Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Procaine |
ProcaineNoun1. A white crystalline powder (trade name Ethocaine) administered near nerves as a local anesthetic in dentistry and medicine. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
| Domain | Definition |
Health | A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016). (references) |
Public Administration | Or procaine hydrichloride, a local anaesthetic widely used in ambulatory and emergency situation; Novocaine is a known trade name. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Procaine was first synthesized in 1905, and was the first injectable man-made local anesthetic used. It was created by the German chemist Alfred Einhorn who gave the chemical the trade name Novocaine, from the Latin 'Novus' (meaning New) plus 'caine' as in "cocaine". It was introduced into medical use by surgeon Heinrich Braun. The proper chemical name for procaine is 2-Diethylaminoethyl 4-aminobenzoate hydrochloride and the chemical formula is C13H20N2O2·HCl.
Procaine is rarely used today since more effective alternatives such as lidocaine (xylocaine) exist. Prior to the discover of procaine, cocaine was the most commonly used local anesthetic. Procaine has the advantage of restricted blood vessels, unlike other local anesthetics like cocaine, which reduces bleeding. It is also less toxic than cocaine.
Procaine, an ester anesthetic, is metabolized in the plasma by the enzyme pseudocholinesterase through hydrolysis into para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), which is then excreted by the kidneys into the urine. Allergic reactions to procaine are usually not in response to procaine itself, but to PABA. About 1 in 3000 people have an atypical form of pseudocholinesterase, which doesn't hydrolyze ester anesthetics such as procaine, resulting in a prolonged period of high levels of the anesthetic in the blood and increased toxicity.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Procaine."
Synonym: ProcaineSynonym: Ethocaine (n). (additional references) |
Crosswords: Procaine |
| English words defined with "procaine": Novocain, novocaine ♦ procaine hydrochloride. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "procaine": Penicillin G, Procaine, Procainamide. (references) |
| "Procaine" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 83.33% of the time. "Procaine" is used about 6 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 83.33% | 5 | 157,705 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 16.67% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 6 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expression using "procaine": procaine hydrochloride. Additional references. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
procaine | 72 |
hydrochloride procaine | 9 |
procaine hcl | 6 |
procaine penicillin | 3 |
penicillin g procaine | 2 |
gh3 procaine | 2 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "procaine"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | prokainë. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 奴佛卡 . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | prokain, procain. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | procaine, procaïne waterstofchloride, procaïne. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | prokaiini. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | procaïne. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | Procain. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | νοβοκαΰνη (novocaine), προκαΐνη, προκαΰνη. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | novokain (novocaine). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | procaina. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | ocainepray procaina, procaína. (various references) прокаин. (various references) procaína (procain). (various references) prokain. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "procaine": procaines. (additional references) | |
| |
"Procaine" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Cruciani, phocine, Ploceinae, Posavina, precariae, prochaine, procine, procini, profain, Profaine, proosian, proosians, propaine, Propazine, pyocanea. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "procaine" (pronounced prō"kā'n) |
| 3 | -k ā' n | hurricane. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: apocrine, caponier. | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-e-i-n-o-p-r" | |
-1 letter: apnoeic, caprine, porcine. | |
-2 letters: aeonic, apneic, carnie, coiner, copier, cornea, crepon, orcein, orpine, panier, picaro, pincer, prance, prince, rapine, recoin. | |
-3 letters: acorn, apron, areic, arpen, cairn, caner, canoe, caper, capon, carpi, ceria, copen, coper, copra, coria, crane, crape, cripe, crone, erica, irone, nacre, narco, naric, nicer, noria, ocean, ocrea, opera, opine, orcin, orpin. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-e-i-n-o-p-r" | |
+1 letter: caponiers, porcelain, procaines, proscenia. | |
+2 letters: complainer, importance, picarooned, porcelains, pratincole, precaution, saprogenic, scorpaenid. | |
+3 letters: aponeurotic, caparisoned, ceratopsian, chairperson, chaperoning, chiropteran, coappearing, complainers, cooperating, cooperation, copyreading, crepitation, deprecation, emancipator, importances, imprecation, incorporate, incorporeal, narcoleptic, necrophilia, neuropathic, nonoperatic, outcapering, percolating, percolation, perionychia, pilocarpine, pratincoles, precautions, precolonial, predication, preromantic, procreating, procreation, pyromancies, renographic, replication, reproaching, ropedancing, scorpaenids. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage Frequency | 5. Expressions 6. Expressions: Internet 7. Translations: Modern 8. Derivations | 9. Rhymes 10. Anagrams 11. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
