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Definition: Reading |
ReadingNoun1. The cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message; "he enjoys reading books". 2. The data presented to a user by a meter or similar instrument; "he could not believe the meter reading". 3. A particular interpretation or performance; "on that reading it was an insult"; "he was famous for his reading of Mozart". 4. Written material intended to be read; "the teacher assigned new readings"; "he bought some reading material at the airport". 5. A mental representation of the meaning or significance of something. 6. A city on the River Thames in Berkshire in southern England. 7. A public instance of reciting or repeating something prepared; "the program included songs and recitations of well-loved poems". 8. The act of measuring with meters or similar instruments; "he has a job meter reading for the gas company". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "reading" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1258. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Satire | READING, n. The general body of what one reads. In our country it consists, as a rule, of Indiana novels, short stories in "dialect" and humor in slang. We know by one's reading His learning and breeding; By what draws his laughter We know his Hereafter. Read nothing, laugh never -- The Sphinx was less clever! Jupiter Muke. Source: Devil's Dictionary. |
Computing | Obtaining of data from a storage device, from a data medium, or from another source. Source: European Union. (references) |
Dream Interpretation | To be engaged in reading in your dreams, denotes that you will excel in some work, which appears difficult. To see others reading, denotes that your friends will be kind, and are well disposed. To give a reading, or to discuss reading, you will cultivate your literary ability. Indistinct, or incoherent reading, implies worries and disappointments. Source: Ten Thousand Dreams Interpreted .... |
Electrical Engineering | The displayed number that is proportional to the measured magnitude of the input signal. Source: European Union. (references) |
| The action of generating output information corresponding to the stored information. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Law | Presentation of a bill before the house by reading the title thereof. A bill is either in first, second, or third reading until it is passed by both houses. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
simple:Reading This article is about reading the activity. For the English town, see Reading, England, for other places see Reading (disambiguation). Reading is the process of retrieving some form of stored information or ideas. These are usually some sort of representation of language, as symbols to be examined by sight, or by touch (for example Braille). Other types of reading may not be language-based, such as music notation or pictograms. By analogy, in computer science, reading is acquiring of data from some sort of computer storage.Reading by humans is mostly done from paper, but other media are used, such as carved stone, chalk on blackboard: anything that can hold a mark. More recently these include computer displays, television and other displays in devices such as mobile phones.
The process of recording information to later be read is writing. In the case of computer and microfiche storage there is the separate step of displaying the written text. For humans reading is usually faster and easier than writing.
Reading is typically an individual activity, although on occasion a person will read out loud for the benefit of other listeners. Reading aloud for one's own use, for better concentration, is a form of intrapersonal communication.
Literacy is the ability to read and write; illiteracy is usually caused by not having had the opportunity to learn these. Apart from that, sufferers of dyslexia have difficulty reading and/or writing.
About acquiring reading skill, see Reading education.
Learning to read in a language other than your native one, especially in adulthood, may be a rather different process from learning to read your native language in childhood. For this, see English as an additional language.
Proofreading is a kind of reading for the purpose of detecting typographical errors.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Reading."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Reading is an activity.Reading is the name of several places:
Other places that include the name:
- Reading, England
- Reading, Kansas
- Reading, Massachusetts
- Reading, Michigan
- Reading, Ohio
- Reading, Pennsylvania
- Reading, Vermont
There are also, with a slightly different spelling:
- North Reading, Massachusetts
- Port Reading, New Jersey
- Reading Township, Michigan
- Reading Township, Pennsylvania
- West Reading, Pennsylvania
- Redding, California
- Redding, Connecticut
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Reading (disambiguation)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
There are basically two different common methods of teaching reading.A "look say" method introduces rigidly selected vocabularies in progressive texts. Students memorize the appearance of words, or learn to recognize words by looking at the first and last letter. Students taught to read by the "look say" method are not taught to pronounce new words. It is known that "look say" students do not naturally learn to spell or write unless explicitly taught. However, they can learn the 5,000 most common words in roughly three years. This is sufficient for basic literacy. The classic implementation of this approach was the McGill reading curriculum used to teach most baby boomers to read in the U.S.
"Look say" is the same method used to acquire literacy in languages such as Chinese, based on ideograms.
A "phonetic" method teaches sounds to be associated with letters and combinations of letters. Students memorize these associations. They learn to sound out and then blend sound combinations to produce words. This method requires direct teaching of "sounding out" methods, and memorization of pronunciation rules. The most perfect phonetic system is Orton phonography, originally developed to teach brain-damaged adults to read. Orton described 73 "phonograms", or letter combinations, and 23 rules for spelling and pronunciation. By following these rules one can correctly pronounce and spell all but 123 of the 13,000 most common English words.
Advocates of "look say" teaching argue that it is the method used by literate adults to read all familiar words. Also the method is said to be easy to teach, and pleasant for students. Critics charge that a "look say" student can only speak and spell words that they have been taught, therefore, the critic says, they are permanently crippled when compared to phonetically-taught students. Also, it is established that this method requires an expensive set of textbooks for each student. It is therefore very popular with textbook companies. Critics have charged that for this reason, book companies may have found methods to biase experts and institutions to favor this method.
Advocates of phonetics cite the large reading and spelling vocabulary that phonetic students can theoretically obtain. However, critics of phonetic methods talk of students that fail at each one of the method's many mandatory skills. Almost all students learn letter-sounds. Many students find it difficult to "blend" the letter sounds to produce sensible speech. Some students also fail to apply rules to select letter sounds. Also, critics charge that in phonetic programs, students can learn to pronounce a sentence without ever learning to understand it. The same, of course, holds true for "look say".
In practice, the most successful reading programs combine elements of both. For example, the extremely popular book, Teach Your Child to Read in 100 Easy Lessons, by Siegfried Engelman, et al. (ISBN 0-671-63198-5), teaches pronunciation and simple phonetics, then supplements it with progressive texts and practice in directed reading. The end result of a mixed method is a casually phonetic student, a much better first-time pronouncer and speller, who still also has look-say acquisition, quick fluency and comprehension. Using an eclectic method, students can select their preferred learning style. This lets all students make progress, yet permits a motivated student to use and recognize the best traits of each method.
Speed reading continues where basic education stops, and teaches the student to read multiple words at once, even whole pages at once. Usually after some practice reading speed can be increased fivefold. At this speed, it is necessary to stop any "talk to myself" action in your brain, because this would slow you down. There are various speedreading techniques. Hopify is a GPL tool to practice speedreading.
Readability indicates the ease of understanding or comprehension due to the syle of writing.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Reading education."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Reading is a borough in Berkshire on the south bank of the River Thames, halfway between London and Oxford. Population 143,000 (1996), 203,000 (estimate). It was one of the county towns of Berkshire. Its name is pronounced to rhyme with bedding. The town of Caversham which is part of the borough lies on the north bank of the river, in the historical county of Oxfordshire.
History
The settlement was founded at the confluence of the Thames and the Kennet in the 8th century as Readingum. The name is most likely from the Anglo-Saxon for "(Place of) Readda's People", or (less probably) the Celtic Rhydd-Inge, "Ford over the River". It was occupied by the Vikings in 871 but had recovered sufficiently by its 1086 listing to contain around 600 people and be made a designated borough.
Reading Abbey was founded by Henry I in 1121. He was buried there as were part of Empress Maud, Prince William the Count of Poitiers, Princess Constance of York, and Princess Isabella of Cornwall among others. The abbey was one of the pilgrimage centres of medieval England, it held over 230 relics including the hand of St. James. The abbey was largely destoyed in 1538 during the dissolution and Henry VIII had the abbot, Hugh Cook Faringdon, hanged.
By the end of the 16th century it was the largest town in Berkshire, home to over 3,000 people. The town played an important role during the English Civil War, it changed hands a number of times, and despite its fortifications the longest siege was only ten days in April 1643. Reading was also the only site of significant fighting in England during the Glorious Revolution of 1688.
In 1801, the population of Reading was about 9,400. During the 19th century Reading grew rapidly as a manufacturing centre - in 1851 the population was 21,500 and by 1900 it was 59,000 - large sections of the housing in Reading are terraced, reflecting its 19th-century growth. From 1832 the town returned two MPs. A town council was introduced in 1839. The railway arrived in 1841, with a second system connecting in 1849. The town was given county borough status in 1887. The town was been famous for beer (1785-1980, India Pale Ale was invented in Reading), bulbs (1807-1976, plant), or biscuit (1822-1977) production, the "Three Bs". In the 19th century the town also made 'Reading Sauce'.
The town continued to expand in the 20th century, this can be seen in the smear of 1920s semi-detached properties and the 1950s expansion that joined Woodley, Earley and Tilehurst into Reading. Large employers in the area now include Microsoft, Hewlett Packard and Oracle as well as the Prudential and Gillette. It annexed Caversham to the north of the river.
Things
The University of Reading was established in 1892, affiliated to Oxford University. It was chartered as an independent university in 1926.
The town and surrounding area was formerly a district of Berkshire, but became a unitary authority area in 1998. The council has made several applications for city status, but so far these have all been rejected.
Reading School, founded in 1125, is the tenth oldest school in England. It is based in Victorian buildings designed by Alfred Waterhouse on Erleigh Road.
Reading F.C, formerly based at Elm Park, have since 1998 been in their new 24,200 capacity all-seater Madejski Stadium. They are nicknamed the Royals (previously known as the Biscuitmen).
Oscar Wilde wrote "The Ballad of Reading Gaol"; he was imprisoned there from 1895 to 1897. The former prison is now used as a remand centre.
External link
- Reading Borough Council
- University of Reading
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Reading, England."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Reading is a city located in Lyon County, Kansas. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 247.Geography
Reading is located at 38°31'9" North, 95°57'33" West (38.519102, -95.959091)1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.5 km² (0.2 mi²). 0.5 km² (0.2 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water.Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there are 247 people, 92 households, and 63 families residing in the city. The population density is 454.1/km² (1,185.3/mi²). There are 108 housing units at an average density of 198.6/km² (518.3/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 97.98% White, 0.40% African American, 0.00% Native American, 0.00% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.00% from other races, and 1.62% from two or more races. 1.62% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 92 households out of which 39.1% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.3% are married couples living together, 7.6% have a female householder with no husband present, and 31.5% are non-families. 26.1% of all households are made up of individuals and 9.8% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.68 and the average family size is 3.29. In the city the population is spread out with 33.2% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 34.4% from 25 to 44, 16.6% from 45 to 64, and 9.3% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 32 years. For every 100 females there are 96.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 108.9 males. The median income for a household in the city is $25,000, and the median income for a family is $29,500. Males have a median income of $18,750 versus $25,536 for females. The per capita income for the city is $11,673. 13.3% of the population and 15.6% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 14.4% are under the age of 18 and 0.0% are 65 or older.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Reading, Kansas."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Reading is a town located in Middlesex County, Massachusetts. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 23,708.Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 25.7 km² (9.9 mi²). None of the area is covered with water.Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there are 23,708 people, 8,688 households, and 6,437 families residing in the town. The population density is 921.8/km² (2,388.3/mi²). There are 8,823 housing units at an average density of 343.1 persons/km² (888.8 persons/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 96.47% White, 0.36% African American, 0.06% Native American, 2.21% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.21% from other races, and 0.65% from two or more races. 0.84% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 8,688 households out of which 36.7% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.5% are married couples living together, 8.3% have a woman whose husband does not live with her, and 25.9% are non-families. 22.4% of all households are made up of individuals and 9.9% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.71 and the average family size is 3.22. In the town the population is spread out with 26.3% under the age of 18, 5.1% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 39 years. For every 100 females there are 93.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 88.3 males. The median income for a household in the town is $77,059, and the median income for a family is $89,076. Males have a median income of $61,117 versus $39,817 for females. The per capita income for the town is $32,888. 2.6% of the population and 1.7% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 2.7% are under the age of 18 and 3.2% are 65 or older.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Reading, Massachusetts."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Reading is a city located in Hillsdale County, Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 1,134.Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.5 km² (1.0 mi²). 2.5 km² (1.0 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water.Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there are 1,134 people, 407 households, and 293 families residing in the city. The population density is 446.8/km² (1,162.3/mi²). There are 432 housing units at an average density of 170.2/km² (442.8/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 98.41% White, 0.00% African American, 0.71% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.18% from other races, and 0.53% from two or more races. 1.32% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 407 households out of which 43.7% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.4% are married couples living together, 15.5% have a female householder with no husband present, and 27.8% are non-families. 23.8% of all households are made up of individuals and 12.0% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.79 and the average family size is 3.25. In the city the population is spread out with 34.4% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 17.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.4% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 30 years. For every 100 females there are 95.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 88.4 males. The median income for a household in the city is $33,750, and the median income for a family is $42,000. Males have a median income of $28,482 versus $23,000 for females. The per capita income for the city is $15,300. 11.8% of the population and 6.7% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 11.4% are under the age of 18 and 17.4% are 65 or older.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Reading, Michigan."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Reading is a town located in Schuyler County, New York. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 1,786.Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 70.5 km² (27.2 mi²). 70.5 km² (27.2 mi²) of it is land and none of the area is covered with water.Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there are 1,786 people, 700 households, and 520 families residing in the town. The population density is 25.3/km² (65.6/mi²). There are 868 housing units at an average density of 12.3/km² (31.9/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 97.26% White, 0.90% African American, 0.39% Native American, 0.39% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.06% from other races, and 0.95% from two or more races. 0.50% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 700 households out of which 29.3% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.1% are married couples living together, 8.7% have a female householder with no husband present, and 25.7% are non-families. 20.9% of all households are made up of individuals and 9.9% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.55 and the average family size is 2.94. In the town the population is spread out with 23.7% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 25.1% from 25 to 44, 27.9% from 45 to 64, and 16.5% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 41 years. For every 100 females there are 99.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 96.1 males. The median income for a household in the town is $38,618, and the median income for a family is $43,681. Males have a median income of $32,963 versus $22,404 for females. The per capita income for the town is $17,814. 7.7% of the population and 4.2% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 12.3% are under the age of 18 and 1.4% are 65 or older.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Reading, New York."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Reading is a city located in Hamilton County, Ohio. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 11,292.Geography
Reading is located at 39°13'22" North, 84°26'21" West (39.222709, -84.439036)1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.6 km² (2.9 mi²). 7.6 km² (2.9 mi²) of it is land and none of the area is covered with water.Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there are 11,292 people, 4,885 households, and 2,921 families residing in the city. The population density is 1,493.1/km² (3,867.6/mi²). There are 5,128 housing units at an average density of 678.1/km² (1,756.4/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 93.69% White, 3.20% African American, 0.16% Native American, 1.18% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.51% from other races, and 1.25% from two or more races. 0.79% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 4,885 households out of which 27.1% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.7% are married couples living together, 11.0% have a female householder with no husband present, and 40.2% are non-families. 34.3% of all households are made up of individuals and 11.8% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.27 and the average family size is 2.96. In the city the population is spread out with 22.5% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 31.1% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 38 years. For every 100 females there are 94.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 91.2 males. The median income for a household in the city is $39,140, and the median income for a family is $51,858. Males have a median income of $35,466 versus $26,250 for females. The per capita income for the city is $23,527. 7.3% of the population and 4.7% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 7.8% are under the age of 18 and 10.2% are 65 or older.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Reading, Ohio."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Reading is the county seat of Berks County, Pennsylvania. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 81,207.The city was famous for the Reading Railroad (for example, see Monopoly game). Overlooking Reading on Mount Penn is a distinctive pagoda, known locally as "The Pagoda" or otherwise as the "Reading Pagoda".
Reading is home to the minor league baseball team, the Reading Phillies and the East Coast Hockey League ice hockey team, the Reading Royals.
The city was the home to the first automobile dealership opened by Mr. H.W. Koler to sell Winton automobiles.
History
In 1743, Richard and Thomas Penn (sons of William Penn) planned the town of Reading. It was established in 1748. Upon creation of Berks County in 1752, the town became the county seat. The Philadelphia and Reading Railroad (P&R) was incorporated in 1833. The city saw continuous growth until the 1930s. From the 1940s to the 1970s, Reading felt a marked downturn in prosperity. In 1973, Hurricane Agnes caused flooding in the city. The Sovereign Center (where the Reading Royals play) was completed in 2001.
Geography
Reading is located at 40°20'30" North, 75°55'35" West (40.341692, -75.926301)1.According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 26.1 km² (10.1 mi²). 25.4 km² (9.8 mi²) of it is land and 0.6 km² (0.2 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 2.39% water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there are 81,207 people, 30,113 households, and 18,429 families residing in the city. The population density is 3,192.9/km² (8,270.2/mi²). There are 34,314 housing units at an average density of 1,349.2/km² (3,494.6/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 59.18% White, 12.25% African American, 0.44% Native American, 1.60% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 22.32% from other races, and 4.18% from two or more races. 37.31% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.There are 30,113 households out of which 33.7% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.4% are married couples living together, 20.2% have a female householder with no husband present, and 38.8% are non-families. 31.7% of all households are made up of individuals and 12.4% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.63 and the average family size is 3.33.
In the city the population is spread out with 29.9% under the age of 18, 11.7% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 17.0% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 31 years. For every 100 females there are 93.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 88.5 males.
The median income for a household in the city is $26,698, and the median income for a family is $31,067. Males have a median income of $28,114 versus $21,993 for females. The per capita income for the city is $13,086. 26.1% of the population and 22.3% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 36.5% are under the age of 18 and 15.6% are 65 or older.
External Link
- http://www.cityofreadingpa.com/ (Official site of Reading)
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Reading, Pennsylvania."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Reading is a town located in Windsor County, Vermont. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 707.Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 107.9 km² (41.7 mi²). 107.5 km² (41.5 mi²) of it is land and 0.4 km² (0.2 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.41% water.Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there are 707 people, 286 households, and 203 families residing in the town. The population density is 6.6/km² (17.0/mi²). There are 407 housing units at an average density of 3.8/km² (9.8/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 98.44% White, 0.42% African American, 0.00% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.00% from other races, and 0.99% from two or more races. 0.99% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 286 households out of which 29.4% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.4% are married couples living together, 8.7% have a female householder with no husband present, and 28.7% are non-families. 22.0% of all households are made up of individuals and 9.1% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.47 and the average family size is 2.87. In the town the population is spread out with 24.0% under the age of 18, 4.5% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 28.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.9% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 41 years. For every 100 females there are 89.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 92.5 males. The median income for a household in the town is $44,306, and the median income for a family is $48,636. Males have a median income of $32,202 versus $25,000 for females. The per capita income for the town is $20,504. 8.1% of the population and 6.2% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 5.4% are under the age of 18 and 6.2% are 65 or older.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Reading, Vermont."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| REBUS | English | Peabody Rebus Reading Program | Education |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: ReadingSynonyms: interpretation (n), meter reading (n), reading material (n), recital (n), recitation (n), version (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Churchdom | Holy orders, ordination,holy orders, ordination, institution, consecration, induction, reading in, preferment, translation, presentation. |
Interpretation | Acception, acceptation, acceptance; light, reading, lection, construction, version. |
Knowledge | Erudition, learning, lore, scholarship, reading, letters; literature; book madness; book learning, bookishness; bibliomania, bibliolatry; information, general information; store of knowledge; education; (teaching); culture, menticulture, attainments; acquirements, acquisitions; accomplishments; proficiency; practical knowledge; (skill); liberal education; dilettantism; rudiments; (beginning). |
Learning | Noun: learning; acquisition of knowledge; acquisition of skill; acquirement, attainment; edification, scholarship, erudition; acquired knowledge, lore, wide information; self-instruction; study, reading, perusal; inquiry. |
School | Pulpit, lectern, soap box desk, reading desk, ambo, lecture room, theater, auditorium, amphitheater, forum, state, rostrum, platform, hustings, tribune. |
Speciality | Noun: {opp. } speciality, specialite; individuality, individuity; particularity, peculiarity; idiocrasy; (tendency); personality, characteristic, mannerism, idiosyncrasy; specificness; Adjective: singularity; (unconformity); reading, version, lection; state; trait; distinctive feature; technicality; differentia. |
Temple | Chancel, quire, choir, nave, aisle, transept, vestry, crypt, golgotha, calvary, Easter sepulcher; stall, pew; pulpit, ambo, lectern, reading desk, confessional, prothesis, credence, baldachin, baldacchino; apse, belfry; chapter house; presbytery; anxious-bench, anxious-seat; diaconicum, jube; mourner's bench, mourner's seat. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Reading |
| English words defined with "reading": Finger reading ♦ meter reading ♦ reading assignment, Reading book, reading clinic, reading desk, Reading glass, reading lamp, reading material, reading room. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "reading": distant reading thermometer ♦ Micronaire reading ♦ Open Reading Frames ♦ Reading for Amendment, Reading Frames, reading gun, Reading Habits, remote reading thermometer ♦ Second Reading File ♦ Third Reading. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "reading": Stundist. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Reading" is also a word in the following language with the English translation in parentheses. Pidgin English (reading). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Now Lina, you've been reading all those fan magazines again (Singin' in the Rain; writing credit: Betty Comden; Adolph Green) I always thought the joy of reading a book is not knowing what happens next (Memento; writing credit: Bo Goldman; Lawrence Hauben) I can sing while I read, I am singing and reading - both (Broadcast News; writing credit: James L. Brooks.) Why am I not reading it (Superman; writing credit: Jerry Siegel; Joe Shuster) Didn't you notice on the plane when you started talking, eventually I started reading the vomit bag (Planes, Trains and Automobiles; writing credit: John Hughes) | |
Lyrics | All the words that I've been reading (The World I Know; performing artist: Collective Soul) Reading books about science and smart stuff (Stole; performing artist: Kelly Rowland) But something always told me they were reading Tommy wrong (Coward of the County; performing artist: Kenny Rogers) Go reading in the Bible (IF YOU WANT TO FIND LOVE; performing artist: Roger) | |
Clever | Be careful about reading health books. You may die of a misprint. (references; author: Mark Twain) Reading the Bible without meditating on it is like trying to eat without swallowing. (references; author: unknown) Far too many people spend their lives reading the menu instead of enjoying the banquet. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Grandpa's Reading Glass (1902) Reading the Proclamation at St. James Palace (1901) Grandma's Reading Glass (1900) Reading Flyer (1897) The Reading Rangers (2001) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References | |||
Books |
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Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
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Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | A laminar airflow unit is a protective covering for people with suppressed immune systems. In this germ-free environment the air flows out one way and the germs cannot re-enter the system. Shown are a nurse and a child inside the protective unit. The nurse is reading to the child. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |  | Pictured is a family scene, with a mother reading a story to several children. She is seated in a rocking chair and they are surrounding her on the floor in a family room setting. These people are part of a Mormon family. The Mormons are presently being studied for their low cancer death rate, well below the national average. Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer). |
 | Lab technicians reading and checking serologies to determine presence of influenza A/NJ/8/76 (Swine Flu) and registering antibody rise to the swine influenza virus during vaccine testing trials. Credit: CDC. |  | Two CDC technicians reading complement-fixation test for serological evidence of infections by suspected viruses. Credit: CDC. |
 | Nine-lens camera fully assembled This camera was designed by Oliver Scott Reading in the early 1930's It was the state-of-the-art aerial camera for many years. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | Oliver Scott Reading with components of nine-lens camera Reassembling camera after Mount Moffat crash. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | "Dr. Wilson and Lieut. Bowers reading the ramp thermometer in the winter night, -40 Fahr. (A flashlight photograph.) In: "Scott's Last Expedition ....", 1913. Dodd, Mead, and Company. New York. Volume I. Page 221. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |  | Reading the reversing thermometers after a Nansen cast Used to compute velocity of sound in seawater. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |
 | Chief Boatwain Nutting reading wire angle during Bongo net tow. Credit: Fisheries. |  | Trish Murphy, formerly of NOAA, takes a secchi depth reading to determine water turbidity and how it relates to the ability of the fish to recognize the sampling gillnets. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
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| "Reading a newspaper" by Ricardo Pacheco Commentary: "Someone reading a newspaper during a silent revolution." | "Reading lamp" by Nick Robinson Commentary: "My reading lamp." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Play | Caption |
 | Flip; flap; flapping; flipping; read; reading; paper; paging; library. |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Author Unknown | Reading the scriptures is an uplifting experience. |
Edward G. Bulwer-Lytton | Reading without purpose is sauntering not exercise. |
John Ruskin | A book worth reading is worth buying. |
Mencius | Extensive reading is a priceless treasure. |
Mortimer J. Adler | Reading is a basic tool in the living of a good life. |
Ralph Waldo Emerson | There is creative reading as well as creative writing. |
Richard Brinsley Sheridan | Easy writings curse is hard reading. |
Sarah Orne Jewett | Tact is after all a kind of mind reading. |
Walter Savage Landor | What is reading, but silent conversation. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | But I have done with expecting any course of steady reading from Emma |
Sylvie and Bruno Concluded | Carroll, Lewis | Both kinds have no doubt served to make the book known, and have helped the reading Public to form their opinions of it. |
A Christmas Carol | Dickens, Charles | The Spirit touched him on the arm, and pointed to his younger self, intent upon his reading. |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | This silence was seasoned with the Lives of the Saints, read in a loud voice from a little reading desk placed at the foot of a crucifix |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | The class must be doing the themes or perhaps Father Arnall was reading a legend out of the book |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | The preacher spread out his hand and looked at his palm as though he were reading a book |
Gulliver's Travels | Swift, Jonathan | But I was soon informed, both by conversation and reading their histories |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | The consequence is, that while he is reading Adam Smith, Ricardo, and Say, he runs his father in debt irretrievably |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Perhaps you need reading glasses. (references) | |
Lip reading or speech reading is another option. (references) | ||
Frequently, there is also an impairment in reading. (references) | ||
Business | He was denied reading material. (references) | |
The average reader spends 25 minutes reading evening dailies. (references) | ||
Reading habits were satisfied by visits to bookstores rather than libraries. (references) | ||
Civil Liberties | Moldova | It was passed on first reading on May 10, but it had not been passed by year's end. (references) |
Ghana | This is a Christian service and includes the recital of The Lord's Prayer, a Bible reading, and a blessing. (references) | |
Turkey | On several occasions in October, police prevented the reading of public statements in protest against U.S.-UK military actions in Afghanistan. (references) | |
Economic History | Croatia | The FIAS report is "must" reading for prospective investors. (references) |
Israel | Israelis are avid newspaper readers, with more than 90% of Israeli adults reading a newspaper at least once a week. (references) | |
Grenada | About 10 Peace Corps volunteers in Grenada teach remedial reading, English-language skills, and vocational training. (references) | |
Human Rights | Cuba | Reading materials, including Bibles, are not allowed in punishment cells. (references) |
Cuba | No reading materials are allowed, and family visits are reduced to 10 minutes from 1 or 2 hours. (references) | |
Seychelles | Family members were allowed monthly visits, and prisoners have access to reading but not writing materials. (references) | |
Political Rights | Liechtenstein | The draft bill, which would increase the executive powers of the monarch, went before Parliament for a first reading in November. (references) |
Liechtenstein | Possible further revisions must be discussed with Prince Hans Adam before the bill moves forward for a second reading in Parliament, which had not happened by year's end. (references) | |
Kazakhstan | At the urging of the OSCE and diplomatic community, the Parliament agreed to remove the reading of the draft from the agenda until after the final meeting and report of the working group. (references) | |
Trade | Ukraine | In July of 2001 the parliament adopted in a first reading a version of the draft tax code. (references) |
Taiwan | A positive development is the proposed Electronic Signature Law, which has passed the first reading by the Legislative Yuan. (references) | |
Travel | Saudi Arabia | Imported and domestic audiovisual media and reading matter are censored. (references) |
Worker Rights | Bulgaria | A proposed amendment to the Penal Code that would have criminalized trafficking for the purposes of forced labor or sexual exploitation was introduced in Parliament in April; however, the proposed legislation was not taken up for a second reading and no further action was taken by year's end. (references) |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | LORE, n. Learning -- particularly that sort which is not derived from a regular course of instruction but comes of the reading of occult books, or by nature. This latter is commonly designated as folk-lore and embraces popularly myths and superstitions. In Baring-Gould's Curious Myths of the Middle Ages the reader will find many of these traced backward, through various people son converging lines, toward a common origin in remote antiquity. Among these are the fables of "Teddy the Giant Killer," "The Sleeping John Sharp Williams," "Little Red Riding Hood and the Sugar Trust," "Beauty and the Brisbane," "The Seven Aldermen of Ephesus," "Rip Van Fairbanks," and so forth. The fable with Goethe so affectingly relates under the title of "The Erl- King" was known two thousand years ago in Greece as "The Demos and the Infant Industry." One of the most general and ancient of these myths is that Arabian tale of "Ali Baba and the Forty Rockefellers." |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Dennis Miller | The Bush administration has given almost carte blanche to the FBI in way of wiretaps and reading e-mails all under the age old rubric that anyone who isn't doing anything wrong should have nothing to hide. |
Jodie Foster | Literature, which I think is really helpful because it's about reading and about reading the text and interpreting it. |
Paul Harvey | Well, maybe I wasn't reading the clock as accurately as you do and I'd wait for the secondhand to get around to where it belonged and finished with good day. |
Robert Novak | There's been a great deal of opposition in the North Carolina legislature over a plan by the University of North Carolina to require reading of a book about the Koran for incoming freshman. |
Trisha Meili | I don't remember what you just described. And in a lot of ways, as you were reading it I thought, I just can't believe that that was me. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Abraham Lincoln | 1861-1865 | As a general rule, I abstain from reading the reports of attacks upon myself, wishing not to be provoked by that to which I can not properly offer an answer. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | Schools are reporting progress in math and reading skills. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | Reading, math, college entrance scores are up. |
George W. Bush | 2001-2005 | Reading is the gateway to knowledge. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Reading" is generally used as a lexical verb (-ing form) -- approximately 45.70% of the time. "Reading" is used about 7,189 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Lexical Verb (-ing form) | 45.7% | 3,286 | 2,905 |
| Noun (singular) | 41.67% | 2,996 | 3,126 |
| Noun (proper) | 12.62% | 907 | 7,899 |
| Total | 100.00% | 7,189 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "reading" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Reading | Last name | 1,000 | 7,579 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| Country | Name |
| USA | Reading Entertainment, Inc. |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
1. Reading, KS (city, FIPS 58600) 2. Reading, MA (CDP, FIPS 56165) 3. Reading, MI (city, FIPS 67500) 4. Reading, MN 5. Reading, OH (city, FIPS 65732) 6. Reading, PA (city, FIPS 63624) 7. Reading, VT |
Expressions using "reading": a man of wide reading ♦ an unopposed second reading ♦ become engrossed in reading ♦ close reading ♦ distant reading thermometer ♦ escape reading ♦ Finger reading ♦ first reading ♦ for home reading ♦ Fore reading ♦ go on reading ♦ Intuitive Aura Reading ♦ light reading ♦ Lip reading ♦ magnetic reading head ♦ map reading ♦ ME reading ♦ meter reading ♦ Micronaire reading ♦ mind reading ♦ muscle reading ♦ next to reading matter ♦ North Reading ♦ of vast reading ♦ Open Reading Frames ♦ optical mark reading ♦ palm reading ♦ photographic reading ♦ play reading ♦ poetry reading ♦ Port Reading ♦ reading accuracy ♦ reading aloud ♦ reading assignment ♦ reading book ♦ reading clinic ♦ reading comprehension ♦ reading desk ♦ Reading frame ♦ Reading Frames ♦ reading from the prophets ♦ reading glass ♦ reading glasses ♦ reading gun ♦ reading Habits ♦ reading hall ♦ reading in ♦ reading knowledge ♦ reading lamp ♦ reading light ♦ reading man ♦ reading mater ♦ reading material ♦ reading matter ♦ reading of a bill ♦ reading of books ♦ reading program ♦ reading rate ♦ reading room ♦ reading session ♦ reading stand ♦ reading teacher ♦ reading through ♦ reading without preparation ♦ remote reading thermometer ♦ required reading ♦ second reading ♦ sight reading ♦ snatchy reading ♦ Soul reading ♦ speech reading ♦ speed reading ♦ spend one's holiday reading ♦ take a reading ♦ teaching reading ♦ West Reading ♦ what is your reading of the facts? ♦ worth reading. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "reading": reading-age, reading-based, reading-centres, reading-desk, reading-glass, reading-glasses, reading-halls, reading-in, reading-it, reading-lamp, reading-lens, reading-level, reading-list, reading-matter, reading-passage, reading-response, reading-room, reading-rooms, reading-scheme, reading-speed, reading-strategies, reading-the, reading-they, Reading-tonbridge, reading-wise. | |
Ending with "reading": book-reading, map-reading, mind-reading, over-reading, palm-reading, pre-reading, proof-reading, re-reading, skim-reading. | |
Containing "reading": direct-reading indicator. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
free tarot reading | 3,309 | summer reading list | 313 |
reading | 3,212 | reading united kingdom | 309 |
reading pennsylvania | 1,948 | reading upgrade | 293 |
tarot reading | 1,778 | guided reading | 291 |
psychic reading | 1,647 | online psychic reading | 286 |
palm reading | 1,410 | reading strategy | 277 |
free psychic reading | 1,349 | reading recovery | 276 |
reading program | 1,256 | live psychic reading | 266 |
tarot card reading | 1,183 | summer reading | 259 |
free tarot card reading | 869 | international reading association | 254 |
wedding reading | 758 | teaching reading | 247 |
reading comprehension | 739 | reading lesson plan | 246 |
reading glasses | 698 | blood pressure reading | 241 |
speed reading | 697 | reading game | 238 |
accurate psychic reading | 592 | reading help | 237 |
reading eagle | 568 | reading skill | 236 |
reading phillies | 408 | clairvoyant psychic reading | 212 |
reading ma | 360 | reading list | 208 |
astrology reading | 359 | reading teacher | 197 |
free online tarot reading | 326 | reading rainbow | 193 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "reading"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | variant teksti, shpjegim (commentary, elucidation, exegesis, exegetics, explanation, explication, exposition, gloss, interpretation, reasoning, Rede), lexim (perusal, read), leksione, kulturë (civilization, cultivation, culture), interpretim (acting, construction, exegesis, exegetics, exposition, interpretation, performance, rendition, version), dije (lore). (various references) | |
Arabic | قراءة (perusal), تفسير (commentary, construction, exegesis, exegetics, explanation, explanatory, explication, layout), تلاوة (recital, recitation), إطلاع (acquaintance, information, initiation), إجتماع لقراءة النصوص الأدبية, درس (case, classes, consideration, din into, elaborate, examine, excogitate, go over, instruction, learn, learning, lecture, lesson, period, profess, read, read up, study, talk over, teach, think out, tutor, view), دراسة الكتب. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | разглеждане на законопроект, четене (read), четиво (reading mater), тълкуване (construction, exegesis, explanation, exposition, gloss, interpretation, note, rendering, translation), вариант на текст (lection), отчитане, начетеност (erudition, letters, scholarship), ерудиция (erudition, knowledge, learning, lore, scholarship), литературно четене, интерпретация (interpretation, rendering, rendition), данни (data, evidence, findings, information, makings, record). (various references) | |
Chinese | 读书. (various references) | |
Czech | recitace (recitation), výklad (commentation, construction, explanation, exposition, interpretation, shop window, version), seètìlost, přednes (diction, elocution, enunciation, execution, recitation), přednáška (lection, lecture, talk), ètení, èetba. (various references) | |
Danish | rettelse i korrekturen, visning (indicated value, shrinkage, wilting, withering), læsning (cargo, loading), korrekturlæsning (proofreading), aflæsning (readout). (various references) | |
Dutch | verbetering der zetfouten, opnemen uit, lezen (read), aflezing (readout). (various references) | |
Esperanto | leginda (worth reading), legaĵo (reading matter), barometra alto (barometer reading, height of the barometer). (various references) | |
Faeroese | lesnaður (reading matter), lesiverdur (worth reading). (various references) | |
Farsi | مطالعه (Perusal, Study), قراءت , خواندن (Intone, Invite, Read, Spell). (various references) | |
Finnish | lukeminen, lukema (readout). (various references) | |
French | lecture (read), explication. (various references) | |
German | Lesung (lesson), lesend (scanning), Lesen (get, glean, harvest, lecture, peruse, pick, pick-up, read, read back, reads, see, to read, to read (read), Anzeige (accusation, ad, advertisement, advertisement (ad), announcement, declaration, display, dump, indexing, indication, indicator, legal proceedings, notice, notification, proclamation, readout, report, statement), Ablesung (readout, sight). (various references) | |
Greek | ανάγνωση (read), διάβασμα (perusal, study). (various references) | |
Hebrew | קריאה (appeal, call, challenge, cry, interjection, proclamation, recitation), פרוש (abstemious, abstinent, chaste, commentary, construction, exegesis, explanation, interpretation, seclusive, self denying), הקראה (recital, recitation), הגיה (enunciation, expression, perusal, pronunciation, study), גרסה (study, text, version). (various references) | |
Hungarian | olvasottság (literacy), olvasó (beads, reader, readership, rosary), olvasás (read), felolvasás (lecture). (various references) | |
Icelandic | lesefni (reading matter). (various references) | |
Indonesian | bacaan (incantation, liretarure, reading material, style of recitation). (various references) | |
Italian | lettura (interpretation, perusal, scanning), correzione (correction, revision). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 読書 , 読取り , 読会 , 読出し (readout), 読み取り , 読み出し (readout), 読み , 閲読 (perusal), 閲覧 (inspection), 講読 (translation), 示度 (indication), リーダー制 (being in the lead, lead, leadership organization, leading, leading case, leading company, leading hitter, leading industry, lead-off man, leech, reach, reachable, read, readability, read-only, reed, song), 書見 , 拝読 . (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | リーディング (leading), しど (indication, visibility), しょけん (first sight, gentlemen, opinion, seeing for the first time, various wise individuals, view, you or them), どくしょ, どっかい (reading comprehension), こうどく (mine pollution, reading responsively, subscription, translation), よみとり, よみだし (readout), よみ (Hades, underworld), はいどく, えつどく (perusal), えつらん (inspection). (various references) | |
Korean | 독서. (various references) | |
Luganda | kusoma. (various references) | |
Malagasy | vakiteny. (various references) | |
Manx | lhaih (decipher, read). (various references) | |
Pidgin English | reading. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | eadingray.(various references) | |
Polish | czytanka (reading matter). (various references) | |
Portuguese | leitura (lection, perusal, read, readout). (various references) | |
Portuguese Brazilian | leitura. (various references) | |
Romanian | varianta a unui text, lecturã (lection, read), interpretare (acting, construction, execution, exposition, intendment, interpretation, paraphrase, performance, rendering, rendition), explicare (apology, demonstration, explanation, explication, illustration), declamaţie (declamation), corecturã (correction, proof, revise), conferinţã (conference, congress, diet, lecture, parley, session, speech), citire (deciphering, lection, perusal, read). (various references) | |
Russian | чтение законопроекта, чтение (lection, read), толкование (commentation, explication, interpretation, rendering, rendition), начитанность, лекция (college, discourse, lecture), понимание (apprehension, aprehension, comprehension, conception, digestion, grasp, insight, knowing, perception, realization, savvy, understanding). (various references) | |
Scottish | leughadh. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | lektira, koji čita, čitanje, čitajući. (various references) | |
Spanish | lectura (play back, playback, play-back, readout, replay, reproduction, sight), leyendo. (various references) | |
Swedish | lektyr (literature, reading matter), läsning (read), avläsning (readout). (various references) | |
Thai | การอ่าน, ซึ่งใช้ในการอ่าน. (various references) | |
Turkish | yorum (comment, commentary, construction, exegesis, exercise, explanation, explication, gloss, interpretation, observation, paraphrase, remark, rendering, rendition, version), okumuşluk, okuma (perusal), konferans (conference, lecture, thinkin), kanaat (conviction, opinion), bilgililik, ölçüm (estimate, evaluation, indication, measure, measurement, metage). (various references) | |
Turkmen | hat-sowat (reading and writing). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | читання (lection, read), тлумачення (annotation, comment, definition, elucidation, exegetics, explanation, explication, exposition, gloss, interpretation, rendition), начитаність, лекція (discourse, lecture, prelection, talk). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | truyện ngắn, truyện (novel, tale), sự đọc (delivery), cách giải thích. (various references) | |
Welsh | darlleniad. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | lectio, lectione, lectionem, lectioni, lectionis, recitatio. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | 1 Thessalonians Chapter 5, Verse 27 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Orkizw umaV ton kurion anagnwsqhnai thn epistolhn pasin toiV agioiV adelfoiV |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Adiuro vos per Dominum ut legatur epistula omnibus sanctis fratribus |
| Old English | 990 | West Saxon | Ic manie eow beforan Drihtne þæt ge þisne pistol rædað æt eallum broðrum. |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | Y coniure you bi the Lord, that this pistle be red to alle hooli britheren. |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | I charge you in the Lorde that this pistle be reed vnto all the holy brethren. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | I charge you by the Lord that this epistle be read unto all the holy brethren. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | I charge you by the Lord that this epistle be read to all the holy brethren. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | I give orders in the name of the Lord that all the brothers are to be present at the reading of this letter. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | 1 Thessalonians Chapter 5, Verse 27 |
| Cebuano | Magatugon ako kaninyo, tungod sa Ginoo, nga kining sulata kinahanglan basahon ngadto sa tanang kaigsoonan. |
| Chinese | 我 指 著 主 囑 咐 你 們 、 要 把 這 信 念 給 眾 弟 兄 聽 。 |
| Croatian | Zaklinjem vas u Gospodinu: neka se ova poslanica proèita svoj braæi. |
| Danish | Jeg besværger eder ved Herren, at dette Brev må blive oplæst for alle de hellige Brødre. |
| Dutch | Ik bezweer ulieden bij den Heere, dat deze zendbrief al den heiligen broederen gelezen worde. |
| Finnish | Minä vannotan teitä Herran kautta, että luetatte tämän kirjeen kaikille veljille. |
| French | Je vous en conjure par le Seigneur, que cette lettre soit lue à tous les frères. |
| German | Ich beschwöre euch bei dem HERRN, daß ihr diesen Brief lesen lasset vor allen heiligen Brüdern. |
| Haitian Creole | Tanpri souple, nan non Seyè a, li lèt sa a bay tout frè yo. |
| Hungarian | Kényszerítlek titeket az Úrra, hogy olvastassék fel e levél minden szent atyafi elõtt. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Atas kuasa Tuhan, saya minta dengan sangat supaya kalian membacakan surat ini kepada semua saudara yang seiman. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Aku mintalah kamu dengan seboleh-bolehnya dengan nama Tuhan, supaya surat ini dibacakan kepada saudara-saudara sekalian. |
| Italian | Vi scongiuro, per il Signore, che si legga questa lettera a tutti i fratelli. |
| Latvian | Dieva vârdâ es jums piekodinu, lai ðî vçstule tiktu lasîta visiem svçtajiem brâïiem. |
| Maori | He tohe atu tenei naku ki a koutou i runga i te Ariki, kia korerotia tenei pukapuka ki nga teina tapu katoa. |
| Norwegian | Jeg besverger eder ved Herren at I lar brevet bli lest for alle brødrene. |
| Portuguese | Pelo Senhor vos conjuro que esta epístola seja lida a todos os irmãos. |
| Rumanian | Kn Domnul vq rog fierbinte ca epistola aceasta sq fie cititq tuturor frayilor. |
| Russian | ъБЛМЙОБА ЧБУ зПУРПДПН РТПЮЙФБФШ УЙЕ РПУМБОЙЕ ЧУЕН УЧСФЩН ВТБФЙСН. |
| Shuar | Winia Uuntru Jesukrístu chichamejai juna Tájarme. Ju Papí Ashí Yus-shuar antukarti tusarum Ashí iruntramunam áujsatarum. |
| Spanish | Solemnemente os insto por el Señor que se lea esta carta a todos los hermanos. |
| Swahili | Nawahimizeni kwa jina la Bwana muwasomee ndugu zetu wote barua hii. |
| Swedish | Jag besvär eder vid Herren att låta uppläsa detta brev för alla bröderna. |
| Uma | Hante kuasa to nawai' -ka Pue', kuperapi' bona sura toi nibasa hi nyanyoa hawe'ea ompi' hampepangalaa' to hi retu-ra. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "reading": readings. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "reading": bespreading, breading, copyreading, dispreading, dreading, lipreading, misreading, nonreading, outreading, outspreading, overspreading, proofreading, rereading, respreading, rethreading, retreading, spreading, threading, treading, unthreading, untreading. (additional references) | |
Words containing "reading": lipreadings, rereadings. (additional references) | |
| |
"Reading" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: greading, Meading, Raedene, raeding, readen, readng, realing, reaving, rebadging, reding, redyng, reeding, reedling, reiding, Reidunn, roading, Rosadini, Roudin. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "reading" (pronounced re"ding or rē"ding) |
| 5 | r e" d i ng | breading, dreading, Redding, retreading, shredding, spreading, threading, treading. |
| 4 | -e" d i ng | bedding, beheading, heading, shedding, sledding, wedding. |
| 3 | -d i ng | applauding, apprehending, abounding, acceding, according, abiding, adding, affording, aiding, alluding, amending, ascending, astounding, attending, avoiding, awarding, backsliding, balding, banding, beholding, bending, bidding, biding, binding, bleeding, blending, blinding, blockading, boarding, bombarding, bonding, bounding, braiding, branding, breeding, brooding, budding, building, cascading, ceding, cheerleading, chiding, clouding, codding, coding, coinciding, colliding, colluding, commanding, commending, compounding, comprehending, conceding, concluding, condescending, confiding, confounding, contending, cording, corresponding, crowding, crusading, deciding, decoding, defending, defrauding, defunding, degrading, deluding, demanding, denuding, depending, deriding, descending, disbanding, discarding, disregarding, dividing, downgrading, downloading, eluding, encoding, ending, eroding, evading, exceeding, excluding, expanding, expending, exploding, expounding, extending, extruding, fading, featherbedding, feeding, fending, feuding, Fielding, finding, flooding, folding, forbidding, foreboding, forwarding, founding, freestanding, funding, gadding, gilding, girding, Gladding, gliding, goading, Godding, grading, grandstanding, grinding, grounding, guarding, guiding, handholding, handing, heeding, heralding, herding, hiding, hoarding, holding, hounding, impeding, impending, imploding, inbreeding, including, intending, interceding, intruding, invading, joyriding, kidding, kneading, lading, landholding, landing, lauding, leading, lending, loading, longstanding, madding, marauding, masquerading, masterminding, Melding, mending, minding, misleading, misreading, misspending, misunderstanding, molding, moulding, needing, nodding, nonbinding, nonbuilding, notwithstanding, offending, outbidding, outspending, outstanding, overbuilding, overcrowding, overextending, overfunding, overloading, overriding, overspending, padding, parading, pending, persuading, pervading, pleading, plodding, portending, pounding, preceding, precluding, presiding, pretending, proceeding, prodding, proofreading, protruding, providing, pudding, punctuating, raiding, railroading, rebounding, rebuilding, receding, recommending, recording, Reding, refunding, regarding, relending, reminding, rending, rereading, rescinding, residing, resounding, responding, retarding, rewarding, ridding, riding, rodding, rounding, safeguarding, sanding, scaffolding, scalding, scolding, seceding, seeding, sending, serenading, shading, shepherding, shielding, shipbuilding, shrouding, siding, skateboarding, skidding, sliding, sounding, spearheading, speeding, spellbinding, spending, stampeding, standing, stranding, striding, subsiding, succeeding, superseding, surrounding, suspending, tending, tiding, trading, transcending, trending, unbending, underfunding, understanding, unending, unfolding, unloading, unwinding, unyielding, upgrading, upholding, upstanding, vending, voiding, wading, warding, weeding, welding, wending, wielding, Wilding, winding, withholding, withstanding, Wooding, wording, wounding, yielding. |
| 5 | r ē" d i ng | breeding, inbreeding, misreading, Reding, rereading. |
| 4 | -ē" d i ng | acceding, bleeding, ceding, conceding, exceeding, feeding, heeding, impeding, interceding, kneading, leading, misleading, needing, pleading, preceding, proceeding, receding, seceding, seeding, speeding, stampeding, succeeding, superseding, weeding. |
| 3 | -d i ng | applauding, apprehending, abounding, according, abiding, adding, affording, aiding, alluding, amending, ascending, astounding, attending, avoiding, awarding, backsliding, balding, banding, bedding, beheading, beholding, bending, bidding, biding, binding, blending, blinding, blockading, boarding, bombarding, bonding, bounding, braiding, branding, breading, brooding, budding, building, cascading, cheerleading, chiding, clouding, codding, coding, coinciding, colliding, colluding, commanding, commending, compounding, comprehending, concluding, condescending, confiding, confounding, contending, cording, corresponding, crowding, crusading, deciding, decoding, defending, defrauding, defunding, degrading, deluding, demanding, denuding, depending, deriding, descending, disbanding, discarding, disregarding, dividing, downgrading, downloading, dreading, eluding, encoding, ending, eroding, evading, excluding, expanding, expending, exploding, expounding, extending, extruding, fading, featherbedding, fending, feuding, Fielding, finding, flooding, folding, forbidding, foreboding, forwarding, founding, freestanding, funding, gadding, gilding, girding, Gladding, gliding, goading, Godding, grading, grandstanding, grinding, grounding, guarding, guiding, handholding, handing, heading, heralding, herding, hiding, hoarding, holding, hounding, impending, imploding, including, intending, intruding, invading, joyriding, kidding, lading, landholding, landing, lauding, lending, loading, longstanding, madding, marauding, masquerading, masterminding, Melding, mending, minding, misspending, misunderstanding, molding, moulding, nodding, nonbinding, nonbuilding, notwithstanding, offending, outbidding, outspending, outstanding, overbuilding, overcrowding, overextending, overfunding, overloading, overriding, overspending, padding, parading, pending, persuading, pervading, plodding, portending, pounding, precluding, presiding, pretending, prodding, proofreading, protruding, providing, pudding, punctuating, raiding, railroading, rebounding, rebuilding, recommending, recording, Redding, refunding, regarding, relending, reminding, rending, rescinding, residing, resounding, responding, retarding, retreading, rewarding, ridding, riding, rodding, rounding, safeguarding, sanding, scaffolding, scalding, scolding, sending, serenading, shading, shedding, shepherding, shielding, shipbuilding, shredding, shrouding, siding, skateboarding, skidding, sledding, sliding, sounding, spearheading, spellbinding, spending, spreading, standing, stranding, striding, subsiding, surrounding, suspending, tending, threading, tiding, trading, transcending, treading, trending, unbending, underfunding, understanding, unending, unfolding, unloading, unwinding, unyielding, upgrading, upholding, upstanding, vending, voiding, wading, warding, wedding, welding, wending, wielding, Wilding, winding, withholding, withstanding, Wooding, wording, wounding, yielding. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: deraign, gradine, grained. | |
| Words within the letters "a-d-e-g-i-n-r" | |
-1 letter: danger, daring, denari, dinger, earing, engird, gained, gainer, gander, garden, girned, gradin, rained, ranged, reagin, reding, regain, regina, ringed. | |
-2 letters: aider, aired, anger, deair, deign, denar, dinar, diner, dinge, dirge, drain, garni, grade, grain, grand, gride, grind, irade, nadir, raged, range, ranid, redan, redia, regna, reign, renig, ridge. | |
-3 letters: aged, ager, agin, aide. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-d-e-g-i-n-r" | |
+1 letter: adhering, bearding, breading, deairing, deraigns, derating, dragline, drainage, dreading, dreaming, gardenia, gradient, gradines, margined, midrange, organdie, readding, readings, readying, redating, regained, treading. | |
+2 letters: adverting, arraigned, astringed, badgering, bargained, bedraping, chagrined, dackering, daggering, daikering, dandering, dangering, darkening, debarking, debarring, declaring, defraying, degrading, demarking, denigrate, departing, depraving, deraigned, derailing, deranging, deratting, diapering, dogearing, draglines, drainages, endearing, engrailed, engrained, gabardine, gaberdine, gandering, gardenias, gardening, garnished, gesneriad, girandole, gradients, grandiose, grandsire, gratineed, grenadier, grenadine, hagridden, hardening, heralding, ingrafted, ingrained, integrand, laddering, midranges, niggarded, organdies, organised, organized, pandering, pervading, predating, prefading, realigned, redacting, redialing, redrawing, regarding, regrading, reloading, remanding, rereading, respading, retarding, rewarding, spreading, threading, tragedian, treadling, vinegared, wandering. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Sounds 10. Quotations: Familiar 11. Quotations: Fiction 12. Quotations: Non-fiction | 13. Quotations: Spoken 14. Quotations: Speeches 15. Usage Frequency 16. Names: Frequency | 17. Names: Company Usage 18. Cities 19. Expressions 20. Expressions: Internet | 21. Translations: Modern 22. Translations: Ancient 23. Bible Trace 24. Abbreviations | 25. Acronyms 26. Derivations 27. Rhymes 28. Anagrams | 29. Bibliography |
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