Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Porto

Definition: Porto

Porto

Noun

1. Port city in northwest Portugal; noted for port wine.

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "Porto" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1588. (references)

"Porto" is a common misspelling or typo for: porno, port, proton.

 

Specialty Definition: FC Porto

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

FC Porto is a football team in the first division of the Portuguese Football League. It was founded in 1893 by António Nicolau de Almeida and is based in Oporto, Portugal. Its home stadium is Estádio do Dragão.

Major Events

External Link

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Oporto

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Oporto (Portuguese: Porto, population 263,000, with 1,200,000 in the metropolitan area) is the second city in size and importance in Portugal. It is situated in the north of the country, on the northern bank of the Douro River, just off the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. The country and the Port Wine (Portuguese: Vinho do Porto) owe their names to the city of Oporto.

Historic references go back to the 5th century, to the Roman times. In the period before the foundation of Portugal it was named Portus Cale - Harbour of Cale in English. The surrounding county was thus named Condado Portucalense. This county later became the independent kingdom called Portugal, which expanded to its current frontiers.

This city was also the scene of the marriage of João I and Katherine of Lancaster, symbolising the long standing military alliance between Portugal and England, which was at times respected and at other times not.

An anecdote from the times of Portugal's expansion overseas, tells of the citizens of Oporto providing meat for the sailors and retaing only tripes (tripas in Portuguese) for themselves. The Oportans thus acquired the nickname tripeiros, which is still in use today. From the same episode a typical dish from this city was created: Tripas à Moda do Porto - Tripes à lá Oporto in English -, which still can be found everywhere in the city today.

One of Portugal's internationally appreciated products is Port Wine. Its name comes from the fact that it ages in cellars in Oporto's sister city Vila Nova de Gaia, just across the river.

Porto cellars and the Douro River

The Italian architect Nasoni designed a tower that was built in one of the central zones of the city and became its icon: Torre dos Clérigos.

During the 18th and 19th century the city became an important industrial centre and saw its size and population increase. A two-level iron bridge - Luís I - and a railway bridge - Maria Pia -, both designed by Gustave Eiffel were constructed, as well as the central railway station (considered to be one of the most beautiful in Europe). Stock exchange and a university were established in the city.

A tram network spanning the city was also built, but nowadays only one line remains, going through the river and sea marginals, mainly for touristic purposes.

During the 20th century other bridges were built: Arrábida which, at its opening, had the biggest concrete supporting arch in the world. Then came S. João, to replace Maria Pia, Freixo, to complement Luís I and more recently Infante to replace the top level of D.Luis I, witch is being adapted to run the a surface metropolitan.

The most sold Portuguese newspaper (Jornal de Notícias) is also from this city and the building where its offices are located (which has the same name as the newspaper) is one of the tallest in Oporto.

The most important Portuguese publisher is also from this city: Porto Editora. Its dictionaries are considered to be the most credited ones.

The city's stock exchange (Bolsa do Porto) merged with Lisbon's, originating Bolsa de Valores de Lisboa, which later merged with Euronext, together with Amsterdam, Brussels, LIFFE and Paris.

In recent years, the historic centre (which dates back to the middle ages) was recognised as World heritage site by UNESCO.

In 2001 Oporto shared the designation European Culture Capital with the Dutch city of Rotterdam).

Currently the major project in development is the subway (http://www.metro-porto.pt/). It's the most expensive public construction project currently in progress in Europe, mainly due to the city's soil, which is extremely complex, from the technical perspective. One consequence is another bridge being built, for traffic, and the dedication of Luís I to the metro.

The football clubs FC Porto and Boavista FC, playing in the highest Portuguese division, are both from Oporto.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Oporto."

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Port wine

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Port wine (or Porto) is sweet, fortified wine from the Douro Valley in the northern part of Portugal; it takes its name from the city of Oporto, the centre of port trading. Port has been made in Portugal since the mid 15th century. Port became very popular in England after the Methuen Treaty of 1703, when merchants were permitted to import it at a low duty. The continued English involvement in the port trade can be seen in the names of many port shippers: Croft, Taylor, Dow, Graham, Symington, etc. Similar wines, often also called "Port", are now made in several other countries, notably Australia and United States. In some nations, including the European Union only the product from Portugal may be labeled as "Port".

Port wine is typically thicker, richer, sweeter, and possesses a higher alcohol content than most other wines. This is caused by the addition of distilled grape spirits to halt fermentation before all the sugar is converted to alcohol. It is commonly served after meals as a dessert wine, or with cheese.

A glass of port wine.
Port comes in several varieties:

Unfortunately, while Porto produced in Portugal is strictly regulated by the Instituto do Vinho do Porto, many wines in the U.S. use the above names but do not conform to the same standards. Thus each genuine port style has a corresponding, often very different style that you will find on wines made outside Portugal.

Vintage port is made entirely from grapes of a declared vintage year. Not every year is declared a vintage in the Douro, only those when conditions are favorable to particularly flavorful crops of grapes. The decision to declare a vintage is made by each individual port house, and is based on several factors, most notably the weather and the ability of the marketplace to absorb a new vintage. While it is by far the most renowned type of port, from a volume and revenue standpoint it actually makes up a small percentage of the production of a typical port house. Vintage ports are aged in barrels for a maximum of 2 years before bottling, and often require another 5 to 15 years of aging in the bottle before reaching what is considered proper drinking age. Since they are aged in barrels for only a short time, they retain their dark ruby color and fresh fruit flavors. Particularly fine vintage ports can continue to gain complexity and drink wonderfully for decades after they were bottled, and therefore can be particularly sought after and expensive wines.

"Port" produced outside of Portugal may be labeled with a vintage date, but is not real Vintage Porto and likely is meant for immediate consumption rather than extended aging.

Ruby and tawny Port may contain wine from several vintages. Vintage, ruby, and LBV ports are fermented in wood and aged in glass, which preserves the wine's red color.

LBV (Late-Bottled Vintage) port is intended to provide some of the experience of drinking a vintage port but without the decade-long wait. In contrast to vintage port's short time in barrel, LBV port is aged for several years in barrel to mature it more quickly. Typically ready to drink when released, LBV ports are the product of a single year's harvest and tend to be smoother and lighter-bodied than a vintage port. The confusingly named Vintage character port is similar to LBV port.

Tawny port is aged in wooden barrels, exposing it to gradual oxidation and evaporation, causing its color to mellow to a golden-brown after roughly ten years "in wood." Often they have pronounced "nutty" flavors. Most tawny port is a blend of several vintages, with the average years "in wood" stated on the label: 10, 15, 20, and 30 years are common. Tawny ports from a single vintage are called Colheitas. Tawny and Colheita ports are always ready to drink when released and do not typically benefit from aging in bottle, although they will not degrade either. Because is has already been exposed to oxygen, an open bottle of tawny resists oxidation the longest of all ports.

"Tawny" port produced outside Portugal is rarely aged long enough to develop a natural tawny color. Instead, it is the result of blending "ruby" and "white" ports, or possibly the addition of caramel coloring.

White port is made from white grapes, and generally served as a chilled aperitif. Ruby port is aged minimally, and is mostly used for cooking or blended into cocktails.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Port wine."

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Abbreviations & Acronyms: Porto

The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted.
EntrySourceExpressionField
POAEnglishPorto AlegreN/A

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Synonym: Porto

Synonym: Oporto (n). (additional references)

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Crosswords: Porto

Specialty definitions using "Porto": Romeo and Juliet. (references)
Non-English Usage: "Porto" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses.

Albanian (port), Danish (postage), Dutch (postage), Esperanto (Oporto), French (Oporto, port), German (carriage, postage), Italian (carriage, freight, harbor, harborage, harbour, harbourage, haven, I bring, port), Latin (bring, carry), Portuguese (access port, harbor, harborage, harbour, harbourage, haven, mole, Oporto, port, seaport), Serbo-Croatian (port), Spanish (buck), Swedish (postage).

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Modern Usage: Porto

DomainUsage

Movie/TV Titles

Porto Novo - la danse des reines (1971)

Painéis no Porto (1963)

Porto das Caixas (1962)

Capital do Trabalho Porto (1961)

Vinho do Porto (1959)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: Porto

DomainTitle

Books

  • Uma Foice longe da terra : a repressäao aos sem-terra nas ruas de Porto Alegre (reference)

  • Dama de Porto Pim (reference)

  • Vanishing Point: The Woman of Porto Pim; The Flying Creatures of Fra Angelico (reference)

  • Biochemistry, Pathology and Genetics of Pulmonary Emphysema: Proceedings of a Meeting on Emphysema Held at Porto Conte, April 27-30,1980 (reference)

  • Pulmonary emphysema : proceedings of the International Symposium on Pathophysiology and Diagnostic Methods in Incipient Pulmonary Emphysema, Porto Conte, Alghero, April 6-9, 1974 (reference)

    (more book examples)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Image Slideshow: Porto

Illustrations:
Porto

More pictures...

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Photo Album: Porto

ThumbnailDescription & CreditThumbnailDescription & Credit

Anguilla chrysypa rafinesque. Common eel; Anguilla. In: "The Fishes of Porto Rico", by Barton Warren Evermann and Millard Caleb Marsh. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, Vol. XX for 1900. First Part. P. 350, Plate 1. Credit: Fisheries.

Lycodontis jordani Evermann & Marsh. Type. In: "The Fishes of Porto Rico", by Barton Warren Evermann and Millard Caleb Marsh. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, Vol. XX for 1900. First Part. P. 350, Plate 2. Credit: Fisheries.

Peristedion gracile Goode & Bean. In: "The Fishes of Porto Rico", by Barton Warren Evermann and Millard Caleb Marsh. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, Vol. XX for 1900. First Part. P. 350, Plate 44. Credit: Fisheries.

Dormitator maculatus (Bloch). In: "The Fishes of Porto Rico", by Barton Warren Evermann and Millard Caleb Marsh. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, Vol. XX for 1900. First Part. P. 350, Plate 45. Credit: Fisheries.

Labrisomus nuchipinnis (Quoy & Gaimard). In: "The Fishes of Porto Rico", by Barton Warren Evermann and Millard Caleb Marsh. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, Vol. XX for 1900. First Part. P. 350, Plate 46. Credit: Fisheries.

Auchenopterus fajardo Evermann & Marsh. Type. In: "The Fishes of Porto Rico", by Barton Warren Evermann and Millard Caleb Marsh. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, Vol. XX for 1900. First Part. P. 350, Plate 47. Credit: Fisheries.

Antennarius nuttengii Garman. Murcielago. In: "The Fishes of Porto Rico", by Barton Warren Evermann and Millard Caleb Marsh. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, Vol. XX for 1900. First Part. P. 350, Plate 49. Credit: Fisheries.

Ucides cordates, female. Goniopsis cruentata, male. In: "The Brachyura and Macrura of Porto Rico", by Mary J. Rathbun. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. Vol. XX. P. 3, Plate I. Credit: Fisheries.

Parapenaeus americanus, female. Calappa flammea, male. In: "The Brachyura and Macrura of Porto Rico", by Mary J. Rathbun. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission. Vol. XX. P. 3, Plate II. Credit: Fisheries.

Scientist Frank Porto at the tape drives of the then new National Environmental Satellite Service (NESS) mass data storage system, the SDC TBMII. This system was used to archive all of the TIROS-N and NOAA-6 digital data on standard two- inch video tape. Credit: NOAA in Space.

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Digital Photo Gallery: Porto
 

"Porto street" by Joao Nunes Sampaio
Commentary: "Old street from porto-ribeira."
"Bay of Porto Veccio" by Bob Hentges
Commentary: "A shot of the Porto Veccio Bay. The photo was taken on the way "out of" the mountains."

Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Porto

SubjectTopicQuote

Business

Access to the Internet through cable TV will be 100 percent ready in Lisbon and Porto before the end of 2001, and should cover all the national TV Cabo net by the end of 2003. A great advantage presented by access to the Internet by cable TV is a higher level of quality in terms of sound and image. (references)

Economic History

Portugal

Porto is now connected to Lisbon by a new motorway and a new bridge over the Douro River. (references)

Cape Verde

Ports: There are two deep waters ports - Porto Grande, in Mindelo, Sao Vicente and the Port of Praia, in the capital city - serving international traffic. (references)

Cape Verde

In 1997, two new ports were built on the islands of Maio and Boavista, and modernization and expansion of Porto Grande was completed. (references)

Human Rights

Portugal

In January 2000 in Porto, Alvaro Rosa Cardoso, a member of the Roma community, died from internal abdominal bleeding after a violent encounter with police. (references)

Portugal

The case remained on appeal in a Porto court at year's end. (references)

Portugal

Also in January 2000 in Porto, Paulo Silva died of internal bleeding which may have been caused by police mistreatment during an arrest. (references)

Trade

Portugal

Jewelry and other articles of gold, silver or platinum must be assayed and hallmarked in Portugal by the assayer's office in Lisbon or Porto. (references)

Portugal

Advanced rulings on classification: Advanced rulings on tariff classifications for each type of product may be obtained upon request, in writing, to Customs at Porto or Lisbon. (references)

Travel

Portugal

Porto serves fewer cities directly in the European Union, none in North America, but does serve major cities in Brazil. (references)

Women

Portugal

Nearly 37 percent of the women were between the ages of 25 and 45. Although cases of domestic violence occurred throughout the country, the vast majority of cases came from the large urban centers of Lisbon and Porto. (references)

Worker Rights

Brazil

For example, the CUT joined with the National Conference of Bishops, the Landless Movement (MST), and a variety of NGO's to conduct a national plebiscite on debt repayment in September 2000 and to organize the World Social Forum in Porto Alegre in January 2001. The major union centrals have close relationships with left-of-center political parties and often coordinate actions with party leaders. (references)

Portugal

The greatest problems were reported in Braga, Porto, and Faro and tended to occur in the clothing, footwear, construction, and hotel industries. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Speeches: Porto

SpeakerTermPhrase(s)

William H. Taft

1909-1913The governments of our dependencies in Porto Rico and the Philippines are progressing as favorably as could be desired.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Usage Frequency: Porto

"Porto" is generally used as a noun (proper) -- approximately 94.51% of the time. "Porto" is used about 91 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Noun (proper)94.51%8635,638
Noun (singular)5.49%5157,705
                    Total100.00%91N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Name Usage Frequency: Porto

The following table summarizes the usage of "Porto" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified.
NameUsage/GenderUsage per 100
million Persons
Rank in USA
PortoLast name1,00014,510
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Expressions: Porto

Expressions using "Porto": Porto Novo porto rico. Additional references.

Hyphenated Usage

Beginning with "Porto": Porto-novo.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Porto

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

portugal porto

1,178

gran porto real resort

33

porto

415

grand porto real

31

porto alegre brazil

325

camera municipal porto

30

porto alegre

205

fernanda porto

30

porto seguro

189

porto real

28

fc porto

181

carlton porto

28

gran porto real

137

carras porto

26

porto santo

116

porto portugal santo

25

porto alegre hotel

88

fotografia porto

25

porto hotel

75

benin novo porto

24

porto de galinhas

71

alegre mapa porto

23

editora porto

69

cidade porto

22

porto bello

56

porto universidade

21

futebol clube do porto

53

editoral porto

20

porto vecchio

52

covo porto

19

porto cervo

42

vinho do porto

19

brazil porto seguro

40

colom porto

18

acompanhantes porto alegre

38

porto velho

18

editora.pt porto

34

hoteis porto santo

17

gran porto real resort and spa

34

mapa porto

17
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translation: Porto

Language Translations for "Porto"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Danish

  

Porto-Novo (Porto Novo), portocaval anastomose (porto-caval anastomosis). (various references)

   

Dutch

  

Porto-Novo (Porto Novo), portocavale anastomose (porto-caval anastomosis), anastomosis portocavalis (porto-caval anastomosis). (various references)

   

Finnish

  

Porto Novo (Porto Novo). (various references)

   

French

  

Porto-Novo (Porto Novo), anastomose porto-cavale (porto-caval anastomosis). (various references)

   

German

  

portokavale Anastomose (porto-caval anastomosis), Porto Novo (Porto Novo). (various references)

   

Greek 

  

πυλαιοκοιλική αναστόμωση (porto-caval anastomosis), αναστόμωση πόρτο-κάβα (porto-caval anastomosis), Πόρτο Νόβο (Porto Novo). (various references)

   

Italian

  

Porto-Novo (Porto Novo), anastomosi porta-cava (porto-caval anastomosis). (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

ortopay.(various references)

   

Portuguese

  

Porto Novo (Porto Novo), anastomose portocaval (porto-caval anastomosis). (various references)

   

Spanish

  

Porto Novo (Porto Novo), anastomosis porto-cava (porto-caval anastomosis). (various references)

   

Swedish

  

Porto-Novo (Porto Novo). (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Bible Trace: Porto

LanguageDateSourceJob Chapter 13, Verse 14
Greek (transliterated)250 BCSeptuagintAnalabwn taV sarkaV mou toiV odousin yuchn de mou qhsw en ceiri
Latin405VulgateQuare lacero carnes meas dentibus meis et animam meam porto in manibus meis
Jacobean English1611King JamesWherefore do I take my flesh in my teeth, and put my life in mine hand?
Victorian English1833WebsterWhy do I take my flesh in my teeth, and put my life in my hand?
Basic English1964OgdenI will take my flesh in my teeth, and put my life in my hand.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Matched Bible Translations: Porto

LanguageJob Chapter 13, Verse 14
AlbanianPse duhet ta mbaj mishin tim me dhëmbët dhe ta vë jetën time në duart e mia?
CebuanoNgano man nga kuhaon ko ang akong unod sa mga ngipon nako, Ug ibutang ko ang akong kinabuhi sa kamot nako?
Chinese我 何 必 把 我 的 肉 挂 在 牙 上 、 將 我 的 命 放 在 手 中 。
CroatianZar da meso svoje sam kidam zubima? Da svojom rukom život upropašæujem?
DanishJeg vil bære mit Kød i Tænderne og tage mit Liv i min Hånd;
DutchWaarom zou ik mijn vlees in mijn tanden nemen, en mijn ziel in mijn hand stellen?
FinnishMiksi minä otan lihani hampaisiini ja panen henkeni kämmenelleni?
FrenchPourquoi saisirais-je ma chair entre les dents? J`exposerai plutôt ma vie.
GermanWas soll ich mein Fleisch mit meinen Zähnen davontragen und meine Seele in meine Hände legen?
Haitian CreoleMwen mèt mouri! Zafè! M' mare ren m', m' sere dan m'!
HungarianMiért szaggatnám fogaimmal testemet, és miért szorítanám markomba lelkemet?
Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hariAku siap mempertaruhkan nyawa!
Indonesian-Terjemahan LamaMengapa aku akan mengambil daging tubuhku di antara gigiku dan menaruh nyawaku dalam tapak tanganku?
ItalianVoglio afferrare la mia carne con i denti e mettere sulle mie mani la mia vita.
MaoriHe aha oku kikokiko i ngaua ai e oku niho? He aha toku wairua i waiho ai e ahau i roto i toku ringa?
NorwegianHvorfor skulde jeg bære mitt kjøtt mellem mine tenner*? Jeg vil legge mitt liv i min hånd**. # <* søke å redde mitt liv.> # <** sette det på spill.>
PortugueseTomarei a minha carne entre os meus dentes, e porei a minha vida na minha mão.   
RumanianKmi voi lua carnea kn dinyi, wi kmi voi pune viaya kn joc.
RussianдМС ЮЕЗП НОЕ ФЕТЪБФШ ФЕМП НПЕ ЪХВБНЙ НПЙНЙ Й ДХЫХ НПА РПМБЗБФШ Ч ТХЛХ НПА?
Spanish¿Por qué he de arrancar mi carne con mis propios dientes? ¿O he de exponer mi vida en mi mano?
SwedishJa, huru det än går, vill jag fatta mitt kött mellan tänderna och taga min själ i min hand.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Porto

Derivations

Words beginning with "Porto": portobello, portobellos. (additional references)

Words containing "Porto": reportorial, reportorially. (additional references)


Misspellings

"Porto" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Ipoto, Oporton, Orto, Parvo, Pirjo, Pirot, Pitru, Pohrt, Pokrov, Poltox, Poort, porco, Porro, Porthor, Porthos, Portnov, Portora, Portos, porvo, Potok, Potros, Powton, Prota, Proteo, Protta, Pyrrho, Sporto. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Anagrams: Porto

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Direct Anagrams: troop.

Words within the letters "o-o-p-r-t"

-1 letter: poor, port, root, roto, toro, trop.

-2 letters: oot, opt, ort, pot, pro, rot, too, top, tor.

-3 letters: op, or, to.

 Words containing the letters "o-o-p-r-t"
 

+1 letter: pronto, proton, torpor, troops, uproot.

 

+2 letters: comport, dropout, foretop, gosport, outcrop, outdrop, outport, outpour, overtop, partook, patroon, poofter, poorest, portico, portion, proctor, promote, pronota, protons, provost, rolltop, rooftop, stooper, taproom, taproot, topwork, torpedo, torpors, towrope, trollop, trooped, trooper, uproots.

 

+3 letters: boltrope, comports, copastor, copatron, doorpost, doorstep, doorstop, dropouts, dropshot, dropwort, footrope, foretops, gosports, homeport, hoopster, hornpout, impostor, isotropy, moonport, operator, orthoepy, outcrops, outdrops, outgroup, outports, outpours, outpower, overplot, overtops, parotoid, patroons, pinkroot, pliotron, pokeroot, poltroon, poofters, poortith, porosity, porthole, porticos, portions, positron, postform, postoral, postriot, potatory, proctors, promoted, promoter, promotes, pronator, pronotum, proteose, protocol, protonic, protopod, protoxid, protozoa, provosts, pteropod, pulmotor, rooftops, soapwort, sorption, stolport, stoopers, stopover, taprooms, taproots, theropod, topcross, topworks, torpedos, towropes, trapdoor, trollops, trollopy, troopers, troopial, trooping, troponin, uprootal, uprooted, uprooter, wetproof.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Modern
5. Usage: Commercial
6. Images: Slideshow
7. Images: Photo Album
8. Images: Digital Art
9. Quotations: Non-fiction
10. Quotations: Speeches
11. Usage Frequency
12. Names: Frequency
13. Expressions
14. Expressions: Internet
15. Translations: Modern
16. Bible Trace
17. Abbreviations
18. Acronyms
19. Derivations
20. Anagrams
21. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.