Peptide

Definition: Peptide

Peptide

Noun

1. Amide combining the amino group of one amino acid with the carboxyl group of another; usually obtained by partial hydrolysis of protein.

Date "peptide" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1985. (references)

Specialty Definitions: Peptide

Domain	Definitions
Health	Any compound consisting of two or more amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Peptides are combined to make proteins. (references)
Medicine	Amino acids joined by a peptide bond are said to constitute a peptide. Hence a protein molecule is a polypeptide chain composed of many aminoacid residues, each residue joined to the next by a peptide bond. Source: European Union. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Peptide

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Peptides are the family of molecules formed from the linking, in a defined order, of various amino acids. The link between one amino acid residue and the next is an amide bond, and is sometimes referred to as a peptide bond. An amide bond is somewhat shorter than a typical carbon-nitrogen single bond, and has a partial double-bond character, because the participating carbon molecule is doubly bonded to an oxygen molecule and the nitrogen has a lone pair of electrons available for bonding.

Peptides (like proteins) occur in nature and are responsible for a wide array of functions, many of which are not yet understood.

Peptides differ from proteins, which are also long chains of amino acids, by virtue of their size. Traditionally, those peptide chains that are short enough to make synthetically from the constituent amino acids are called peptides rather than proteins. The dividing line is at approximately 50 amino acids in length, since naturally-occurring proteins tend, at their smallest, to be hundreds of residues long.

Notes on terminology:

A polypeptide is a single linear chain of amino acids.

An oligopeptide or (simply) a peptide is a polypeptide less than 30-50 amino acids long.

A protein is one or more polypeptides more than about 50 amino acids long.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Peptide."

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Crosswords: Peptide

English words defined with "peptide": fibrinopeptide ♦ peptidase, peptide bond, peptide linkage, polypeptide, protease, protein molecule, proteinase, proteolysis, proteolytic enzyme ♦ structural gene. (references)

Specialty definitions using "peptide": Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ♦ Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide ♦ monocyte chemotactic peptide ♦ N-terminal peptide ♦ Peptide Chain Initiation, Peptide Elongation Factor 1, Peptide Elongation Factor 2, Peptide Elongation Factor G, Peptide Hydrolases, Peptide Library, Peptide Nucleic Acids, Peptide PHI, Peptide T, Peptide YY ♦ Receptors, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide, Receptors, Invertebrate Peptide, Receptors, Peptide, Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide. (references)

Non-English Usage: "Peptide" is also a word in the following language with the English translation in parentheses.

Dutch (peptide).

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Commercial Usage: Peptide

Domain	Title
Books	Combinatorial Peptide and Nonpeptide Libraries: A Handbook (reference) Peptide Arrays on Membrane Supports: Synthesis and Applications (Springer Lab Manual) (reference) Peptides 1982: Proceedings of the 17th European Peptide Symposium, Prague, Czechoslovakia, August 29-September 3, 1982 (reference) Trends and Future Perspectives in Peptide and Protein Drug Delivery (Drug Targeting and Delivery) (reference) (more book examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Photo Album: Peptide

Thumbnail	Description & Credit
	Mechanism of Peptide Hormone Signalling : An Immunoglobulin Gene Model.Credit: National Library of Medicine.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Peptide

Subject	Topic	Quote
Health		Or, peptide therapy may jam the errant cells' receptors, preventing the cells from attacking myelin. (references)
		Despite these promising early results, there are some major obstacles to developing vaccine and peptide therapies. (references)
		Pancreatic tumors that secrete too much glucagon or somatostatin can cause diabetes, and too much vasoactive intestinal peptide can cause diarrhea. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Usage Frequency: Peptide

"Peptide" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.69% of the time. "Peptide" is used about 325 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Noun (singular)	99.69%	324	15,993
Lexical Verb (infinitive)	0.31%	1	339,140
Total	100.00%	325	N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Expression: Peptide

Expressions using "peptide": Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ♦ cationic antimicrobial peptide ♦ Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide ♦ Gastrin-Releasing Peptide ♦ monocyte chemotactic peptide ♦ peptide 946 ♦ peptide backbone ♦ peptide bond ♦ peptide bonding ♦ Peptide Chain Elongation ♦ Peptide Chain Initiation ♦ Peptide Chain Termination ♦ Peptide Elongation Factor 1 ♦ Peptide Elongation Factor 2 ♦ Peptide Elongation Factor G ♦ Peptide Elongation Factor Tu ♦ Peptide Elongation Factors ♦ Peptide Fragments ♦ Peptide Hydrolases ♦ Peptide Initiation Factors ♦ Peptide Library ♦ peptide linkage ♦ Peptide Mapping ♦ Peptide Nucleic Acids ♦ Peptide PHI ♦ Peptide Synthases ♦ Peptide T ♦ Peptide Termination Factors ♦ Peptide YY ♦ synthetic peptide ♦ tick anticoagulant peptide ♦ tumour peptide ♦ tyrosinase peptide ♦ Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide. Additional references.
Hyphenated Usage
	Beginning with "peptide": peptide-pulsed, peptide-specific.
	Ending with "peptide": anti-peptide.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Peptide

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.

Expression	Frequency per Day	Expression	Frequency per Day
peptide	69	peptide nucleic acid	6
peptide synthesis	55	american peptide society	6
c peptide	36	amino peptide complex	5
brain natriuretic peptide	28	solid phase peptide synthesis	5
b natriuretic peptide type	27	amino peptide	5
oglio peptide	23	c peptide test	5
copper peptide	21	american company peptide	5
glutamine peptide	16	cancer pancreatic peptide protein	4
bond peptide	16	flag peptide	4
peptide hormone	11	b naturetic peptide	4
brain naturetic peptide	10	beta natriuretic peptide	4
natriuretic peptide	9	peptide production	4
peptide turn �	8	custom peptide	4
american peptide	7	peptide sequencing	4
american peptide symposium	6	multiple peptide system	4
custom peptide synthesis	6	vasoactive intestinal peptide	4
b natriuretic peptide	6	copper peptide cream	4
atrial natriuretic peptide	6	global peptide services	4
mimetics peptide	6	brain peptide	4
peptide library	6	peptide drug	3
		global peptide	3
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translations: Peptide

Language		Translations for "peptide"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Chinese		胜 (able to bear, learn by heart, the back of the body, to be burdened, to carry on the back or shoulder, victorious), 肽. (various references)

Danish		peptid. (various references)

Dutch		peptide. (various references)

Finnish		peptidi. (various references)

French		peptide. (various references)

German		Peptid. (various references)

Greek		πεπτιδικός χάρτης (peptide fingerprint, peptide map), πεπτιδικός δεσμός (peptide bond, peptide bonding), πεπτιδική υδρολάση (peptide hydrolase), πεπτιδική ορμόνη (peptide hormone, peptide-like hormone), πεπτίδιο-οδηγός (leader peptide), αντιγονικό πεπτίδιο (antigenic peptide). (various references)

Hungarian		peptidkötés (peptide linkage). (various references)

Italian		peptide. (various references)

Japanese Kanji		ペトリ皿 (pedometer, penalty, penalty area, penalty box, penalty goal, penalty kick, penicillin, penicillin anaphylaxy, penicillin shock, penis, pennant, pennant race, pepper, peppermint, pepsin, petri dish, petrofood, petroleum, PG). (various references)

Japanese Katakana		ペプチド . (various references)

Korean		펩티�"�. (various references)

Pig Latin		eptidepay

Portuguese		peptídeo, péptido. (various references)

Russian		пептид. (various references)

Spanish		péptido. (various references)

Swedish		peptid. (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Peptide

Derivations
	Words beginning with "peptide": peptides. (additional references)
	Words ending with "peptide": dipeptide, fibrinopeptide, glycopeptide, mucopeptide, neuropeptide, octapeptide, pentapeptide, polypeptide. (additional references)
	Words containing "peptide": dipeptides, fibrinopeptides, glycopeptides, mucopeptides, neuropeptides, octapeptides, pentapeptides, polypeptides. (additional references)
Misspellings
	"Peptide" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Meptid, pepetide, pepie, pepside, peptite, pietade, Pipridae, putida. (additional references)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Peptide"

# of Phoneme Matches	Pronunciation	Word(s) rhyming with "peptide" (pronounced pe"ptī'd)
3	-t ī' d	apartheid, nucleotide, yuletide.
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Peptide

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "d-e-e-i-p-p-t"
	-1 letter: peptid, tipped.
	-2 letters: piped, pipet, tepid.
	-3 letters: deep, deet, diet, dipt, dite, edit, eide, peed, peep, pied, pipe, teed, tide, tied.
	-4 letters: dee, die, dip, dit, ped, pee, pep, pet, pie, pip, pit, ted, tee, tie, tip.
	-5 letters: de, ed, et, id, it, pe, pi, ti.
	Words containing the letters "d-e-e-i-p-p-t"
	+1 letter: peptides, peptized, pipetted.
	+2 letters: dipeptide, peptidase.
	+3 letters: dipeptides, epileptoid, overtipped, peptidases, preprinted, propertied, wiretapped.
	+4 letters: appertained, appreciated, apprenticed, dipeptidase, interlapped, lepidoptera, livetrapped, mucopeptide, octapeptide, polypeptide, preadaptive, reappointed, sidestepped, sidestepper.
	+5 letters: dipeptidases, exopeptidase, expropriated, glycopeptide, intercropped, lepidopteran, mucopeptides, neuropeptide, octapeptides, pentapeptide, polypeptides, precipitated, preportioned, propaedeutic, pteridophyte, pteridosperm, sidesteppers, sidestepping.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.