Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Polaroid |
PolaroidNoun1. (trade name) a plastic film that can polarize a beam of light; often used in sunglasses to eliminate glare. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
| Domain | Definitions |
Mining | A sheet of cellulose impregnated with optically aligned crystals of quinine iodosulfate, which permit passage of light with its electric vector in one plane while absorbing all other impinging light. It is acheap substitute for Nicol prisms in modern polarized-light microscopes. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The original material, patented in 1929 and further developed in 1932 by Edwin H. Land, consists of many microscopic crystals of iodoquinine sulphate (herapathite) embedded in a transparent nitrocellulose polymer film. The needle-like crysals are aligned during manufacture of the film by stretching or by applying electric or magnetic fields. With the crystals aligned, the sheet tends to absorb light which is polarised parallel to the direction of the crystal alignment, but transmits light which is polarised perpendicularly to it. This allows the material to be used as a light polariser.
This material, known as J-sheet, was later replaced by the improved H-sheet Polaroid, invented in 1938 by Land. H-sheet is a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer impregnated with iodine. During manufacture, the PVA polymer chains are stretched such that they form an array of aligned, linear molecules in the material. The iodine dopant attaches to the PVA molecules and makes them conducting along the length of the chains. Light polarised parallel to the chains is absorbed, and light polarised perpendicular to the chains is transmitted.
Polaroid sheets are used in liquid crystal displays, optical microscopes and sunglasses.
Polaroid is also used as a trade name for a variety of products sold by the Polaroid Corporation, including sunglasses based on Polaroid polarisers, and instant-print photographic film and cameras.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Polaroid."
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Painting | Technicolor, Kodachrome, Ektachrome; Polaroid. |
Photograph, color photograph, black-and-white photograph, holograph, heliograph; daguerreotype, talbotype, calotype, heliotype; negative, positive; print, glossy print, matte print; enlargement, reduction, life-size print; instant photo, Polaroid photo. | |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Polaroid |
| English words defined with "Polaroid": Din Land ♦ Edwin Herbert Land ♦ land ♦ Polaroid camera, Polaroid Land camera. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Polaroid" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Czech (polaroid), Hungarian (polaroid), Spanish (polaroid), Turkish (polaroid). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | It was 1 and a half, I've got a great Polaroid of it, and he's right there, must be 1 and a half. (Top Gun; writing credit: Ehud Yonay; Jim Cash) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Polaroid (1979) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
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High Tech |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit |  | Medicine - Military - Equipment : Italian Surgeon General Squillacioti examining the new polaroid roentgenogram processing unit at American base in Germany. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| "Polaroid" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Polaroid" is used about 82 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 82 | 36,594 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name |
| USA | Polaroid Corporation |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "Polaroid": polaroid camera ♦ polaroid Land camera ♦ polaroid photo ♦ polaroid sun glass ♦ polaroid sunglasses. Additional references. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "Polaroid"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | مادة مستقطبة للضوء, ورقة شفافة تستقطب الضوء, بولارويد الة تصوير. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | поляроид, полароид. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 人 偏光板. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | polaroid. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
French | polaroïd. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
German | polaroidkamera (polaroid camera), sofortbildkamera (instant camera, polaroid camera). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | polaroid. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | ポラロイド写真 (Poland, Polaroid picture, poly-, polyamide, polyp), ポ"ュラー音楽 (American submarine, cross of a tomato and a potato, Polaris, Polaroid Camera, pomato, Pomeranian, poplar, poplin, popular music, popularism, popularity, population, pot-pourri). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | ポラロイドしゃし" (Polaroid picture), ポラロイドカメラ (Polaroid Camera). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | olaroidpay полароид. (various references) polaroid. (various references) polaroid, kutuplayıcı. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Misspellings | |
"Polaroid" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Epulario, Polaryi. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-d-i-l-o-o-p-r" | |
-1 letter: dipolar, parodoi. | |
-2 letters: oorali. | |
-3 letters: aroid, dolor, drail, drool, droop, laird, liard, lidar, orlop, padri, pardi, parol, pilar, plaid, podia, polar, polio, poori, radio, rapid. | |
-4 letters: apod, arid, aril, dial, diol, dirl, door, dopa, dorp, drip, drop, idol, laid, lair, lard, lari, liar, lido, lipa, lira, load, loop, lord, odor, olio, opal, orad, oral. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-d-i-l-o-o-p-r" | |
+2 letters: drosophila, paraboloid, prosodical. | |
+3 letters: drosophilae, drosophilas, haloperidol, paraboloids, periodontal. | |
+4 letters: haloperidols, paraboloidal, productional, prosodically. | |
+5 letters: hyperboloidal, periodontally. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)50 6F 6C 61 72 6F 69 64 |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references).--. --- .-.. .- .-. --- .. -.. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01010000 01101111 01101100 01100001 01110010 01101111 01101001 01100100 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)P o l a r o i d |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0050 006F 006C 0061 0072 006F 0069 0064 |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)5081786784817570 |
| Language | Coverage | Language Translations |
Arabic | معجم, قاموس, الوضوحية في الشيء, حد, تحديد, تعريف, التحديد, الإيضاحية, ترجمة من لغة أجنبية للغة الأم, ترجمة, إفتتان | العربية, عربي, اللغة العربية, арабски език, арабски, 阿拉伯 , arabský, arabština, arabe, arabisch, arab, арабский, árabe, arapça, arap, araplara özgü |
Bulgarian | речник, яснота, сила, очертания, дефиниция, транслация, превеждане, предаване, поддаване, тълкуване, огъване, превод | البلغارية, بلغاري, български, български език, българин, 保 利亚, bulharský, bulgare, bolgár, болгарский, болгарин, búlgaro, bulgaristan ile ilgili |
Chinese | 字典 , 定義 , 定义, 翻译 | الصينية, لغة الصين, صيني, الصيني أحد أبناء الصين, китайски, 汉语, 中 , 漢 , 中國 , èínský, èínština, èíòan, Chinois, Chinesisch, kínai, チフス菌 , チャイニーズ , китайский, китаец, chino, çinli, çince, çin ile ilgili, çin |
Czech | slovník, definice, překlad | تشيكي, اللغة التشيكوسلوفاكية, التشيكي أحد أبناء تشيكوسلوفاكيا, чешки, 捷克語 , 捷克语, 捷克 , èesky, èeské, èech, èeština, èeský, èeška, tchèque, Tscheche, tschechisch, Tschechin, cseh, чешский, checo, Çek, çekoslovakyalı kimse, çekoslovakyalı, çek dili |
French | dictionnaire, définition, traduction | اللغة الفرنسية, فرنسي, الشعب الفرنسي, френски език, френски, 法國 , 法文 , 法語 , 法语, francouzský, francouzština, français, französisch, francia, フレコン化 , 仏文 , フランス" , 仏 , ふつぶ", ふつ, フレンチ , フランセ , французский, francés, fransızca, fransız, Fransiz, fransızca ile ilgili, fransa ile ilgili |
German | Übersetzung, Wörterbuch, Definition | ضرب من الرقص, جرماني, الماني, اللغة الألمانية, المانية, германски, немски език, немски, немец, роден, готически, германец, 德语, 德國 , 德文 , 德語 , nìmec, nìmecký, allemand, német, ジプシー音楽 , ジャーマン , немецкий, alemán, alman |
Hungarian | szótár, meghatározás, definíció, fordítás | مجري, المجري, الهنغاري, هنغاري, اللغة الهنغارية, унгарски език, унгарски, унгарец, 匈牙利语, 匈牙利語 , maïarský, maïarština, maïar, hongrois, Ungar, magyar, венгр, венгерский, húngaro, macarca, macar |
Japanese Kanji | 辭典 , 辞典 , 字引 , 辞林 , 字書 , ディーゼル電気車 , 言海 , 辞彙 , 辞書 , 確定 , ディーゼル電気車 , デ'ドロ酢酸 , 翻訳 | يابانية, ياباني, اليابانية, اللغة اليابانية, японски език, японци, японски, 日語 , 日语, 日本 , 日文 , 倭 , japonský, Japonais, japaner, japanisch, japán, 邦語 , 邦人 , ジャスミン茶 , ほう", ジャパニーズ , ほうじ", японский, японец, japonés, Japonca |
Japanese Katakana | じい, じびき, じて", ディクショナリー , じり", じしょ, '"かい, ディクショナリ , デフィニション , ディフィニション , ていぎ, かくてい, へい"ういどう, やくじゅつ, トランスレーション , やくしょ, やくしゅつ, "うどく, ほ"やく, ほ"やくしょ | يابانية, ياباني, اليابانية, اللغة اليابانية, японски език, японци, японски, 日語 , 日语, 日本 , 日文 , 倭 , japonský, Japonais, japaner, japanisch, japán, 邦語 , 邦人 , ジャスミン茶 , ほう", ジャパニーズ , ほうじ", японский, японец, japonés, Japonca |
Russian | словарь, определение, трансляция, сдвиг, перевод, перемещение | روسي, اللغة الروسية, الروسية, руски език, руски, руснак, 俄語 , 俄文 , 俄语, ruština, ruský, Russe, russisch, orosz, ロシア語 , ロシア", русский, ruso, Rusça |
Spanish | diccionario, definición, traducción | اللغة الأسبانية, الأسبانية, أسباني, испански език, испански, 西班牙語 , 西班牙文 , 西班牙语, španìlský, španìlština, espagnol, spanisch, spanyol, スペイン語 , スパイ罪 , スペイン", スパニッシュ , испанский, español, ispanyollar, ispanyol, ispanyolca |
Turkish | sözlük, ansiklopedik sözlük, açıklama, belirleme, belirtme, kesinleştirme, tanım, tarif, seçiklik, tanımlama, tercüme | تركي أحد أبناء تركيا, اللغة التركية, турски език, турски, 土耳其語 , 土耳其, turecký, tureètina, turque, türkisch, török, турецкий, turco, türkçe, türk |
English | Dictionary, Definition, Translation | الإنجليزية, الأنكليزي, إنكليزي, ترجمة إنكليزية, اللغة الإنكليزية, английски език, английски, англичаните, 英语, 英國 , 英文 , 英 , 英語 , anglicky, anglais, englisch, angol, английский, inglés, ingiltere, ingiliz, Íngílízce, ingilizce, Íngílíz, ýngilizce |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Modern 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Photo Album 6. Usage Frequency 7. Names: Company Usage 8. Expressions | 9. Expressions: Internet 10. Translations: Modern 11. Derivations 12. Anagrams | 13. Orthography 14. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
