Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Pneumonia

Definition: Pneumonia

Pneumonia

Noun

1. Respiratory disease characterized by inflammation of the lung parenchyma (excluding the bronchi) with congestion caused by viruses or bacteria or irritants.

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "pneumonia" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1550. (references)


Specialty Definitions: Pneumonia

DomainDefinitions

Health

Inflammation of the lungs. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Pneumonia

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Pneumonia is infection of lung parenchymal tissue. This can be caused by any sort of microorganism ranging from bacteria to viruses to fungi. Doctors classify pneumonias into community acquired pneumonia (both from typical and atypical organisms), nosocomial pneumonia, immune compromised pneumonia, chronic pneumonia and aspiration pneumonia.

Before the advent of antibiotics, pneumonia was often fatal, but most community-acquired pneumonias are readily treatable today. Many patients with pneumonia are treated by their own general practitioner and never admitted to hospital. This is often called walking pneumonia because although they can be very ill the patients are still mobile. Some people with walking pneumonia never realise they are ill at all, but merely feel 'run down' and exhausted.

The most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia is Streptococcus pneumoniae, also known as Pneumococcus.

Pneumonia is a serious illness, especially among the elderly and the immuno-compromised. AIDS patients frequently contract pneumocystis pneumonia, an otherwise rare form of the disease. Persons with cystic fibrosis are also at very high risk of pneumonia because fluid continually accumulates in their lungs.

In the second quarter of 2003, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), a new form of atypical pneumonia, worried doctors who feared that it may become a pandemic, but by July it appeared to be contained.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Pneumonia."

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Synonyms within Context: Pneumonia

ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

Disease

Ague, angina pectoris, appendicitis; Asiatic cholera, spasmodic cholera; biliary calculus, kidney stone, black death, bubonic plague, pneumonic plague; blennorrhagia, blennorrhoea; blood poisoning, bloodstroke, bloody flux, brash; breakbone fever, dengue fever, malarial fever, Q-fever; heart attack, cardiac arrest, cardiomyopathy; hardening of the arteries, arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis; bronchocele, canker rash, cardialgia, carditis, endocarditis; cholera, asphyxia; chlorosis, chorea, cynanche, dartre; enanthem, enanthema; erysipelas; exanthem, exanthema; gallstone, goiter, gonorrhea, green sickness; grip, grippe, influenza, flu; hay fever, heartburn, heaves, rupture, hernia, hemorrhoids, piles, herpes, itch, king's evil, lockjaw; measles, mumps, polio; necrosis, pertussis, phthisis, pneumonia, psora, pyaemia, pyrosis, quinsy, rachitis, ringworm, rubeola, St. Vitus's dance, scabies, scarlatina, scarlet fever, scrofula, seasickness, struma, syntexis, tetanus, tetter, tonsillitis, tonsilitis, tracheocele, trachoma, trismus, varicella, varicosis, variola, water qualm, whooping cough; yellow fever, yellow jack.

Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: Pneumonia

English words defined with "pneumonia": aspergillosis, aspiration pneumonia, atypical pneumoniabronchial pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, Broncho-pneumonia, brooder pneumoniacarbon dioxide acidosis, Catarrhal pneumonia, cough, coughing, Crepitant rale, crepitation rale, Croupous pneumoniaDefervescency, Diplococcus pneumoniae, double pneumoniaFibroid pneumoniaHarrison, hemorrhagic septicemiainterstitial plasma cell pneumonia, interstitial pneumonialay up, Legionnaire's disease, lobar pneumonia, Lung fevermycoplasma, mycoplasmal pneumoniaornithosisparrot fever, pasteurellosis, Peripneumony, Phlegmonous, pleuropneumonia, pleuropneumonialike organism, pneumococcal pneumonia, pneumococcus, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, pneumocystis pneumonia, pneumocytosis, Pneumony, PPLO, President Harrison, President William Henry Harrison, primary atypical pneumonia, psittacosisrespiratory acidosis, respiratory syncytial virusshipping fever, shipping pneumonia, sulfadiazineviral pneumoniaWilliam Henry Harrison, Winter fever. (references)
Specialty definitions using "pneumonia": Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Arteritis Virus, Equine, Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus, Caprinebovine pneumonic pasteurellosis, bovine respiratory disease, bovine respiratory disease complex, Bronchiolitis Obliterans, Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumoniachemical pneumonia, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, contagious pustular stomatitis, contra-indication, contraindications, Coronavirus, Ratfat pneumoniaInfluenza A Virus, Human, Influenza A Virus, PorcineKataLegionella, Legionella bacteria, Legionnaires'disease, lipid pneumonia, lipoid pneumonia, lymphoid interstitial pneumonitisMelioidosis, Mycoplasma pneumonia, Mycoplasma pneumoniaeoil aspiration pneumoniaParainfluenza Virus 3, Human, pest of sheep and goats, pest of small ruminants, peste des petits ruminants, Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants Virus, plague of small ruminants, Pneumocystis carinii Infections, pneumoenteritis complex, Pneumonia, Aspiration, Pneumonia, Atypical Interstitial, of Cattle, Pneumonia, Bacterial, Pneumonia, Lipid, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma, Pneumonia, Pneumococcal, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis carinii, Pneumonia, Progressive Interstitial, of Sheep, Pneumonia, Rickettsial, Pneumonia, Staphylococcal, pneumonic pasteurellosis, Pneumovirus, pseudorinderpest of small ruminantsSilo Filler's Disease, small stock plague, stomatitis-pneumoenteritis syndrome/complextransit fever, transit pneumonia, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination, Trimetrexate, trimetrexate glucuronateVisna-Maedi Viruswool sorter's pneumonia. (references)
Etymologies containing "pneumonia": MonopneumonaPleuropneumonia. (references)
Non-English Usage: "Pneumonia" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses.

Danish (pneumonia), Portuguese (pneumonia, pneumonic).

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Modern Usage: Pneumonia

DomainUsage

Screenplays

He wouldn't have died of pneumonia if I hadn't shot him. (Arsenic and Old Lace; writing credit: Ryuzo Kikushima; Akira Kurosawa)

Lyrics

I got the rockin' pneumonia, (Roll Over Beethoven; performing artist: Chuck Berry)

Song Titles

Rockin' Pneumonia & The Boogie Woogie Flue (performing artist: Johnny Rivers)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: Pneumonia

DomainTitle

References

  • The Official Patient's Sourcebook on Chlamydia Pneumonia (reference)

    (more reference examples)

  

Books

  • Community-Acquired Pneumonia (reference)

  • Diagnosis and Management of Pneumonia and Other Respiratory Infections (reference)

  • Interstitial Pneumonia of Unknown Etiology (reference)

  • Pneumonia (reference)

  • Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia (Perspectives on Critical Care Infectious Diseases, Volume 3) (reference)

    (more book examples)

  

Music

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Photo Album: Pneumonia

ThumbnailDescription & CreditThumbnailDescription & Credit

Photomicrograph of Giemsa stained lung tissue from a patient with fatal human plague, revealing pneumonia, and an abundance of Y. pestis organisms. Credit: CDC.

Area of marked fibrinopurulent pneumonia. Credit: CDC.

Legionnaires' disease acquired its name in 1976 when an outbreak of pneumonia occurred among persons attending a convention of the American Legion in Philadelphia. Later, the bacterium causing the illness was named Legionella pneumophila. Credit: CDC.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the most common organisms causing respiratory infections such as pneumonia and sinusitis, as well as bacteremia, otitis media, meningitis, peritonitis and arthritis. Streptococci. Credit: CDC.

This organism causes respiratory infections such as pneumonia and sinusitis, as well as bacteremia, otitis media, meningitis, peritonitis and arthritis. The Neufeld-Quellung test is used in pneumococcus typing. Streptococci. Credit: CDC.

Six groups are in this genus: A, B, C, D, F, and G, which and are often found in pairs or chains. This organism causes respiratory infections such as pneumonia and sinusitis, as well as bacteremia, otitis media, meningitis, peritonitis and arthritis. Credit: CDC.

The virion is variable in shape and size (average diameter of between 120-300nm). RSV is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia among infants and children under 1 year of age. Credit: CDC.

Normally occurring in the nasal passages, at times, staphylococci can get into the body and cause an infection, which can be minor such as pimples, boils, and other skin conditions, or serious and sometimes fatal such as blood infections or pneumonia. Credit: CDC.

The first discovery of bacteria from the genus Legionella came in 1976 when an outbreak of pneumonia at an American Legion convention led to 29 deaths. The causative agent, known as Legionella pneumophila, was isolated and given its own genus. Credit: CDC.

Outcome of two types of treatment for pneumonia in alcohol-treated animals. Credit: NIAA.

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Use in Literature: Pneumonia

TitleAuthorQuote

Grapes of Wrath

Steinbeck, John

Then the sickness came, pneumonia, and measles that went to the eyes and to the mastoids.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Pneumonia

SubjectTopicQuote

Health

Detail of mycoplasm pneumonia. (references)

Chest X-rays often show pneumonia. (references)

Thus, it is sometimes called lobar pneumonia. (references)

Business

In 1998, the top ten causes of death were cancer, strokes, accidents, heart disease, diabetes, liver disease, pneumonia, nephritis, hypertensive disease and suicide. (references)

Economic History

India

There is a need for new biotech-based vaccines for HIV, cancer, diarrheal diseases, influenza virus, contraception, rotavirus, TB, malaria, H.influenza and pneumonia. (references)

Human Rights

Mauritius

Investigations continued into the 2000 cases in which three persons died while in police custody, one from pneumonia, one from burns, and one from poisoning. (references)

Brazil

Scabies and pulmonary disease such as pneumonia and bronchitis were common. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Usage Frequency: Pneumonia

"Pneumonia" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 98.61% of the time. "Pneumonia" is used about 433 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Noun (singular)98.61%42713,408
Noun (proper)1.15%5157,705
Unclassified Items0.23%1339,140
                    Total100.00%433N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Expressions: Pneumonia

Expressions using "pneumonia": apical pneumonia aspiration pneumonia atypical pneumonia bronchial pneumonia Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia brooder pneumonia Catarrhal pneumonia chemical pneumonia Croupous pneumonia double pneumonia fat pneumonia Fibroid pneumonia interstitial plasma cell pneumonia interstitial pneumonia lipid pneumonia lipoid pneumonia lobar pneumonia lobular pneumonia Mycoplasma pneumonia mycoplasmal pneumonia oil aspiration pneumonia pneumococcal pneumonia pneumocystis carinii pneumonia pneumocystis pneumonia primary atypical pneumonia shipping pneumonia single pneumonia transit pneumonia viral pneumonia wool sorter's pneumonia. Additional references.

Hyphenated Usage

Beginning with "pneumonia": pneumonia-which.

Ending with "pneumonia": Broncho-pneumonia, pleuro-pneumonia, pleuro-pneumonia.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Pneumonia

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

pneumonia

2,446

pneumonia cause

23

2003 california pneumonia respiratory sars state united

509

nosocomial pneumonia

21

walking pneumonia

455

pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

20

atipica pneumonia

363

atipica es la pneumonia que

19

pneumonia symptom

266

bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia

18

asiatica pneumonia

90

streptococcus pneumonia

18

viral pneumonia

84

sign of pneumonia

17

bacterial pneumonia

74

pneumonia in child

17

aspiration pneumonia

73

pneumonia shot

17

symptom of walking pneumonia

67

atípica pneumonia

17

mycoplasma pneumonia

51

strep pneumonia

17

pneumonia tipica

48

type of pneumonia

16

asiática pneumonia

47

pneumonia vaccine

16

pneumonia treatment

42

pneumonia child

15

atypical pneumonia

40

picture of pneumonia

14

is pneumonia contagious

31

canine pneumonia

14

chlamydia pneumonia

29

chlamydial pneumonia

14

community acquired pneumonia

27

interstitial pneumonia

13

klebsiella pneumonia

25

cause pneumonia symptom treatment

12

bronchial pneumonia

24

fungal pneumonia

12
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translations: Pneumonia

Language Translations for "pneumonia"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Albanian

  

pneumoni, e ftohur. (various references)

   

Arabic 

  

‏مصاب بالتهاب رئوي, ‏إلتهاب رئوي. (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

пневмония (inflammation of the lungs). (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

肺炎 (inflammation of the lungs). (various references)

   

Czech

  

pneumonie, zápal plic. (various references)

   

Danish

  

pneumonia, pneumomi. (various references)

   

Dutch

  

pneumonie, longontsteking. (various references)

   

Esperanto

  

pneŭmonio. (various references)

   

Farsi 

  

سینه پهلو, ذات الریه , التهاب ریه . (various references)

   

Finnish

  

keuhkotulehdus, keuhkokuume. (various references)

   

French

  

pneumonie. (various references)

   

German

  

lungenentzündung. (various references)

   

Greek 

  

πνευμονία. (various references)

   

Hebrew 

  

"לקת "ראות. (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

tüdőgyulladás (inflammation of the lungs). (various references)

   

Indonesian

  

radang paru-paru. (various references)

   

Italian

  

polmonite. (various references)

   

Japanese Kanji 

  

肺炎 . (various references)

   

Japanese Katakana 

  

はいえ" (neglected or abandoned garden, smoke). (various references)

   

Korean 

  

폐염. (various references)

   

Manx

  

niumoan. (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

eumoniapnay

   

Portuguese

  

pneumonia (pneumonic). (various references)

   

Romanian

  

pneumonie. (various references)

   

Russian 

  

воспаление легких, пневмония. (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

zapaljenje pluća. (various references)

   

Spanish

  

pulmonía, neumonía. (various references)

   

Swedish

  

lunginflammation. (various references)

   

Turkish

  

zatürree, akciğer iltihaplanması. (various references)

   

Ukranian 

  

запалення легенів, пневмонія. (various references)

   

Welsh

  

niwmonia. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Ancestral Language Translations: Pneumonia

LanguagePeriodTranslations
Greek700 BCE-300 CE

pneumonia. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Pneumonia

Derivations

Words beginning with "pneumonia": pneumonias. (additional references)

Words ending with "pneumonia": bronchopneumonia, pleuropneumonia. (additional references)

Words containing "pneumonia": bronchopneumonias, pleuropneumonias. (additional references)


Misspellings

"Pneumonia" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: neumonia, pheumonia, phneumonia, pneamonia, pnemonia, pneomonia, pneummonia, pneumoniae, pneumonie, pneunomia, pnuemonia, pnumonia, puenmonia. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Pneumonia"

# of Phoneme MatchesPronunciationWord(s) rhyming with "pneumonia" (pronounced nuwmō"nyu or numō"nyu)
5-m ō" n y uammonia.
4-ō" n y ubegonia, Valonia.
3-n y uCalif, gardenia, lasagna, Titania.
6-u m ō" n y uammonia.
4-ō" n y ubegonia, Valonia.
3-n y uCalif, gardenia, lasagna, Titania.

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Pneumonia

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Words within the letters "a-e-i-m-n-n-o-p-u"

-2 letters: noumena.

-3 letters: amnion, anomie, eonian, impone, nomina, numina, penman, pennia, pinnae, pneuma, unopen.

-4 letters: amine, amino, amnio, anime, anion, ennui, inane, miaou, minae, monie, nomen, numen, onium, opine, opium, paeon, panne, penna, penni, piano, pinna, pinon, union, unman, unpen, unpin.

-5 letters: aeon, amen, amie, amin, anon, main, mane, mano, maun, mean, meno, menu, meou.

 Words containing the letters "a-e-i-m-n-n-o-p-u"
 

+1 letter: pneumonias.

 

+2 letters: pandemonium.

 

+3 letters: pandemoniums, unimportance.

 

+4 letters: unaccompanied, unimpassioned, unimportances.

 

+5 letters: pronunciamento.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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Alternative Orthography: Pneumonia


Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

50 6E 65 75 6D 6F 6E 69 61

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)

=

Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)

Braille (1829, in France) (references)

Morse Code (1836) (references)

.--.    -.    .    ..-    --    ---    -.    ..    .-

Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01010000 01101110 01100101 01110101 01101101 01101111 01101110 01101001 01100001

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#80 &#110 &#101 &#117 &#109 &#111 &#110 &#105 &#97

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

0050 006E 0065 0075 006D 006F 006E 0069 0061

British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

508071877981807567

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Crosswords
3. Usage: Modern
4. Usage: Commercial
5. Images: Photo Album
6. Quotations: Fiction
7. Quotations: Non-fiction
8. Usage Frequency
9. Expressions
10. Expressions: Internet
11. Translations: Modern
12. Translations: Ancient
13. Derivations
14. Rhymes
15. Anagrams
16. Orthography
17. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

 

 

 

 

Note to the press & webmasters - this dictionary can be linked, indexed, or referred to using the following non-English expressions:
woordeboek, fjalor, ‏معجم, ‏قاموس, diccionariu, речник, diccionari, diksyonario, diksinario, 字典, gérlyver, slovník, ordbog, woordenboek, shimiyuc p'anca, orðabók, orðbók, dictionnaire, wurdboek, wörterbuch, λεξικό, אוצר מילים, szótár, uqausiit tukingit, dizionario, 字引 , じい, じびき, じて", ディクショナリー , じり", じしょ, '"かい, ディクショナリ , 사 , dizionari, recnik, fockleyr, dikshonario, słownik, dicionário, dicţionar, dicziunari, словарь, lolomi fefiloi, foclair, abardair, faclair, briathrachan, pukuntau, leksikon, rečnik, vocabbulariu, diccionario, sí-chazamagâma, ordbok, lexikon, พจนานุกรม, sözlük, ansiklopedik sözlük, словник, довідник, có tính chất sách vở, geirlyfr, geiriadur, for dictionary;
definisie, qartësi, përcaktim, saktësi, ‏الوضوحية في الشيء, ‏حد, ‏تحديد, ‏تعريف, ‏التحديد, ‏الإيضاحية, яснота, сила, очертания, дефиниция, 定義 , 定义, definice, deskriptordefinition, definitie, määritelmä, définition, ορισμός, "'"ר", "'בל", meghatározás, definíció, definizione, 確定 , ディーゼル電気車 , デ'ドロ酢酸 , デフィニション , ディフィニション , ていぎ, かくてい, 의, geyrid, meenaghey, keeayllaght, baght, definishon, definição, definiţie, determinare, definire, определение, definicija, definición, definition, açıklama, belirleme, belirtme, kesinleştirme, tanım, tarif, seçiklik, tanımlama, чіткість, тлумачення, виразність, визначення, дефініція, ясність, чітка чутність, sự định rõ, sự định nghĩa, lời định nghĩa sự định, diffiniad, darnodiad, for definition;
vertaling, transferim, transmetim, ‏ترجمة من لغة أجنبية للغة الأم, ‏ترجمة, ‏إفتتان, транслация, огъване, превод, предаване, поддаване, тълкуване, превеждане, 翻译, překlad, oversættelse, translatie, taajuusmuutos, translaatio, traduction, oersetting, Übersetzung, μετάφραση, תור'מ ות, תר'ום, "עתק", "עתק, fordítás, traduzione, 翻訳 , へい"ういどう, やくしょ, やくしゅつ, "うどく, ほ"やく, トランスレーション , やくじゅつ, ほ"やくしょ, 번역, tradukshon, tradução, translaţie, tãlmãcire, traducere, сдвиг, трансляция, перемещение, перевод, tumačenje, traducción, översättning, tercüme, процес перекладу, переклад, пояснення, переміщення, sự dịch, sự biến th nh sự giải thích, trosiad, for translation;
Albaans, Albanies, Albaniese taal, shqip, ‏الألبانية, ‏الألباني, албанец, албански език, албански, Albanyano, 阿"巴尼亚语, 阿爾巴尼亞人 , albánský, Albanees, albanskt, albanialainen, Albanais, Albaneesk, albaner, αλβανικόσ, Αλβανός, αλβανόσ, arbnisht, arbërisht, albán, albanskur, albanska, AlbÚinis, albanese, 알"니아, Albaneagh, albanês, arnãut, albanez, arnãuţesc, албанский, Alapania, albanski, albanac, albanés, alban, Arnavut, албанський, албанка, албанець, for Albanian;
Arabies, arabishte, ‏العربية, ‏عربي, ‏اللغة العربية, арабски език, арабски, 阿拉伯 , arabský, arabština, arábiskt, arabialainen, arabe, Arabysk, arabisch, αραβικόσ, ערבית, ערבי, arab, arabo, 아라비아, Arabish, arabir, arabic, арабский, Arapi, arapski, árabe, arabisk, าษาหรืออักขระอาหรับ, เกี่ยวกับอาระเบีย, arapça, arap, araplara özgü, арабська мова, арабський, tiếng A-rập, thuộc A-rập, for Arabic;
Bulgaars, Bulgaar, bulgr, ‏البلغارية, ‏بلغاري, Búlgaru, български, български език, българин, Bulgaryan, 保 利亚, bulharský, bulgarer, bulgarskt, bulgarialainen, Bulgaarsk, bulgare, 'ούλγαρος, bullgar, bolgár, bulgaro, 불가리아, Bulgeyragh, Bulgeyrish, Bułgar, болгарский, болгарин, bugarski jezik, bugarski, bugarka, bugarin, búlgaro, bulgar, bulgaristan ile ilgili, болгарський, người Bun-ga-ri tiếng Bun-ga-ri, for Bulgarian;
Sjinees, Chinees, kinez, ‏الصينية, ‏لغة الصين, ‏صيني, ‏الصيني أحد أبناء الصين, Chinu, китайски, Ininsik, 汉语, 中 , 漢 , 中國 , èínský, èínština, èíòan, kineser, kinesiskt, kinverskur, kiinalainen, Chinois, Sineesk, Chinesisch, Κινέζος, κινέζικα, κινέζικοσ, κινέζοσ, σινικόσ, kínai, Kínverji, Sínis, cinese, チフス菌 , チャイニーズ , 중국, Cina, Sheenish, Sheenagh, Hainamana, chines, Chińczyk, chinês, chinés, chinezesc, chinezeşte, chinezã, chinez, китайский, китаец, Saina, kineski jezik, kineski, chino, snesi, sneysi, kinesisk, çinli, çince, çin ile ilgili, çin, китаянка, китайська мова, китайський, кита"ць, for Chinese;
Tsjeggies, Tsjeg, çek, ‏تشيكي, ‏اللغة التشيكوسلوفاكية, ‏التشيكي أحد أبناء تشيكوسلوفاكيا, Checu, чешки, Sekoslovakyano, 捷克語 , 捷克语, 捷克 , èesky, èeské, èech, èeština, èeský, èeška, tjekker, tjekke, Tsjech, Tsjechisch, tjekkiskt, t?ekkiläinen, tchèque, Tsjechysk, Tscheche, tschechisch, Tschechin, Τσέχος, cseh, ceco, 체", Sheckagh, Sheckish, Czech, chèc, ceh, чешский, češki jezik, čeh, češki, checo, tjeck, Çek, çekoslovakyalı kimse, çekoslovakyalı, çek dili, чех, чеська мова, чеський, чешка, người Séc tiếng Séc, for Czech;
Deens, danisht, danishte, ‏لغة الدانمركية, ‏نوع كعك, ‏دانماركي, датски език, датски, Daniko, 丹麦语, dánský, dánština, danskur, danskt, tanskalainen, danois, Deensk, dänisch, δανικόσ, δανόσ, עו'ת שמרים, " י, dán, danska, Danmhairgis, danese, 덴마크, Danvargish, Danvargagh, danes, dinamarquês, danez, датский, danski, danski jezik, danés, dansk, danimarkalı, danimarka dili, датський, датська мова, tiếng Đan-mạch, for Danish;
Nederlands, Hollands, holandez, ‏هولندي, ‏اللغة الهولندية, холандски, немски език, холандски език, холандците, немски, Olandes, 菏蘭語 , 荷兰语, holandský, nizozemský, hollandsk, hollendskt, hollantilainen, néerlandais, Nederlânsk, holländisch, ολλανδικόσ, ολλανδόσ, holandisht, "ול "י, holland, hollenskur, Ollainnis, olandese, 네덜란", Belanda, Ollanish, Germaanish, Tatimana, nederlandsk, ulandes, hulandes, holandês, neerlandés, olandez, nemţesc, limba olandezã, german, голландский, holanđanin, u škripcu, holandski, holandés, bakratongo, holländsk, ชาวเนเธอร์แลน"์, เกี่ยวกับเนเธอร์แลน"์, รรยา, alman, eş, flemenkçe, holandaca, hollanda, karı, hollandalı, hollandalılara özgü olan, Hollandali, hollanda'ya ait, голландська мова, голландський, ngôn ngữ khó hiểu, "b xã", for Dutch;
‏الاسبرانتو لغة دولية, Esperantu, есперанто, 世界语, esperanton, espéranto, εσπεράντο, אספר טו, eszperanto, eszperantó, エスキモー犬 , エスペラント , эсперанто, Eseperano, esperanto, Kiesperanto, าษาที่ประ"ิษฐ์ขึ้นเพื่อใช้เป็น าษากลางในการสื่อสารระหว่างประเทศ ซึ่งรากศัพท์ส่วนใหญ่, esperanto dili, tiếng etperantô, for esperanto;
Farsi, Parsi, persiskt, Fasi, for Farsi;
Fins, finlandez, finlandishte, finlandisht, ‏اللغة الفنلندية, ‏فنلندية, ‏فنلندي, фински език, фински, Pinlandino, 芬蘭語 , 芬兰语, finský, finskt, suomi, suomalainen, finnois, Finlandaise, finlandais, finnisch, φινλανδικόσ, פי י, finn, finnskur, finnska, finlandese, 핀란", Fynlannish, Fynlannagh, finlandês, finês, finlandezã, финский, Finisi, finski jezik, finski, finlandés, finés, finsk, fince, finlandiya'ya özgü, фінська мова, фінський, tiếng Phần-lan, for Finnish;
Franse taal, Frans, franceze, francez, frëngjisht, frëng, frëngjishte, ‏فرنسي, ‏اللغة الفرنسية, ‏الشعب الفرنسي, gall, френски език, френски, Pranses, 法國 , 法文 , 法語 , 法语, francouzština, francouzský, franskur, franskt, ranskalainen, français, Frânsk, französisch, γάλλοσ, γαλλικόσ, γαλλική γλώσσα, γαλλίδα, צרפתי, צרפתית, francia, Fraincis, francese, フレコン化 , フランス" , 仏文 , 仏 , ふつぶ", フレンチ , フランセ , ふつ, "랑스, Perancis, Ny Frangee, Mooinjey ny Frank, frances, franses, francês, francezii, francezã, franţuzesc, franţuzeşte, французский, Falani, francuski jezik, francuski, francuzi, francés, sí-Fulentji, fransk, franska, fransızca, Fransiz, fransızca ile ilgili, fransız, fransa ile ilgili, французька мова, французький, Ffrengig, isiFulentshi, for French;
Duits, Duitser, Duitse taal, Germaan, gjerman, ‏ضرب من الرقص, ‏جرماني, ‏المانية, ‏الماني, ‏اللغة الألمانية, роден, германски, немски език, немски, немец, готически, германец, 德語 , 德语, 德文 , 德國 , nìmecký, nìmec, tysker, Duitse, týskur, týskt, týskari, saksalainen, Allemand, Dútsk, Deutsche, Deutsch, "ερμανός, gjermanisht, 'רמ י, 'רמ ית, német, þjóðverji, þýskur, GearmÚnach, GearmÚinis, tedesco, ジプシー音楽 , ジャーマン , 독일, todesch, Germaanagh, Garmane, Germaanish, Carmane, aleman, Niemiec, niemiecki, alemão, alemand, neamţ, немецкий, Siamani, germanski, alemán, Tudesku, Doysri, mjeremani, mdachi, sí-Jalimáne, tysk, เยอรมัน, าษาเยอรมัน, Alman, німкеня, німецький, німець, $sisters german$ chị em ruột, $cousin german$ anh chị em con chú bác ruột, sister, Almaenwr, isiJalimane, iliJalimane, iJalimane, for German;
Grieks, Griek, ‏الإغريقي, ‏يوناني, ‏اللغة اليونانية, Griegu, гръцки език, гръцки, грък, Griyego, 希臘語 , 希腊语, řecký, řeètina, řek, græker, grikst, kreikkalainen, grec, Gryk, Gryksk, Gryks, grieche, ελληνικόσ, 'Ελληνας, יו ית, יו י, görög, Grikki, greco, ギリシア語 , ギリシア", 그리스, Greagish, Greagagh, grego, grèc, greacã, греческий, Eleni, grk, grčki jezik, grčki, griego, grek, Yunanli, yunanlı, yunanca, yunan, Rumca, yunanistan'a ait, rum, грек, гречанка, грецька мова, грецький, kẻ cắp b gi gặp nhau, quân bạc bịp tôi không thể hiểu được điều đó thật l kỳ phùng địch thủ, người Hy-lạp tiếng Hy-lạp kẻ bịp bợm, kẻ lừa đảo, Groegwr, for Greek;
Jood, Hebreeus, Israeliet, hebraishte, ‏يهودي, ‏عبري, ‏اليهودية, ‏اللغة العبرية, ‏العبرية, Hebréu, иврит, древен жител на юдея, юдейски, израилтянин, евреин, староеврейски, староеврейски език, юдей, 西伯来, 希伯來語 , hebrejský, hebrejka, hebrejec, hebrejština, joods, Hebreeuws, hebraiskt, juutalainen, hébreu, Hebrieusk, hebräisch, hebräer, εβραϊκόσ, εβραϊκά, εβραίοσ, עברית, עברי, zsidó, héber, izraelita, Eabhrais, ebraico, ebreo, ヘブライ語 , ヘブライ", Ewagh, Ew, Ewnish, hudiu, hebraico, hebreu, ebrèu, limba ebraicã, izraelit, evreu, evreiesc, ebraic, еврейский, еврей, древнееврейский, древнееврейский язык, Eperu, hibru, hebreo, dyu, Myahudi, Yahudi, hebreiska, hebreisk, jude, ชาวฮิบรู (ปัจจุบันคือประเทศอิสราเอลและปาเลสไตน์), าษาฮิบรู (ปัจจุบันคือประเทศอิสราเอลและปาเลสไตน์), musevi, ibranice, ibrani, іудей, старо"врейська мова, старо"врейський, іврит, "врейський, "врей, người Hê-brơ, Hebraeg, Hebreaidd, for Hebrew;
Hongaars, Hongaar, hungarez, ‏الهنغاري, ‏مجري, ‏هنغاري, ‏المجري, ‏اللغة الهنغارية, Húngaru, унгарски език, унгарски, унгарец, Hungaryan, 匈牙利語 , 匈牙利语, maïarský, maïar, maïarština, ungarer, Hongaarse, ungarskt, unkarilainen, hongrois, Hongaarsk, ungar, Ούγγρος, "ו 'רי, magyar, ungherese, 헝가리, Ungaarish, Ungaaragh, Węgier, ongrés, ungureşte, ungur, limba maghiarã, unguresc, maghiar, limba ungarã, венгр, венгерский, mađarski, mađar, mađarski jezik, húngaro, ungrare, ชาวฮังการี, macarca, macar, угорська мова, угорка, угорський, угорець, người Hung-ga-ri tiếng Hung-ga-ri, for Hungarian;
Indonesies, indonezian, ‏الماليزي أحد أبناء ماليزيا, ‏اللغة الأندونيسية, Indonesiu, индонезийски език, индонезийски, 印度尼西亚语, 印度尼西亞語 , indonéský, indonéština, indonésan, indoneser, Indonesisch, Indisch, Indonesiër, indonesiskt, indonesialainen, indonésien, Yndonesysk, Indonesier, Ινδονήσιος, indonéz, indonesiano, インドネシア語 , インドネシア", 인도네시아, Indoneesagh, indonésio, indonésia, индонезийский, индонезиец, Indtasisian, indonezijski, indonežanin, indonesio, indones, Indonesyo, endonezya'ya ait, endonezyalı, endonezya dili, endonezya, індонезі"ць, індонезійський, індонезійська мова, індонезійка, người In-ddô-nê-xi-a tiếng In-ddô-nê-xi-a, for Indonesian;
Italianer, Italiaans, Italiaan, ‏شخص إيطالي, ‏اللغة الإيطالية, ‏الإيطالي, ‏إيطالي, Italianu, италиански език, италиански, италианец, Italyano, 意大利 , 意大利語 , 意大利语, italština, italský, ital, italiener, italienskt, italialainen, Italien, Italjaansk, italienisch, Ιταλός, italisht, איטלקי, איטלקית, olasz, Ítali, IodÚilis, italiano, 이탈리아, Iddaalish, Włoch, italianã, italienesc, italieneşte, italian, итальянский язык, итальянский, итальянец, Italia, italijanski, italijanski jezik, italijan, sí-Taliyáne, italienare, italiensk, italienska, เกี่ยวกับอิตาลี, ชาวอิตาลี, าษาอิตาลี, italyanca, italyan, італі"ць, італійська мова, італійський, італійка, for Italian;
korean, ‏كوري شمالي, ‏اللغة الكورية, ‏كوري جنوبي, ‏كوري, Coreanu, корейски, корейски език, Koryano, 韩国语, "國 , 朝鮮語 , korejský, korejec, korejština, Koreaans, koreanskt, coréen, Koreaansk, koreanisch, Koreaner, κορεάτησ, κορεάτικοσ, koreai, 한국, koreano, coréia, a língua coreana, coreean, limba coreeanã, кореец, корейский, Kolea, korejski jezik, korejski, koreanac, coreano, koreansk, ชาวเกาหลี, kore'li, кореянка, коре"ць, корейська мова, корейський, người Triều tiên tiếng Triều tiên, for korean;
gjuha e popullsisë së ishullit men, manský, manština, manx, mann-szigeti nyelv, Gaelgagh, Yn Ghaelg, Manninish, Manninagh, язык жителей о-ва мэн, с о-ва мэн, s ostrva mana, los habitantes de la isla de man, lengua de la isla de man, de la isla de man, från ön man, man dili, man adası, менський діалект, менський, for manx;
Portugees, portugez, portugalisht, ‏اللغة البرتغالية, ‏البرتغالية, ‏البرتغالي, португалски език, португалски, португалец, Potuges, 葡萄牙语, 葡萄牙人 , 葡萄牙語 , portugalský, portugiser, portugisiskt, portugalilainen, portugais, Portugeesk, portugiesisch, πορτογάλοσ, ορτογάλος, portugál, Portaingéilis, portoghese, ポルトガル語 , ポルトガル", 포르투갈, Portiugish, Portiugagh, portugues, Portugalczyk, português, portughez, португальский, portugalski jezik, portugalski, portugalac, portugués, Mreno, si-Putúkezi, portugis, portekiz, Portekízlí, portekizli, portekizce, португальська мова, португальський, португалець, người B"-đ o-nha tiếng B"-đ o-nha, for Portuguese;
Roemeen, rumun, Rumanu, румънски език, румънски, румънец, Romanyan, 罗马尼亚语, rumunský, rumunština, rumæner, Roemeens, rumenskt, romanialainen, roumain, Roemeensk, rumäne, ρουμανόσ, Ρουμάνος, román, rumeno, 루마니아, Roomainagh, romeno, romanés, român, румын, румынский, rumunski, rumunski jezik, rumano, rumänsk, румунська мова, румун, румунський, румунка, for Romanian;
Russies, Rus, ‏الروسية, ‏روسي, ‏اللغة الروسية, Rusu, руски, руски език, руснак, Rusyan, 俄語 , 俄语, 俄文 , ruština, ruský, russer, russur, russiskt, venäläinen, Russysk, Russe, russisch, Ρώσος, רוסי, orosz, rússneskur, Rússi, Rúisis, russo, ロシア語 , ロシア", 러시아, Rooshish, Rooshagh, russisk, Rosjanin, русский, Lusia, ruski jezik, ruski, ruso, sí-Rashîya, ryss, ชาวรัสเซีย, rusça, росіянка, росіянин, російська мова, російський, người Nga tiếng Nga, for Russian;
塞爾維亞克羅地亞語 , 塞"维亚-克罗地亚语, serbokroatisch, 세르보크로아티아, servo-croata, sârbo-croat, srpsko-hrvatski, srpsko-hrvatski jezik, serbokroatiska, serbokroatisk, เกี่ยวกับ าษาเซอร์เบียและโครเอเชีย, าษาหลักของชาวเซอร์เบียและโครเอเชีย, for Serbo-Croatian;
Spaans, Spaanse taal, spanjoll, ‏اللغة الأسبانية, ‏الأسبانية, ‏أسباني, испански език, испански, espanyoles, Espanyol, 西班牙语, 西班牙文 , 西班牙語 , španìlský, španìlština, spanskt, espanjalainen, espagnol, Spaansk, spanisch, ισπανικά, ισπανικόσ, ισπανοί, karaiñe'êmegua, ספר"ית, ספר"י, spanyol, SpÚinnis, spagnolo, スペイン語 , スパイ罪 , スペイン", スパニッシュ , 스페인, Spaainagh, Spaainish, spañó, espanhol, espanhòl, spaniolesc, spanioleşte, spaniol, испанский, Sipaniolo, španski jezik, španski, español, spanska språk, spansk, ispanyollar, ispanyolca, ispanyol, іспанська мова, іспанський, for Spanish;
Sweeds, suedez, ‏اللغة السويدية, Suecu, шведски език, шведски, швед, Swedis, 瑞典語 , 瑞典语, švédský, švédština, Zweeds, svenskt, ruotsalainen, suédois, Sweedsk, schwedisch, σουηδικόσ, σουηδικά, svéd, sænskur, Sualainnis, svedese, スウェーデン語 , スウェーデン", 스웨덴, Soolynish, Soolynagh, suèc, шведский, švedski jezik, švedski, sueco, svensk, เกี่ยวกับคน าษาและวั'นธรรมของประเทศสวีเ"น, isveççe, isveç dili, isveç, Ísveçlí, шведська мова, шведський, người Thuỵ điển tiếng Thuỵ điển, for Swedish;
Turks, turk, ‏تركي أحد أبناء تركيا, ‏اللغة التركية, Turcu, турски, турски език, Turko, 土耳其, 土耳其語 , tureètina, turecký, turkist, turkkilainen, turque, turc, Turksk, türkisch, τούρκικοσ, טורקי, török, Yn Turkish, Turkagh, turcesc, турецкий, turski jezik, turski, turco, turkisk, türk, türkçe, турецька мова, турецький, tiếng Thổ nhĩ kỳ, for Turkish;
乌克兰, for Ukranian;
Wallies, i uellsit, gjuha e uellsit, shkel premtimin, populli i uellsit, ik pa paguar, ‏ويلزي, ‏الولزية لغة إقليم ويلز, ‏تهرب من دفع الرهان, не си плащам дълга, измъквам се от задължение, уелски език, уелски, 威"士, 威爾士語 , waleština, waleský, Wels, valisiskt, gallois, walisisch, δεν πληρώνω τα οφειλόμενα, ουάλλοσ, ουαλλικόσ, walesi, Breatnais, gallese, Bretnagh, galês, gallés, limba velşã, din ţara galilor, velş, уэльский, velški jezik, podvaliti, velški, velšanin, galés, walesisk, galler ile ilgili, sözünü tutmamak, gal dili, bahisleri ödemeden kaçmak, şartları yerine getirmemek, ödemeden kaçmak, у"льський, валлійська мова, валлійці, валлійський, не віддати гроші, Cymreig, for Welsh;