PROTEINS

"PROTEINS" is a plural of: protein.

Date "PROTEINS" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1906. (references)

Chemistry

Environment

Food & Agriculture

Health

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Synonym: PROTEINS

Crosswords: PROTEINS

Proteins (1976)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Books

• Fish Antifreeze Proteins (Molecular Aspects of Fish and Marine Biology, V. 1) (reference)

• Structure and expression of genes for parvalbumin and other EF-hand type CAp2+s--binding proteins (reference)

• Amino-acid content of foods and biological data on proteins (reference)

• Expression of Tgf-B Isoforms, Their Receptors and Related Smad Proteins in Brain Pathology: Immuno-Histochemical Studies Focusing on Infarcts, Abscesses and Malignant Gliomas (Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations, 855) (reference)

• Amino Acids and Proteins for the Athlete - The Anabolic Edge (reference)

  (more book examples)

Periodicals

• Ca Selects Plus: Amino Acids Peptides & Proteins (reference)

  (more periodical examples)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

The earliest visible stage of HIV replication occurs when viral proteins accumulate under the cell membrane in a process called budding (a). In the next stage a crescent shaped early bud has constricted, forming a membrane-encapsulated sphere, with the dense center called a viral nucleoid (b). As the constricting process continues, the virus pinches off and becomes free extracellular infectious virus (c). At this stage, the dark circular mucleoid condenses into a bar; this morphologic feature is used to discriminate HIV-I from HTLV-II and HTLV-III. See artwork: GR-31. Credit: Dr. Matthew Gonda (photographer).

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-I) enters the T-lymphocyte where the virus loses its outer envelop, releasing its RNA and its reverse transcriptase. The reverse transcriptase builds a complimentary DNA strand from the viral RNA template. The DNA helix is inserted into the host genome. When this is transcribed by the infected cell, the new viral RNA and proteins are produced to form new viruses that then bud from the cell membrane, thus completing the life cycle of the virus. See artwork: GR-32. Credit: Trudy Nicholson (artist).

Proteins in the cytoplasm target and activate biochemical reactions in specific cellular components, such as the mitochondria and the nucleus. Within the nucleus, gene expression is activated and leads to new protein synthesis, which are formed on the endoplasmic reticulum. These proteins are transported via the Golgi complex for packaging and distribution to cellular membrane and for extracellular release. See artwork: (on disk in file). Credit: Jeannie Kelly (artist).

Scientist is performing an amino acid analysis which is used to look at the detail of cellular molecules. Knowing the genetic code and the way it relates to proteins made by the body are tools to understand cancer cells. Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer).

Pictured in this laboratory setting are scientists looking at a lighted slide of proteins and analyzing it. They are wearing lab coats and studying it intently. Knowing how the genetic code relates to the proteins made by the body is an important tool for scientists in their new technology, as they continue to explore the nature of the cancer cell. Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer).

Chicks eating from a metal feeder in broiler house in Mississippi. Feed for the broilers is a sophisticated blend of various proteins. Credit: USDA.

Microbiologist James Mecham and student research aid Jenny Dockham examine autoradiographic film showing bluetongue virus proteins. P. Credit: USDA ARS News; photo by Scott Bauer..

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

Health

These are called high-quality proteins. (references)

Proteins are essential to all life processes. (references)

These lipopigments are made up of fats and proteins. (references)

Business

This rule only applies to aromas and additives which still contain DNA or proteins resulting from genetical modification, and which can, therefore, be verified as genetically modified. (references)

These comprise the tests of bodily substances -- such as those of glucose, enzymes, electrolytes, proteins, and lipids -- that are measured as overall indicators of a patient's health status; Immuno-chemistry systems and their reagents accounted for 23 percent, or $124 million; Instruments accounted for 17 percent, or $92 million; Infectious-immunology systems and their reagents accounted for 12 percent, or $65 million; Hematology systems and their reagents accounted for 10 percent, or $54 million. (references)

Economic History

Switzerland

Power-drinks that cover a whole day's requirement for vitamins, proteins and minerals are successfully marketed through the direct sale system as well. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Expressions using "PROTEINS": Acute-Phase Proteins ♦ Adenovirus E1 Proteins ♦ Adenovirus E1A Proteins ♦ Adenovirus E1B Proteins ♦ Adenovirus E2 Proteins ♦ Adenovirus E3 Proteins ♦ Adenovirus E4 Proteins ♦ Adenovirus Early Proteins ♦ Algal Proteins ♦ Antifreeze Proteins ♦ Archaeal Proteins ♦ Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins ♦ Bacterial Proteins ♦ Blood Proteins ♦ Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ♦ Calcium-Binding Proteins ♦ Calmodulin-Binding Proteins ♦ Carrier Proteins ♦ CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins ♦ Cell Cycle Proteins ♦ Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins ♦ Chimeric Proteins ♦ Chimerin Proteins ♦ Contractile Proteins ♦ Cytoskeletal Proteins ♦ Dental Enamel Proteins ♦ Dietary Proteins ♦ DNA-Binding Proteins ♦ Egg Proteins ♦ Extracellular Matrix Proteins ♦ Fungal Proteins ♦ GTPase-Activating Proteins ♦ GTP-Binding Proteins ♦ Heat-Shock Proteins ♦ Heat-Shock Proteins 70 ♦ Heat-Shock Proteins 90 ♦ Helminth Proteins ♦ Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins ♦ High Mobility Group Proteins ♦ Homeodomain Proteins ♦ Immediate-Early Proteins ♦ Insect Proteins ♦ Insulin-Like Growth-Factor-Binding Proteins ♦ Intermediate Filament Proteins ♦ Iron-Sulfur Proteins ♦ Luminescent Proteins ♦ M proteins ♦ Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins ♦ Membrane Proteins ♦ Microfilament Proteins ♦ Microtubule Proteins ♦ Microtubule-Associated Proteins ♦ Milk Proteins ♦ Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins ♦ Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins ♦ Monosaccharide Transport Proteins ♦ Muscle Proteins ♦ Myelin Basic Proteins ♦ Myelin Proteins ♦ Neurofilament Proteins ♦ Nonheme Iron Proteins ♦ Nuclear Proteins ♦ Nucleocapsid Proteins ♦ Oncogene Proteins ♦ Oncogene Proteins v-abl ♦ Oncogene Proteins v-erbA ♦ Oncogene Proteins v-erbB ♦ Oncogene Proteins v-fos ♦ Oncogene Proteins v-mos ♦ Oncogene Proteins v-myb ♦ Oncogene Proteins v-rel ♦ Oncogene Proteins v-sis ♦ Plant Proteins ♦ Pregnancy Proteins ♦ Pregnancy Zone Proteins ♦ Proto-Oncogene Proteins ♦ Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl ♦ Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ♦ Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ♦ Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun ♦ Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mos ♦ Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb ♦ Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc ♦ Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf ♦ Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-rel ♦ Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis ♦ Protozoan Proteins ♦ PrPC Proteins ♦ PrPSc Proteins ♦ rab GTP-Binding Proteins ♦ rab1 GTP-Binding Proteins ♦ rab3 GTP-Binding Proteins ♦ rab4 GTP-Binding Proteins ♦ rab5 GTP-Binding Proteins ♦ rac GTP-Binding Proteins ♦ ral GTP-Binding Proteins ♦ rap GTP-Binding Proteins ♦ rap1 GTP-Binding Proteins ♦ ras GTPase-Activating Proteins ♦ ras Proteins ♦ Recombinant Fusion Proteins. Additional references.

Ending with "PROTEINS": Creb-binding-proteins, G-proteins, oct-proteins.

Danish

protein (protein), æggehvidestof (albumenous matter, complex organic compounds consisting chiefly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen and built up by amino acids.They occur in small amounts in wines where they sometimes form precipitates tannins), æggehvide (egg white, ovalbumin, protein). (various references)

Dutch

proteïnen (albumenous matter, complex organic compounds consisting chiefly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen and built up by amino acids.They occur in small amounts in wines where they sometimes form precipitates tannins), eiwitten (protein), eiwit (albumen, protein). (various references)

Finnish

proteiini (albumenous matter, albumin, complex organic compounds consisting chiefly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen and built up by amino acids.They occur in small amounts in wines where they sometimes form precipitates tannins, protein), albumiini (albumen, albumenous matter, complex organic compounds consisting chiefly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen and built up by amino acids.They occur in small amounts in wines where they sometimes form precipitates tannins). (various references)

French

protides (protein), protéines (oxygen and nitrogen and built up by amino acids.They occur in small amounts in wines where they sometimes form precipitates tannins), matières albuminoides (oxygen and nitrogen and built up by amino acids.They occur in small amounts in wines where they sometimes form precipitates tannins). (various references)

German

Protide (protein), Proteine (protein), Makropeptide (protein), Eiweißstoffe (albumenous matter, complex organic compounds consisting chiefly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen and built up by amino acids.They occur in small amounts in wines where they sometimes form precipitates tannins, protein), Eiweißkörper (protein), Eiweiße (protein), Eiweiß (albumen, egg white, protein, white, white of egg). (various references)

Greek 

πρωτεϊνες (albumenous matter, complex organic compounds consisting chiefly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen and built up by amino acids.They occur in small amounts in wines where they sometimes form precipitates tannins), πρωτεΰνεσ. (various references)

Italian

protidi (proteid, protein), materie albuminoidi (albumenous matter, complex organic compounds consisting chiefly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen and built up by amino acids.They occur in small amounts in wines where they sometimes form precipitates tannins). (various references)

Pig Latin

oteinspray

Portuguese

prótidos (protein), substâncias albuminoides (albumenous matter, complex organic compounds consisting chiefly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen and built up by amino acids.They occur in small amounts in wines where they sometimes form precipitates tannins). (various references)

Spanish

proteína (protein), prótidos (protides), prótido (protein), materias albuminoideas (albumenous matter, complex organic compounds consisting chiefly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen and built up by amino acids.They occur in small amounts in wines where they sometimes form precipitates tannins), albuminoide (albuminoid). (various references)

Swedish

proteiner (albumenous matter, complex organic compounds consisting chiefly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen and built up by amino acids.They occur in small amounts in wines where they sometimes form precipitates tannins), äggviteämnen (albumenous matter, complex organic compounds consisting chiefly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen and built up by amino acids.They occur in small amounts in wines where they sometimes form precipitates tannins). (various references)

Derivations

Words ending with "PROTEINS": apolipoproteins, chromoproteins, fetoproteins, flavoproteins, glycoproteins, hemoproteins, lipoproteins, mucoproteins, nucleoproteins, phosphoproteins, ribonucleoproteins, scleroproteins. (additional references)

Misspellings

"PROTEINS" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: porteins, Portevin, Portuense, potkins, pritikin, protain, Protasius, proteans, Proteines, protien, protiens, protin, protoxin, prtein. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Direct Anagrams: pointers, porniest, tropines.

-1 letter: norites, oestrin, orients, orpines, pintoes, pointer, pointes, postern, prostie, protein, pterins, reposit, riposte, ropiest, stonier, tropine, tropins.

-2 letters: esprit, estrin, inerts, insert, instep, inters, intros, irones, nestor, netops, niters, nitres, nitros, norite, nosier, noters, opines, orient, orpine, orpins, person, pinots, pintos, piston, pitons, pointe, points, poiser, ponies, pontes, poster, postin, potsie, presto.

+1 letter: atropines, dripstone, entropies, eruptions, inceptors, inspector, interpose, orpiments, patronise, progestin, terpinols.

+2 letters: desorption, dripstones, entropions, fingerpost, importunes, inspectors, intercrops, interlopes, interposed, interposer, interposes, introspect, isentropic, mentorship, neotropics, nephrotics, operations, overprints, patronised, patronises, patronizes, perditions, pinspotter, portliness, predations, premoisten, prenotions, presorting, pretension, pretorians, progestins, propensity, prosecting, protamines, proteinase, protensive, protesting, reappoints, receptions, repletions, repositing, reposition, resorption, respotting, resumption, ripsnorter, separation, sportiness, stoppering, subreption, supertonic, terpenoids, terpineols, waitperson.