Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Protocol |
ProtocolNoun1. (computer science) rules determining the format and transmission of data. 2. Forms of ceremony and etiquette observed by diplomats and heads of state. 3. Code of correct conduct: "safety protocols"; "academic protocol". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "protocol" was first used: 1541. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | Protocol n. As used by hackers, this never refers to niceties about the proper form for addressing letters to the Papal Nuncio or the order in which one should use the forks in a Russian-style place setting; hackers don't care about such things. It is used instead to describe any set of rules that allow different machines or pieces of software to coordinate with each other without ambiguity. So, for example, it does include niceties about the proper form for addressing packets on a network or the order in which one should use the forks in the Dining Philosophers Problem. It implies that there is some common message format and an accepted set of primitives or commands that all parties involved understand, and that transactions among them follow predictable logical sequences. See also handshaking, do protocol. Source: Jargon File. |
Environment | A series of formal steps for conducting a test. (references) |
Literature | Protocol The first rough draft or original copy of a despatch, which is to form the basis of a treaty. (Greek, proto-koleon, a sheet glued to the front of a manuscript, and bearing an abstract of the contents and purport. (Harmolaus Barbarus.). Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Medicine | The detailed plan for a clinical trial that states the trial's rationale, purpose, drug or vaccine dosages, length of study, routes of administration, who may participate, and other aspects of trial design. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A protocol is a rule which guides how an activity should be performed. Formerly used mainly in the diplomatic and government fields of endeavor to denote unwritten guidelines, by the turn of the twenty first century it had come into wide use in the computer and communications fields.
In international law and international relations, a protocol is a treaty or international agreement that supplements a previous treaty or international agreement. A protocol can amend the previous treaty, or add additional provisions. Parties to the earlier agreement are not required to adopt the protocol; sometimes this is made clearer by calling it an 'optional protocol', especially where many parties to the first agreement do not support the protocol.
Some examples: the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) established a framework for the development of binding greenhouse gas emission limits, while the Kyoto Protocol contained the limits later agreed upon.
When used in computing, a protocol is a convention or standard that controls or enables the connection, communication, and data transfer between two computing devices. Protocols may be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of the two. At the lowest level, a protocol defines a hardware connection.
The wide-spread use and expansion of protocols is both a prerequisite to the Internet, and a major contributor to its power and success.
The Transmission Control Protocol (or TCP) was the first of these, and the term TCP-IP refers to an important collection of the most used protocols.
Most communication protocols are established in the RFC documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force or IETF. See also Communications protocol for more information.
Object-oriented programming has extended the use of the term to include the protocol used for connections and communication between objects. (From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The interface is a description of:
See also: class, encapsulation, public interface, private interface
Use in computing
Protocol (object-oriented programming)
If the objects are fully encapsulated then the protocol will describe the only way in which objects may be accessed by other objects.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Protocol."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| Procen | English | Protocol on the Centralisation of the European patent system and on its Introduction | Law |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonym: ProtocolSynonym: communications protocol (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Compact | Protocol, treaty, concordat, Zollverein, Sonderbund, charter, Magna Charta, Progmatic Sanction, customs union, free trade region; General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, GATT; most favored nation status. |
Experiment | Protocol, experimental method, blind experiment, double-blind experiment, controlled experiment. |
Plan | Forecast, program(me), prospectus; carte du pays; card; bill, protocol; order of the day, list of agenda; bill of fare; (food); base of operations; platform, plank, slate, ticket. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Stay in the building until Protocol Thirty-Four elapses - dead. (The Invisible Man; writing credit: Craig Silverstein; Jonathan Glassner) | |
Clever | You know how most packages say "open here"? What is the protocol if the package says "open somewhere else"? (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Kid Protocol (2002) The Execution Protocol (1992) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References | |||
Books |
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Periodicals |
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Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit |  | Ambassador Cambon signing the Peace Protocol. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Adlai E. Stevenson | Protocol, alcohol, and Geritol. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | Agreement of May 15, 1886, regarding the sealing of railway trucks subject to customs inspection, and Protocol of May 18, 1907. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | The study protocol is summarized below. (references) | |
Such agents should only be used on an experimental protocol. (references) | ||
A specific protocol portrait followup should be developed by each screening program. (references) | ||
Business | UkrMail is a nation-wide message handling system based on the X.400 protocol. (references) | |
The price and availability of mobile phones supporting the protocol limit the number of users. (references) | ||
He attributed the slow development of GPRS/WAP(wireless application protocol) to the shortage of content. (references) | ||
Children | Mongolia | In November the Government ratified the Optional Protocol to the Convention on Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflicts, and the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. (references) |
Burundi | With the approval of the National Assembly, the President has the authority to issue a decree ratifying the Protocol and to transmit an instrument of ratification. (references) | |
Burundi | There was no information on whether the decree had been issued or whether the Government deposited its instrument of ratification of the Additional Protocol. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Iraq | Following the December 1999 passage of U.N. Security Council Resolution 1284, the Sanctions Committee again sought to devise a protocol to facilitate the payment for individuals making the journey. (references) |
Lebanon | The Parliament justified the law on the grounds that it was protecting the right of Palestinian refugees to return to the homes they fled after the creation of the state of Israel in 1948. There are no legal provisions for granting asylum or refugee status in accordance with the 1951 U.N. Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol. (references) | |
Congo | The Fundamental Act provides for the granting of refugee and asylum status in accordance with the 1951 U.N. Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol. (references) | |
Economic History | Ireland | GSM technology dominates the mobile sector and the two main operators launched wireless application protocol (WAP) services [50,000 subscribers] in 2000 as a prelude to the roll-out of GPRS technology in 2001. (references) |
Moldova | Communications Services: Due to Moldova's poor telecommunications infrastructure, more and more private companies are investing in the following areas: mobile telephone services in the GSM-900 standard; business network services; packet-switched data transmission services; telegraph and telex services; facsimile services; privately leased circuit services; electronic mail; voice mail; and code and protocol conversion. (references) | |
Japan | Japan is subject to Madrid Protocol effective March 14, 2000 and trademark registered at WIPO Secretariat will be protected among member countries. (references) | |
Human Rights | Belarus | In appeals neither defendants nor witnesses appear before the court; the court merely reviews the protocol and other documents from the lower court's trial. (references) |
Turkey | The Turkish Medical Doctor's Association played a leading role in the development, under U.N. auspices, of the December 2000 "Istanbul Protocol," which is an alternative medical report process that instructs doctors how to identify and treat victims of torture. (references) | |
Iraq | The Special Rapporteur repeatedly has reminded the Government of its obligation under the Landmines Protocol to protect civilians from the effects of mines. (references) | |
Minorities | Romania | This protocol helped resolve most complaints of discrimination against Roma in the health system and sponsored several vaccination campaigns for Roma children. (references) |
Romania | However, a partnership protocol, signed by the Minister of Health and the representative for Roma in the Parliament in April, lays out cooperative measures between the Health Ministry and the Romani Party in order to ensure that Roma have access to health care. (references) | |
Political Economy | Israel | By July 2000, six West Bank cities (Nablus, Tulkarm, Ramallah, Jenin, Bethlehem, and Qalqilyah) had been turned over to the PA and Israel had withdrawn from the Arab-populated areas of Hebron, in accordance with the Hebron protocol of 15th January 1997. (references) |
Political Rights | Angola | The Lusaka Protocol established the mechanism for returning the country to an electoral calendar. (references) |
Turkmenistan | Women serve in the following positions: Deputy Chairman for Economy and Finance; Prosecutor General; Ambassador to the U.N.; Chief of Presidential Protocol; Head of the Mejilis (Parliamentary) Committee on Science, Education, and Culture; Deputy Minister for Economy and Finance; and Deputy Minister for Social Protection. (references) | |
Angola | The National Assembly revoked Savimbi's status in 1998 for abrogating his duties under the Lusaka Protocol. (references) | |
Trade | Botswana | As a progression of the Trade Protocol, SADC launched the SADC Free Trade Agreement on September 1, 2000. (references) |
Argentina | A protocol allowing U.S. fresh, chilled and frozen pork imports into Argentina was finalized in May 2001. Lamb meat from the United States is prohibited entry into Argentina due to Scrapie disease. (references) | |
Burma | Besides the Arbitration Act of 1944, there are international treaties to which Burma is a signatory: the Protocol Relating to Arbitration Clause (1923, Geneva Protocol) and the Convention Relating to the Enforcement of Foreigner Arbitral Awards (1927, Geneva Convention). (references) | |
Travel | Ukraine | Given the fact that "business" in a Western sense is something new to the current generation of Ukrainians, it is difficult to generalize about proper protocol and customs for doing business in Ukraine. (references) |
Finland | Social and business protocol is similar to that in the United States and requires no special mentions of taboos. (references) | |
Women | Liechtenstein | It ratified the protocol on October 24, and the protocol was scheduled to take effect in January 2002. Three women's rights groups were active. (references) |
Worker Rights | Korea | The Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization negotiated a separate protocol and service contracts for workers at the site of its light water reactor project. (references) |
Cameroon | In 2000 the Government signed, but has not yet ratified, the U.N.-sponsored protocol concerning trafficking in persons. (references) | |
Korea | KEDO, the international organization charged with implementation of a light-water reactor and other projects, has concluded a protocol and a related memorandum of understanding concerning wages and other working conditions for citizens who are to work on KEDO projects. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Rush Limbaugh | The Kyoto protocol holds as one of its primary tenets that humanity, primarily in the advanced civilizations of the West, is the primary cause of global warming. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | Protocol I of the Treaty of Tlatelolco which will contribute to the lessening of nuclear dangers for our Latin American neighbors ought now to be ratified by the United States Senate. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Protocol" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Protocol" is used about 1,036 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 1,036 | 7,172 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name |
| USA | Protocol Systems, Inc. |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "protocol": address Resolution Protocol ♦ advanced Data Communications Control Protocol ♦ alternating bit protocol ♦ anonymous file transfer protocol ♦ appletalk Data Stream Protocol ♦ appletalk Filing Protocol ♦ application Configuration Access Protocol ♦ application protocol ♦ application Protocol Data Unit ♦ border Gateway Protocol ♦ chief of protocol ♦ client To Client Protocol ♦ common Architecture for Next Generation Internet Protocol ♦ common Management Information Protocol ♦ Communication Protocol ♦ communications protocol ♦ connectionless protocol ♦ demand protocol architecture ♦ direct Client to Client Protocol ♦ directory access protocol ♦ directory system protocol ♦ do protocol ♦ dynamic Host Configuration Protocol ♦ Euronet Switching Protocol 20 ♦ extended protocol ♦ exterior Gateway Protocol ♦ file Service Protocol ♦ file Transfer Protocol ♦ handshake protocol ♦ head of protocol ♦ hot Swapable Routing Protocol ♦ hypertext transfer protocol ♦ ICMP Router Discovery Protocol ♦ interior Gateway Protocol ♦ Internet control message protocol ♦ internet Group Management Protocol ♦ Internet mail access protocol ♦ internet Message Access Protocol ♦ internet Open Trading Protocol ♦ internet Protocol ♦ Internet protocol address ♦ internet Protocol Control Protocol ♦ internet Protocol version 4 ♦ internet Protocol version 6 ♦ internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol ♦ interpersonal messaging protocol ♦ interprocessor communication protocol ♦ inverse Address Resolution Protocol ♦ Java Remote Method Protocol ♦ Kyoto Protocol ♦ layer Two Tunneling Protocol ♦ lightweight Directory Access Protocol ♦ link Access Protocol Balanced ♦ link Access Protocol for Modems ♦ link access protocol on the D channel ♦ link Control Protocol ♦ link State Routing Protocol ♦ lower Layer Protocol ♦ manufacturers Automation Protocol ♦ manufacturing Automation Protocol ♦ Marrakesh Protocol ♦ media Gateway Control Protocol ♦ mesi protocol ♦ message transfer protocol ♦ microcom Networking Protocol ♦ NetBIOS Frames Control Protocol ♦ netware Core Protocol ♦ netware Link State Protocol ♦ network control protocol ♦ network News Transfer Protocol ♦ network Time Protocol ♦ open Trading Protocol ♦ packet data protocol ♦ password Authentication Protocol ♦ post Office Protocol ♦ printer Access Protocol ♦ protocol analyser ♦ protocol converter ♦ protocol Data Unit ♦ protocol implementation conformance statement ♦ protocol layer ♦ protocol stack ♦ protocol testing ♦ real Time Streaming Protocol ♦ remote Write Protocol ♦ resource Reservation Protocol ♦ retained transport protocol data unit ♦ reverse Address Resolution Protocol ♦ Rockwell Protocol Interface ♦ routing Information Protocol ♦ routing Table Maintenance Protocol ♦ serial Line Internet Protocol ♦ service Advertising Protocol ♦ service discovery protocol server ♦ session Initiation Protocol ♦ signaling protocol ♦ signalling protocol ♦ simple Gateway Control Protocol ♦ simple Mail Transfer Protocol ♦ simple message transfer protocol ♦ simple multicast protocol. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "protocol": protocol-and-agenda-laden, protocol-based, protocol-compliant, protocol-control-information, Protocol-D, protocol-independent. | |
Ending with "protocol": multi-protocol. | |
Containing "protocol": (N)-protocol-control-information. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "protocol"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Afrikaans | boetekaartjie (minutes). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | protokoll (journal, minutes, record). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | محضر جلسات (record), محاضر مؤتمرات, نظام المراسم, صورة معاهدة, جدول أعمال (agenda, organizer, schedule), البرتوكول نظام التشريفات الرسمة الدبلوماسية, إتفاقية سياسية, بروتوكول. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | етикеция, протоколирам (minute, record), протокол (minutes, record). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 协议 (Accord, Agreement), "議 (agreement, pact), "定 (agreement). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | protokol (minute, minutes, record, registry, state, transcript). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | protokol (minutes). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | protocol (minutes), proces-verbaal (minutes), notulen (minutes), bekeuring (minutes). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Esperanto | protokolo (minutes). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Farsi | پیوندنامه , پیش نویس سند, مقاوله نامه نوشتن , مقاوله نامه , موافقت مقدماتی , تشریفات (Ceremonial, Ceremony, Ritual, Service, Starch). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | protokolla (minutes). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | protocole. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | Protokoll (journal, log, minutes, record, report, score sheet, statement, ticket, transcript). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | πρωτόκολλο (etiquette). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | פרוטוקול (proceedings, record, transaction), זכרון "ברים (minutes, record), טקס (ceremony, etiquette, observance). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | protokoll. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | protokol. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | protocollo (record, register), contravvenzione (contravention, fine, infringement, minutes, misdemeanor, mulct, violation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 調書 (preliminary memo), 議定書 , 覚書 (memo, memorial, note), 覚え書き (memo, memorial, note), プロテスタント教会 (produce, producer, producer system, protest, protest song, Protestant Church, protoactinium, proton, protoplast, prototype, prototyping), 手 (procedure, process), "定書 (agreement). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | ぎていしょ, おぼえがき (memo, memorandum, memorial, note), プロトコル , きょうていしょ (agreement), てじゅ" (procedure, process), ちょうしょ (advantage, merit, preliminary memo, strong point). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 의 서. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Papiamen | protokòl (minutes). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | otocolpray protocolo (minutes, record). (various references) protocol (ceremonial), proces-verbal (minute, proceeding, report), uzanţã diplomaticã. (various references) протокол (formulatory, minute, minutes, proces-verbal, proces-verbaux, record, the minutes). (various references) protokol (kalends, proceedings), voditi zapisnik. (various references) protocolo, proceso verbal (minutes), multa (fine, forfeit, minutes, mulct, penalty, ticket). (various references) protokoll (minutes, proceedings, score, scorecard). (various references) protokol yapmak, protokol (ceremony), tutanak (minute book, minutes, official report, record, report), tutanağa kaydetmek, resmi nezaket kuralları. (various references) protokol (r). (various references) протоколювати, протокол (minutes, record, roll), прелімінарні умови договору. (various references) nghi thức ngoại giao. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Greek | 700 BCE-300 CE | protokollon. (various references) |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | RM:Protocol DFAE. (various references) |
| Medieval Latin | 700-1500 | protocollum. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "protocol": protocoled, protocoling, protocolled, protocolling, protocols. (additional references) | |
| |
"Protocol" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Portoroz, Pratincola, procotol, proctocol, Protasov, protcol, protoc, protocad, protocal, protocall, protocel, protocell, protocole, protocoll, protocor, protokoll, Protosol, protpcol, prtocol. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "c-l-o-o-o-p-r-t" | |
-2 letters: coplot. | |
-3 letters: cloot, color, coopt, orlop, troop. | |
-4 letters: clop, clot, colt, cool, coop, coot, crop, loco, loop, loot, plot, poco, polo, pool, poor, port, root, rotl, roto, tool, torc, toro, trop. | |
-5 letters: col, coo, cop, cor, cot, loo, lop, lot, oot, opt, orc, ort, pol, pot, pro, roc, rot, too, top, tor. | |
| Words containing the letters "c-l-o-o-o-p-r-t" | |
+1 letter: protocols. | |
+2 letters: colorpoint, proctology, prolocutor, protocoled, tocopherol, tropologic. | |
+3 letters: colorpoints, proctologic, prolocutors, protocoling, protocolled, tocopherols. | |
+4 letters: coleopterous, oligotrophic, postdoctoral, proctologies, proctologist, protocolling, tropological. | |
+5 letters: cryptozoology, fluoroscopist, photoelectron, proctological, proctologists, tropocollagen. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Quotations: Familiar | 9. Quotations: Historic 10. Quotations: Non-fiction 11. Quotations: Spoken 12. Quotations: Speeches | 13. Usage Frequency 14. Names: Company Usage 15. Expressions 16. Expressions: Internet | 17. Translations: Modern 18. Translations: Ancient 19. Abbreviations 20. Acronyms | 21. Derivations 22. Anagrams 23. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
