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Pipe

Specialty Definition: Pipe

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Specialty Definition: Pipe

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

The word pipe can refer to:

• a tubular man-made channel, generally round in cross section, for transporting or guiding a fluid substance.
  • See plumbing and pipeline transport

• an exhaust pipe, for channelling waste fumes from an engine or stove

• certain musical instruments among the wind instruments, specifically woodwinds, characterized as being shaped like a pipe or collection of pipes.
  • the flute or reed flute
  • the recorder
  • Instruments often referred to by the plural form "pipes":
    • pan pipes
    • the bagpipe
    • A singer's vocal cords (slang)
• "Piping" as a verb means playing one of these instruments; The Pied Piper of Hamelin is said to have played such an instrument.

• a boatswain's pipe, also known as a bosun's whistle

• a smoking pipe, for the consumption of tobacco

• a water pipe, for the smoking of cannabis

• in computing:
  • pipe is the name of the ASCII character at position 124 (decimal): |
  • in the context of Unix operating systems, a pipe signifies that the output of one program feeds directly as input to another program. The Unix shell uses the pipe character (|) to join programs together. See Pipe (computing).

• a vertical conduit through the Earth's crust below a volcano, through which magma has passed; often filled with volcanic breccia

• a method of icing a cake using a flexible decorating bag to force icing through a small nozzle to make various designs

• a large cask for storing fluids, especially wine or oil

• a decorative edging stitched to the hems or seams of an object made of fabric (clothing, hats, pillows, curtains, etc.); often a contrasting color

• a halfpipe is a semi-circular ramp for performing skateboarding tricks; by extension, a similar construction in snow for snowboarding

• a pipe (pasta) is a macaroni like type of pasta.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Pipe."

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Pipe (computing)

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Pipe is the name of the ASCII character at position 124 (decimal): |

In the context of Unix operating systems, as well as other Operating Systems like MS-DOS, a pipe signifies that the output of one program ("stdout") feeds directly as input ("stdin") to another program. Any error messages from the first program ("stderr") are not passed on through the pipe. The Unix shell uses the pipe character ( | ) to join programs together. A sequence of commands joined together by pipes is known as a pipeline. Often filter programs form the constituent programs in a pipeline -- see Pipes and filters.

An example of a pipeline, which should print the numbers from 1 to 13:

while : ; do echo ; done | head -n 13 | nl -ba

The pipe character is also (was originally?) drawn as a broken bar ( ¦ ), and usually depicted so on Microsoft Windows keyboards. (Except that I've only seen it on keyboards without the windows key, but have seen it on all dos keyboards.)

See pipe for other uses of the word.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Pipe (computing)."

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Plumbing

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Plumbing, from the latin for Lead (Plumbus), is the trade of working with pipes for water, drainage and natural gas.

Types of Pipe

Types of pipes for different plumbing usage vary even inside a country by local code and customary usage.

Lead

Originally popular due to its high malleabilty, their use has been abandoned because of the highly toxic products that result when even slightly acidic water reacts with them.

Copper

Most modern domestic water piping is now in copper (although plastic has become the material of choice in recent applications). Copper is a good material because it is durable, light and easy to work with. Copper pipes are usually joined with the use of compression fittings or soldered (either by hand or using Yorkshire Fittings). The use of lead in solders has been subject to the same criticisms as lead pipes and so lead-free solders are now in use. Green residues in bathroom fixtures are indicative of acidic corrosion in copper pipes.

Copper pipes usually mate with plastic pipes (e.g. the feed into a power shower) with push fit fittings.

Plastic

High strength plastic piping is sometimes used for both mains water and gas feeds, its main strengths being its resistance to the corrosive effects of being underground and its light weight.

In domestic plumbing, several types of plastic are used. These include rigid PVC for cold water and waste systems, flexible polyethylene for cold water, flexible polybutylene (PB) for hot and cold water. Domestic plastic pipes with hot water feeds of the CPVC type use a special solvent. Rigid ABS and PP plastic are used for most of the waste system including vent stacks, and have largely replaced the much heavier cast iron pipes.

Domestic plastic pipes are generally glued, called solvent welding; however, threaded, push-fit or speed-fit fixings are sometimes used. Compression fittings are common when the plastic must connect with metallic pipes or fixtures.

Concrete

Moulded concrete pipes are mostly found underground in municipal water supply and sewage systems where a very large diameter pipe is required.

Glazed Tile

Usually used to provide drainage to low-lying fields or lawns, it is sometimes used in the portion of the waste systems outside the building. Often called field tile.

Steel

Commonly used in older houses and for gas lines. Threaded steel pipes are heavy and prone to rusting and leaking, especially in hot water lines, but continue as the material of choice for domestic small diameter gas lines.

See also Domestic water system

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Plumbing."

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Smoking pipe

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

This article describes a pipe used for smoking tobacco. For other uses of the word, see pipe.

A smoking pipe is a special instrument used for tobacco smoking.

The smoking pipe typically consists of a small chamber (the bowl) for the combustion of tobacco or similar substances and a thin stem (shank) that ends in a mouthpiece (also called a bit).

Pipes are made from a variety of materials, the most common being (in order of use): briar, corncob, meerschaum, african block meerschaum, clay, cherry wood, gourd, and various other materials, such as morta.

Tobaccos used for smoking pipes are often carefully treated and blended to achieve flavour nuances not available in other tobacco products. Many of these are blends using staple ingredients of variously cured Burley and Virginia tobaccos which are enhanced by spice tobaccos, among them many Oriental or Balkan varietals, Latakia (a fire-cured spice tobacco of Cypriot or Syrian origin), Perique (uniquely grown in St. James Parish, Louisiana) or blends of Virginia and Burley tobaccos of African, Indian, or South American origins. Traditionally, many U.S. blends are made of American Burley flavoured with aromatic ingredients to produce "sweeter" smokes whereas "English"-style blends are based on natural Virginia tobaccos enhanced only by Oriental varietals. There is a growing tendency towards "natural" tobaccos which derive their aromas from artful blending with selected spice tobaccos only and careful, often historic, curing processes. Pipes can range from the very simple machine-made briar pipe to highly-prized handmade and artful implements by renowned pipemakers which are priced as very expensive collector's items.

The majority of pipes sold today, whether hand made or machine made, are fashioned from briar. Briar is cut from the root burl of the heath tree (Erica arborea), which is native to the rocky and sandy soils of the Mediterranean region. While briar is the most widely used -- and perhaps best known -- pipe making material, pipes of other woods and other materials are also available. Clay and meerschaum are probably the best known alternatives to briar. Calabash gourds (usually with meerschaum or porcelain bowls set inside them) have long made prized pipes, but they are labour-intensive and nowadays quite expensive. On the other end of the scale, "corncob" pipes are cheap and effective, even if perhaps inelegant. (Though we should not forget Douglas MacArthur.)

Meerschaum (hydrated magnesium silicate), a mineral found in small shallow deposits mainly around the city of Eskesehir in central Turkey, is prized for its plasticity which allows it to be carved into many decorative and figural shapes. It has been used since the 17th century and, with clay pipes, represented the most common medium for pipes before the introduction of briar as the material of choice in the 19th century. The word "meerschaum" means "sea foam" in German, alluding to its natural white color. However, meerschaum is a very porous mineral that absorbs elements of the tobacco during the smoking process, and gradually changes color to a golden brown. Old, well-smoked meerschaum pipes are prized for their distinctive coloring.

Bertrand Russell smoking a pipe

While tobacco smoke from pipes contains less of the carcinogenic substances found in cigarette smoke, it is nonetheless a comparable health hazard, leading more often to cancers of the mouth and throat rather than the lungs. Addiction to nicotine is rarely involved unless the smoke is inhaled at a consumption rate comparable to heavy cigarette smoking. A 1964 study once showed that pipe smokers on average lived marginally longer than the general population, but that study failed to control for social factors and did not include an adequate representation of pipe smokers to be considered sound. Pipe smokers are inclined to attribute this to the calming, contemplative mindset promoted by the ritualistic character of pipe-use. However, it should be noted that there are almost no contemporary studies at all judging how dangerous pipe smoking may be: because more people smoke cigarettes and cigars, most studies focus on those. It would not be a good idea to assume that a lack of evidence implies a lack of danger: the smoker should monitor his health regarding smoking as he would any other lifestyle that can be abused, such as consumption of alcohol, cholesterol, or fat, among others.

See also bong.

How To Pack & Light A Pipe

This should not be treated as an endorsement of smoking; all the same, pipe smoking requires a little practice and technique to work well.

The number one complaint of new pipe smokers seems to be that they do not know how to correctly 'pack' their pipe, resulting in either dottle left over at the end of the smoke, or a hot smoke and the dread tongue bite, or a pipe that is hard to draw on. Here is compiled a step by step outline to the correct way to pack a pipe for maximum enjoyment. Packing and lighting a pipe, much like smoking a pipe, is an artform, and this technique may take some time to master, but once you have it down pat, one of the major stumbling blocks to pipe smoking bliss will have been removed.

Materials Needed:

   * Pipe
   * Tobacco
   * Something to tamp the tobacco with
   * Something to ignite the tobacco with
   * Pipe cleaners

Proceedure:

(1) First, it is imprtant to make sure that your pipe is free from obstructions and left over ash from previous smokes. Run a pipe cleaner through the stem, dump out any dottle, and gently blow through the stem to expel any leftover ash. It is probably best to do this over a trashcan, large ashtray, or other such receptacle, pointing the bowl of the pipe upside down to avoid spewing dottle and ash into your own face.

(2) remove a small amount of tobacco from your tin/pouch/etc and lay it out on a flat surface. Gently pick apart any clumps in the tobacco, and make note of the moisture content of the tobacco. If it is too moist, you may want to let it sit out for a few minutes to dry out a bit. Go make yourself a cup of tea, pull an espresso, or open some mail. When you come back, it should have dried just a bit and be a little easier to deal with.

(3) holding your pipe, trickle strands of tobacco into the bowl of the pipe until it is filled to the top. resist the urge to push the tobacco down with your thumb half-way through this operation. Do not pinch the loose tobacco while doing this, as you will create more of the clumps you just took time to remedy.

(4) Now, take you tamper/pipe-nail/etc and gently compress the tobacco. For bowls with straight sides, you should tamp gently until the tobacco half fills the bowl. For pipes with tapered bowls, aim for more like two thirds full. The tobacco in the bowl should have a very springy, almost soft consistancy.

(5) Put the pipe to your lips and take a test draw. If there is any resistance, dump out the tobacco and start over.

(6) Once again, trickle loose strands of tobacco into the bowl until it is once again full, perhaps even a tad over-full.

(7) Again, tamp the tobacco down gently with your tamp. For straight sided bowls, the pipe should now be three quarters full. For tapered bowls, the pipe should now be five eights or so full. You will probably find that to achieve this level of tobacco, you have to tamp with slightly more force than the first time. The tobacco in the bowl should feel springy.

(8) Put the pipe to your lips and take a test draw. There may be tiny amount of resistance this time, but if you have any troubles drawing on the pipe, dump out the tobacco and start over.

(9) Trickle a bit more tobacco into the pipe, until a small mound of it protrudes above the rim of the bowl, looking as if it needs a haircut. Return any left-over tobacco to its' container for future use.

(10) Using your tamp again, pack this tobacco down until it is even with the top of the bowl. This will take a bit more pressure than the first two tamping operations, but take care not to overdue it. The tobacco should still feel springy, only slightly less so than on the second tamp.

(11) Put the pipe to your lips and take a test draw. The resistance should be minimal, like sucking on a straw. If there is any more than this, dump out the tobacco and start over.

Now, if all of the above steps have been successfully completed, your pipe is properly packed and ready to be lit and smoked.

Lighting a pipe seems to be a very straightforward operation. You apply open flame, whether from a match, lighter or other such contrivance and puff on the pipe until it is lit. Well, to get maximum enjoyment out of your pipe, and to minimize the need for mid-smoke relights, it is important to pay attention to your technique here, as with any other aspect of smoking. Here are a couple of easy steps to ensure a nicely lit pipe.

(1) First comes the 'charring' light (also called the 'false' light), the purpose of which is to expel any extra moisture from the tobacco and prepare a nice even bed for the 'true' light. To achieve this, light your match of lighter and apply it to the tobacco, moving it in a circular motion around the entire surface of the tobacco. While doing this, take a series of shallow puffs on the pipe. It may be that the tobacco swells up in a spot or two and seems to unravel. That is the purpose of the charring light, to balance out the tobacco moisture and density.

(2) Allow this light to go out and tamp the tobacco back down even with the top of the bowl. You may find it useful to twist or spin your tamp in a cicrular motion while doing this. This is the point where many pipe smokers ruin a good packing job by tamping too hard. You should use a very light touch, wanting only to return the tobacco to the level it was before the charring light.

(3) Relight your match of lighter and apply it to the tobacco, moving it in a circular motion around the entire surface of the tobacco. While doing this, take a series of shallow puffs on the pipe. This time the tobacco should not unravel and puff up as it did before. Extenguish your source of fire, sit back, relax and enjoy your pipe.

Hopefully, by following these instructions, you have successfully lit your pipe and are enjoying it. Here are a couple more tips to consider:

- It takes time and practice to master this technique, but you should see steady improvement in your form and in the ease with which you can pack your pipe as you progress. It is not uncommon for it to take six months for this technique to become second nature.

- Don't worry too much about relights. Relighting your pipe is a fact of life, and only rarely, if at all, will you have a smoke where you do not have to relight at least once. You will probably find that as your smoking progresses, you will relight less and less frequently.

ideas for content expansion

• famous pipes and/or smokers in fact and fiction (Sherlock Holmes)
• slang (pipe dream, etc)
• ritual uses (peace pipe)
• varieties (briar (bruyere), clay, corn cob, Meerschaum, hookah, bong)
• similar devices (cigarette holder)
• some social context (historical use, acceptibility)
• expand on the "similar substances"...

  Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Smoking pipe."

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Abbreviations & Acronyms: Pipe

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Synonyms within Context: Pipe

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Modern Usage: Pipe

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Commercial Usage: Pipe

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Image Slideshow: Pipe

Photos: Pipe More pictures...

Illustrations: Pipe More pictures...

Computer Images: Pipe More pictures...

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Photo Album: Pipe

Thumbnail	Description & Credit	Thumbnail	Description & Credit
	Paulson pipe dredge deployed from C&GS Ship PATHFINDER. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection.		Early steel gas pipe tower built by the Lake Survey. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection.
	The Greenhill/East Timbalier dredge deposition -- backhoe is used to move pipe to evenly distribute the dredge material. Credit: America's Coastlines.		View of the concrete lower culvert that passes underneath Sea View Street. This lower pipe was installed at an invert below the adjacent creek bottoms and has partly filled in with sediment and debris. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center.
	The marsh buggy in the background is a specialized piece of equipment used to move the dredge pipe and other equipment around. The buggy is also used to grade deposited sediments to appropriate elevations. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center.		KOMATSU ampbibious bulldozer used for construction and pipe laying operations. Credit: National Undersea Research Program (NURP).
	Invertebrate samples were collected from pipe surfaces for identification. Credit: The Coral Kingdom.		Scorpion fish, Dendrochirus brachypterus, on inside of concrete pipe. Observed during night dive. Credit: The Coral Kingdom.
	David Roblido (left), NRCS discusses the operation of a drop inlet. The inlet leads to an underground drainage pipe capturing run-off from terraced flowers. [Slide 97CS2986]. Credit: Bob Nichols.		Hydraulic engineer Eddie Bunch (left) and District Conservationist Joe Moore (right) inspecting a recently completed tailwater recovery pond and pipe inlets. Lonoke, Arkansas. Credit: Jeff Vanuga.
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Digital Photo Gallery: Pipe
 

"Pipe for waste water" by Kim Heisler Commentary: "Slop pipe. Schmutzwasser means waste water."	"Rusty pipe" by Jean-philippe Dufour Commentary: "I've got 2 feet !."
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers.

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Sounds Captioned with "Pipe".

Play	Caption	Play	Caption
	A mid-sized pipe organ playing in a minor key area.		Synthesized pan pipe melody with ocean shore sounds.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Use in Literature: Pipe

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Non-Fiction Usage: Pipe

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Spoken Usage: Pipe

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Speeches: Pipe

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Usage Frequency: Pipe

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Name Usage Frequency: Pipe

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Usage in Company Names: Pipe

Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.

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Expressions: Pipe

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Pipe

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Modern Translation: Pipe