθοδος διαθλώμενου εγγύς πεδίου (refracted near-field method), περιθλόμενο κύμα (refracted wave), διαθλώμενη ακτίνα (refracted ray), διαθλώμενο κύμα (refracted wave), διαθλασμένο κύμα (refracted wave). (various references) | |
Hungarian | megtört (broken, gambrel roof, lack-lustre, shattered). (various references) | |
Italian | incolto (barbaric, fallow, illiterate, illiterately, neglected, uncultivated, uneducated, unkempt, unlettered, unschooled, waste, wild). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | efractedray.(various references) | |
Portuguese | raio refractado (refracted ray), onda refractada (refracted wave), método do raio refractado (refracted ray method), método do campo próximo refractado (refracted near-field method), método de exploração de refracção no campo próximo (refracted near-field scanning method). (various references) | |
Russian | преломлять преломленный. (various references) | |
Spanish | baldío (untilled, waste, waste land). (various references) | |
Swedish | refraktiv närfältsmetod (refracted near-field scanning method, refracted ray method), refraktionsnärfältsmetoden (refracted near-field method), först anlända våg (conical wave, head waves, refracted wave, von Schmidt wave), bryta (be refracted, break, break open, cut off, diverge, fold, fracture, infract, infringe, kill, mine, modify, quarry, refract, violate), bruten våg (refracted wave), bruten stråle (refracted ray). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Misspellings | |
"REFRACTED" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: refronted. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-d-e-e-f-r-r-t" | |
-1 letter: cratered, raftered, recrated, retraced, terraced. | |
-2 letters: catered, caterer, cerated, crafted, created, defacer, draftee, drafter, faceted, ferrate, fracted, reacted, recrate, redraft, refaced, refract, retrace, retread, terrace, treader. | |
-3 letters: afreet, carder, career, carted, carter, cerate, crated, crater, create, dafter, darter, deafer, dearer, decare, deface, defeat, defect, defter, derate, ecarte, facete, farced, farcer, feared, fearer, feater. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-d-e-e-f-r-r-t" | |
+4 letters: cotransferred, prefabricated, thenceforward. | |
+5 letters: diffractometer, remanufactured, thenceforwards. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Modern 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Slideshow 6. Images: Digital Art 7. Usage Frequency 8. Expressions | 9. Translations: Modern 10. Derivations 11. Anagrams 12. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
