Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Positivism

Definition: Positivism

Positivism

Noun

1. The form of empiricism that bases all knowledge on perceptual experience (not on intuition or revelation).

2. A quality or state characterized by certainty or acceptance or affirmation.

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "positivism" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1907. (references)


Specialty Definition: Positivism

DomainDefinition

Satire

POSITIVISM, n. A philosophy that denies our knowledge of the Real and affirms our ignorance of the Apparent. Its longest exponent is Comte, its broadest Mill and its thickest Spencer. Source: Devil's Dictionary.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Positivism

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Positivism is the name for (at least) two philosophical directions. They have in common the idea of a science without theology or metaphysics, based only on facts about the physical / material world.

Structural anthropologist Edmund Leach described positivism during the 1966 Henry Myers Lecture:
Positivism is the view that serious scientific inquiry should not search for ultimate causes deriving from some outside source but must confine itself to the study of relations existing between facts which are directly accessible to observation.

Positivism is also the name of a legal view, usually called legal positivism. Against natural law, it claims that a legal system can be defined independently of evaluative terms or propositions. Sometimes legal positivism is also understood as the view that the law must be obeyed, whatever its content. The late Carlos Nino used to distinguish between these two varieties by calling the former 'methodological' and the latter 'ideological', claiming that only the first was philosophically defensible.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Positivism."

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Synonyms: Positivism

Synonyms: logical positivism (n), positivity (n). (additional references)
Antonym: negativism (n). (additional references)

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Synonyms within Context: Positivism

ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

Heterodoxy

Protestantism, Arianism, Adventism, Jansenism, Stundism, Erastianism, Calvinism, quakerism, methodism, anabaptism, Puseyism, tractarianism, ritualism, Origenism, Sabellianism, Socinianism, Deism, Theism, materialism, positivism,

Irreligion

Atheism; deism; hylotheism; materialism; positivism; nihilism.

Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: Positivism

English words defined with "positivism": Auguste ComteComteErnst Mach, ExternalismIsidore Auguste Marie Francois Comtelogical positivism, Ludwig Josef Johan Wittgenstein, Ludwig WittgensteinMachpositive, Positive philosophy, positivist, positivisticReligion of humanityWittgenstein. (references)
Specialty definitions using "positivism": Positivism. (references)
Non-English Usage: "Positivism" is also a word in the following language with the English translation in parentheses.

Swedish (positivism).

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Commercial Usage: Positivism

DomainTitle

Books

  • Beyond Positivism and Relativism: Theory, Method, and Evidence (reference)

  • International Theory : Positivism and Beyond (reference)

  • Positivism and Christianity: A Study of Theism and Verifiability (reference)

  • Positivism in Criminological Thought: A Study in the History and Use of Ideas (Criminal Justice (LFB Scholarly Publishing LLC).) (reference)

  • The Argument from Injustice: A Reply to Legal Positivism (reference)

    (more book examples)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Usage Frequency: Positivism

"Positivism" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.51% of the time. "Positivism" is used about 203 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Noun (singular)99.51%20221,454
Noun (common)0.49%1339,140
                    Total100.00%203N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Expressions: Positivism

Expression using "positivism": logical positivism. Additional references.

Hypenated Usage

Ending with "positivism": anti-positivism, post-positivism.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Positivism

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

positivism

160

logical positivism

17

legal positivism

6

positivism post

3

law positivism

3

comte positivism

2

paradigm positivism social theor

2

auguste comte positivism

2
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translation: Positivism

Language Translations for "positivism"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Albanian

  

pozitivizm. (various references)

   

Arabic 

  

‏الفلسفة الوضعية, ‏ثقة (assurance, belief, certainty, certitude, confidence, credit, faith, reliable, reliance, sureness, surety, trust). (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

позитивизъм. (various references)

   

Czech

  

pozitivizmus. (various references)

   

French

  

positivisme. (various references)

   

German

  

positivismus. (various references)

   

Greek 

  

θετικισμόσ. (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

pozitivizmus. (various references)

   

Italian

  

positivismo. (various references)

   

Japanese Kanji 

  

実証論 , 実証"学 , 実証主義 . (various references)

   

Japanese Katakana 

  

じっしょうしゅぎ, じっしょうろ", じっしょうてつがく. (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

ositivismpay

   

Portuguese

  

terminantemente (flatly, plump, point blank, strictly). (various references)

   

Romanian

  

pozitivism. (various references)

   

Russian 

  

позитивизм. (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

pozitivnost, pozitivizam. (various references)

   

Spanish

  

positivismo (emotional realization, ideational realization, realism, realization). (various references)

   

Swedish

  

positivism. (various references)

   

Turkish

  

pozitivizm, pozitif din, olguculuk. (various references)

   

Ukrainian

  

позитивізм. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Positivism

Derivations

Words beginning with "positivism": positivisms. (additional references)


Misspellings

"Positivism" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: apoliticism, dositejism, postitivism. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Positivism"

# of Phoneme MatchesPronunciationWord(s) rhyming with "positivism" (pronounced pÄ"zutivi'zum)
8-u t i v i' z u mnegativism, relativism.
7-t i v i' z u mactivism, collectivism, nativism.
6-i v i' z u mrecidivism.
5-v i' z u matavism, bolshevism.
4-i' z u mabolitionism, absenteeism, absolutism, adventurism, agrarianism, alcoholism, altruism, amateurism, anachronism, aneurism, animism, antagonism, aphorism, astigmatism, atheism, authoritarianism, autism, baptism, barbarism, bilingualism, boosterism, botulism, cannibalism, capitalism, catechism, centralism, chauvinism, classicism, colonialism, commercialism, communism, conservatism, consumerism, corporatism, counterterrorism, creationism, criticism, cronyism, cubism, cynicism, dandyism, defeatism, deism, despotism, determinism, diamagnetism, diastrophism, dimorphism, dogmatism, Druidism, dualism, dwarfism, dynamism, egalitarianism, egoism, egotism, electromagnetism, elitism, embolism, emotionalism, empiricism, entrepreneurialism, environmentalism, ergotism, eroticism, escapism, ethnocentrism, euphemism, evangelism, expansionism, expressionism, extremism, factionalism, fanaticism, fascism, fatalism, favoritism, federalism, feminism, ferromagnetism, fetishism, feudalism, formalism, fundamentalism, futurism, geotropism, gnosticism, gradualism, hedonism, helotism, heroism, hooliganism, humanism, hypnotism, idealism, illusionism, imperialism, impressionism, incrementalism, individualism, intellectualism, internationalism, interventionism, Irredentism, isolationism, isomorphism, jingoism, journalism, leftism, legalism, lesbianism, liberalism, lyricism, magnetism, mannerism, masochism, materialism, mechanism, mercantilism, mesmerism, metabolism, methodism, microorganism, militarism, minimalism, modernism, monasticism, monetarism, monism, monotheism, moralism, multiculturalism, multilateralism, mutualism, mysticism, narcissism, nationalism, naturalism, nepotism, neutralism, nihilism, obstructionism, opportunism, optimism, organism, ostracism, overoptimism, pacifism, paganism, parallelism, parkinsonism, parochialism, pastoralism, paternalism, patriotism, perfectionism, pessimism, pharisaism, pietism, plagiarism, pluralism, polymorphism, polytheism, populism, pragmatism, professionalism, protectionism, provincialism, puritanism, racialism, racism, radicalism, realism, republicanism, revisionism, rheumatism, romanticism, sadism, satanism, sectarianism, secularism, sensationalism, separatism, sexism, skepticism, socialism, statism, stoicism, supernaturalism, surrealism, symbolism, synergism, territorialism, terrorism, theism, tokenism, totalitarianism, tourism, truism, unionism, vandalism, vegetarianism, vigilantism, voluntarism, volunteerism, voyeurism.
3-z u mbosom, careerism, chasm, cytoplasm, enthusiasm, iconoclasm, ism, microcosm, neoplasm, orgasm, phantasm, prism, sarcasm, schism, spasm.

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Positivism

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Words within the letters "i-i-i-m-o-p-s-s-t-v"

-3 letters: imposts, misstop, mitosis.

-4 letters: impost, miosis, pivots, posits, ptosis, stomps, visits, vomits.

-5 letters: impis, misos, mists, mitis, moist, mosts, omits, pisos, pivot, posit, posts, simps, spits, spivs, spots, stomp, stops, tipis, topis, visit, vomit.

 Words containing the letters "i-i-i-m-o-p-s-s-t-v"
 

+1 letter: positivisms.

 

+4 letters: compulsivities, improvisations, oversimplistic.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Alternative Orthography: Positivism


Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

50 6F 73 69 74 69 76 69 73 6D

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)

=

Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)

Braille (1829, in France) (references)

Morse Code (1836) (references)

.--.    ---    ...    ..    -    ..    ...-    ..    ...    --

Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01010000 01101111 01110011 01101001 01110100 01101001 01110110 01101001 01110011 01101101

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#80 &#111 &#115 &#105 &#116 &#105 &#118 &#105 &#115 &#109

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

0050 006F 0073 0069 0074 0069 0076 0069 0073 006D

British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

50818575867588758579

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Commercial
5. Usage Frequency
6. Expressions
7. Expressions: Internet
8. Translations: Modern
9. Derivations
10. Rhymes
11. Anagrams
12. Orthography
13. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.