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Definition: Private |
PrivateAdjective1. Confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy; "a private place"; "private discussions"; "private lessons"; "a private club"; "a private secretary"; "private property"; "the former President is now a private citizen"; "public figures struggle to maintain a private life". 2. Concerning things deeply private and personal; "private correspondence"; "private family matters". 3. Concerning one person exclusively; "we all have individual cars"; "each room has a private bath". 4. Not expressed; "secret (or private) thoughts". Noun1. An enlisted man of the lowest rank; "our prisoner was just a private and knew nothing of value". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "private" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1258. (references) |
Etymology: Private \Pri"vate\, adjective. [Latin expression privatus apart from the state, peculiar to an individual, private, properly present participle of privare to bereave, deprive, originally, to separate, from privus single, private, perhaps originally, put forward (hence, alone, single) and akin to prae before. See Prior, adjective, and compare to Deprive, Privy,]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Satire | PRIVATE, n. A military gentleman with a field-marshal's baton in his knapsack and an impediment in his hope. Source: Devil's Dictionary. |
Public Administration | Non-commissioned personnel, category OR-1(NATO), in UK Army and US Army. Source: European Union. (references) |
| Non-commissioned personnel, category OR-2(NATO), UK Army and US Army. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Privacy is the ability of a person to control the availability of information about and exposure of him- or herself. It is related to being able to function in society anonymously (including pseudonymous or blind credential identification).According to Eric Hughes, "Privacy is the power to selectively reveal oneself to the world."[1]
Types of privacy giving rise to special concerns:
Some ways in which privacy is lost include the following:
- political privacy
- consumer privacy
- medical privacy
- information technology end user privacy; also called Data privacy
Some methods which have been used to defend privacy include the following:
- Waiver of privacy right included in the terms of a contract.
- Theft of confidential information, e.g. by computer cracking.
- Statutory or regulatory orders to provide private material (eg, the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act in the UK)
- Compulsory National identity cards, especially when linked to central government databases
- Statutory or regulatory intrusion on private acts (assorted wiretapping provisions just about everywhere -- most do not include notice which can be opposed in a court)
- Involuntary "outing", e.g. of homosexuals, often by others of the same political category who seek openness over privacy, or opponents intent on shaming them.
- Non-transparent packages;
- Encryption of communications and other information;
- De jure establishment of privacy rights as an entitlement;
- sue, shun or harm those guilty of outing;
- toilets, showers and changing rooms separated by sex and/or with separate cubicles; partitions between urinals; possibility to lock the door;
- separate rooms for people in their house, possibility to lock the door, agreement to knock before entering (with or without waiting for a reply).
External Links
See also: The Transparent Society, carceral state, RFID, Data privacy, freedom, civil rights
- John Does.org internet anonymity site
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Privacy."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In many militaries, a private (short for "private soldier"), is a soldier of the lowest military rank.In the United States Army, there are two kinds of privates; the junior rank is simply "private", abbreviated "PVT", and the senior is a private first class, abbreviated "PFC".
Private is also the title of a European porn magazine.
See also Privacy, privatization.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Private."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Private Media Group, Inc. is a pornography company operating worldwide.It was established in Stockholm, Sweden in 1965 as the world's first full-color hardcore sex magazine by Berth Milton Sr. In the early 1990s, his son Berth Milton Jr took over the company. Milton Jr. moved the company to Barcelona, Spain and modernized it with video and Internet content. In 1999, Private became the first adult entertainment company to be traded on the NASDAQ stock market; its ticker symbol is PRVT.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Private (magazine)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Private transport, as opposed to public transport, is transport in one's own vehicle (e.g. car, motorcycle or bicycle). Private transport differs from public in that it lacks timetables and fixed itineraries.
See also
- General Motors Streetcar Conspiracy
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Private transport."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Privatization (sometimes: denationalization or privatisation) is the economic process of transferring property, from public ownership to private ownership. The opposite process is nationalization. In theory, privatization helps establish a "free market", as well as fostering capitalist competition. Conversely, socialists view privatization negatively, arguing that it reduces state control of essential services.
In general, nationalization was common during the immediate post-WW2 period, but privatization became a more dominant economic trend (especially within the United States and the United Kingdom) during the 1980s and '90s. This trend of privatization has often been characterized as part of a "global wave" of neoliberal policies, and some observers argue that this was greatly influenced by the policies of Reagan and Thatcher. The term "privatization" was coined in 1948 and is thought to have been popularized by The Economist during the '80s.
Privatization is frequently associated with industrial or service-oriented enterprises, such as mining, manufacturing or power generation, but it can also apply to any asset, such as land, roads, or even rights to water. In recent years, government services such as health, sanitation, and education have been particularly targeted for privatization in many countries.
Arguments for privatization
The basic argument given for privatization is that governments have few incentives to ensure that the enterprises they own are well run. On the other hand, private owners, it is said, do have such an incentive: they will lose money if businesses are poorly run. The theory holds that, not only will the enterprise's clients see benefits, but as the privatized enterprise becomes more efficient, the whole economy will benefit. Ideally, privatization propels the establishment of social, organizational and legal infrastructures and institutions that are essential for an effective market economy.
Advocates of privatization argue that governments run businesses poorly for the following reasons:
In particular, the first and last reasons become important because money is a scarce resource: if government-run companies are losing money, or if they are not as profitable as possible, this money is unavailable to other, more efficient firms. Thus, the efficient firms will have a harder time finding capital, which makes it difficult for them to raise production and create more employment.
- They may only be interested in improving a company in cases when the performance of the company becomes politically sensitive.
- Conversely, the government may put off improvements due to political sensitivity — even in cases of companies that are run well.
- The company may become prone to corruption; company employees may be selected for political reasons rather than business ones.
- The government may seek to run a company for social goals rather than business ones.
- It is claimed by supporters of privatisation, that privately-held companies can more easily raise capital in the financial markets than publicly-owned ones.
- Governments may "bail out" poorly run businesses with money when, economically, it may be better to let the business fold.
- Parts of a business which persistently lose money are more likely to be shut down in a private business (this is conversely seen as a negative by critics of privatization).
- Nationalised industries can be prone to interference from politicians for political or populist reasons. Such as, for example, making an industry buy supplies from local producers, when that may be more expensive than buying from abroad, forcing an industry to freeze its prices/fares to satisfy the electorate or control inflation, increasing its staffing to reduce unemployment, or moving its operations to marginal constituencies, these can cause nationalised industries to become uneconomic and uncompetitive.
Ideally, privatizations are organized as auctions where bidders compete to offer the state the highest price, creating real value that can be used by the state as investment capital.
The state can also allow foreigners to buy privatized enterprises, whereby an outside investor invests the capital needed to upgrade and modernize the firm, making it internationally competitive.
Arguments against privatization
Opponents of privatization argue that it is undesirable to let private entrepreneurs own public institutions for the following reasons:
In practical terms, there are many pitfalls to privatization. Privatization has rarely worked out ideally because it is so intertwined with political concerns, especially in post-communist economies or in developing nations where corruption is endemic. Even in advanced market economies like Great Britain, where privatization has been popular with governments (if not all of the public) since the Thatcher era, problems center on the fact that privatization programs are very politically sensitive, raising many legitimate political debates. Who decides how to set values on state enterprises? Does the state accept cash or for government-provided coupons? Should the state allow the workers or managers of the enterprise to gain control over their own workplace? Should the state allow foreigners to buy privatized enterprises? Which levels of government can privatize which assets? How much?
- Private companies do not have any other goal than to maximize profit.
- The public does not have any control or oversight of private companies.
- A centralized enterprise is generally more cost effective than multiple smaller ones. Therefore splitting up a public company into smaller private chunks will reduce efficiency.
- Profits from successful enterprises end up in private pockets instead of being available for the common good.
- Nationalised industries are usually guaranteed against bankruptcy by the state, they can therefore borrow money at a lower interest rate to reflect the lower risk of loan default to the lender.
- In cases where public services or utillities are privatised, it can create a conflict of interest between profit and maintaining a sufficient service. A private company may be tempted to cut back on maintenance or staff training etc, to maximise profits.
In the short-term, privatization can cause tremendous social upheaval, as privatizations are nearly always accompanied by large layoffs. If a small firm is privatized in a large economy, the effect may be negligible. If a single large firm or many small firms are privatized at once, a whole nation's economy may plunge into despair. For example, in the Soviet Union, many state industries were often not even value adding, with cost of inputs exceeding the cost of outputs. After privatization, sixteen percent of the workforce became unemployed in both Eastern Germany and Poland. The social consequences of this process have been horrendous, impoverishing millions, but to little social benefit in many post-Communist countries. In the process, Russia has gone from having one of the world's most equitable distributions of wealth in the Soviet era to one of the least today. There has been a dearth of large-scale investment to modernize Soviet industries and businesses still trade with each other by means of barter.
Privatization in the absence of a market system may lead to assets being held by a few very wealthy people, a so-called oligarchy, at the expense of the general population and may discredit the process of economic reform. This is notably the case in Russia, Mexico, and Brazil.
Moreover, where free-market economics are rapidly imposed, a country may not have the bureaucratic tools necessary to regulate it. This has been a pertinent problem in Russia and in many South American countries, although some other Eastern European countries, such as Poland and the Czech Republic, fared better in this respect, partly through the support of the European Union. Paradoxically, while Britain has long had a market economy, it also faced this issue after it privatized utilities in the Thatcher era; Britain's utilities regulator was often criticized as being ineffective.
If the privatized company is a natural monopoly, or exists in a market which is prone to serious market failures, consumers may be worse off if the company is in private hands. This seems to have been the case with rail privatization in the UK and New Zealand; in both countries, government intervention has become necessary. In cases where privatization has been successful, it is because genuine competition has arisen. A good example of this is long-distance telecommunications in Europe, where the former state-owned enterprises lost their monopolies, competitors entered the market, and tariffs for international calls fell dramatically.
If the privatization does not fully transfer property rights to the newly private firm, there may be disincentives for the firm to make capital investments. This was a particular problem in the case of the privatized rail track-leasing company in the UK.
Many have argued that the strategy of privatization in Russia differed from those seen in more successful post-communist economies like Hungary and Poland, and combined with capital market liberalization, and failure to establish institutional infrastructure, have led to incentives for capital flight, contributing to post-communist economic contraction in Russia.
Likewise, countries such as Argentina which embarked upon far-reaching privatization programs, selling off valuable, profitable industries such as energy companies, rapidly impoverished the governments. Revenue streams which could previously be directed towards social ends (health, education, etc.) suddenly dried up, resulting in catastrophic drop in public services.
Privatization can also have a ripple effect on local economies. State-owned enterprises can be obliged to patronize national or local suppliers. Privatized companies don't have that restriction, hence shift purchasing elsewhere. Bolivia underwent a rigorous privatization program in the mid 1990s, with disastrous impact on the local economy.
Some privatizations have already been deemed failures. British Rail is one such case. The track-owning company has been effectively repossessed by the government, and many of the train-running companies are at risk of having their concession removed for failing to provide adequate services. One of them, Connex, actually had its franchise cut short in June 2003 by the government for what the Strategic Rail Authority called "poor financial management." However, in other cases, particularly in poor countries, unsuccessful privatizations cannot be so easily undone. Governments don't have the resources or the political will to do it, and there is strong pressure exerted by international lending agencies to leave the situation as it is.
Finally, it has been argued that the Chinese economic reform has illustrated that economic reform can take place in the absence of mass privatization.
The above arguments have centered on whether or not it is realistic to apply privatization theory to the real world, but some reject the profit incentive. Some opponents of privatization often argue that because the driving motive of a private company is profit, not public service, the public welfare may be sacrificed to the demands of profitability. There is no definitive answer, but a strong argument can be made for leaving essential services, such as water, electricity, health, primary education, and so forth, in public hands.
Corporatization
New Zealand has experienced the privatization of its telecommunication industry, its railway system and part of its electricity market. The process of privatization was halted in 1999 when the New Zealand Labour Party won the election. Although most of the electricity generation and the electricity transmission system remain state owned, the government has corporatized this sector as well as New Zealand Post, the Airways Corporation and other smaller state-owned enterprises (SOEs).
The effect of corporatization has been to convert the state departments into public companies and interpose commercial boards of directors between the shareholding ministers and the management of the enterprises. To some extent, this model has enabled efficiencies to be gained without ownership of strategic organizations being transferred. This has been the policy of the People's Republic of China.
Partial list of privatizations
United Kingdom
Germany
- British Telecom
- British Steel
- British Gas
- British Airways
- British Airports Authority
- British Petroleum
- British Rail
- Cable and Wireless
- Water industry
- Electricity Industry
- One million council-owned houses sold to their tenants
The Netherlands
- Deutsche Telekom
Australia
- PTT, the mail and telecom company
- NS, the railways
New Zealand For more, see also: state-owned enterprises
- Qantas
- Commonwealth Bank of Australia
- Telstra (49% privatised; remaining 51% to be privatised soon)
- Commonwealth Serum Laboratories
- Commonwealth Industrial Gases
- Commonwealth Oil Refineries
- Electricity and gas supplies in Victoria
- State-owned betting agencies in most States
- Many long-distance and urban passenger railway services
- All freight railway services except Queensland Rail
- Most State-owned banks
- Government Printing Service (New South Wales)
- Government Cleaning Service (New South Wales)
- Government Insurance Office in New South Wales
- All public transport in Melbourne
- Sydney Airport
Iraq
- Auckland International Airport
- Air New Zealand - subsequently rescued by the Crown
- Contact Energy
- Bank of New Zealand - subsequently rescued by the Crown, and later reprivatised
- Government Print
- Telecom New Zealand
- New Zealand Rail (later Tranz Rail) - Government has offered to repurchase the track lease
- various council-controlled organisations owned by territorial authorities
Japan
- (planned) most industries except oil, at the behest of the United States occupation government.
- Nippon Telegraph and Telephone
- Japan Post (half-privatized)
- Japan Tobacoo
- Japan Railway
Notable anti-privatization protests
Bolivia
Peru
- Cochabamba Riots of 2000
- Arequipa, June 2002
Non-state, non-centralized alternatives to privatization
- cooperatives
- participatory economics
See also
- Deregulation
- Publification
External links
- Privatization.org (pro-privatization)
- Privatization page on the NCPA website
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Privatization."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| PRINCESS | English | Private networks computer-aided evaluation and sizing systems | Public Administration, Computing |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: PrivateSynonyms: individual(a) (adj), secret (adj), buck private (n), common soldier (n). (additional references) |
| Synonym by domain: pte (military & defense, labor). |
| Antonym: public (adj). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Allocution | Take aside, take by the button; talk to in private. |
Combatant | Infantry, infantryman, private, private soldier, foot soldier; Tommy Atkins, rank and file, peon, trooper, sepoy, legionnaire, legionary, cannon fodder, food for powder; officer; (commander); subaltern, ensign, standard bearer; spearman, pikeman; spear bearer; halberdier, lancer; musketeer, carabineer, rifleman, jager, sharpshooter, yager, skirmisher; grenadier, fusileer; archer, bowman. |
Concealment | Adverb: secretly; Adjective: in secret, in private, in one's sleeve, in holes and corners; in the dark; Adjective: |
Adjective: concealed; Verb: hidden; secret, recondite, mystic, cabalistic, occult, dark; cryptic, cryptical; private, privy, in petto, auricular, clandestine, close, inviolate; tortuous. | |
Conversation | Discourse with, confer with, commune with, commerce with; hold converse, hold conference, hold intercourse; talk it over; be closeted with; talk with one in private, tete-a-tete. |
Method | Roadway, pathway, stairway; express; thoroughfare; highway; turnpike, freeway, royal road, coach road; broad highway, King's highway, Queen's highway; beaten track, beaten path; horse road, bridle road, bridle track, bridle path; walk, trottoir, footpath, pavement, flags, sidewalk; crossroad, byroad, bypath, byway; cut; short cut; (mid-course); carrefour; private road, occupation road; highways and byways; railroad, railway, tram road, tramway; towpath; causeway; canal; (conduit); street; (abode); speedway. |
Modesty | Keep private, keep in the background, keep one's distance; pursue the noiseless tenor of one's way, " do good by stealth and blush to find it fame ", hide one's light under a bushel, cast a sheep's eye. |
Seclusion Exclusion | Adjective: secluded, sequestered, retired, delitescent, private, bye; out of the world, out of the way; " the world forgetting by the world forgot ". |
Selfishness | Adverb: ungenerously; Adjective: to gain some private ends, from interested motives. |
Ship | Jet plane, rocket plane, jet liner, turbojet, prop-jet, propeller plane; corporate plane, corporate jet, private plane, private aviation; airline, common carrier; fighter, bomber, fighter-bomber, escort plane, spy plane; supersonic aircraft, subsonic aircraft. |
Speciality | Adjective: special, particular, individual, specific, proper, personal, original, private, respective, definite, determinate, especial, certain, esoteric, endemic, partial, party, peculiar, appropriate, several, characteristic, diagnostic, exclusive; singular; (exceptional); idiomatic; idiotypical; typical. |
Wit | Jest, joke, jape, jibe; facetiae, levity, quips and cranks; capital joke; canorae nugae; standing jest, standing joke, private joke, conceit, quip, quirk, crank, quiddity, concetto, plaisanterie, brilliant idea; merry thought, bright thought, happy thought; sally; flash of wit, flash of merriment; scintillation; mot, mot pour rire; witticism, smart saying, bon-mot,jeu d'esprit,epigram; jest book; dry joke, quodlibet, cream of the jest. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Private |
| English words defined with "private": buck private ♦ in private ♦ Private act, private instructor, private road, Private soldier, Private way. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "private": clerk, private wire-billing and control, Corresponding Private Domain ♦ detective, private eye, digital private networks signaling system, digital private networks signalling system ♦ INVESTIGATOR, PRIVATE ♦ non-denominational private education, NURSE, PRIVATE DUTY ♦ other private schemes ♦ Private Automatic Branch eXchange, private automatic exchange, Private Branch Exchange, private capital flow, private limited company, private mortgage insurance, Private Sector, private sector flows ♦ recognised private operating agency, recognized private operating agency ♦ School, Public or private, State and Private Forestry ♦ Virtual Private Network. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "private": Veretillum. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | I'm a private no-class dogface (From Here to Eternity; writing credit: Ernest Tidyman) So, you think you could outclever us french folks with your silly, knees-bent, running-about, advancing behavior? I wave my private parts at your aunties, you cheesy-leather, second-hand, electric donkey bottom biters (Monty Python and the Holy Grail; writing credit: Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle, Terry Jones, and Michael Palin.) Private Pyle, you are so ugly (Full Metal Jacket; writing credit: Gustav Hasford, Michael Herr, Stanley Kubrick) The six of us with no money and in private are gonna solve a conspiracy that the Warren Commission couldn't solve (JFK; writing credit: Jim Marrs; Jim Garrison) Ah, this fella says he needs to go out back for a little private time (Toy Story 2; writing credit: John Lasseter; Peter Docter) | |
Lyrics | It's a private emotion that fills you tonight (Private Emotion; performing artist: Ricky Martin) I'm your private dancer, a dancer for money (PRIVATE DANCER; performing artist: Tina Turner) In private 'cause each time I see you ("Walk on By"; performing artist: Dionne Warwick) Who's the black private dick ("Theme From Shaft"; performing artist: Isaac Hayes) Go somewhere private where we can discuss fashion (I Just Wanna Love U (Give it 2 Me); performing artist: Jay-Z) | |
Clever | In his private heart no man much respects himself. (references; author: Mark Twain) When people do not respect us we are sharply offended; yet deep down in his private heart no man much respects himself. (references; author: Mark Twain) Success always occurs in private, and failure in full view. (references; author: unknown) Never trust a Private with a loaded weapon, or an Officer with a map. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | The Execution of Private Slovik (1974) Private Eye Inch High (1973) Abortion: Public Issue or Private Matter (1971) Private Arrangement (1970) | |
Song Titles | Private Emotiom (performing artist: Ricky Martin) Private Dancer (performing artist: Tina Turner) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
| ||
Books |
| ||
Periodicals |
| ||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
High Tech |
| ||
Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Norman Porter On LYDONIA Served with Marines in WWII Went into private surveying practice after war. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | Land surveyor using odometer in United States A private county surveyor. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | Small shrimp boat tied up at a private pier. Credit: America's Coastlines. |  | Private boat docks at Gig Harbor. Credit: America's Coastlines. |
 | W.I.N.G.S. (Wildlife Incentives for Non-game and Game Species) is a private conservation grant program funded by the Georgia Power Company and administered by Two Rivers RC&D Council. Credit: Dot Paul. |  | NRCS District Conservationist Rhonda Holliday visits with Cass County, Illinois private landowner. They are checking the installation of a water control device which will manage water levels on the 238-acre wetland. Credit: Bob Nichols. |
 | Blm sign for private and public land. Credit: Unknown. |  | Private landowner increasing his winter cow feedby planting four wing saltbushBrush, grass. Credit: Roger Rosentreter. |
 | Acrylic painting of a pair of Greater Scaups by James Hautman, 2015 Xanthus Lane, Plymouth, Minnesota 55447. Jim's work has been displayed in the Oval Office of the White House, The Smithsonian Institution, the Leigh Yawkey Woodson Art Museum, and in public and private collections throughout the world. In 1990 he became the youngest artist ever to win the Federal Duck Stamp Contest. He won again in 1995 when his mallard painting received the first ever perfect score of 25. In 1998, Jim tied his own record by winning the 1999-2000 Federal Duck Stamp with another perfect score. |  | "Da Nang, Vietnam . . . A young Marine private waits on the beach during the Marine landing" By an unknown photographer, August 3, 1965. Credit: National Archives and Records Administration, Records of the U.S. Marine Corps. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Private" by Matthew Maaskant Commentary: "The word PRIVATE in text on a brick wall. Visit http://www.qr5.com ." | "Private" by Uschi Hering Commentary: "Signing a private road towards a farm." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Alphonse De Lamartine | Private passions tire and exhaust themselves, public ones never. |
Andrew Marvell | The grave's a fine and private place, but none, I think, do there embrace. |
Author Unknown | Private bravery is often the price of personal victory. |
Charles Caleb Colton | Theories are private property, but truth is common stock. |
Henry Brooks Adams | Morality is a private and costly luxury. |
Henry Ward Beecher | Private opinion is weak, but public opinion is almost omnipotent. |
John Dryden | And leaves the private conscience for the guide. |
Joseph Addison | The post of honor is a private station. |
Miguel de Cervantes | A private sin is not so prejudicial in this world as a public indecency. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
John Locke | 1690 | And this is making use of the power any one has in his hands, not for the good of those who are under it, but for his own private separate advantage. (Second Treatise of Government) |
US Bill of Rights | 1795 | Amendment V. No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. (reference) |
Communist Manifesto | 1848 | You are horrified at our intending to do away with private property. (reference) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | The Members of the League agree that the manufacture by private enterprise of munitions and implements of war is open to grave objections. (reference) |
Winston S. Churchill | 1946 | It is also an honor, perhaps almost unique, for a private visitor to be introduced to an academic audience by the President of the United States. ("Iron Curtain" Speech) |
United Nations | 1948 | Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance. (reference) |
Brown v. Board of Education | 1954 | Education of white children was largely in the hands of private groups. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | Emma denied none of it aloud, and agreed to none of it in private. |
Sylvie and Bruno Concluded | Carroll, Lewis | Criticisms have, however, reached me from private sources, to some of which I propose to offer a reply |
Scarlet Letter | Hawthorne, Nathaniel | They were documents, in short, not official, but of a private nature, or, at least, written in his private capacity, and apparently with his own hand |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | But he attended only one sitting, and three or four private conferences |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | When you told me that night in Harcourt Street those things about your private life, honest to God, Stevie, I was not able to eat my dinner |
Time Enough for Love | Robert Heinlein | Writing is not necessarily something to be ashamed of, but do it in private and wash your hands afterwards |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | He ignored the whole speech of the preacher, as though it were some private thing that should not be inspected |
Gulliver's Travels | Swift, Jonathan | I have some private reasons to believe, that this visit from his Majesty gave Flimnap an opportunity of doing me ill offices to his master |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | Public opinion is a weak tyrant compared with our own private opinion |
Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead | Tom Stoppard | Inside where nothing shows, I am the essence of a man spinning double-headed coins, and betting against himself in private atonement for an unremembered past |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Insist that patients reveal private or sensitive information. (references) | |
Other public and private resources can help with the remaining 20 percent. (references) | ||
Funders of research, both public and private, must be involved in this developing field. (references) | ||
Business | Half of its members are private firms. (references) | |
Private equity fund involvement in the sector. (references) | ||
These are all operating in the private sector. (references) | ||
Children | El Salvador | Foreign funds for badly needed rehabilitation services channeled through the Telethon Foundation Pro-Rehabilitation, a local private voluntary organization, helped address numerous rehabilitation issues and provided alternatives for the education and rehabilitation of persons with disabilities. (references) |
Ireland | The 1991 Building Regulations Act established minimum criteria to ensure access for persons with disabilities to all public and private buildings constructed or significantly altered after 1992; however, enforcement is uneven. (references) | |
Lebanon | Most efforts to secure education, independence, health, and shelter for persons with disabilities are made by approximately 100 private organizations. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Gambia | On June 15, eight staff journalists, including the editor-in-chief of the only private daily newspaper, The Daily Observer, resigned. (references) |
Gambia | Private journalists and the general public severely criticized Jammeh's threat and accused him of intimidating journalists of the television and public radio. (references) | |
Indonesia | Some observers called for the abolition of the LSF, which censors films for sex and violence, although there was no attempt at enforcement by the LSF. As of October, 779 private radio broadcasting companies exist in addition to the Government's radio network. (references) | |
Discrimination | Hong Kong | Human rights groups continued to call for laws specifically targeting, among other problems, public or private discrimination based on race and age. (references) |
Tonga | Nonetheless it is possible for ordinary citizens to rise to cabinet positions in government and to accumulate great wealth and status in the private sector. (references) | |
Vietnam | This prohibition is less restrictive than in past years because of the growth in private sector job opportunities. (references) | |
Economic History | India | Credit and reputation checks will be easier, with a number of private organizations now providing these services in India. (references) |
Indonesia | Indonesian government policy is to encourage private sector-led growth and foreign investment. (references) | |
India | Central Bureau of Health Intelligence study confirms that a majority of Indians, particularly the middle and high-income groups, have confidence in healthcare products and services offered by private hospitals rather than the government-owned healthcare agencies. (references) | |
Human Rights | Lithuania | Pursuant to a change in the law, since April prisoners' complaints to courts, the Parliament controller, and human rights groups have not been censored, and censorship of their private correspondence has been subject to stricter control by prison authorities. (references) |
Mongolia | If a defendant cannot afford a private attorney, the Government appoints an attorney. (references) | |
Colombia | Other groups were actually the paid, private armies of drug traffickers or large landowners. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Indonesia | When indigenous people clash with those promoting private sector development projects, the developers almost always prevail. (references) |
Brazil | The lands are the subject of a civil action by private landowners. (references) | |
Costa Rica | In 1999 a group of indigenous persons from Puntarenas challenged the constitutionality of the 1978 Indigenous Law because of their inability to possess private property on the reservation. (references) | |
Minorities | Spain | The Law of the Catalan Language, approved by the Catalan regional legislature (Generalitat) in 1998, stipulates the use of Catalan as the official language in local government and administrative offices, regional courts, publicly owned corporations, and private companies subsidized by the Catalan regional Government. (references) |
Togo | In particular discrimination against southerners by northerners and against northerners by southerners is evident in private sector hiring and buying patterns, in patterns of de facto ethnic segregation in urban neighborhoods, and in the relative rarity of marriages across the north-south ethnic divide. (references) | |
Mali | No single ethnic group predominates in either the private sector or the public sector. (references) | |
Political Economy | BOLIVIA | The 1996 Hydrocarbons Law authorized YPFB (the petroleum parastatal company) to enter into joint ventures with private firms and to contract companies to take over YPFB fields and operations, including refining and transportation. (references) |
Gabon | The State dominates much of the economy through telecommunications, timber export, and oil refinery parastatals; however, the production of wood, oil, and minerals largely was private, and the water, electric, railroad, and sugar parastatals have been privatized. (references) | |
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES | In some areas of the private sector, 99 percent of workers are non-UAE nationals. (references) | |
Political Rights | Hong Kong | A motion proposed by a prodemocracy legislator to repeal restrictions on private members' bills was rejected in January 2000; however, the Legislative Council's degree of popular representation and outspokenness gives the Government cause to consider its views. (references) |
Cape Verde | This council consists of the President of the National Assembly, the Prime Minister, the President of the Constitutional Court, the Attorney General, the Ombudsman, the President of the Economic and Social Council, the former presidents, and five private citizens appointed by the President. (references) | |
Egypt | The ruling National Democratic Party dominates the 454-seat People's Assembly, the 264-seat Shura Council, local governments, the mass media, labor, and the large public sector, and controls the licensing of new political parties, newspapers, and private organizations to such an extent that, as a practical matter, citizens do not have a meaningful ability to change their government. (references) | |
Trade | Albania | The EBRD has a USD 93 million dollar portfolio in Albania with projects in both the public and private sectors. (references) |
Argentina | Besides project finance, IFC also provides legal and technical assistance to private enterprises. (references) | |
Armenia | Armenia's banking sector consists of one state-controlled bank (Savings Bank) and 30 private commercial banks with over 220 branches. (references) | |
Travel | Uk | Unlicensed taxis or private cars posing as taxis may offer low fares, but are often uninsured and may have unlicensed drivers. (references) |
Nigeria | Medical facilities are available in Nigeria, but in practice foreign business visitors normally restrict themselves to private clinics, available in large urban areas. (references) | |
Qatar | Banking hours are 8:00 AM to 12:30 PM, while private sector hours are generally 8:00 AM to 12:30 PM and 4:00 PM to 7:30 PM, Saturday through Thursday. (references) | |
Women | Gabon | Women own businesses and property, participate in politics, and work throughout the government and the private sector. (references) |
Oman | In both the public and private sectors, women are entitled to maternity leave and equal pay for equal work. (references) | |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Anecdotal accounts indicate that women and men generally receive equal pay for equal work at socially owned enterprises but not always at private businesses. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Sri Lanka | Unions represent most workers in large private firms, but those in small-scale agriculture and small businesses usually do not belong to unions. (references) |
Morocco | In August 2000, during labor unrest near Casablanca, the nephew of a private transportation company owner drove a bus into a crowd of striking workers, killing 3 persons and injuring 12, in an attempt to end the occupation and obstruction of the company's bus depot. (references) | |
Pakistan | Landlords have kept entire families in private prisons and sold families to other landlords. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | DEGRADATION, n. One of the stages of moral and social progress from private station to political preferment. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Fred Thompson | Well, I thought that had been done. I'm not familiar with the details of it. I do know that any of us who have ever been in private life come to town with a certain amount of, if not baggage, certain things that people can make issues of. |
Gerald Ford | In all my public and private acts as your president, I expect to follow my instincts of openness and candor with full confidence that honesty is always the best policy in the end. My fellow Americans, our long national nightmare is over. |
James Hewitt | Someone posed as a private collector. And had they been going to someone who would keep them private, I might well have been tempted to take that sort of money for them. |
Nancy Grace | Well it depends. I would not go for some prurient interest, to observe a human in their last moments. In suffering in what I consider a private moment between them and their maker. |
Robert Novak | Senator, as a side issue, President Bush has come under fire for some stock transactions he made as a private citizen long ago. Vice President Cheney under fire for some decisions he may have made as CEO of Halliburton. |
Rush Limbaugh | Go drive around in the UK and look at the beautiful private hospitals. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Thomas Jefferson | 1801-1809 | That individuals should undertake to wage private war, independently of the authority of their country, can not be permitted in a well-ordered society. |
Harry S. Truman | 1945-1953 | While our peacetime prosperity will be based on the private enterprise system, Government can and must assist in many ways. |
Dwight Eisenhower | 1953-1961 | My friends, before I begin the expression of those thoughts that I deem appropriate to this moment, would you permit me the privilege of uttering a little private prayer of my own. |
John F. Kennedy | 1961-1963 | Morality in private business has not been sufficiently spurred by morality in public business. |
Richard Nixon | 1969-1974 | Before any American troops were committed to Vietnam, a leader of another Asian country expressed this opinion to me when I was traveling in Asia as a private citizen. |
Gerald Ford | 1974-1977 | More money must remain in private hands where it will do the most good. |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | Reconciliation of private needs and interests into a higher purpose. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | Additionally, a major effort will be focused on encouraging the expansion of private community child care. |
George Bush | 1989-1993 | Let me add that Private Markwell was among the first to see battle in Panama, and among the first to fall. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | I ask the private sector and our partners around the world to join us in embracing this cause. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Private" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 95.93% of the time. "Private" is used about 16,924 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 95.93% | 16,236 | 572 |
| Noun (proper) | 3.88% | 657 | 9,962 |
| Noun (singular) | 0.16% | 27 | 66,962 |
| Adverb (general) | 0.02% | 4 | 175,879 |
| Total | 100.00% | 16,924 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| South Africa | Alan Gray Private Investment | United Kingdom | Private & Commercial Finance Group plc |
| USA | Boston Private Financial Holdings, Inc. | ||
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "private": a private nuisance ♦ be private ♦ buck private ♦ by private contract ♦ Corresponding Private Domain ♦ deed under private seal ♦ digital private networks signaling system ♦ digital private networks signalling system ♦ first class private ♦ for my own private use ♦ for private use ♦ give private lessons ♦ his private life ♦ in private ♦ keep private ♦ make private ♦ man of private means ♦ mobile private trunked digital network ♦ other private schemes ♦ personnel private kit ♦ private act ♦ private address ♦ private agreement ♦ private Automatic Branch eXchange ♦ private automatic exchange ♦ private bank ♦ private bath ♦ private beach ♦ private bill ♦ private Branch Exchange ♦ private branch exchange allotting ♦ private call ♦ private capital flow ♦ private car ♦ private citizen ♦ private club ♦ private company ♦ private consumers'expenditure ♦ private consumption ♦ private contract ♦ private conversation ♦ private corporation ♦ private corporations ♦ private deed ♦ private detective ♦ private dwelling ♦ private education ♦ private enterprise ♦ private exchange number ♦ private eye ♦ Private First Class ♦ private fishing ♦ private foundation ♦ private goods wagon ♦ private house ♦ private income ♦ private individual ♦ private instructor ♦ private insurance ♦ private interest ♦ private international law ♦ private investigator ♦ private issue ♦ private key encipherment ♦ private law ♦ private leased line ♦ private lesson ♦ private letter ♦ private life ♦ private limited company ♦ private line ♦ private Manual Branch eXchange ♦ private matter ♦ private means ♦ private member ♦ private member's bill ♦ private meter ♦ private nuisance ♦ private owned vehicle ♦ private ownership ♦ private parts ♦ private party sponsored project ♦ private performance ♦ private person ♦ private pilot ♦ private place ♦ private plane ♦ Private Practice ♦ private prayer ♦ private property ♦ private pupil ♦ private radio station ♦ private reasons ♦ private road ♦ private schemes ♦ private school ♦ private secretary ♦ private sector ♦ private sector flows ♦ private security force ♦ private showing. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "private": private-car, private-enterprise, private-eye, private-eyes, private-for-profit, private-house, private-like, private-line, private-market, private-pension, private-placement, private-practice, private-property, private-public, private-rental, private-rented, private-renting, private-school, private-sector, private-sector company, private-sector-led, private-service, private-study, private-use, private-wire. | |
Ending with "private": non-private, public-private, semi-private. | |
Containing "private": public-to-private-sector. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
private voyeur | 3,090 | private placement | 201 |
private island | 2,920 | private pic | 200 |
private | 2,143 | private web cam | 192 |
private investigator | 1,616 | private college | 189 |
private school | 1,452 | private photo | 185 |
saving private ryan | 514 | private collection | 176 |
private investigation | 492 | private video | 176 |
private jet | 430 | private pilot | 170 |
private mortgage insurance | 425 | online private ragnarok server | 167 |
virtual private network | 381 | private gold | 157 |
private aircraft | 371 | private charter | 156 |
private detective | 355 | karups private collection | 155 |
private label | 348 | private student loan | 154 |
private equity | 332 | private benjamin | 152 |
private health insurance | 295 | private picture | 138 |
private shot | 289 | private ragnarok server | 131 |
hospital london private | 246 | private banking | 126 |
private eye | 224 | private high school | 126 |
private investor | 207 | private sex | 124 |
private health care system | 203 | private beach | 122 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "private"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | privaat, privaat-, ampteloos. (various references) | |
Albanian | privat (particularistic, personal), personal (esoteric, individual, interior, nominal, nominative, one-man, personal, personalized, several), vetiak (one-man, personal, personalized, proper), ushtar i thjeshtë (ranker), organe gjenitale (genital organs, genitalia, genitals, privates, privy parts), konfidencial (esoteric, privy), i vetmuar (bleak, cloistered, desolate, eremitic, lone, lonely, lonesome, out of the way, privy, recluse, remote, retired, secluded, solitary), i thjeshtë (abecedarian, artless, austere, bare, chaste, childlike, common, easy, elementary, enlisted, folksy, foolproof, Hick, home-bred, homely, homespun, humble, inelaborate, informal, ingenuous, inornate, mere, modest, native, natural, neat, not mingled, onefold, ordinary, plain, prime, primitive, pure, quotidian, rude, russet, rustic, simple, unaffected, unassuming, unceremonious, unpretending, unpretentious, unsophisticated, very), i fshehtë (backdoor, clandestine, close, colorable, colourable, confidential, cryptic, dark, deep, deep-seated, elfish, elvish, esoteric, furtive, hidden, hole-and-corner, insidious, internal, latent, occult, Perdue, privy, quiet, secret, secretive, sly, stealthy, subterranean, under the counter, under the table, under wraps, undercover, underhand, underhanded, unearthly, veiled). (various references) | |
Arabic | منعزل (bleak, downcast, hideaway, insulate, isolated, lone, lonely, lonesome, quiet, recluse, retired, secluded, separate, separated, shy, solitary, withdrawn), ملاكي, وحيد (alone, exclusive, lone, lonesome, one, one and only, only, single, solitary, unique), سري (clandestine, classified, close, closet, confidential, covert, cryptic, discreet, furtive, hugger mugger, hush hush, inmost, low key, mysterious, mystic, occult, off the record, privy, sacramental, secret, slinking, stealthy, subterranean, surreptitious, umbilical, undercover, underground, underhand), عوري, عسكري (man of arms, martial, military, serviceman, soldier), خصوصي (characteristic, confidential, exclusive, individual, particular, peculiar, personal, special, specific), خاص (ad hoc, individual, particular, peculiar, personal, privy, proper, relative, special, specific), جندي من الدرجة الثانية, جندي (man of arms, serviceman, soldier), شخصي (individual, particular, singular, subjective). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | усамотен (isolated, lonely, remote, retired, secluded, solitary, unfrequented), уединен (lone, lonely, obscure, recluse, retired, secluded, secret, solitary, withdrawn), скрит (cagey, cagy, clandestine, close, covert, delitescent, dormant, furtive, hidden, implicit, implied, insidious, latent, occult, potential, privy, recondite, secret, sneaking, snug, ulterior, underlying), редник (ranker, rating), частен (particular, peculiar, privy, proprietary), таен (arcane, backdoor, clandestine, confidential, cryptic, dark, darkling, esoteric, hole-and-corner, hugger mugger, hush hush, inside, mystic, occult, privy, recondite, secret, sensitive, sneaking, snug, surreptitious, undercover, underground, underhand), вход забранен (no admittance), за собствено ползуване, за частно ползуване, за лично ползуване, личен (finite, individual, intimate, particular, peculiar, personal, privy, subjective), поверителен (classified, confidential, esoteric, hush hush, occult, privileged, privy, restricted, secret), интимен (downstage, familiar, fireside, informal, inner, inofficial, intimate, keyhole, near, pally, personal, privy, tete a tete, thick), изолиран (incommunicado, insular, isolated, secluded, separate, shut in). (various references) | |
Chinese | 私有 (privately owned). (various references) | |
Czech | vojín (soldier), soukromý (executive, intimate, personal, removed), dùvìrný (close, confidential, esoteric, familiar, hail-fellow-well-met, home, hush hush, intimate, off the record, restricted, sensitive). (various references) | |
Danish | privat. (various references) | |
Dutch | privé-, particulier (barge captain, non-governmental, person governed by private law, skipper), besloten. (various references) | |
Esperanto | privata, senofica, nepublika. (various references) | |
Faeroese | einstakur (single), einstaklings-. (various references) | |
Farsi | محرمانه (Backside, Backstage, Esoteric, Secret, Surreptitious), مستور, سرباز (Soldier), خصوصی (Backside, Backstage, Closet, Informal, Personal, Subjective), اختصاصی (Privy, Proprietary, Separate). (various references) | |
Finnish | yksityinen (individual, special). (various references) | |
French | privé (privy). (various references) | |
German | privat (home, in private, independent, personal, privately, socially), geheim (clandestine, confidential, intimate, occult, occultly, privy, restricted, secret, ulterior, undercover). (various references) | |
Greek | ιδιωτικόσ (personal), ιδιωτικός, ιδιαίτεροσ (chaplain, especial, particular, privy, special, specific), ιδιαίτερος (separate), μυστικόσ (clandestine, esoteric, hidden, hugger mugger, mystical, privy, privy to, secret, suppressible, surreptitious, undercover, underground, undisclosed), προσωπικόσ (individual, personal), φαντάρος, απλόσ στρατιώτησ, απλός στρατιώτης. (various references) | |
Hebrew | פרטי (individual, particular), חיל פשוט, אישי (individual, personal, subjective), טוראי. (various references) | |
Hungarian | privát, magánterület, bizalmas (chummy, colloquial, confidant, confidante, confidential, counsellor, discrete, familiar, gossiping, internal, intimate, low down, near, shirt-sleeve, shirttail, thick, trusted), egyéni (especial, individual, particular, personal, several, subjective, substantive), egyedüllét (aloneness, loneliness, privacy, solitude), közkatona (enlisted man, ordinary soldier, private soldier, ranker), közlegény (buck private, ranker, soldier, tommy), különjárat (charter), kb. õrvezetõ, belépni tilos, magán- (personal, privy, unofficial), zártkörű (exclusive, private dance), magántermészetű (privy), magányosság (loneliness, privacy, retreat, seclusion, solitariness, solitude), matróz (boatman, boatmen, jack-tar, lascar, matelot, ordinary seaman, sailor, seaman, tar), nem nyilvános, sor (array, bed, enfilade, file, line, pvt, queue, range, rank, rope, row, scale, series, tier), sorkatona (man, man-at-arms), magán (privy, unprofessional). (various references) | |
Indonesian | pribadi (personal). (various references) | |
Italian | senza impiego, privato (personal, private person, privy, proprietary, quiet), privado, particulare. (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 窃か (secret, surreptitious). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ひそか (secret, surreptitious), みんかん (civil, civilian, folk, popular, unofficial), わたくしりつ, こじん (ancient people, individual, old friend, personal, private person, the deceased), いっとうへい (pfc), いっこ (a fragment, a household, a piece, notice of, one, one house, oneself, personal, the first beat of the war drum), にし (two out, west), にとうへい, へいそつ (rank and file, ranks, soldier), ひこうかい, プライベート , してき (historic, historical, identification, personal, poetic, pointing out), しりつ (municipal), しせい (administration, attitude, city conditions, devotion, female, four tones, government, great poet, life and death, municipal census, municipal government, municipal organization, municipality, one's nature or disposition, posture, sincerity, statesmanship, tattoo, the four castes, the four great sages, the street, the town), しせつ (delegate, embassy, engineer, envoy, establishment, facility, institution, mission, personal opinion, the teacher's theory), ないぶん (confidential, secret), ないない (confidential, family circle, informal, secret, the inside), なかまうち (among ones people, informal), うちうち (confidential, family circle, informal, secret, the inside). (various references) | |
Korean | 개인 (individual, one-man, Personal). (various references) | |
Manx | sidoor (campaigner, pawn, soldier, soldier man), preevaadjagh, persoonagh (personal), follit (blind, blind of turning, bottled up, clandestine, classified, concealed, covert, cryptic, etc., etc.), hidden, hush-hush, latent, private and confidential, secret, secreted, underground, veiled), cleagh. (various references) | |
Papiamen | privá. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | ivatepray.(various references) | |
Polish | prywatny. (various references) | |
Portuguese | privado (intimate, particular, privy), particular (cabinet, closet, confidential, especial, individual, inmost, intimate, particular, peculiar, personal, privy, separate, special, specific, tete-a-tete), confidencial (auricular, classified, confidential, tete-a-tete). (various references) | |
Portuguese Brazilian | particular (particular). (various references) | |
Romanian | privat (personal, privy), personal (by oneself, individual, individually, original, own, particular, peculiarly, personal, personally, personnel, staff), particular (peculiar, personal, privy, proprietary, separate, specific), tainic (close, cover, covert, dark, hidden, inmost, inner, innermost, inside, intimate, isolated, mysterious, mysteriously, mystic, obscure, privy, quiet, secret, stealthy), secret (arcanum, close, confidential, cover, covertly, hidden, hugger mugger, internal, mysterious, mystery, occult, privy, quiet, reticence, secrecy, secret, secretly, ulterior, underground, undisclosed, unspoken, untold), retras (covert, drawn, lone, lonely, quiet, recluse, remote, reserved, retired, retiring, secluded, seclusive, secret, separate, sequestered, solitary, unfrequented), ostaş (man, soldier), organe genitale (genital), izolat (apart, detached, isolated, lonely, lonesome, out of the way, remote, removed, retired, scattered, secluded, seclusive, segregate, separate, sequestered, solitary, unfrequented), intim (close, cordial, familiar, friendly, heart-to-heart, hearty, home-felt, homelike, in, innermost, internal, intimate, inward, mutual, near), individual (distinct, individual, individually, particular, particularly, personal, several, severally, single, substantive), confidenţial (confidential, confidentially, privately, secret), care nu ocupã o funcţie publicã. (various references) | |
Russian | частный (particularistic, peculiar, privy). (various references) | |
Scottish | dìomhair (secret). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | privatan (privy, tete a tete), tajni (backstage, furtive, privy, secret, sneaky, stealthy, undercover), redov (ranker), ličan (individual, personal, prejudiced, subjective). (various references) | |
Spanish | privado (abridged, bereft, favorite, favourite, independent, inquiry, intimate, minion, personal, privy, proprietary, quiet). (various references) | |
Swedish | privat (closet, in private, personal, privately), menig (enlisted man, gi), enskild (individual, personal, separate, specific, unadopted). (various references) | |
Turkish | yalnız (alone, by yourself, exclusively, isolated, just, lone, lonely, lonesome, merely, on one's tod, only, single handed, singly, sole, solitarily, solitary, unaccompanied, unattended), mahrem (camera, close, closet, confidental, hush hush, privy, secluded, secret), müstakil (self contained, separate), kişiye özel (personal, proprietary), kişisel (closet, individual, intimate, personal, self, singular), has (appropriate, peculiar, special), halka kapalı, gizli (arcane, back door, blind, camera, clandestine, classified, closet, concealed, confidential, covert, cryptic, cryptical, crypto-, disguised, esoteric, furtive, hidden, hole-and-corner, hugger mugger, huggermugger, hush hush, inner, intimate, latent, masked, occult, perdu, Perdue, privy, quiet, restricted, sealed, secluded, secret, secretly, slinky, sneaking, sneakingly, sneaky, snug, stealthy, sub rosa, submerged, submersed, subterranean, subterraneous, surreptitious, ulterior, under cover, underarm, undercover, underground, underhand, underhanded, undisclosed, unsearchable, unseen), er (buck private, man, private soldier, ranker, soldier), şahsi (closet, individual, personal, proprietary, self), özel (ad hoc, closet, distinctive, esoteric, especial, exclusive, express, extraordinary, individual, intimate, particular, peculiar, personal, privy, proper, proprietary, self, sole, special, specific, state, very). (various references) | |
Turkmen | hususy. (various references) | |
Ukrainian | секретний (back room, classified, confidential, hole-and-corner, hush hush, privy, secret, sensitive, subterraneous, underhand, underneath), самітний (alone, cloistered, close, desolate, friendless, lone, privy, single, singular, solitary, widowed), рядовий (common or garden, nonrated man, ordinary), цивільний (civic, civil, civilian, temporal), таємний (arcane, back door, backstairs, clandestine, close, closet, colorable, colourable, covert, cryptic, esoteric, hideaway, hole-and-corner, hugger mugger, hush hush, invisible, mystic, occult, occulted, offscreen, secret, sly, sneaking, stealthy, subterranean, surreptitious, undercover), особистий (individual, interior, peculiar, personal, several, subjective), окремий (detached, discriminate, distinct, especial, individual, isolated, particular, partitive, self contained, separate, single), закритий (close, closed, covered, enclosed, hooded, shut, spaceless), приватний (back yard, offstage, privy, proprietary, special). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | tư (personal), riêng (characteristic, corporal, distinct, individual, peculiar, privy, sui generis), mật, lính trơn, khuất nẻo (sequestered), kín đáo (close, cryptic, cryptically, dark, inconspicuous, rose, secret, shamefaced, undemonstrative), kín xa vắng, cá nhân riêng, binh nhì, bí mật (backstairs, clandestine, close, cryptic, cryptically, hush-hush, inward, inwards, subterranean, subterraneous, surreptitious, undercover, underground). (various references) | |
Welsh | preifat, cyfrinachol (confidential, secret). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Sumerian | 3100 BCE-2500 BCE | u-rum. (various references) |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | domestica, domesticam, domestici, domesticis, domesticorum, domesticos, domesticum, peculiarem, peculiaria, peculiaris, privata, privati, privatus, secreta, secrete, secretiora, secretiori, secretis, secreto, secretorum, secretum. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Matthew Chapter 6, Verse 6 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Su de otan proseuch eiselqe eiV to tamieion sou kai kleisaV thn quran sou proseuxai tw patri sou tw en tw kruptw kai o pathr sou o blepwn en tw kruptw apodwsei soi en tw fanerw |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Tu autem cum orabis intra in cubiculum tuum et cluso ostio tuo ora Patrem tuum in abscondito et Pater tuus qui videt in abscondito reddet tibi |
| Old English | 990 | West Saxon | Þu soðlice þonne þu þe bidde. gangin-to þinen hel-clyfen. & þinre dure belocenre.bide þinne fader on diglen. & þinfæder þe sihð on dyglen hyt agylt þe. |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | But whanne thou schalt preye, entre in to thi couche, and whanne the dore is schet, preye thi fadir in hidils, and thi fadir that seeth in hidils, schal yelde to thee. |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | But when thou prayest entre into thy chamber and shut thy dore to the and praye to thy father which ys in secrete: and thy father which seith in secret shall rewarde the openly. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | But thou, when thou prayest, enter into thy closet, and when thou hast shut thy door, pray to thy Father which is in secret; and thy Father which seeth in secret shall reward thee openly. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | But thou, when thou prayest, enter into thy closet, and when thou hast shut thy door, pray to thy Father who is in secret, and thy Father who seeth in secret, will reward thee openly. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | But when you make your prayer, go into your private room, and, shutting the door, say a prayer to your Father in secret, and your Father, who sees in secret, will give you your reward. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Matthew Chapter 6, Verse 6 |
| Cebuano | Apan ikaw, sa magaampo ka, sumulod ka sa imong lawak ug takpi ang pultahan ug mag-ampo ka sa imong Amahan nga anaa sa tago; ug ang imong Amahan nga nagatan-aw sa tago magabalus kanimo. |
| Croatian | Ti naprotiv, kad moliš, uði u svoju sobu, zatvori vrata i pomoli se svomu Ocu, koji je u skrovitosti. I Otac tvoj, koji vidi u skrovitosti, uzvratit æe ti." |
| Danish | Men du, når du beder, da gå ind i dit Kammer, og luk din Dør, og bed til din Fader, som er i Løndom, og din Fader, som ser i Løndom, skal betale dig. |
| Dutch | Maar gij, wanneer gij bidt, gaat in uw binnenkamer, en uw deur gesloten hebbende, bidt uw Vader, Die in het verborgen is; en uw Vader, Die in het verborgen ziet, zal het u in het openbaar vergelden. |
| Finnish | Vaan sinä, kun rukoilet, mene kammioosi ja sulje ovesi ja rukoile Isääsi, joka on salassa; ja sinun Isäsi, joka salassa näkee, maksaa sinulle. |
| French | Mais quand tu pries, entre dans ta chambre, ferme ta porte, et prie ton Père qui est là dans le lieu secret; et ton Père, qui voit dans le secret, te le rendra. |
| German | Wenn aber du betest, so gehe in dein Kämmerlein und schließ die Tür zu und bete zu deinem Vater im Verborgenen; und dein Vater, der in das Verborgene sieht, wird dir's vergelten öffentlich. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Tetapi kalau kalian berdoa, masuklah ke kamar dan tutuplah pintu, lalu berdoalah kepada Bapamu yang tidak kelihatan itu. Maka Bapamu yang melihat perbuatanmu yang tersembunyi akan memberi upah kepadamu. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Tetapi engkau ini, apabila engkau hendak berdoa, masuklah ke dalam bilikmu, kuncikan pintu bilikmu itu, lalu berdoa kepada Bapamu yang tiada kelihatan, maka Bapamu yang nampak barang yang tiada kelihatan itu, Ialah akan meluluskan kepadamu. |
| Italian | Tu invece, quando preghi, entra nella tua camera e, chiusa la porta, prega il Padre tuo nel segreto; e il Padre tuo, che vede nel segreto, ti ricompenserà. |
| Latvian | Bet tu, kad lûgsi Dievu, ieej savâ kambarî un, durvis aizslçdzis, pielûdz savu Tçvu slepenîbâ, un tavs Tçvs, kas redz slepenîbâ, atalgos tevi. |
| Manx Gaelic | Agh uss, tra t'ou goaill padjer, immee stiagh ayns dty hiamyr; as dooney dty ghorrys, guee gys dty Ayr dy follit, as nee dty Ayr ta fakin ny ta jeant dy follit, leagh y chur dhyt dy foshlit. |
| Maori | Na, ka inoi koe, tomo atu ki tou ruma i roto rawa, a, no ka kati tou tatau, inoi ki tou Matua i te wahi ngaro; a ko tou Matua e kite nei i te wahi ngaro, mana koe e utu. |
| Norwegian | Men du, når du beder, da gå inn i ditt lønnkammer og lukk din dør og bed til din Fader, som er i lønndom, og din Fader, som ser i lønndom, han skal lønne dig i det åpenbare. |
| Portuguese | Mas tu, quando orares, entra no teu quarto e, fechando a porta, ora a teu Pai que está em secreto; e teu Pai, que vê em secreto, te recompensará. |
| Rumanian | Ci tu, cknd te rogi, intrq kn odqiya ta, kncuie-yi uwa, wi roagq-te Tatqlui tqu, care este kn ascuns; wi Tatql tqu, care vede kn ascuns, kyi va rqsplqti. |
| Russian | фЩ ЦЕ, ЛПЗДБ НПМЙЫШУС, ЧПКДЙ Ч ЛПНОБФХ ФЧПА Й, ЪБФЧПТЙЧ ДЧЕТШ ФЧПА, РПНПМЙУШ пФГХ ФЧПЕНХ, лПФПТЩК ЧФБКОЕ; Й пФЕГ ФЧПК, ЧЙДСЭЙК ФБКОПЕ, ЧПЪДБУФ ФЕВЕ СЧОП. |
| Shuar | Tura ame Yus áujeakmeka ame Kuárturmin wayam waiti epenim nui amek ame Apa Yus áujsata. Nuna ame Apa Yus uuka Túramu waitma asa akirmaktatui.' |
| Swahili | Lakini wewe unaposali, ingia chumbani mwako, funga mlango, kisha umwombe Baba yako asiyeonekana. Naye Baba yako aonaye yaliyofichika, atakutuza. |
| Swedish | Nej, när du vill bedja, gå då in i din kammare, och stäng igen din dörr, och bed till din Fader i det fördolda. Då skall din Fader, som ser i det fördolda, vedergälla dig. |
| Uma | Jadi', ane mosampaya-ta, mesua' hi rala tomi, unca wobo', pai' -ta lako' mosampaya-di hi Tuama-ta to uma kahiloa. Apa' nahilo moto-di kehi-ta to uma ra'incai doo, pai' nahiwili-taka mpai'. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "private": privateer, privateered, privateering, privateers, privately, privateness, privatenesses, privater, privates, privatest. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "private": semiprivate. (additional references) | |
| |
"Private" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Aprivate, Brivati, Optivite, Parvati, pivat, poivrade, Prevatte, Previati, privada, Privado, privare, privat, privata, privatae, privaten, privater, privee, priviet, privit, privite, privot, Provita, provote, pryvetee, pryvie, puruvate, rivate. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "private" (pronounced prī"vut) |
| 3 | -v u t | affidavit, civet, covet, pivot, rivet, velvet. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-e-i-p-r-t-v" | |
-1 letter: pirate, privet. | |
-2 letters: aiver, apter, atrip, avert, irate, parve, pater, paver, peart, pieta, prate, retia, rivet, taper, tapir, terai, trave, tripe, viper, vitae. | |
-3 letters: airt, aper, aver, pair, pare, part, pate, pave, pear, peat, peri, pert, pier, pita, prat, rape, rapt, rate, rave, reap, ripe, rite, rive, tape, tare, tarp, tear, tepa, tier. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-e-i-p-r-t-v" | |
+1 letter: livetrap, privater, privates. | |
+2 letters: depravity, evaporite, livetraps, operative, partitive, portative, privateer, privately, privatest, privatise, privative, privatize, proactive, probative, purgative, vaporetti. | |
+3 letters: absorptive, adsorptive, ascriptive, evaporites, evaporitic, imperative, operatives, pejorative, permeative, privateers, privatised, privatises, privatives, privatized, privatizes, purgatives, reparative, separative, vituperate. | |
+4 letters: antipoverty, comparative, cooperative, corporative, depravation, depravities, deprivation, evaporating, evaporation, evaporative, explorative, hyperactive, imperatives, inoperative, livetrapped, operatively, partitively, pejoratives, penetrative, personative, preadaptive, predicative, preparative, prerogative, prevaricate, privateered, privateness, privatively, procreative, propagative, protractive, provocative, replicative, reprivatize, reprobative, semiprivate, sporulative, superlative, suppurative, vituperated, vituperates, vituperator. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Quotations: Familiar 10. Quotations: Historic 11. Quotations: Fiction 12. Quotations: Non-fiction | 13. Quotations: Spoken 14. Quotations: Speeches 15. Usage Frequency 16. Names: Company Usage | 17. Expressions 18. Expressions: Internet 19. Translations: Modern 20. Translations: Ancient | 21. Bible Trace 22. Abbreviations 23. Acronyms 24. Derivations | 25. Rhymes 26. Anagrams 27. Bibliography |
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