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Pilot

Definition: Pilot

Pilot

Adjective

1. Of the nature of or undergoing an experiment; "an experimental drug"; "a pilot project"; "a test run"; "a trial separation".

Noun

1. Someone who is licensed to operate an aircraft in flight.

2. A person qualified to guide ships through difficult waters going into or out of a harbor.

3. A program exemplifying a contemplated series; intended to attract sponsors.

4. An original model on which something is patterned.

5. Small auxiliary gas burner that provides a flame to ignite a larger gas burner.

6. An inclined metal frame at the front of a locomotive to clear the track.

Verb

1. Fly a plane.

2. Act as the navigator in a car, plane, or vessel.

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "pilot" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1200. (references)

Etymology: Pilot \Pi"lot\, noun. [French pilote, probably from Dutch peillood plummet, sounding lead; peilen, pegelen, to sound, measure (fr. Dutch & German peil, pegel, a sort of measure, water mark) + lood lead, akin to English lead. The pilot, then, is the lead man, i. e., he who throws.. (references)

 

Specialty Definition: Pilot

DomainDefinition

Computing

PILOT Programmed Inquiry Learning Or Teaching. CAI language, many versions. "Guide to 8080 PILOT", J. Starkweather, Dr Dobb's J (Apr 1977). Source: The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing.

Aerospace

1. A person who handles the controls of an aircraft or spacecraft from within the craft, and in so doing, guides or controls it in three-dimensional flight. 2. A mechanical system designed to exercise control functions in an aircraft or spacecraft.3. To operate, control, or guide an aircraft or spacecraft from within the vehicle so as to move in three-dimensional flight through the air or space. (references)

Chemical Industry

A small permanent flame used to ignite gas at a burner(2). Source: European Union. (references)

Economics

1. A person who flies an airplane. 2. A person whose occupation is to guide ships, particularly along a coast, or into and out of a harbor. (references)

Electrical Engineering

A signal wave in a transmission system, usually a single frequency transmitted over the system to indicate or control its characteristics. Source: European Union. (references)

Industry

Carded cloth which is very fulled and napped. Source: European Union. (references)

Literature

Pilot according to Scaliger, is from an old French word, pile (a ship). Source: Brewer's Dictionary.

Mechanical Engineering

A plain cylindrical part at the end of a drill or other rotating tool which is guided by a jig bushing or by a pilot-hole(i. e. a hole which is to be enlarged by the drill). Source: European Union. (references)
 Cylindrical pin located in front of cutting portion to guide counterbore into drilled hole:with or without cutting edges(UK)resp. without cutting edges(USA). Source: European Union. (references)
 A shaped extension on the end of a piercing or blanking punch used for locating a component in a follow-on tool after an initial piercing operation. Source: European Union. (references)

Mining

A. A cylindrical steel bar extending through and about 8 in (20 cm) beyond the face of a reaming bit. It acts as a guide that follows the original unreamed part of the borehole and hence forces the reaming bit to follow and be concentric with the smaller-diameter, unreamed portion of the original borehole. Syn:reaming pilo b. A cylindrical diamond-set plug, of somewhat smaller diameter than the bit proper, set in the center and projecting beyond the main face of anoncoring bit. See also:pilot bit; stinger. (references)

Occupations

Pilots airplane to transport passengers, mail, or freight, or for other commercial purposes: Reviews ship's papers to ascertain factors, such as load weight, fuel supply, weather conditions, and flight route and schedule. Orders changes in fuel supply, load, route, or schedule to ensure safety of flight. Reads gauges to verify that oil, hydraulic fluid, fuel quantities, and cabin pressure are at prescribed levels prior to starting engines. Starts engines and taxies airplane to runway. Sets brakes, and accelerates engines to verify operational readiness of components, such as superchargers, carburetor-heaters, and controls. Contacts control tower by radio to obtain takeoff clearance and instructions. Releases brakes and moves throttles and hand and foot controls to take off and control airplane in flight. Pilots airplane to destination adhering to flight plan and regulations and procedures of federal government, company, and airport. Logs information, such as time in flight, altitude flown, and fuel consumed. Must hold commercial pilot's certificate issued by Federal Aviation Administration. May instruct students or pilots in operation of aircraft. May be designated according to federal license held as Transport Pilot (air trans.), or type of commercial activity engaged in as Airplane Pilot (air trans.) or Corporate Pilot (air trans.). May be designated Airplane-Patrol Pilot (business ser.) when piloting airplane over pipelines, train tracks, and communications systems to detect and radio location and nature of damage. May be designated Airplane Captain (air trans.) when in command of aircraft and crew or Airplane First-Officer (air trans.) or Copilot (air trans.) when second in command. (references)
 Tends machines that bleach or dye skeins of yarn: Hangs yarn skeins over perforated rack. Turns valves to fill dye vats with water, and turns knob to set temperature of water according to specifications. Pours chemical softeners and liquid dyes into vats according to formula. Starts machine that rotates skeins periodically and circulates dye through yarn. Dumps dye solution from vats at end of dyeing cycle and circulates rinse water through yarn. Loops several skeins of yarn together to form bundle and removes yarn bundles from perforated racks. Places bundles of yarn into boxes. May load and unload machine, using chain hoist. Important variables may be indicated by trade names or machines used. (references)

Post & Telecom

A low-level signal transmitted for receiver control purposes, e. g. automatic tuning control and automatic gain control. Source: European Union. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Pilot

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

In television, a pilot is a first, extra long (often twice the normal length, but sometimes longer or shorter) episode of a television series. The pilot is intended to get network programming executives, and later the public, interested in the series, and to set the general background of the story. In telecommunication, a pilot is a signal, usually a single frequency, transmitted over a communications system for supervisory, control, equalization, continuity, synchronization, or reference purposes.

Note: Sometimes it is necessary to employ several independent pilot frequencies. Most radio relay systems use radio or continuity pilots of their own but transmit also the pilot frequencies belonging to the carrier frequency multiplex system.

Source: from Federal Standard 1037C and from MIL-STD-188 A pilot is someone who guides ships through the waters near a harbour. A pilot is also someone who flies an aircraft, see Aviator. Many appliances that use natural gas as their fuel utilize a pilot light, which is a small outlet of gas kept continually burning and generally used to light the larger burners on the appliance. The Pilot Pen Corporation is a company whose headquarters are situated in Japan. They are one of the world's major manufacturers of ink-based writing utensils. In railroading, a pilot is the device at the front of a locomotive to deflect obstacles (also known as a cowcatcher); see pilot (locomotive)

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Pilot."

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Pilot (locomotive)

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

In railroading, the pilot is the device mounted at the front of a locomotive to deflect obstacles from the track that might otherwise derail the train. Archaically this was called a cowcatcher, and this is still the common layman's usage, but this term is deprecated and has not been used by railroad workers for more than a century.

On a road locomotive, the pilot has to successfully deflect an obstacle hit at speed; the ideal is to push it upwards and sideways out of the way. The locomotive should not lift on impact or the train will follow, and the ideal is for a fairly smooth structure so that the locomotive will not get caught and pulled sideways off the track either.

They typical shape, therefore, is a blunt wedge that is shallowly V-shaped in plan. In the later days of steam locomotives, the front coupler was designed to swing out of the way also, so it could not get caught up; this was called a drop coupler pilot.

Early on, pilots were normally fabricated of bars mounted on a frame; later on, sheet metal pilots were often used for their additional smoothness, and some cast steel pilots were employed for their mass and smooth shape. Early diesel locomotives followed the same plan.

Slower speed locomotives often had a pilot with steps on it to allow yard workers to ride on the locomotive; these were called footboard pilots. Footboard pilots were outlawed in the 1960s and were removed.

Modern diesel locomotives have flatter, less wedge shaped pilots; this is because a diesel locomotive has the cab near the front, and the crew are vulnerable to impact from obstacles pushed up by the pilot. Indeed, most are fitted with a device known as an anticlimber above the coupler to prevent struck objects from travelling up over the frame and through the cab area.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Pilot (locomotive)."

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Abbreviations & Acronyms: Pilot

The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted.
EntrySourceExpressionField

PILOT

EnglishProgrammed Inquiry Learning or TestingN/A
PIAEnglishPilot Implementations of basic modules for large portable numerical libraries in AdaComputing, European Union

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Synonyms: Pilot

Synonyms: experimental (adj), model(a) (adj), pilot(a) (adj), test(a) (adj), trial(a) (adj), airplane pilot (n), archetype (n), buffer (n), cowcatcher (n), fender (n), original (n), pilot burner (n), pilot film (n), pilot light (n), pilot program (n), aviate (v), fly (v), navigate (v). (additional references)

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Synonyms within Context: Pilot

ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

Clothing

Cloak, pall, mantle, mantlet mantua, shawl, pelisse, wrapper; veil; cape, tippet, kirtle, plaid, muffler, comforter, haik, huke, chlamys, mantilla, tabard, housing, horse cloth, burnoose, burnous, roquelaure; houppelande; surcoat, overcoat, great coat; surtout, spencer; mackintosh, waterproof, raincoat; ulster, P-coat, dreadnought, wraprascal, poncho, cardinal, pelerine; barbe, chudder, jubbah, oilskins, pajamas, pilot jacket, talma

Deity

God the Son, Jesus, Christ; The Messiah, The Anointed, The Saviour, the Redeemer, The Mediator, The Intercessor, The Advocate, The Judge; The Son of God, The Son of Man, The Son of David; The Lamb of God, The Word; Logos; Emmanuel; Immanuel; The King of Kings and Lord of Lords, The King of Glory, The Prince of Peace, The Good Shepherd, The Way, The Truth, The Life, The Bread of Life, The Light of the World; The Lord our, The Sun of Righteousness; "The Pilot of the Galilean lake".

Direction

Verb: direct, manage, govern, conduct; order, prescribe, cut out work for; bead, lead; lead the way, show the way; take the lead, lead on; regulate, guide, steer, pilot; tackle

Director

Guiding star; (guidance); adviser; guide; (information); pilot; helmsman; steersman, steermate; wire-puller.

Experiment

Grope; feel one's way, grope for one's way; fumble, t_tonner, aller _ t_tons, put out a feeler, throw out a feeler; send up a trial balloon, send up a pilot balloon; see how the land lies, get the lay of the land, test the waters, feel out, sound out, take the pulse, see, check, check out, see how the wind blows; consult the barometer; feel the pulse; fish for, bob for; cast for, beat about for; angle, trawl, cast one's net, beat the bushes.

Feeler; trial balloon, pilot balloon, messenger balloon; pilot engine; scout; straw to show the wind.

Food

Beef, bisquit, bun; cornstarch; cookie, cooky; cracker, doughnut; fatling; hardtack, hoecake, hominy; mutton, pilot bread; pork; roti, rusk, ship biscuit; veal; joint, piece de resistance, roast and boiled; remove, entremet; releve, hash, rechauffe, stew, ragout, fricassee, mince; pottage, potage, broth, soup, consomme, puree, spoonmeat; pie, pasty, volauvent; pudding, omelet; pastry; sweets; kickshaws; condiment.

Information

Valet de place, cicerone, pilot, guide; guidebook, handbook; vade mecum; manual; map, plan, chart, gazetteer; itinerary; (journey).

Mariner

Noun: sailor, mariner, navigator; seaman, seafarer, seafaring man; dock walloper; tar, jack tar, salt, able seaman, A. B.; man-of-war's man, bluejacket, galiongee, galionji, marine, jolly, midshipman, middy; skipper; shipman, boatman, ferryman, waterman, lighterman, bargeman, longshoreman; bargee, gondolier; oar, oarsman; rower; boatswain, coxswain; steersman, pilot; crew.

Aerial navigator, aeronaut, balloonist, Icarus; aeroplanist, airman, aviator, birdman, man-bird, wizard of the air, aviatrix, flier, pilot, test pilot, glider pilot, bush pilot, navigator, flight attendant, steward, stewardess, crew; astronaut, cosmonaut; parachutist, paratrooper.

Ship

Man of war; (combatant); transport, tender, storeship; merchant ship, merchantman; packet, liner; whaler, slaver, collier, coaster, lighter; fishing boat, pilot boat; trawler, hulk; yacht; baggala; floating hotel, floating palace; ocean greyhound.

Balloon; airship, aeroplane; biplane, monoplane, triplane; hydroplane; aerodrome; air balloon, pilot balloon, fire balloon, dirigible, zeppelin; aerostat, Montgolfier; kite, parachute.

Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: Pilot

English words defined with "pilot": artificial horizonbarnstormer, black whale, blackfish, Branch pilot, brashcapsule, captain, Carangoid, check, checkout, check-out procedure, cockpit, combat pilot, common blackfish, contact, control stick, copilot, Cowcatxjerdaredevil, Deductor, dogfighter, double, Double-ender, draw in, drone, dual, dupleEddie Rickenbacker, Edward Vernon Rickenbacker, ejection seat, ejector seat, experimentalfighter pilot, flare path, flight control, flight indicator, fly bridge, flybridge, flying bridge, frost overGCA, genus Globicephala, Globicephala, Globicephala melaena, great care, ground control, ground-controlled approach, gyro horizonIce master, ice over, Ice pilot, ice upjoystickkillLodemanage, Lode-ship, Lodesmanmodel, moneky bridgePilot fish, Pilot jack, pilot program, pilot project, pilot whale, pilotage, Piloted, piloting, pilotless, pilotless aircraft, Pilotryradio-controlled aircraft, retract, Rickenbacker, Rudder fishsenior pilot, sergeant major, solo, stunt flier, stunt pilot, synchronizer, synchronoscoppe, synchroscopetemerarious, test, test pilot, touch, trialwingman, work. (references)
Specialty definitions using "pilot": Adjusted Gross Revenue Pilot Program, aerial-applicator pilot, agricultural-aircraft pilot, aircraft pilot, airplane pilot, chief, AIRPLANE PILOT, COMMERCIAL, airplane pilot, crop dustingchase pilot, CHECK PILOT, CHIEF PILOT, commercial pilotDISPATCHER, SHIP PILOTIberia's Pilot, INSTRUCTOR, PILOT, integral pilot, interrupted pilotpilot error, Pilot European Image Processing Archive, Pilot Projects, pilot reamer bit, pilot reaming bit, pilot sequence, Pilot that weathered the Storm, pilot wedge, plain pilotreaming pilot adapter, reaming pilot hornsecond pilottransient pilot, type G pilot. (references)
Etymologies containing "pilot": Texas. (references)
Non-English Usage: "Pilot" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses.

Albanian (aeronaut, airman, aviator, flier, flyer, pilot), Czech (pilot), Danish (pilot), French (rags), German (driver racing, pilot), Indonesian (airman, aviator, flyer, pilot), Macedonian (pilot), Papiamen (pilot), Portuguese (pilot), Romanian (airman, man at the wheel, navigator, pile, pilot, steerer), Romansch (pilot), Serbo-Croatian (aviator, flier, pilot), Swedish (pilot), Turkish (aircraftman, aviator, birdman, flier, flyer, pilot).

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Modern Usage: Pilot

DomainUsage

Screenplays

I'm not such a bad pilot myself (Star Wars; writing credit: George Lucas)

Sir, my pilot is taking a leak (Outbreak; writing credit: Laurence Dworet; Robert Roy Pool)

He's an pilot. Mitchel Gant, an American (Firefox; writing credit: Craig Thomas; Alex Lasker)

I'm a combat pilot, Will (Independence Day; writing credit: Dean Devlin; Roland Emmerich)

I was to be a fighter pilot. Or, a grocer (Buffy the Vampire Slayer; writing credit: Doreen Spicer)

Lyrics

The pilot is too busy flirtin' (Clockwork Creep; performing artist: 10CC)

Tra la la la la bombardier this is the pilot speaking (Run-Around; performing artist: Blues Traveler)

Captain Video, done went home one pilot laid to rest (Midnight At The Lost & Found; performing artist: Meat Loaf)

And now she's waiting for the right kind of pilot to come (To the Moon and Back; performing artist: Savage Garden)

Clever

The similarity between air traffic controllers and pilots? If a pilot screws up, the pilot dies. If ATC screws up, the pilot dies. (references; author: unknown)

Movie/TV Titles

Sky Pilot (1973)

Jet Pilot (1964)

Moon Pilot (1962)

Jet Pilot (1957)

Test Pilot (1957)

Song Titles

Paper Pilot (performing artist: The Animal Band)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: Pilot

DomainTitle

References

  • Pilot Corporation: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

    (more reference examples)

  

Books

  • Basher Five-Two: The True Story of F-16 Fighter Pilot Captain Scott O'Grady (reference)

  • Boyd: The Fighter Pilot Who Changed the Art of War (reference)

  • Rod MacHado's Private Pilot Handbook: The Ultimate Private Pilot Book (reference)

  • Atlantes Neerlandici Bibliography of terrestrial, maritime and celestial atlases and pilot books, published in the Netherlands up to 1880 (reference)

  • PUB105 Atlas of Pilot Chart: South Atlantic Ocean (2nd Edition) (reference)

    (more book examples)

  

Periodicals

  

Theater & Movies

  • Twin Peaks - Pilot Episode [IMPORT] (reference)

  • Airline Pilot (reference)

  • Be a Pilot, Learn to Fly an Ultralight Trike / powered hang glider (reference)

  • Pilot Candidate - The Academy (Vol. 1) (reference)

  • Doctor Who - Edge of Destruction & The Pilot Episode (reference)

    (more DVD examples; more video examples)

  

Music

  

High Tech

  

Consumer Goods

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Image Slideshow: Pilot

Photos:
Pilot

More pictures...

Illustrations:
Pilot

More pictures...

Computer Images:
Pilot

More pictures...

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Photo Album: Pilot

ThumbnailDescription & CreditThumbnailDescription & Credit

John Taylor, pilot for the Emergency Mosquito Control offices in North Carolina, stands beside a PHS plane. Credit: CDC.

Pilot Fatigue Countermeasures. Credit: NASA.

Pilot Plasma Engine. Credit: NASA.

HL-10 Lifting Body Pilot Bruce Peterson. Credit: NASA.

Helicopter pilot Budd Christman assisting with tagging of spotted seal pup. Credit: NOAA's Ark (Animals).

"Bush Pilot" taking off with a 727 from the dirt strip at Kotzebue, Alaska A short time after the runway was paved. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection.

Coast Guard pilot Lieutenant Vaughan with salmon berries. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection.

A view of Point Conception and the Point Conception Lighthouse from the Santa Barbara Channel. In: Pacific Coast. Coast Pilot of California, Oregon, and Washington Territory . By George Davidson, 1869. P. 22. Library Call Number VK947.D4 1869. Credit: America's Coastlines.

Point Sur along the Big Sur coastline about 25 miles south of Monterey. In: Pacific Coast. Coast Pilot of California, Oregon, and Washington Territory . By George Davidson, 1869. P. 45. Library Call Number VK947.D4 1869. Credit: America's Coastlines.

Boat rigged for pole and line fishing. Note live bait tanks on deck fore and aft of pilot house. Poles of varying size are secured in vertical position ready for fishing. The largest poles are rigged to the pulley system that can be seen approximately 5 meters above the deck. Credit: Fisheries.

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Digital Photo Gallery: Pilot
 

"Dials" by Eric White
Commentary: "Dials in the Pilot House of the Midnight Sun."

Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers.

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Sounds Captioned with "Pilot"

PlayCaptionPlayCaption
Ding; air pressure; wing; airplane; pilot; test; precautionary; prepare; preparation.Cockpit; pilot; copilot; navigator; air travel; airplane; jet; airlines; airline.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Familiar Quotations: Pilot

AuthorQuotation

Lucius Annaeus Seneca

A great pilot can sail even when his canvas is rent.

St. Jerome

An unstable pilot steers a leaking ship, and the blind is leading the blind straight to the pit. The ruler is like the ruled.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Use in Literature: Pilot

TitleAuthorQuote

Absalom and Achitophel

John Dryden

A daring pilot in extremity; Pleas'd with the danger, when the waves went high He sought the storms

Gulliver's Travels

Swift, Jonathan

We cast anchor within a league of the town, and made a signal for a pilot.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Pilot

SubjectTopicQuote

Health

Several large pilot studies have demonstrated low error rates. (references)

Some pilot studies indicated a lower rate of severe infection in IVIG-treated low birth weight infants compared with placebo-treated patients. (references)

Promising pilot studies should be followed by a validation phase, during which alternative assays for the biomarker are evaluated in a head-to-head comparison and prognostic/predictive value is studied. (references)

Business

Often a pilot project precedes the final choice. (references)

The Federal Government has supported numerous pilot projects throughout Germany. (references)

Efforts are focused on a pilot zone, the Gaza Industrial Estate (GIE) at Qarni/Al Muntar. (references)

Children

Russia

The Rights of the Child Program has called for the establishment of an ombudsman for the rights of children with the power to enter and inspect children's facilities at any time of day or night without advance notification and the Ministry of Labor and Social Development continued to work with UNICEF on a pilot program to establish regional children's rights ombudsmen. (references)

Morocco

The Government continued a pilot training program for the visually impaired sponsored in part by a member of the royal family. (references)

Brazil

In July 2000, the Government announced the first national pilot program to combat child prostitution, which received a budget during the year of $556,000 (1 million reais). (references)

Civil Liberties

Sweden

To remedy this situation, the Government continued to experiment with pilot programs at selected border crossings to provide expeditious legal assistance. (references)

Economic History

China

Thirty-one Chinese universities have been approved to run pilot projects for distance learning. (references)

Switzerland

The "Energie Schweiz" program is also open to foreign companies seeking to participate in relevant R&D projects, pilot plants etc. (references)

Human Rights

Bangladesh

Due to the judicial system's million-case backlog, the Ministry of Law initiated a pilot program in Comilla offering Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in some civil cases, whereby citizens have the opportunity to have their cases mediated by persons with a background in law before filing their cases. (references)

Ethiopia

In September the Government stopped POW repatriations until it received information from Eritrea on a captured Ethiopian pilot; in October there was one exchange of POW's, but they did not resume otherwise by year's end. (references)

China

In late 1998, the U.N. Population Fund (UNFPA) launched a 4-year pilot project in 32 counties. (references)

Indigenous People

Sri Lanka

Under a pilot program, Veddas received special identity cards to enable their use of these forest areas. (references)

Minorities

Portugal

In an effort to combat discrimination, the NGO, together with the Roma community's representative association, developed a pilot program to teach Roma history and culture in primary schools. (references)

Poland

In February the Government began a pilot project to help the Roma community in the Province of Malopolska. (references)

Political Economy

THAILAND

The pilot program for EDI became operational early in 1998 and the system reportedly covered 90 percent of Thai exports and 70 percent of imports as of October 2001. Customs Act amendments that went into effect January 2000 established transaction value as the basic standard for assessing customs duties, but officials reportedly are not applying the new standard in all cases. (references)

Sudan

On May 9, an ICRC airplane was shot at, and the Danish pilot was killed. (references)

Political Rights

Kyrgyz Republic

Pilot elections for the heads of local administrations were held in 16 villages in the spring and in 9 cities during the summer. (references)

Trade

Bulgaria

TDA funds feasibility studies, consulting contracts, training programs, and other project planning services related to U.S. exports, as well as grants for pilot procurements of U.S. machinery or equipment. (references)

Eq. Guinea

The U.S. Export-Import Bank has a pilot program to support U.S. export sales to public-sector buyers in Equatorial Guinea. (references)

Ukraine

USAID will support LEAP pilot projects in six Ukrainian communities and will develop training materials, guidelines and centers of excellence. (references)

Travel

New Zealand

The United States and New Zealand enjoy a visa waiver pilot program allowing travel, without a visa, for stays up to 90 days. (references)

Women

Israel and the occupied territories

In response to a High Court of Justice ruling, the Israeli Air Force (IAF) since 1996 has permitted women to enter pilot training. (references)

South Africa

In 2000 the Government launched a pilot project in two communities aimed at providing holistic care for rape victims. (references)

Worker Rights

El Salvador

IPEC continued to conduct a number of pilot programs with international funding. (references)

India

During 2000 a Prerana pilot program trained employees of a large Maharashtra government enterprise to identify and assist trafficking victims during their daily bus commute; Prerana also has enlisted the assistance of state police, who help train the workers. (references)

Bangladesh

The Center for Women and Children (CWCS) has networks to monitor trafficking across the country, conducts awareness meetings, and has a pilot project to make police aware of the rights of women and children. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Spoken Usage: Pilot

SpeakerPhrase(s)

Ed McMahon

Let me put it this way. I'm an Irishman. I was a Marine fighter pilot. We do tend to have a drink once in a while. When you get back from one of those missions, you do want to take a little taste of the sauce.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Speeches: Pilot

SpeakerTermPhrase(s)

John F. Kennedy

1961-1963In turning south, the pilot made a serious navigational error which carried him over Soviet territory.

George Bush

1989-1993A few days after the war began, I received a telegram from Joanne Speicher, the wife of the first pilot killed in the gulf, Lieutenant Commander Scott Speicher.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Usage Frequency: Pilot

"Pilot" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 97.73% of the time. "Pilot" is used about 3,079 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Noun (singular)97.73%3,0093,109
Lexical Verb (infinitive)1.65%5147,619
Lexical Verb (base form)0.32%10111,207
Noun (proper)0.29%9117,287
                    Total100.00%3,079N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Name Usage Frequency: Pilot

The following table summarizes the usage of "pilot" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified.
NameUsage/GenderUsage per 100
million Persons
Rank in USA
PilotLast name40019,000
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Usage in Company Names: Pilot

CountryNameCountryName
Japan

Pilot Corporation

USA

Pilot Network Services, Inc.

 (more examples...)  

Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.

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Cities: Pilot


1. Pilot, VA
Zip Code(s): 24138
Country: USA

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Expressions: Pilot

Expressions using "pilot": aerobatic pilot airline pilot airline transport pilot airplane pilot Application pilot for people with special needs automatic pilot bomber pilot Branch pilot car pilot chase pilot check pilot chief pilot coast pilot combat pilot commercial pilot dock pilot drop the pilot fighter pilot glider pilot harbor pilot harbour pilot Ice pilot industrial pilot projects Interoperable Modular Pilot Plants Underlying Logistic System in Europe interrupted pilot jet pilot navy pilot on automatic pilot pilot a bill pilot a bill through parliament pilot alarm pilot balloon pilot bird pilot biscuit pilot bit pilot blacksnake pilot board pilot boat pilot bread pilot burner pilot cadet pilot chart pilot cloth pilot controller system pilot dues pilot engine pilot error pilot European Image Processing Archive pilot experiment pilot film pilot fish pilot flag pilot flame Pilot Grove pilot hand wheel Pilot Hill pilot house pilot instructor pilot jack pilot jacket pilot jet Pilot Knob pilot ladder pilot lamp pilot light pilot model Pilot Mound Pilot Mountain pilot nut pilot officer pilot parachute pilot plant pilot point pilot program pilot project Pilot Projects pilot punch pilot reamer bit Pilot Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic Pilot Rock pilot scheme pilot snake Pilot Station pilot study pilot tape pilot through pilot valve pilot vessel pilot warning instrument pilot wave pilot whale pilot wheel private pilot Professional Pilot robot pilot sea pilot second pilot senior commercial pilot senior pilot sergeant pilot sky pilot. Additional references.

Hyphenated Usage

Beginning with "pilot": pilot-adventurer, pilot-berths, pilot-book, pilot-chute, pilot-coat, pilot-holes, pilot-in-command, pilot-induced, pilot-less, pilot-plant, pilot-prince, pilot-scale, pilot-seat, pilot-study, pilot-style, pilot-surveyed, pilot-test, pilot-tested, pilot-to-controller.

Ending with "pilot": auto-pilot, pre-pilot, single-pilot, test-pilot.

Containing "pilot": co-pilot seat, co-pilot-was, ex-pilot-boat, single-pilot-panel.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Pilot

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

palm pilot

5,225

palm pilot free ware

187

pilot

1,790

plane and pilot

181

honda pilot

1,571

pilot license

180

stone temple pilot

1,545

palm pilot free software

179

pilot virginia

910

private pilot

170

fighter pilot

849

airline pilot

163

pilot virginian

791

pilot online

141

pilot job

551

pilot va

138

palm pilot software

503

pilot shop

136

palm pilot game

405

garmin street pilot

134

pilot training

371

palm pilot downloads

129

jefferson pilot

321

2004 honda pilot

123

jet pilot

293

pilot school

121

palm pilot free game

292

sportys pilot shop

119

pilot supply

285

center pilot travel

119

military pilot

259

pilot gear

118

street pilot

257

free palm pilot downloads

117

stone temple pilot lyrics

230

pilot candidate

115

pilot pen

226

honda pilot accessory

114

gift for pilot

211

pilot watch

111
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translation: Pilot

Language Translations for "pilot"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Albanian

  

program eksperimental, pilotoj, pilot (aeronaut, airman, aviator, flier, flyer), pararojë (advance, advance guard, avant garde, Van, vanguard), udhëheq (conduct, direct, fugle, guide, head, lead, pioneer), timonier (Cox, coxswain, helmsman, navigator, steersman, wheelsman), ngas (bother, drive, fly, irritate, Josh, molest, ride, run, steer, tease), model (cast, classic, classical, copybook, example, exemplar, fashion, figure, make, model, Mold, mould, norm, paradigm, paragon, pattern, sample, sampler, shape, style, type), emision i parë, drejtues (administrator, conductor, foremost, front-bencher, governing, head, leader, leading, managerial, managing, mentor, supervisor), drejtoj (address, administer, administrate, aim, aim at, align, Aline, bend, boss, canalize, Cann, carry on, chair, channel, command, con, conduct, direct, drive, funnel, govern, guide, head, keep, lead, level, manage, navigate, operate, order, point, preside, rectify, refer, rein, relegate, rule, set, shirk, shoot, show, shunt, superintend, supervise, tend, train, unbend, vector). (various references)

   

Arabic 

  

‏مرشد السفن, ‏مرشد (conductor, guide, instructor, leader, usher), ‏مدير الدفة (steersman), ‏قاد طائرة (navigate airplane), ‏قاد (carry, command, conduct, direct, drive, drove, govern, guide, handle, head, helm, induct, introduce, lead, lead in, lead up to, marshal, mastermind, navigate, officer, orientate, preside, run, see out, shepherd, show, show out, steer, take the lead, usher), ‏قائد الطائرة (captain), ‏سير سفينة, ‏طيار (airman, flier, flying), ‏جرب (experience, experiment, give it a try, give it a whirl, have a go, proof, scab, tempt, test, try, try out), ‏أرشد (brief, direct, guide, instruct, lead, lead about, marshal, officer, streamline, tutor), ‏ربان (boatswain, captain, master, navigator, rabbi, skipper), ‏دليل (attestation, clue, companion, directory, evidence, guide, guidebook, in evidence, index, proof, substantiation, telltale, testimonial, testimony). (various references)

   

Asturian

  

pilotu. (various references)

   

Bemba

  

kensha wa ndeke. (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

водя (carry on, conduct, deliver, go, guide, keep, lead, manage, prevent, prosecute, pursue, take, usher in, wage), пилотирам (fly, navigate), помощен (adjunct, adjuvant, ancillary, auxiliary, helping, pony, relief, servo-, subservient, subsidiary), превеждам (interpret, remit, render, transfer, translate, transpose), прекарвам (convey, have, lead, pass, pass away, reside, run, spend, spin out, take over, wheel), летец (aeronaut, airman, aviator, flier, flyer, flying man, sky pilot), лоцман (pilot fish, rudder-fish), направлявам (helm, regulate, rein), направляващо устройство, пилот (aviator), водач (commander, conductor, fugleman, guide, leader, pacer, pathfinder), скара отпред на локомотив, карам (auto, cart, cause, drive, get along, have, impel, keep, lead, make, move, oar, occasion, propel, render, roll along, run, sail, serve, set, set off, start, urge on, wheel), командир (commandant, commander, sirdar), контролен (check, control, inspectoral, inspectorial, master, supervisory), кормчия (coxswain, helmsman, man at the helm, navigating officer, navigator, steersman), регулиращо устройство, ръководител (administrator, boss, director, instructor, leader, manager, mastermind, principal, supervisor), спомагателен (accessary, accessory, accidental, adjunct, ancillary, auxiliary, helping, servo-, subsidiary, supporting, tributary), спомагателен механизъм (doctor), опитен (adept, capable, consummate, empiric, empirical, experienced, experimental, expert, good, grey, laboratory, old, old hand, perfect, practised, proficient, ripe, scientific, skilful, skilled, skillful, sophisticated, thorough-paced, versed, veteran, whizbang). (various references)

   

Cebuano

  

piloto. (various references)

   

Chamorro

  

pilotu. (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

駕駛員 , 飞行员 (Aviator), 飛行員 (aviator). (various references)

   

Cornish

  

lewyer. (various references)

   

Czech

  

prùzkumový, prùkopnický (epoch making, innovative), pilotovat (fly, navigate), pilot, lodivod, kormidelník (Cox, coxswain, helmsman, steerer, steersman), řídit (administrate, conduct, control, direct, drive, fly, govern, guide, handle, head, keep, lead, manage, manoeuvre, navigate, operate, order, preside, regulate, steer, supervise, wield). (various references)

   

Danish

  

pilot (aviator). (various references)

   

Dutch

  

loodsen (navigation, pilotage of vessels, to pilot), loods (barn, barrack, shack, shanty, stand), binnenbrengen (introduction, to bring in, to carry in). (various references)

   

Ecuadorian Quechua

  

antanca p'ahuachic. (various references)

   

Esperanto

  

piloto, piloti. (various references)

   

Faeroese

  

loðsur (boat pilot), leiðvísi, leiðvísari. (various references)

   

Farsi 

  

پیلوت , چراغ راهنما, لیدر, خلبانی کردن , خلبان هواپیما, اسباب تنظیم ومیزان کردن چیزی , ازمایشی (Experimental, Tentative), رهبری کردن (Conduce, Head, Lead, Spearhead), رهبر (Guide, Leader, Premier(Re), Rector, Skipper), راننده کشتی , راندن (Booh, Dislodge, Drive, Force, Hurry, Poach, Rein, Repulse, Row, Steer, Stub, Unkennel, Whisk). (various references)

   

Finnish

  

pilottisignaali, pilotti (pilot wave), sytytysliekki (pilot flame, pilot light), satamaluotsi, ohjaustappi (dowel, dowel pin, guide pin, peg), ohjata (conduct, direct, drive, guide, lead, navigate, steer), ohjaaja (chauffeur, director, driver, instructor, leader), luotsi, luotsata, lentäjä (airman, aviator, flyer), hakutappi (pilot punch, pummel). (various references)

   

French

  

pilote, lamaneur. (various references)

   

Frisian

  

piloat. (various references)

   

German

  

Lotse (air traffic controller, flight controller, guide, navigator), Pilot (driver racing), steuern (steer, manage, taxes, to control, to steer), lotsen (guide, steer). (various references)

   

Greek 

  

πιλοτάρω (aviate, navigate), οδηγός ζώων (cow-catcher), οδηγός φλόγα (pilot flame, pilot light), οδηγώ (drive), πλοηγός, πλοηγόσ (navigator), οδηγός διάτρησης, πηδαλιούχοσ (coxswain, helmsman, steerer, steersman), κύμα ελέγχου (pilot wave), πιλότος, πιλότοι πρωτομάδας,δευτερομάδας,κ.λπ., πιλότοσ, συνοδός (accompanying person, attendant, attendee, companion, concomitant, convoy man, convoyer, guide), καθοδηγητικό στέλεχος (guide pin), καθοδηγητικός πείρος (pilot punch, pummel), πηδαλιουχώ (helm, steer). (various references)

   

Hebrew 

  

לשמש כטיס, להדריך (conduct, direct, educate, guide, instruct, steer, tutor), לנתב (direct, route, trace the way), לנוט (navigate, steer), טייס, טיס (airman, aviator, flier, flyer), נתב (navigator, tracker), נוט (navigator, steersman). (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

pilóta (flying man, airman, aviator), kormányos (helmsman, steersman). (various references)

   

Indonesian

  

pilot (airman, aviator, flyer), pandu (pathfinder, scout). (various references)

   

Inuktitut

  

qangatasuuqti. (various references)

   

Italian

  

pilota (aviator). (various references)

   

Japanese Kanji 

  

飛行家 (aviator), 飛行士 , パイル織 (pile fabric, pilot boat, pilot farm, pilot lamp, pilot shop, pilot survey, pine, pineapple juice, pirate, pirated edition, pirate's pants, powder, powdery, Pyrex, Pyrex glass, Pyroceram), 水先案内 (pilotage), 機長 , 操縦士 . (various references)

   

Japanese Katakana 

  

パイロット , そうじゅうし, きちょう (basis, book-keeping, coming back to ones country, entry, keynote, precious, registry, returning from abroad, screen, signature, valuable), ひこうか (aviator), ひこうし, みずさきあんない (pilotage). (various references)

   

Korean 

  

조종사. (various references)

   

Macedonian

  

pilot. (various references)

   

Manx

  

stiureyder (conductor, controller, coxswain, director, helmsman, manipulator, navigator, regulator, steersman, superintendent, supervisor), stiurey (command, control, controllability, direct, direction, guide, handle, handling, helm, lead, manage, manipulate, manipulation, navigate, navigation, piloting, regulate, regulation, rudder, steer, steering, superintendence, supervise, supervision), leeideilagh purtey. (various references)

   

Maori

  

kai-urungi. (various references)

   

Norwegian

  

los. (various references)

   

Papiamen

  

pilot. (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

ilotpay.(various references)

   

Portuguese

  

piloto (aviator, driver, navigating officer, navigator, pilot light, steersman, wheelsman), pilotar (to pilot), guiar (guide, steer), guia (guide). (various references)

   

Provencal

  

pilòt. (various references)

   

Romanian

  

pilota (fly, hand signal, navigate, ply, sail, steer), pilot (airman, man at the wheel, navigator, pile, steerer), undã pilot, supapã auxiliarã, stâlp (adherent, backbone, column, pier, pilaster, pillar, post, prop, pylon, shaft, spile, staff, stake, stanchion, strut, stud, support, supporter, upholder), ghida (conduct, direct, guide, lead), ghid experimentat, conduce (conduct, control, direct, govern, guide, head, lead, rule), cãlãuzi (advise, guide, head, prevent, teach). (various references)

   

Romansch

  

pilot. (various references)

   

Russian 

  

управлять пилот управляющий, снегоочиститель (snowplough), регулирующий (adjusting, regulating, regulative), кормчий (helmsman), контрольный (auditorial, check), вспомогательный (ancillary), опытный проводник, лоцман (harbor pilot, pilot fish), летчик (aviator, flier, flyer, flying man), быть проводником, проводник (conductor), пробный (tentative), пилотировать, пилот (aviator). (various references)

   

Samoan

  

leoleo. (various references)

   

Sepedi

  

mofofane. (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

pilotirati (aviate, fly), pilot (aviator, flier), sprovoditi (carry out, put into effect), letač (flier, flyer), kormilar (coxswain, helmsman, steersman, wheelman), avijatičar (aviator). (various references)

   

Spanish

  

piloto (airman, aviator, flyer, mate, sidelight, tail lamp, taillight), guía (leader, guide, guidebook, handbook). (various references)

   

Swedish

  

pilot (pilot wave), lotsa (guide, navigate), lots. (various references)

   

Turkish

  

pilotluk yapmak (aviate), pilot (aircraftman, aviator, birdman, flier, flyer), yol göstermek (beacon, direct, front, give smb. a lead, give smb. the wall, guide, lead, lead off, lead the way, prevent, Shepherd), yedek (backup, donkey, duplicate, jury, refill, replacement, reserve, reserve service, reservist, spare, stand by, substitute), uçak kullanmak (aviate), rehber (careers officer, cicerone, conductor, courier, directory, guidance conselor, guide, guidebook, handbook, pathfinder), kumanda düzeni, kullanmak (employ, make use of, turn to account, use), kontrol (check, clutch, clutches, control, countenance, examination, governance, helm, inspection, rein, superintendence, supervision, wire), kılavuzluk etmek, kılavuz (baedeker, code, conductor, guide, lead, manual, pioneer, rudder), deney (experiment, proving, test), deneme (assay, bash, crack, dissertation, effort, essay, experiment, experimentation, fling, go, practice, probation, proof, proving, shakedown, shot, study, tentative, test, testing, touch, trial, try, try out, whack, workout), ayarlayıcı (adjusting, regulative), öncü (advance, advance guard, advanced, apostle, avant garde, bannerbearer, high priest, initiator, pioneer, pole star, precursor, spearhead, trailblazer, vanguard). (various references)

   

Turkmen 

  

pilot (r). (various references)

   

Ukrainian

  

регулюючий (regulative, regulatory), вести (captain, conduct, guide, lead, lead up, pioneer, prosecute, transact), льотчик (airman, aviator, flier, flyer), лоцман, бути провідником, пілотувати, пілот (aviator), провідник (cicerone, conductor, guide), дослідний, допоміжний (accessary, accessorial, accessory, adjuvant, auxiliary, collateral, emergency, intermediate, ministerial, secondary, subsidiary, utility). (various references)

   

Vietnamese 

  

phi công lái máy bay bay thử (test pilot), ngọn lửa chong đèn hướng dẫn (pilot-light), ngọn đèn chong (pilot-light), khí cầu đo gi (pilot-balloon), kế hoạch thứ điểm (pilot scheme), đầu máy thử đường (pilot-engine), đèn điều khiển (pilot-light). (various references)

   

Welsh

  

awyrennwr (airman, aviator). (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Ancestral Language Translations: Pilot

LanguagePeriodTranslations
Greek700 BCE-300 CE

pedon. (various references)

Latin500 BCE-Modern

adversi, adversis, adverso, adversos, adversum, adversus, gubernabat, gubernans, gubernantis, gubernare, gubernat, gubernator, gubernatores, gubernatori, gubernatorum, gubernatur, gubernavit. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Pilot

Derivations

Words beginning with "pilot": pilotage, pilotages, piloted, pilothouse, pilothouses, piloting, pilotings, pilotless, pilots. (additional references)

Words ending with "pilot": autopilot, copilot. (additional references)

Words containing "pilot": autopilots, copilots. (additional references)


Misspellings

"Pilot" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Gilot, iplet, ipol, pailo, pallot, Peixoto, Pejot, pellot, pelot, philoi, Philorth, Pibor, pidot, pielet, Pielou, pigot, pilao, pilat, Pilato, pilet, Pilkou, pillo, pilloe, pilo, pilost, Pilota, pilotari, pilote, Pilotta, pilou, pilov, pilt, pilth, piltt, pilty, pimot, piol, piolet, Piot, Pirot, pitol, pitot, Pixote, pizo, pliet, plift, pliolite, ploit, ploot, Pokot, Poltox, prilt, psilo, pulot, pul-owt, Pygot, pylox, Pyot. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Pilot"

# of Phoneme MatchesPronunciationWord(s) rhyming with "pilot" (pronounced pī"lut)
4-ī" l u teyelet.
3-l u tamulet, anklet, appellate, articulate, autopilot, ballot, billet, booklet, boomlet, bracelet, branchlet, bullet, Charlotte, chocolate, collet, consulate, copilot, immaculate, inarticulate, desolate, droplet, emasculate, Gantlet, gauntlet, giblet, goblet, gullet, hamlet, harlot, helot, inviolate, lancelet, leaflet, mallet, Merlot, Millet, mullet, omelet, palate, palette, pallet, pamphlet, particulate, pellet, piglet, platelet, prelate, quintuplet, scarlet, sextuplet, skillet, starlet, tablet, template, templet, toilet, triplet, ultraviolet, Violet, wallet, zealot.

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Pilot

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Words within the letters "i-l-o-p-t"

-1 letter: loti, plot, toil, topi.

-2 letters: lip, lit, lop, lot, oil, opt, pit, poi, pol, pot, til, tip, top.

-3 letters: it, li, lo, op, pi, ti, to.

 Words containing the letters "i-l-o-p-t"
 

+1 letter: pilots, piolet, pistol, polite, polity, pontil, spoilt.

 

+2 letters: apostil, capitol, coalpit, copilot, diplont, exploit, galipot, hilltop, hoplite, optical, optimal, petiole, piloted, pinitol, piolets, pistole, pistols, pivotal, poitrel, politer, politic, pollist, poloist, pontils, potboil, potlike, potline, slipout, spotlit, talipot, topical, topline, topsail, topsoil, tripoli.

 

+3 letters: antipole, anviltop, apostils, capitols, coalpits, colpitis, copilots, dioptral, diplomat, diplonts, epicotyl, exploits, galipots, gallipot, helicopt, heliport, helistop, hilltops, hoplites, hoplitic, hospital, impolite, isopleth, lepidote, leprotic, leptonic, lipocyte, lipomata, loopiest, loppiest, lopstick, milepost, oppilant, oppilate, optional, petaloid, petiolar, petioled, petioles, petrolic, pilewort, pilosity, pilotage, piloting, pinitols, pisolite, pistoled, pistoles, platonic, pliotron, plotline, plottier, plotties, plotting, plotzing, plutonic, poetical, poetlike, poitrels, polarity, polemist, politely, politest, politick, politico, politics, polities, pollists, poloists, ponytail, poplitic, populist, portlier, potboils, potlines, poultice, psilotic, shoplift, slipknot, slipouts, spoliate, sportily, spottily, talapoin, talipots, terpinol, tholepin, toplines, toppling, topsails, topsoils, torpidly, triploid, tripodal, tripolis, troopial, tropical, troupial, unpolite, unspoilt.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Modern
5. Usage: Commercial
6. Images: Slideshow
7. Images: Photo Album
8. Images: Digital Art
9. Sounds
10. Quotations: Familiar
11. Quotations: Fiction
12. Quotations: Non-fiction
13. Quotations: Spoken
14. Quotations: Speeches
15. Usage Frequency
16. Names: Frequency
17. Names: Company Usage
18. Cities
19. Expressions
20. Expressions: Internet
21. Translations: Modern
22. Translations: Ancient
23. Abbreviations
24. Acronyms
25. Derivations
26. Rhymes
27. Anagrams
28. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.