Peace

Definition: Peace

Peace

Noun

1. The state prevailing during the absence of war.

2. Harmonious relations; freedom from disputes; "the roommates lived in peace together".

3. The absence of mental stress or anxiety.

4. The general security of public places; "he was arrested for disturbing the peace".

5. A treaty to cease hostilities; "peace came on November 11th".

"Peace" is a name that signifies or is derived from: "the peace".

Date "peace" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references)

Specialty Definition: Peace

Domain	Definition
Satire	PEACE, n. In international affairs, a period of cheating between two periods of fighting. O, what's the loud uproar assailing Mine ears without cease? 'Tis the voice of the hopeful, all-hailing The horrors of peace. Ah, Peace Universal; they woo it -- Would marry it, too. If only they knew how to do it 'Twere easy to do. They're working by night and by day On their problem, like moles. Have mercy, O Heaven, I pray, On their meddlesome souls! Ro Amil. Source: Devil's Dictionary.
19th Century Satire	A mythical condition of tranquillity frequently reported from the Phillipines. Source: Foolish Dictionary, 1904.
Literature	Peace The Perpetual Peace. The peace concluded January 24th, 1502, between England and Scotland. But a few years afterwards the battle of Flodden Field was fought. Source: Brewer's Dictionary.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Green economics

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Green economics loosely defines a theory of economics by which an economy is considered to be component of the ecosystem in which it resides. A holistic approch to the subject is typical, such that economic ideas are commingled with any number of other subjects, depending on the particular theorist. Proponents of feminism, postmodernism, the ecology movement, peace movement, Green Political movements, green anarchism and the anti-globalization movement have used the term to describe very different ideas. Accordingly, green economics has been viewed as external to mainstream economics, although there are varying degrees of diffusion and debate on what are the points of contention. It is thus preferable to refer to a loose school of "green economists" rather than any single "green economics".
Green is post-neoclassical
Neoclassical economics represents the main body of modern economics. Neoclassical economists begin with a strict set of assumptions that enable a mathematical treatment of the subject. An unintended consequence of the normal assumptions is to exclude the evolution of a system, including moral or inherited and evolving preferences from analysis. Due to these exclusions, neo-classical economics is almost antithetical to life. The greens are often confused both with political Greens and with advocates of "more mainstream" environmental economics that does not question the neoclassical political economy of global market capitalism - and heavily exploits the neoclassical methods in its subfields environmental finance, Natural Capitalism, measuring well-being and sustainable development.
The green economists share broader ecological and social concerns with capitalism itself. - and seek a new political economy entirely, with one commonly shared objective being to reform instruments of money supply, aligning inflation rates (which set the value of money itself) to ecological and social criteria to overcome "the three deficits: environment, social, and financial."

Tendencies and factions
Various subgroups of these economists avoid the label green or Green in part to avoid association with political Green Parties and their broader goals. Often these use the older terms environmental economics or resource economics which emphasized the now-mainstream goal of economic sustainability and treating so-called "natural resources" as full "natural capital".
This article covers those who have extended this analysis or reject measures of global "sustainability" - few of whom now use the older terms or accept Natural Capitalism. Those who focus clearly and only on sustainability are a distinct group concerned with environmental finance - the use of financial instruments to set up incentives to save ecology, especially endangered species or fragile ecoregions.
What differentiates all green from labor economists is the insistence on treating natural living systems, including the human body, as factors of production, and clearly differentiating these from any non-living factors. A common characterization is that greens distinguish "factors from actors":

Life versus not
Indeed, what seems to define green economists most clearly is the rejection of all analyses of factors of production or means of production that fail to clearly and fundamentally distinguish between living (nature, persons)and non-living (financial, social, instructional, infrastructural) roles in a productive process. Some have detailed critiques of "Fordism" (after Henry Ford) and "productivism", as best developed by Alain Lipietz of the French Greens. They characterize the belief in such concepts as "economic growth" as a delusion, an ideology, and worse, as they disrupt and destroy ecological growth in life support capacity of a natural ecosystem: air and water filtering, food production, fiber growth. These often characterize their work as "social ecology" and may employ the Marxist analysis of means of production.
However, there is an equally-strong strain of "right greens" who emphasize the role of tax, trade, and tariff laws in encouraging destructive behavior - they often characterize "dirty subsidy" or "dirty money" as the problem - and seek to change banking rather than social values.

Ecologies produce, people create, local is more reliable
Three assumptions that seem to be universal among green economists are:

That living ecoregions are better valued as service-producing natural capital than as passive natural resources.
That creative "enterprise" or individual capital must be differentiated from more general ideas or analyses of human capital or human resources, as what characterizes both evolution and intelligence is an unpredictable and creative movement towards greater energy economy, e.g. a tree spans a volume so as to most effectively convert available light to energy using its leaves.
That local measurements are almost always better than global ones, and scale of measures must match the scale of the commons being managed.

Small is beautiful
Of these three assumptions, the third is the oldest, and was first codified clearly in E. F. Schumacher's "Small is Beautiful". It emphasized the value of a local point of view, like that of gardening, that would require "use-value" or "service value" to be assessed in context of a living ecoregion or economic process, and would de-emphasize the value of resource, commodity or product measures. In addition many de-emphasize protest, notably Brian Milani who has contributed significantly to a green micro-economics, e.g. of eco-villages, and notes that "efforts to encourage nature appreciation and environmental protection often reinforce the chasm between the human economy and non-human nature."
He argues that "The environmental movement in particular should put more emphasis on establishing an educational network that both formalizes its educational tasks and systemizes connections with the rest of the community. But this, of course, assumes that the environmental movement becomes more aware of, and proactive about, economic alternatives."
This bottom-up approach seems to mirror that which successfully promoted the emotionalist moral philosophy of Adam Smith and the classical economists, "that eventually caused fundamental changes in politics, culture, religion, and conceptions of human nature." A revolution not of politicians and theorists, but of gardeners, shop-keepers, and purchasers.

Can green go global?
At the other scale extreme is the view of Goldsmith, that scientific understanding of human bodies, cognition, and Earth's ecology, constitutes "a single order" and "a single set of laws, whose generalities apply equally well to biological organisms, vernacular societies and ecosystems and to Gaia herself." Such views seem to inspire the Global Greens who believe that centralized measurements can perhaps be reformed, in line with a general ethic that emphasizes "Earth First" (the name of one influential NGO) and social and economic measurements as only secondary.
This "recognition that economy is nested within society which is nested within ecology, and that ecological flows (e.g. watersheds, air flows, gene flows) determine political power and bodily service relationships" is seen as pivotal by other greens who see The Enlightenment as being over, and a new movement, The Embodiment, replacing it on a cultural level.

Can green fight global?
This is a common theme among Greens in general, who have a broad critique of dominator culture and monoculture which has flowered in the anti-globalization movement to unite with other critics of global capitalism.
Some, following systems biology, differentiate "between Plant (energy-binding), Animal (space-binding), Human (time-binding) and Truth-binding mechanisms" among which they variously count religion, banking, capitalism and economics itself. Whether greens will ever agree on a single "truth-binding" political economy remains a matter of controversy.

Biology versus buying
There is, as yet, no clear agreement between greens even on basic terms of reference. Difficulty of measuring diverse "ecological flows" makes the field also diverse. It is generally impossible to distinguish green economists, ecology theorists and systems theorists, as the green analysis deliberately uses metaphors from natural capital to describe or design infrastructural capital, i.e. employing biomimicry in the broadest sense. A good summary of attitudes is that of Lynn Margulis who holds that ethics, economics, and biology are indistinguishable, and that all three apply to any study of ecology: "economists study the way that humans make a living, and biologists study how all other species make a living."
She also claims that certain tenets of biology are incompatible with ecology: Darwinian evolution "is totally wrong. It's wrong like infectious medicine was wrong before Pasteur. It's wrong like phrenology is wrong. Every major tenet of it is wrong," she writes, in Kevin Kelly's book "Out of Control : The New Biology of Machines, Social Systems and the Economic World".
Green economists vary drastically in how much they question conventional biology and ethics, how reliant they are on cognitive science as a neutral point of view for their micro-economics of human purchasing. Most however are committed to "moral purchasing" regimes that generally deny the value of nation-states or corporations to diffuse responsibility for moral harms done by one's consumption and purchase habits.
Value of life
One holy grail of green economists is a theory of why humans see value in such commodities as gold, and why they habitually reward social and sexual fitness (i.e. appearances) strongly over ecological fitness (i.e. energy efficiency, survival) whenever they have the luxury to build complex financial systems. This parallels and opposes the ambition of neoclassical economics to find parallels in radically autonomous physics and chemistry - but the two views are complementary, and come together in such doctrines as Natural Capitalism, which seems to reflect both green and neoclassical constraints.
A less ambitious field is environmental finance which seeks to justify biodiversity directly as a unit of stored value, e.g. a rainforest standard replace the gold standard. Some refer to this as a "biosecurity standard" or "biosafety standard" of value, but these are not yet common usage - instead a broad strategy of using conventional financial instruments to save ecology deemed unique or irreplaceable has developed, without any agreement on any one standard of biodiversity's value.

Are humans infinitely precious?
However, some of these ambitions parallel and oppose the ambition of labor economics, the United Religions Initiative, generic global ethics and humanism to place an infinitely high value on human life - and thus, as the greens see it, a constantly-decreasing value on other life.
Indeed, a dramatic fact highlighted by the IPCC is that a human life in developed nations is valued 15x higher than in the developing nations - measured strictly in terms of ability to pay to prevent global climate change. Most political Greens reject such an analysis as hopelessly unsustainable given modern terrorism and asymmetric warfare, but what seems to characterize green economists as a class is a willingness to work with such outrageous commodifying assumptions.
In effect, humans cannot be treated differently from Great Apes or whales or any other keystone species, for the green analysis to have integrity. As with other species, society must then set a finite value on what it will do to avoid losing a human life. Otherwise, humans seeking survival at all costs in ever-growing numbers must ultimate overcome sustainability on all levels and cannibalize the Earth's natural capital into "resources". This constraint of "sustainability" has become important to other economists who seem unwilling or unable to deal with limits it imposes.
Influences and opponents
Important economists and systems theorists who have contributed analyses to the body of green economics include E. F. Schumacher, Robert Costanza, Lynn Margulis, David Korten, Buckminster Fuller, Herman Daly, Donella Meadows, Paul Hawken, Amory Lovins, Hunter Lovins, Brian Milani, Marilyn Waring, Jane Jacobs, Robin Hanson and Amartya Sen. Some of these are more associated with anarchism or libertarianism but any green theory generally favors all "local measures" over "global measures", so the affinity is inevitable. Local measurement of ecological conditions and integrity replacing trust in centralized institutions (such as the IMF, World Bank, WTO, BIS, WIPO or UN) is a key green theme.
There are also a significant number of ethicists, scientists (particularly linguists and complexity theorists), political scientists, postmodernists and journalists whose work has contributed to a broad green political economy. The list includes Edward O. Wilson, George Lakoff, Rushworth Kidder, Peter Singer, Alain Lipietz, Amos Tversky, Daniel Kahneman, Jean Baudrillard, Carol Moore, Liane Gabora, Richard Thaler, Robert Mundell, and others whose behavioral finance, cognitive psychology, cognitive science and chaos theory have helped to trace out the limits of predictable process.
Robin Hahnel and Michael Albert have attempted to define a restricted, purely economic model which does not contain any mechanisms for dealing with ecological issues, but are hopeful that others may extend the model to deal with ecological issues. A debate attempting to clarify how this model, the participatory economics model, relates to the "social ecology" model, is linked below.

External Links

"Beyond Environmental Protection", Brian Milani, 2001
Eco-Village network of the Americas
"Living Ecologically" topics
Scientists for Global Responsibility
Emotionalist Moral Philosophy
Global Commons Institute
critique of centralism
Global Resource Bank
Goldsmith and his Gaian hierarchy
"The Embodiment" trends list - note trend 4
"A Tale of Two Botanies" - Lovins and Lovins
Genesis of Eden Diversity encyclopedia
Debate to disentangle Participatory Economics and Social Ecology
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Green economics."

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Nobel Peace Prize

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

The Nobel Peace Prize (pronounced /noubell/) is one of five Nobel Prizes bequested by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel. Four of the five prizes are awarded in Stockholm each year, but Nobel had stipulated in his will that the Peace Prize could not be awarded in Sweden. Instead the Norwegian capital of Oslo was chosen as the award site and the Norwegian Nobel Committee, which members are chosen by the Norwegian Parliament, is appointed to select the laureate for the Peace Prize.
According to the will of Alfred Nobel the prize should be awarded "to the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between the nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses".

Laureates
This is a list of the Nobel Peace Prize laureates:
; 1901 : Jean Henri Dunant (Switzerland), founder of the Red Cross and initiator of the Geneva convention. : Frédéric Passy (France), founder and president of the Societé Française pour l'arbitrage entre nations. ; 1902 : Élie Ducommun (Switzerland) and Charles Albert Gobat, honorary secretaries of the Permanent International Peace Bureau in Berne. ; 1903 : Sir William Randal Cremer (UK), secretary of the International Arbitration League. ; 1904 : Institut de droit international (Gent, Belgium). ; 1905 : Bertha Sophie Felicitas Baronin von Suttner, née Countess Kinsky von Chinic und Tettau (Austria), writer, honorary president of the Permanent International Peace Bureau. ; 1906 : Theodore Roosevelt (USA), president of the United States, for drawing up the peace treaty in the Russo-Japanese War. ; 1907 : Ernesto Teodoro Moneta (Italy), president of the Lombard League of Peace. : Louis Renault (France), professor of International Law. ; 1908 : Klas Pontus Arnoldson (Sweden), founder of the Swedish Peace and Arbitration League. : Fredrik Bajer (Denmark), honorary president of the Permanent International Peace Bureau. ; 1909 : Auguste Marie Francois Beernaert (Belgium), member of the Cour Internationale d'Arbitrage. : Paul Henribenjamin Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant, Baron de Constant de Rebecque (France), founder and president of the French parliamentary group for international arbitration. Founder of the Comité de défense des intérets nationaux et de conciliation internationale ; 1910 : Bureau International Permanent de la Paix (Permanent International Peace Bureau), Berne. ; 1911 : Tobias Michael Carel Asser (Netherlands), initiator of the International Conferences of Private Law in The Hague. : Alfred Hermann Fried (Austria), founder of Die Waffen Nieder. ; 1912 : Elihu Root (USA), for initiating various arbitration agreements. ; 1913 : Henri la Fontaine (Belgium), president of the Permanent International Peace Bureau. ; 1914-1916 : Not awarded. ; 1917 : International Red Cross, Geneva. ; 1918 : Not awarded. ; 1919 : Woodrow Wilson (USA) for founding the League of Nations. ; 1920 : Léon Victor Auguste Bourgeois, president of the Council of the League of Nations.
; 1921 : Karl Hjalmar Branting (Sweden), prime minister, Swedish delegate to the Council of the League of Nations. : Christian Lous Lange (Norway), secretary-general of the Inter-Parliamentary Union ; 1922 : Fridtjof Nansen (Norway), Norwegian delegate to the League of Nations, originator of the Nansen passports for refugees. ; 1923-1924 : Not awarded. ; 1925 : Sir Austen Chamberlain (UK) for the Locarno Treaty. : Charles Gates Dawes (USA), chairman of the Allied Reparation Commission and originator of the Dawes Plan. ; 1926 : Aristide Briand (France) for the Locarno Treaties. : Gustav Stresemann (Germany) for the Locarno Treaties. ; 1927 : Ferdinand Buisson (France), founder and president of the League for Human Rights. : Ludwig Quidde (Germany), delegate to numerous peace conferences. ; 1928 : Not awarded. ; 1929 : Frank B. Kellogg (USA) for the Briand-Kellogg Pact. ; 1930 : Archbishop Lars Olof Nathan (Jonathan) Söderblom (Sweden), leader of the ecumenical movement. ; 1931 : Jane Addams (USA), international president of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom : Nicholas Murray Butler (USA) for promoting the Briand-Kellogg Pact. ; 1932 : Not awarded. ; 1933 : Sir Norman Angell (Ralph Lane) (UK), writer, member of the Executive Committee of the League of Nations and the National Peace Council. ; 1934 : Arthur Henderson (UK), chairman of the League of Nations Disarmament Conference ; 1935 : Carl von Ossietzky (Germany), pacifist journalist. ; 1936 : Carlos Saavedra Lamas (Argentina), president of the League of Nations and mediator in a conflict between Paraguay and Bolivia. ; 1937 : Viscount Cecil of Chelwood (Lord Edgar Algernon Robert Gascoyne Cecil), founder and president of the International Peace Campaign. ; 1938 : Nansen International Office For Refugees, Geneva. ; 1939-1943 : Not awarded. ; 1944 : International Committee of the Red Cross (awarded retroactively in 1945). ; 1945 : Cordell Hull (USA) for co-initiating the United Nations. ; 1946 : Emily Greene Balch (USA), honorary international president of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom : John R. Mott (USA), chairman of the International Missionary Council and president of the World Alliance of Young Men's Christian Associations ; 1947 : The Friends Service Council (UK) and The American Friends Service Committee (USA), on behalf of the Religious Society of Friends, better known as the Quakers. ; 1948 : Not awarded. ; 1949 : Lord John Boyd Orr of Brechin (UK), director General Food and Agricultural Organization, president National Peace Council, president World Union of Peace Organizations. ; 1950 : Ralph Bunche for mediating in Palestine (1948). ; 1951 : Léon Jouhaux (France), president of the International Committee of the European Council, vice president of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, vice president of the World Federation of Trade Unions, member of the ILO Council, delegate to the UN. ; 1952 : Albert Schweitzer (France) for founding the Lambarene Hospital in Gabon. ; 1953 : American Secretary of State George Catlett Marshall for the Marshall Plan. ; 1954 : The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. ; 1955-1956 : Not awarded. ; 1957 : Lester Bowles Pearson (Canada), president of the 7th session of the United Nations General Assembly. ; 1958 : Georges Pire (Belgium), leader of L'Europe du Coeur au Service du Monde, a relief organization for refugees. ; 1959 : Philip Noel-Baker (UK), for his lifelong ardent work for international peace and co-operation.
; 1960 : Albert Lutuli (South Africa), president of the ANC (African National Congress). ; 1961 : Dag Hammarskjöld (Sweden), secretary-general of the UN (awarded posthumously). ; 1962 : Linus Carl Pauling (USA) for his campaign against nuclear weapons testing. ; 1963 : International Committee of the Red Cross, Geneva. : League of Red Cross Societies, Geneva. ; 1964 : Martin Luther King Jr (USA), campaigner for civil rights. ; 1965 : United Nation's Children's Fund (UNICEF) ; 1966-1967 : Not awarded. ; 1968 : René Cassin (France), president of the European Court for Human Rights. ; 1969 : International Labour Organization (I.L.O.), Geneva. ; 1970 : Norman Borlaug (USA), for research at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center. ; 1971 : Willy Brandt (Germany), for West Germany's Ostpolitik, embodying a new attitude towards Eastern Europe and East Germany. ; 1972 : Not awarded. ; 1973 : Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger (USA) and Foreign Minister Le Duc Tho (Vietnam, declined) for the Vietnam peace accord. ; 1974 : Séan MacBride (Ireland), president of the International Peace Bureau and the Commission of Namibia of the United Nations. : Eisaku Sato (Japan), prime minister. ; 1975 : Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov (USSR) for his campaigning for human rights. ; 1976 : Betty Williams and Mairead Corrigan, founders of the Northern Ireland Peace Movement (later renamed Community of Peace People). ; 1977 : Amnesty International, London, for its campaign against torture. ; 1978 : President Mohamed Anwar Al-Sadat (Egypt) and Prime Minister Menachem Begin (Israel) for negotiating peace between Egypt and Israel. ; 1979 : Mother Teresa (India) ; 1980 : Adolfo Pérez Esquivel (Argentina), human rights ; 1981 : The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. ; 1982 : Alva Myrdal (Sweden) and Alfonso García Robles (Mexico), delegates to the United Nations General Assembly on Disarmament. ; 1983 : Lech Walesa (Poland), founder of Solidarnosc and campaigner for human rights. ; 1984 : Bishop Desmond Mpilo Tutu (South Africa) for his work against apartheid. ; 1985 : International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, Boston. ; 1986 : Elie Wiesel (USA). ; 1987 : Oscar Arias Sanchez (Costa Rica) for initiating peace negotations in Central America. ; 1988 : The United Nations Peace-Keeping Forces, New York. ; 1989 : Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama. ; 1990 : President Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (USSR) for helping to end the Cold War. ; 1991 : Aung San Suu Kyi (Burma), opposition leader and human rights advocate. ; 1992 : Rigoberta Menchu Tum (Guatemala), for campaigning for human rights, especially for indigenous peoples. ; 1993 : President Nelson Mandela (South Africa) and Former President Frederik Willem de Klerk (South Africa). ; 1994 : PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat (Palestine), Foreign Minister Shimon Peres (Israel) and Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin (Israel), for concluding the Oslo peace accords. ; 1995 : Joseph Rotblat (Poland/UK) and the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs, for their efforts in the fight against nuclear arms. ; 1996 : Carlos Felipe Ximenes Belo (East Timor) and Jose Ramos-Horta (East Timor) for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor. ; 1997 : International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) and Jody Williams (VVAF) for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines. ; 1998 : John Hume (UK) and David Trimble (UK) for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland. ; 1999 : Medecins Sans Frontieres, Brussels. ; 2000 : President Kim Dae Jung (South Korea) for his work for democracy and human rights, and in particular for peace and reconciliation with North Korea. ; 2001 : The United Nations and its secretary-general Kofi Annan (Ghana) ; 2002 : Jimmy Carter - former President of USA "for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development" ; 2003: Shirin Ebadi, Iranian human rights activist and democracy campaigner
See also: Pacifism, List of pacifists
External links

The Nobel Foundation
The Norwegian Nobel Institute
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Nobel Peace Prize."

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Peace

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Peace is generally defined as a state of quiet or tranquillity, as an absence of disturbance or agitation (Latin derivation Pax = Absentia Belli).
More specifically, it can refer to an absence of violence or war. In this sense, peace between and within national states is a goal of many persons and organisations, notably the United Nations. Peace can be voluntary, where potential agitators choose to abstain from disturbance, or it can be enforced, by suppressing those who might otherwise cause such disturbance.
Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr wrote in his Letter from Birmingham Jail that, "True peace is not merely the absence of tension: it is the presence of justice."

See also

Peace process
Nonviolence
Pacifism
peace symbol
Japanese Peace Bell
Projects working for peace among Israelis and Arabs
World peace
List of places named after peace

External Links

Nonviolence.org
Peace Action (a U.S. organization)
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Peace."

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Peace movement

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

global peace movement seeks to end war and minimize inter-human violence, usually through pacifism and non-violent resistance.
Global protests against war on Iraq in early 2003 are an example of a more specific, short term and loosely-affiliated single-issue "movement" with little ideological coherence. Nonetheless, some of those who are involved in several such short term movements and build up trust relationships with others within them, do tend to eventually join more global or long-term movements.
By contrast, the more committed elements of the global peace movement seeks to guarantee health security by ending war and implementing basic human rights including universal access to at least minimal survival levels of air, water, food, medical care and social justice. It is primarily characterized by a belief that humans should not war on each other or engage in violent ethnic conflict over language, race or resources or ethical conflict over religion or ideology. It opposes the proliferation of dangerous technologies and weapons of mass destruction, in particular nuclear weapons and biological warfare.
It is one of several movements that supported the formation of Green Party political associations in many democratic countries near the end of the 20th century. Peace movement has a very strong incidence in some countries' green parties, such as in Germany, reflecting extremely negative experiences with militarism in the 20th century.
The term peace movement is itself a rhetorical construction, in part because of the loose nature of the collaborations involved, but also because no modern theory of ethics holds that war is in any way desirable, but is rather a "necessary evil" that prevents worse abuses, e.g. ongoing organized crime, endless torture or genocide of an entire people. What is usually called the peace movement are those who oppose such doctrines as peace through strength (see below).
R. J. Rummel presents what he considers to be definitive evidence that in recent centuries
government-sponsored murder has killed more people than warfare
increasing liberty decreases conflict
If this is the case, then actions to increase liberty and democracy would be justified in the name of peace.

Current events
Some believe that as of the Iraq crisis, peace movements could be seen as part of a global effort to cohere "public opinion as a superpower" to compete with U.S. unilateralism.
Peace movements are also generally thought to have benefitted from the rise of Internet communication and coordination, the so-called smart mob technology.
It has also been suggested that such efforts as Indymedia and the Wikipedia play a role in coordinating this public opinion, e.g. compiling lists of alleged effects of invading Iraq, providing neutral views of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, of Islamist activity, varying views of ethics and of politics, and providing a quick check on biased views of history.

See also:

anti-war
Mohandas Gandhi
Nobel Peace Prize
World peace
Militarism

External links

Peace Action -- A U.S. peace and justice organization
Nonviolence.org and its Peace Movement Homepage
Freedom, Democracy, Peace; Power, Democide, and War by R. J. Rummel
SIPRI.se - Swedish Peace Institute
Transcend.ORG - Johan Galtung
Science For Peace - Anatol Rapoport

too American?
Peace movement in the United States of America
The peace movement in the 1960s in the United States sought to bring an end to the Vietnam War. Some factions within this movement advocated a unilateral withdrawal of US forces from Vietnam. One reason given for the withdrawal is that it would contribute to a lessening of tensions in the region and thus less human bloodshed. Another, contrasting reason was that the Vietnamese should work out their problems themselves, i.e., without interference from foreign powers.
Some critics of US withdrawal predicted that it would not contribute to peace but rather vastly increased bloodshed. These critics advocated US forces remain and get victory over the Communists, whom they saw as the aggressors in the conflict.
Advocates of US withdrawal were generally known as "doves", and they called their opponents "hawks". The imagery was intended to present the withdrawal advocates as peace-seeking (good) and the withdrawal opponents as bad.
Others believe, in the words of George Washington's 1790 State of the Union Address, that
"To be prepared for war is one of the most effectual means of preserving peace."

too detailed? refactor
global peace movement seeks to end war and minimize inter-human violence, usually through pacifism and non-violent resistance - or more pragmatically through diplomacy and such means as boycott and moral purchasing. It tends to be a very loose reactive and event-driven collaboration between groups with every sort of motivation (nationalism, anti-racism, anti-sexism, ideology, theology, and plain fear) and who are involved on every time scale.
The most long-term-committed elements of the peace movement (SIPRI, Transcend, Science for Peace, etc.) seek to guarantee human health security by ending war and redirecting military expenditures (the so-called "peace dividence") to implementing basic human rights including universal access to at least minimal survival levels of air, water, food, medical care and social justice.
Ideologically, these long term opponents of war preparations are primarily characterized by a belief that might is a poor route to right, that humans should not war on each other or engage in violent ethnic conflict over language, race or resources or ethical conflict over religion or ideology.
They opposes the proliferation of dangerous technologies and weapons of mass destruction, in particular nuclear weapons and biological warfare. Some, like SIPRI, have voice special concern that artificial intelligence, molecular engineering, genetics and proteomics have even more vast destructive potential. Thus there is intersection between peace movement elements and Neo-Luddites or primitivism, but also with the more mainstream technology critics such as the Green parties, Greenpeace and the ecology movement they are part of.
Such Green parties and related political associations were formed in many democratic countries near the end of the 20th century. The peace movement has a very strong influence in some countries' green parties, such as in Germany. These can sometimes exercise decisive influence over policy, e.g. as during 2002 when the German Greens influenced German Chancellor Gerhard Schröder, via their control of the German Foreign Ministry under Joschka Fischer (a Green and the single most popular politician in German at the time) to limit his involvement in the War on Terrorism and eventually to united with French President Jacques Chirac whose veto at the UN Security Council was decisive in limiting support for the U.S. plan to invade Iraq.

Detailed history by region
These histories will begin with the countries that suffered during World War II, and which effectively began the postwar period in a submitted position, and wrote peace into their constitutions. They will then deal with the English-speaking world and the arguments more familiar to the English speaking reader, which intersect with current events most strongly, and are the current focus of the peace movement worldwide.
Peace movements in non-democracies are difficult to separate from propaganda efforts of specific regimes. Thus they are not covered in this article.

Japan

Germany

Russia

Israel

Canada

United Kingdom
Post-WWII peace movement efforts in the United Kingdom were initially focused on the dissolution of the British Empire and the rejection of imperialism by the United States and Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The anti-nuclear movement sought to "opt out" of the Cold War (see below under USA) and rejected such ideas as "Britain's Little Independent Nuclear Deterrent" in part on the grounds that it (BLIND) was in contradiction even with MAD (see below). It was usually associated with the UK Labour Party and in later years, with the British Greens as Labour moved "more to the centre" under Prime Minister Anthony Blair.
By early 2003, the peace movement in the UK was powerful enough to cause several of Blair's cabinet to resign, and hundreds of Labour Party MPs to vote against their government. Blair's motion to support militarily the U.S. plan to invade Iraq carried only due to support from the UK Conservative Party. Global protests against war on Iraq had been particularly vocal in Britain. Polls suggested that without UN Security Council approval, the UK public was very much opposed to involvement.

The United States of America
Although there was substantial organized resistance to foreign wars in the USA since its beginnings, this was often simply an outgrowth of isolationism or religious pacifism, and not in general a coherent movement with single goals until after World War II, when these movements were dismissed by most in U.S. foreign policy circles as "impractical" and militarism ascended.
Resistance was muted during the 1950s when the United States saw itself in direct conflict with the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the "Cold War", which involved an immense arms race especially in nuclear weapons. This muting was in part due to McCarthyism and the outright targeting and censoring of opponents to preparation and arming for war. The Mutual Assured Destruction thesis from game theory was the basis of a policy that cost literally billions of dollars and became the sole focus of U.S. foreign policy: anti-communism.
One may reasonably date the open explicit and public resistance to this process to the departing comments of U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower who warned that the United States was in some danger of being politically dominated by a military-industrial complex.
Opposition to the Vietnam War in the early 1960s tended to unite groups opposed to U.S. anti-communism, perceived imperialism and colonialism and (for those involved in left-wing politics) capitalism itself. In the 1960s and early 1970s the peace movement in the United States simply sought to bring an end to the war. Some factions within this movement advocated a unilateral withdrawal of US forces from Vietnam. One reason given for the withdrawal is that it would contribute to a lessening of tensions in the region and thus less human bloodshed. Another, contrasting reason was that the Vietnamese should work out their problems themselves, i.e., without interference from foreign powers.
Some critics of US withdrawal predicted that it would not contribute to peace but rather vastly increased bloodshed. These critics advocated US forces remain and get victory over the Communists, whom they saw as the aggressors in the conflict.
Advocates of US withdrawal were generally known as "doves", and they called their opponents "hawks". The imagery was intended to present the withdrawal advocates as peace-seeking (good) and the withdrawal opponents as bad and predatory. The idea of a chicken hawk also emerged at this time, to describe those who had avoided dangerous military service before they entered politics, but then advocated aggressive stances once in office.

Other views of peace
As noted above, there are views of peace that require being ready for war. (Perhaps globally in the minority, these perspectives are substantial if one considers the numbers of governments that buy arms and the number of people that vote for them.)

Peace through strength
Proponents of the design, acquisition and deployment of arms tend to believe, in the words of George Washington's 1790 State of the Union Address, that :"To be prepared for war is one of the most effectual means of preserving peace."
At times it has seemed that Washington's "one of the most" has been interpreted to mean "the only". This may be in part due to the influence of the various interest groups that actually benefit from conflict. For example, arms manufacturers, and "oilcos" (oil companies) require strong defenses to control oil producing regions and sell immense amounts of fuel for naval and aviation use.
However, there is a substantial argument for military preparedness or "peace through strength". Jane Jacobs observed that shows of strength are often thought to be required to maintain control. Niccolo Machiavelli thought that even acts of explicit cruelty might be required though leaders should take no joy in them. Then there is the argument that state power and the monopoly on violence are simply essential.
This view is however common only in the United Kingdom and United States, and more so in the latter, which has no experience of invasion by a foreign power.

Human security
In the human security perspective, nations prepare militarily only for the sake of interventions to make or keep peace, supervise elections or nation-building, disarm dictators, prevent genocide, or end ongoing terrorism.
Lester Pearson, founder of the UN Peacekeeping force, first advanced the human security agenda in Canada. Pearson was also an early and decisive advocate of the formation of the State of Israel in the early days of the UN.
Recently, R. J. Rummel presented what he considers to be definitive evidence that, in recent centuries:
government-sponsored murder has killed more people than warfare
increasing liberty decreases conflict
If this is the case, then actions to increase liberty and democracy would be justified in the name of peace. This tends to be the view of most Republican and Democratic Party power figures in the U.S. In other words, this intent makes an action more like to be a just war.
This view was widely influential and even decisive prior to the Iraq crisis . The peace movement had only muted criticisms of the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia or the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan. But it began to unravel when the G. W. Bush administration sought to expand its War on Terrorism to Iraq. Notably, Jean Chrétien, prime minister of Canada at the time and of the same Liberal Party of Canada as Pearson and Pierre Trudeau, sent more troops to Afghanistan and more ships to the Persian Gulf for the enforcement of UN sanctions on Iraq even as he rejected any Canadian involvement in the U.S. plan to invade Iraq. The distinction between disarmament, regime change and assassination seemed to have become blurred, from the perspective of human security agenda advocates.
It remains to be seen if it is in fact possible to keep such goals separate, while retaining the support of nation-states and multilateral bodies. Under threats such as new weapons of mass destruction, and nuclear proliferation, policymakers may feel forced to take action more rapidly than diplomacy and peacemaking can offer.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Peace movement."

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Abbreviations & Acronyms: Peace

The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted.
Entry	Source	Expression	Field
PEACE	English	Effects of short-term changes in urban air pollution on the respiratory health of children with chronic respiratory symptoms	Environment, Medicine
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Synonyms: Peace

Synonyms: ataraxis (n), heartsease (n), pacification (n), peace of mind (n), peace treaty (n), peacefulness (n), public security (n), repose (n), serenity (n). (additional references)

Antonym: war (n). (additional references)

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Synonyms within Context: Peace

Context	Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).
Concord	Noun: concord, accord, harmony, symphony; homologue; agreement; sympathy, empathy; (love); response; union, unison, unity; bonds of harmony; peace; unanimity; (assent); league; happy family.
Friendship	Noun: friendship, amity; friendliness; Adjective: brotherhood, fraternity, sodality, confraternity; harmony; (concord); peace.
Quiescence	Quiet, tranquility, calm; repose; peace; dead calm, anticyclone; statue-like repose; silence; not a breath of air, not a mouse stirring; sleep; (inactivity).
Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: Peace

English words defined with "peace": At peace ♦ Breach of peace, breach of the peace ♦ Commission of the peace ♦ disturbance of the peace ♦ justice of the peace ♦ peace initiative, peace march, Peace of God, Peace of Westphalia, peace offering, Peace officer, peace pipe, pipe of peace ♦ Sessions of the peace ♦ To make one's peace with, To smoke the pipe of peace, To swear the peace against one. (references)

Specialty definitions using "peace": Abnormal, Abolla, Agency for International Development, Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954, Altar, Amiens, Angurvadel, Appiades, Argantes, ARGUMENT, Asmodeus, Assiento Treaties, Axis of evil ♦ Biscuits, Blind Magistrate, Buccaneer', Bury the Hatchet ♦ CARNEGIE, civil-military cooperation, Clearness, Copperheads, Corinthian War, Corpse, Cost of Illness ♦ DEPUTY, COURT, Disastrous Peace, Duck Lane, Dumachus, Dying Sayings ♦ Female, Flag, Flowers and Trees, Frost ♦ Garden ♦ HATCHET, host nation support ♦ INFANT, INFANTRY, Institute for Global Communications, I'ris, Ironing ♦ Ja nus, Jehovah-shalom ♦ Kaleda, Key, King Log, Kissing under the Mistletoe, Knights of the Chamber ♦ Lady Magistrate, Lawsuits, Lucus a non Lucendo ♦ MACROBIAN, Misnomers, Moussali ♦ Naioth, Novel ♦ Othman, Osman ♦ P.L. 480, P.L.U.R., Peace of Antalcidas, PeaceNet, Pearls, Perseverance, Pigeon, Pipe, Poulter method, Priest ... Knight, Primrose, psychological consolidation activities, psychological operations ♦ Quadruple Alliance of 1674 ♦ RUM BECK ♦ Sancho Panza, Sandschaki, Sansjoy, Scotists, Screen Peace, Sewing, Shalem, Silver, Sleep, Sleuth-Hound, social and behavioral science, social and behavioural science, SPX, story, submarine notice, SUBWAY, Surest Way to Peace is a constant Preparation for War., Swallow, Symbolism of Colours ♦ the Federation, These, Those ♦ Urgency Measure ♦ Violin ♦ War, White-coat ♦ Zodiac. (references)

Etymologies containing "peace": Unpeace. (references)

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Modern Usage: Peace

Domain	Usage
Screenplays	Real peace is not just the absence of conflict, but the presence of justice (Air Force One; writing credit: Andrew W. Marlowe) I came to make peace with you, even though you are the father of lies (Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles; writing credit: Anne Rice) It depends whether your mission is peace or revenge (Tomorrow Never Dies; writing credit: Bruce Feirstein) That was before Presdient Kennedy was shot, before the Beatles came, when I couldn't wait to join the Peace Corps, and I thought that I'd never find a guy as great as my dad. (Dirty Dancing; writing credit: Eleanor Bergstein.) Whatever you did, you've been officially labeled a disturber of the peace. (The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring; writing credit: Frances Walsh)
Lyrics	Cause out on the edge of darkness, there rides a peace train (Peace Train; performing artist: Cat Stevens) Give me peace on earth (Give Me Love (Give Me Peace On Earth); performing artist: George Harrison) I WILL ROAM, TO FIND PEACE OF MIND (Never Ever; performing artist: All Saints) Cause everything peace only sand no streets (If I Could Go; performing artist: Angie Martinez) It's the voice of hope, it's the voice of peace, (From a Distance; performing artist: Bette Midler)
Clever	Peace force (references; author: unknown) War Dims Hope for Peace (references; author: unknown) Peace starts with a smile. (references; author: unknown) Honk if you love peace and quiet. (references; author: unknown) 1968: Peace sign. 1998: Mercedes logo. (references; author: unknown)
Movie/TV Titles	Ruth and Harriet: Two Women of the Peace (1973) War and Peace (1973) Peace Child (1972) A Separate Peace (1972) The Peace Killers (1971)
Song Titles	Give Me Love (Give Me Peace on Earth) (performing artist: George Harrison) PEACE OF MIND (performing artist: Magnificent Men ) Peace Will Come (performing artist: Melanie)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: Peace

Domain	Title
Books	The Heart of the Buddha's Teaching: Transforming Suffering into Peace, Joy, & Liberation: The Four Noble Truths, the Noble Eightfold Path, and Other (reference) Lawmen & Desperadoes: A Compendium of Noted, Early California Peace Officers, Badmen and Outlaws 1850-1900 (Western Frontiersmen, No 24) (reference) A resolution concerning Burma and the United Nations General Assembly and a concurrent resolution concerning writer, political philosopher, human rights advocate, and Nobel Peace Prize nominee Wei Jingsheng : markup before the Subcommittee on Asia and the (reference) Peacemaking: How to Be It, How to Do It: Transforming Anger Through Awareness With a Zen Master and Nobel Peace Prize Nominee [UNABRIDGED] (reference) The most dangerous decade : world militarism and the new non-aligned peace movement (reference) (more book examples)

Periodicals	Building Peace (reference) Catholic Peace Voice (reference) Copred Peace Chronicle (reference) International Journal Of Peace Studies (reference) New Peace Times (reference) (more periodical examples)

Theater & Movies	War and Peace (reference) A Separate Peace (reference) (more DVD examples; more video examples)

Music	Peace & Power: Best of Joanne Shenandoah (reference) Pond of Peace (reference) (more classical music examples; more popular music examples)

High Tech	Dropship: United Peace Force (reference) (more camera examples; more video game examples; more computer examples; more electronic examples; more software examples)

Consumer Goods	Peace of Mind - Two Receiver Monitor (reference) (more baby examples; more wireless phone examples; more garden examples; more kitchen examples; more tool examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Image Slideshow: Peace

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Photo Album: Peace

Thumbnail	Description & Credit	Thumbnail	Description & Credit
	Peace Shield 2000 - C-17 streaks over the Atlantic.		Portrait photograph, taken circa 1945. The original print bears the inscription: " For Fleet Admiral Nimitz with deep affection and appreciation of his inspiring example during both war and peace ... Forrest Sherman". Credit: NAVY.
	Members of the 22nd Special Naval Construction Battalion cheering news of Japan's acceptance of peace terms. Note sign: "War is over! Good-Bye Pacific. Hello USA". Credit: NAVY.		Engineering drawing for a tower ("Boston Peace Jubilee Naval Tower; The Tower Of A Thousand Columns"), Boston, Massachusetts. Elevation and plan. Credit: Library of Congress.
	The true peace commissioners. Credit: Library of Congress.		Liberty. "Liberty brings to the earth justice and peace". Credit: Library of Congress.
	Nineteenth-century shops on Peace Street, Vologda, Russia. Credit: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540.		Office building, Peace Prospekt (early 20th century), Krasnoiarsk, Russia. Credit: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540.
	Sister, I wish you the grace and peace of the Lord. Credit: Library of Congress.		Peace at last for a lover of peace. Credit: Library of Congress.
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Digital Photo Gallery: Peace


"Peace" by Michele Migliarini Commentary: "Corteo per la pace a milano 22/03/2003."	"Peace on Earth" by Caron Wiedrick Commentary: "A peaceful place for tranquility."
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers.

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Familiar Quotations: Peace

Author	Quotation
Aristotle	We make war that we can live in peace.
Dante (Alighieri)	In His will is our peace.
Dante Alighieri	And in His will is our peace.
Johann Friedrich Von Schiller	Peace is rarely denied to the peaceful.
Joseph Addison	See in what peace a Christian can die.
Karl Von Clausewitz	A conquerer is always a lover of peace.
Marcus T. Cicero	Peace is liberty in tranquillity.
Millard Fillmore	Peace at Any Price; Peace and Union.
Pierre Corneille	Peace is produced by war.
Virgil	A god has brought us this peace.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Historic Usage: Peace

Author	Date	Quotation
Magna Carta	1215	We will immediately restore all hostages and charters delivered to us by Englishmen, as sureties of the peace of faithful service. (reference)
John Locke	1690	And all this to be directed to no other end, but the peace, safety, and public good of the people. (Second Treatise of Government)
US Declaration of Independence	1776	He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures. (reference)
US Constitution	1791	They shall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach of the Peace, beprivileged from Arrest during their Attendance at the Session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any Speech or Debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other Place. (reference)
US Bill of Rights	1795	Amendment III. No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. (reference)
Marbury v. Madison	1803	If the solicitude of the convention, respecting our peace with foreign powers, induced a provision that the supreme court should take original jurisdiction in cases which might be supposed to affect them; yet the clause would have proceeded no further than to provide for such cases, if no further restriction on the powers of congress had been intended. (reference)
Treaty of Versailles	1919	The Council may deal at its meetings with any matter within the sphere of action of the League or affecting the peace of the world. (reference)
Winston S. Churchill	1946	I spoke earlier of the Temple of Peace. ("Iron Curtain" Speech)
United Nations	1948	It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace. (reference)
John F. Kennedy	1961	Finally, to those nations who would make themselves our adversary, we offer not a pledge but a request: that both sides begin anew the quest for peace, before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction. (reference)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Use in Literature: Peace

Title	Author	Quote
Emma	Austen, Jane	Harriet listened, and Emma drew in peace.
Solitude	Carroll, Lewis	Here from the world I win release, Nor scorn of men, nor footstep rude, Break in to mar the holy peace Of this great solitude
A Christmas Carol	Dickens, Charles	No rest, no peace.
Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency	Douglas Adams	So after a hectic week of believing that war was peace, that good was bad, that the moon was made of blue cheese, and that God needed a lot of money sent to a certain box number, the Monk started to believe that thirty-five percent of all tables were hermaphrodites, and then broke down
Les Miserables	Hugo, Victor	Social philosophy is essentially science and peace.
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man	Joyce, James	May Thy holy angels dwell herein to preserve us in peace and may Thy blessing be always upon us through Christ, Our Lord
King Richard III	Shakespeare, William	There wanteth now our brother Gloucester here To make the blessed period of this peace.
Grapes of Wrath	Steinbeck, John	Ma stirred restively, but she held her peace.
Gulliver's Travels	Swift, Jonathan	I told them I was born in England, from whence I came about five years ago, and then their country and ours were at peace.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Peace

Subject	Topic	Quote
Health		Others choose not to take the test. They are able to make peace with the uncertainty of being at risk, preferring to forego the emotional consequences of a positive result, as well as possible losses of insurance and employment. (references)
		In Thailand, Aeromonas and Pleisiomonas have been isolated from stools of Peace Corps volunteers who had TD. A better appreciation of the importance of each of these bacteria as causative agents of TD requires a more intensive search for them, using appropriate selective isolation media or rapid diagnostic techniques. (references)
		All it takes to get infected is to be bitten by one infected sand fly. This is more likely to happen the more people are bitten, that is, the more time they spend outside in rural areas from dusk to dawn. Adventure travelers, Peace Corps volunteers, missionaries, ornithologists (people who study birds), other people who do research outdoors at night, and soldiers are examples of people who may have an increased risk for leishmaniasis (especially cutaneous leishmaniasis). (references)
Business		Commitment to the preservation of peace and security in Europe. (references)
		As allies in NATO, the United States and Germany work side by side to maintain peace and freedom. (references)
		The focus of the Norwegian defense apparatus is moving rapidly toward international peace keeping activities. (references)
Civil Liberties	Guatemala	He also recommended that the Government implement clear regulations to prevent conflicts of interest between government officials and the media and suspend the auctions on radio frequencies until the Peace Accord regarding the rights of indigenous people is implemented. (references)
	Angola	Church-based organizations called for peace and dialog, particularly the ecumenical Inter-Church Committee for Peace in Angola (COIEPA) and the Catholic Pro Pace movement. (references)
	Hong Kong	Statements by Chief Executive C.H. Tung in May and June that the group was "no doubt an evil cult" and that the Government would not let the Falun Gong "abuse Hong Kong's freedoms and tolerance to affect public peace and order" in Hong Kong or in the mainland prompted concern about the possibility of the Government taking action against the group, such as by enacting "anti-cult" legislation. (references)
Discrimination	Burundi	The question of exclusion was a central question during the peace talks. (references)
Economic History	Dominica	Technical assistance also is provided by the Peace Corps, which has about 20 volunteers in Dominica, working primarily in education, youth development, and health. (references)
	Ecuador	After World War II, a recovery in the market for agricultural commodities and the growth of the banana industry helped restore prosperity and political peace. (references)
Human Rights	Ethiopia	Human rights organizations include EHRCO, the HRL, the Ethiopian Women's Lawyers Association (EWLA), the Inter-Africa Group, the National Committee on Traditional Practices, the Peace and Development Committee, the Society for the Advancement of Human Rights Education, Enwayay, the Center for Local Capacity Building and Studies, African Initiatives for a Democratic World Order, and Hundee. (references)
	Ethiopia	SEPDC officials also reported that rapid deployment forces of the federal and regional police killed two supporters during a January meeting organized by the Council of Alternative Forces for Peace and Democracy in Ethiopia (CAFPDE) in Siraro Woreda, Eastern Shoa zone, Oromia regional state. (references)
	Colombia	Paramilitary groups continued to kill political leaders and peace activists, including Ismael Valencia, the former mayor of Calima Darien, Valle del Cauca department; and nun and human rights activist Yolanda Ceron in Tumaco, Narino department. (references)
Indigenous People	Guatemala	This initiative is pending implementation under the recalendarization of the Peace Accords. (references)
	Guatemala	In 2000 when the Government designed a new 2000-2004 timetable for the implementation of the Peace Accords, it remained clear that the majority of the provisions regarding indigenous rights were incomplete. (references)
	Guatemala	In 1997, as called for by the Peace Accords, a Commission for the Definition of Sacred Places was created to discuss the mechanism for the administration, use, and preservation of places sacred to indigenous people. (references)
Minorities	Mauritius	The Mauritius Peace Initiative (MPI) and the MACOSS working group held meetings in 1999 and 2000. MACOSS holds meetings on the last Thursday of every month. (references)
	Azerbaijan	Hostility also exists toward foreign (mostly Iranian and "Wahabbist") Muslim missionary activity, which partly is viewed as seeking to spread political Islam and thus a threat to stability and peace. (references)
	Central African Republic	The Catholic Commission for Justice and Peace often conducts developmental and educational programs and seminars throughout the country. (references)
Political Economy	Colombia	Continued political instability mainly stemming from lack of progress in the Government's peace process with Colombian guerrillas, the high number of politically motivated civilian kidnappings, and other guerrilla and paramilitary terrorism, as well as a high urban crime rate and a negative general security situation, all continue to damage the climate for business in Colombia. (references)
	Burma	Burma is governed by a highly repressive, authoritarian military regime, the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC), widely condemned by the international community for its serious human rights abuses. (references)
	Ecuador	As one of the four guarantor nations of the Rio Protocol of 1942 between Ecuador and Peru, the United States played an important role in bringing that long border conflict to a successful conclusion with the signing of the October 1998 peace agreement. (references)
Political Rights	Bosnia and Herzegovina	The Dayton Peace Accords had given the OSCE primary responsibility for the organization and supervision of the country's post-war elections on a temporary basis. (references)
	Somalia	In the Republic of Somaliland, a clan conference led to a peace accord in 1997. This accord demobilized militia groups, established a constitution and bicameral parliament with proportional clan representation, and elected a president and vice president from a slate of candidates. (references)
	Guatemala	He took office in January 2000. The Government's efforts to implement the Peace Accords during the year were mixed. (references)
Trade	Haiti	CBTPA, passed by Congress as part of the Trade and Development Act of 2000, is designed to provide greater duty-free access to U.S. markets for Caribbean and Central American nations, as a means of illustrating the importance of trade in fostering peace abroad and prosperity in the United States. (references)
	Korea	Although not a member of COCOM, Korea observed COCOM licensing procedures since 1993. In 1995, the Korean government became a member of the post-COCOM regime, known as the "Wassenaar Arrangement." Korea is also a signatory to the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). Under the Foreign Trade Act, if an export control is deemed necessary for the maintenance of international peace and security, national security, or other national interests, an exporter or importer is required to obtain a certificate or permit from the head of the related administrative agency or MOCIE. (references)
	West Bank	Improving private-sector opportunities to achieve increased employment and incomes will help build support for the peace process and provide a stable foundation for long-term prosperity. (references)
Travel	Ecuador	A peace treaty ending the Ecuador/Peru border conflict was signed on October 26, 1998. The border between the two countries is open, but crossing or approaching the Ecuador-Peru border anywhere except at official checkpoints is dangerous. (references)
Women	Russia	Several NGO's provide training on combating trafficking to police, procurators, justices of the peace, and others in government. (references)
	Sierra Leone	They were instrumental in pressuring the previous government to allow free and fair multiparty elections in 1996 and were vocal representatives of civil society during the peace talks in Lome in 1999. A significant number of women are employed as civil servants. (references)
Worker Rights	Austria	A major reason for the record of labor peace is the unofficial system of "social partnership" among labor, management, and government. (references)
	Nepal	The law empowers the Government to halt a strike or to suspend a union's activities if the union disturbs the peace or if it adversely affects the nation's economic interests. (references)
	Benin	Strikes are permitted; however, the authorities can declare strikes illegal for stated causes, for example, threatening to disrupt social peace and order, and require strikers to maintain minimum services. (references)
Lexicography	Devil's Dictionary	FEMALE, n. One of the opposing, or unfair, sex. The Maker, at Creation's birth, With living things had stocked the earth. From elephants to bats and snails, They all were good, for all were males. But when the Devil came and saw He said: "By Thine eternal law Of growth, maturity, decay, These all must quickly pass away And leave untenanted the earth Unless Thou dost establish birth" -- Then tucked his head beneath his wing To laugh -- he had no sleeve -- the thing With deviltry did so accord, That he'd suggested to the Lord. The Master pondered this advice, Then shook and threw the fateful dice Wherewith all matters here below Are ordered, and observed the throw; Then bent His head in awful state, Confirming the decree of Fate. From every part of earth anew The conscious dust consenting flew, While rivers from their courses rolled To make it plastic for the mould. Enough collected (but no more, For niggard Nature hoards her store) He kneaded it to flexible clay, While Nick unseen threw some away. And then the various forms He cast, Gross organs first and finer last; No one at once evolved, but all By even touches grew and small Degrees advanced, till, shade by shade, To match all living things He'd made Females, complete in all their parts Except (His clay gave out) the hearts. "No matter," Satan cried; "with speed I'll fetch the very hearts they need" -- So flew away and soon brought back The number needed, in a sack. That night earth range with sounds of strife -- Ten million males each had a wife; That night sweet Peace her pinions spread O'er Hell -- ten million devils dead! G.J.
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Spoken Usage: Peace

Speaker	Phrase(s)
Colin Powell	Never, never will. But I'm also pro-human kind, and I'm also pro-Palestinian to the extent that they are human beings, to the extent that they have a desire to see their children grow up in peace.
Dennis Miller	Hey Saudi Crown Prince Abdullah, stop talking peace but refusing to meet with the Israelis.
Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres	We hope that their proposal for a peace project is a departure from their previous policies, not an extension of them. Clearly you cannot support war and peace at the same time.
John McCain	Of course, I'm very happy, as all Americans are pleased that President Carter has been honored in this way. He's worked for peace his entire adult life, and we're glad he received it.
Mattie Stepanek	Spread my peace throughout the world. And I want to expand more and keep writing and keep speaking. And when I am gone, I want to be remembered as a poet, a peacemaker, and a philosopher who plays.
Queen Rania of Jordan	Jordan has always been a country that's very committed to peace. It's been a voice of moderation in this region, and will continue to be that. We really hope that we can do whatever we can to bring some more stability to this region.
Robert Novak	Crown Prince Abdullah, at his meeting with the president, presented a fairly detailed eight-point plan for peace between the Palestinians and Israel.
Rush Limbaugh	The only way to win peace is to defeat your enemies.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Speeches: Peace

Speaker	Term	Phrase(s)
George Washington	1789-1797	Cultivate peace and harmony with all.
Thomas Jefferson	1801-1809	Nor, if our peace continues, will they be wanting for any other existing purpose.
Herbert C. Hoover	1929-1933	Their desire for peace is as deep and sincere as our own.
Harry S. Truman	1945-1953	Greater production is the key to prosperity and peace.
Dwight Eisenhower	1953-1961	Only as we show willingness and wisdom in giving counsel--in receiving counsel--and in sharing burdens, will we wisely perform the work of peace.
Richard Nixon	1969-1974	Honest and patriotic Americans have reached different conclusions as to how peace should be achieved.
Ronald Reagan	1981-1989	Americans are people of peace.
George Bush	1989-1993	So that peace can prevail, we will prevail.
Bill Clinton	1993-2001	When Europe is stable, prosperous and at peace, America is more secure.
George W. Bush	2001-2005	A future lived at the mercy of terrible threats is no peace at all.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Usage Frequency: Peace

"Peace" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.54% of the time. "Peace" is used about 8,871 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Noun (singular)	99.54%	8,830	1,082
Noun (proper)	0.46%	41	53,521
Total	100.00%	8,871	N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Name Usage Frequency: Peace

The following table summarizes the usage of "peace" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified.

Name	Usage/Gender	Usage per 100 million Persons	Rank in USA
Peace	Last name	3,000	3,821
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Derived & Related Names: Peace

"Peace" is a name that signifies or is derived from: "the peace".

The following table summarizes names derived from the word "peace".
Name	Gender	Language	Meaning
Abishalom	N/A	Biblical	Father of peace
Absalom	N/A	Biblical	Father of peace
Bishlam	N/A	Biblical	In peace
Hushah	N/A	Biblical	Holding peace
Jehovah-shalom	N/A	Biblical	The Lord send peace
Jerusalem	N/A	Biblical	Vision of peace
Meshelemiah	N/A	Biblical	Peace
Salem	N/A	Biblical	Complete or perfect peace
Salma	N/A	Biblical	Peace
Shalmaneser	N/A	Biblical	Peace
Shelemiah	N/A	Biblical	My peace
Shelomi	N/A	Biblical	My peace
Shillem	N/A	Biblical	Peace
Shiloh (name Of A City)	N/A	Biblical	Peace
Peace	Female	English	The peace
Absolon	N/A	French	Father of peace
Axel	N/A	Scandinavian	Father of peace
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Expressions: Peace

Expressions using "peace": a nice peace of crumpet ♦ an atmosphere of peace ♦ at peace ♦ be at peace ♦ be at peace with a country ♦ bird of peace ♦ breach of peace ♦ breach of the peace ♦ break of the peace ♦ break the peace ♦ call for peace ♦ calumet of peace ♦ commission of the peace ♦ conclusion of peace ♦ disturb the peace ♦ disturbance of the peace ♦ disturber of the peace ♦ disturbing the peace of the dead ♦ domestic peace ♦ dove of peace ♦ effort to achieve peace ♦ enduring peace ♦ find peace ♦ for the sake of peace ♦ give smb. no peace ♦ his peace of mind ♦ hold ones peace ♦ hold one's peace ♦ in time of peace ♦ Inner peace facilitation ♦ justice of peace ♦ justice of the peace ♦ keep the peace ♦ kiss of peace ♦ lasting peace ♦ leave in peace ♦ live in peace ♦ make ones peace ♦ make one's peace ♦ make one's peace with ♦ make peace ♦ make peace with ♦ may he rest in peace ♦ nobel peace prize ♦ nobel peace prizewinner ♦ not a moment's peace ♦ obstacle to peace ♦ peace advocacy ♦ peace agreement ♦ peace and quiet ♦ peace at any price ♦ peace be upon you! ♦ peace be with you! ♦ peace call ♦ peace campaign ♦ peace campaigner ♦ peace conference ♦ peace congress ♦ peace cooperation ♦ peace corps ♦ Peace Dale ♦ peace dividend ♦ peace establishment ♦ peace feeler ♦ peace footing ♦ peace Garden State ♦ peace initiative ♦ peace keeper ♦ peace keeping ♦ peace keeping forces ♦ peace lily ♦ peace lobby ♦ peace loving ♦ peace loving person ♦ peace maker ♦ peace making ♦ peace march ♦ peace marcher ♦ peace mediator ♦ peace movement ♦ peace negotiations ♦ peace obligation ♦ peace of God ♦ peace of mind ♦ peace of Westphalia ♦ peace offensive ♦ peace offer ♦ peace offering ♦ peace offerings ♦ peace officer ♦ peace pipe ♦ peace plan ♦ peace prize ♦ peace rallying ♦ peace research ♦ peace researcher ♦ peace studies ♦ peace supporter ♦ peace talks ♦ peace terms ♦ peace time. Additional references.
Hyphenated Usage
	Beginning with "peace": peace-at-any-price, peace-breaker, peace-breaking, peace-bringing, peace-broker, peace-brokers, peace-enforcing, peace-feelers, peace-in-our-time, Peace-keeper, peace-keepers, peace-keeping, peace-line, peace-lover, peace-loving, peace-loving nations, peace-maker, peace-makers, peace-making, peace-makings, peace-minded, peace-mission, peace-monitoring, peace-offering, peace-offerings, peace-outbreak, peace-policy, Peace-scotland, peace-seekers, peace-seeking, peace-studies, peace-tax, peace-time, peace-treaties, peace-treaty, peace-warrant.
	Ending with "peace": land-for-peace.
	Containing "peace": emperor-of-peace-and-nations-of-austria.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Peace

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.

Expression	Frequency per Day	Expression	Frequency per Day
peace	2,151	peace center	125
book chicago house peace store	2,148	bridge to peace	123
peace corps	1,983	peace of mind	123
our lady peace	1,725	peace dollar	120
green peace	1,401	god norse peace	118
inner peace	1,238	world peace	106
peace lily	667	peace river	104
peace sign	487	peace lilly	98
peace dove	441	peace core	98
our lady peace lyrics	345	peace rose	91
justice of the peace	343	peace pipe	84
a separate peace	337	prince of peace	84
map peace road	242	air peace	79
war and peace	242	love and peace	79
nobel peace prize	239	peace college	73
peace symbol	220	peace poem	72
garden peace state	182	peace dove picture	68
disturbing the peace	153	peace on earth	68
disturbing peace tha	144	nobel peace prize winner	66
peace frog	140	garden international peace	64
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translation: Peace

Language		Translations for "peace"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Afrikaans		vrede. (various references)

Albanian		paqe (amity, pax, placidity, serenity), rend publik, qetësi (calm, calmness, composure, coolness, countenance, dispassion, ease, equanimity, imperturbability, keep quiet, languor, mum, order, placidity, quiescence, quiescency, quiet, quietness, quietude, serenity, shut up, silence, still, stillness, tranquility, tranquillity, unconcern). (various references)

Arabic		سكون (quiet), ‏مسالم (defenceless, inoffensive, pacific, pacified, pacifist, peaceable, peaceful, placid, quiet, unassailable, undefended), ‏وقع إتفاقية سلام, ‏وئام (amity, concord), ‏حفظ السلام (peace keeping), ‏حقق السلام, ‏سلم سلام, ‏سلام (concord, pax, salaam, salutation), ‏عاش في سلام مع, ‏أمن (assure, be safe, believe, feel, indemnify, insure, safeness, safety, security, trustee, underwrite), ‏أقام السلام. (various references)

Bulgarian		спокойствие (calm, calmness, composure, countenance, ease, easiness, immovability, impassivity, imperturbability, placidity, poise, quiet, quietness, quietude, repose, rest, security, serenity, stillness, tranquility, tranquillity), обществен ред (order), мир (accord, concord, pax, quiet, quietude, rest, serenity, world), покой (calm, ease, quiescence, quiescency, quiet, quietude, repose, rest, slumber). (various references)

Catalan		pau (Pau). (various references)

Chinese		和平 . (various references)

Czech		mír (peacetime). (various references)

Danish		fred. (various references)

Dutch		vrede. (various references)

Esperanto		paco. (various references)

Faeroese		friður. (various references)

Farsi		سلامتی , صلح وصفا, صلح , ارامش (Calmness, Composure, Equilibrium, Lull, Quiet, Serenity, Silence, Solace), اشتی (Reconciliation). (various references)

Finnish		rauha (quiet). (various references)

French		paix. (various references)

Frisian		frede. (various references)

German		Frieden (peace treaty, quietude, tranquility), Friede (quietude). (various references)

Greek		ειρήνη. (various references)

Hebrew		מנוח (deceased, ease, late, quiet, rest, resting place, sanctuary), שלוה (calmness, ease, placidity, quietude, serenity, tranquillity), שלום (comfort, quiet, safety, tranquillity), נחת (calm, contentment, ease, gratification, mildness, quiet, repose, rest, satisfaction, tranquillity). (various references)

Hungarian		béke (peacetime, quiet, quietude). (various references)

Indonesian		perdamaian (conciliation, reconciliation). (various references)

Irish		síocháin. (various references)

Italian		pace (paces, pax, peacefulness, rest, tranquility, tranquillity). (various references)

Japanese Kanji		泰平 (tranquility), 安泰 (security, tranquility). (various references)

Japanese Katakana		わせん (Japanese-style ship, war and peace), てつ (be lost, beautiful, hide, in turn, iron, mistake), へいわ (harmony), へいあん (Heian era, tranquility), わ (circle, counter for birds, counter for bundles, counter for rabbits, harmony, hoop, link, loop, ring, sum, wheel), やすらぎ (tranquility), わへい (subject, topic), えんまん (completeness, harmony, integrity, perfection, satisfaction, smoothness), あんたい (security, tranquility), たいへい (great army, great number of soldiers, of great build or stature, tranquility), こうわ (conclude peace, discourse, lecture, reconciliation), いつ (be lost, beautiful, hide, how soon, in turn, mistake, when), ぶじ (coarse speech or writing, humble reference to one's own words, martial arts, military affairs, quietness, safety), しょうへい (employment, engagement, hiring, officers and men, sentry, tranquility, wounded soldier), きゅうい (stuff, tranquility, worn-out clothes), ピース (peas, piece), あんのん (quiet, tranquility). (various references)

Korean		평화. (various references)

Malay		damai. (various references)

Manx		sheeoil (composed, peaceable, peaceful, peace-loving), shee onnoroil (peace with honour), shee aigney (peace of mind), oural shee (peace offering), briwnyn beggey (justices of the peace). (various references)

Norwegian		fred. (various references)

Papiamen		pas. (various references)

Pig Latin		eacepay.(various references)

Polish		pokój (chamber, room). (various references)

Portuguese		paz (halcyon, repose, sleep). (various references)

Romanian		pace (calm, composure, ease, easiness, harmony, peacefulness, serenity, silence), tãcere (calm, dumbness, hush, mum, quiet, quietness, silence, still, stillness, tranquillity, voicelessness), senin (azure, broad, calm, clear, cloudless, fair, fine, happy, mild, serene, serenity, shiny, tranquil, unclouded, unruffled), rãgaz (dalliance, interregnum, interruption, leisure, pause, reprieve, respite, rest, time, truce), ordine (array, command, discipline, disposal, disposition, method, order, orderliness, range, regime, regulation, right, sequence, succession, system, tidiness, trim), odihnã (calm, comfort, ease, pause, refreshment, relaxation, reposal, repose, rest, restfulness, sleep), linişte sufleteascã (peace of mind), linişte (calm, calmness, composure, ease, easiness, hist, hush, lull, pax, placidity, q.t., quiet, quietness, quietude, repose, rest, serenity, silence, sobriety, soft, still, stillness, stop talking, temper, tranquillity), calm (calm, calmly, calmness, collected, collectedness, composed, composure, cool, coolness, dispassionate, easily, easy, equal, equanimity, even, even tempered, evenness, genial, halcyon, lull, passionless, peaceful, peacefully, phlegmatic, placid, placidity, poise, quiescent, quiet, reposeful, sedate, serene, serenity, silence, smooth, sober, sobriety, still, temper, tranquil, tranquillity, unhurried, unruffled, untroubled), bunã înţelegere (union), astâmpãr (quiet, rest), armonie (accord, agreement, chime, concert, concord, consonance, escutcheon, harmony, keeping, key, repose, tune, unison, unity). (various references)

Russian		спокойствие (calm, calmness, composure, equanimity, imperturbability, placidity, quietness, repose, serenity, stillness, tranquility, tranquillity), тишина (calm, calmness, quiet, quietness, quietude, silence, silentness, still), мир мирный, мир (negotiated peace, pax, quietude, universe, world), покой (ease, quiescence, quiescency, quiet, quietness, quietude, repose, rest, sabbath). (various references)

Scottish		sìth (a fairy, fairy : sìth-bhrugh, fairy mound, quietness, tranquility. Better sìdh). (various references)

Serbo-Croatian		mir (calm, peacefulness, quiet, still, stillness, tranquility, tranquillity). (various references)

Spanish		paz (pax, rest, tranquility, tranquillity). (various references)

Swedish		fred, frid (salaam, serenity, tranquillity). (various references)

Tagalog		katahimíkan. (various references)

Thai		เจ้าหน้าที่ท้องถิ่นที่มีอำนาจในการพิจารณาคดีเล็กๆ น้อยๆ (justice of the peace). (various references)

Turkish		susun (silence), sulh, sessizlik (hush, muteness, mutism, noiselessness, quiescence, quiet, quietness, quietude, repose, silence, speechlessness, stillness, taciturnity), sessiz olun, sükunet (hush, languor, lull, placidity, quiescence, quiet, quietness, quietude, repose, serenity, still, tranquility, tranquillity), rahat (at ease, at rest, cavalier, comfort, comfortable, comfy, complacent, composure, cosy, cushioned, cushy, ease, easy, facile, leisure, luxurious, rest, restful, serene, snug, unconstrained, unconventional, undisturbed, unembarassed, untroubled), huzur (audience, comfort, composure, ease, evenness, languor, presence, quiet, quietness, quietude, serenity, tranquility, tranquillity), barix, barış (concord, reconciliation). (various references)

Turkmen		parahatзylyk, ynjalyk (repose, rest), oсюuk, imisalalyk (tranquility), asudalyk. (various references)

Ukrainian		спокій (balance, calm, calmness, composure, coolness, countenance, ease, easiness, impassivity, order, placidity, quiescence, quiescency, quiet, quietness, quietude, repose, requiescence, rest, serene, serenity, tranquility, tranquillity), тихіше (go easy, hush, mum, pax), мирний договір, мир (pax, quiet, quietude), замовкніть (keep quiet). (various references)

Vietnamese		thái bình (pacific), sự yên tĩnh (quiet, quietness, silence, still, stillness, tranquillity), sự trật tự an ninh sự yên lặng, sự an tâm, hoà bình (pacific, peaceful). (various references)

Welsh		heddwch (quiet, tranquillity). (various references)

Wolof		jàmm. (various references)

Xhosa		uxolo (Apology, Sorry/excuse me). (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Ancestral Language Translations: Peace

Language	Period	Translations
Latin	500 BCE-Modern	otio, otium, pace, pacem, pacemque, paci, pacis, pacisque, pÃ¢ce, pÃ¢cem, pÃ¢x, pax, pax pacis, quiete, quietem, quieti, quietis, quietum. (various references)
Avestan	200-600	âxshti, râma. (various references)
Old English	450-1100	freod. (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Bible Trace: Peace

Language	Date	Source	1 Thessalonians Chapter 5, Verse 3
Greek (transliterated)	250 BC	Septuagint	Otan gar legwsin eirhnh kai asfaleia tote aifnidioV autoiV efistatai oleqroV wsper h wdin th en gastri ecoush kai ou mh ekfugwsin
Latin	405	Vulgate	Cum enim dixerint pax et securitas tunc repentinus eis superveniet interitus sicut dolor in utero habenti et non effugient
Old English	990	West Saxon	Þonne swa menn cweðað, "Frið and gebeorg," ðonne sceal towurpnis cuman on him, færinga swa byrðwærc on eacenre cwene, and hi ne sculon ne gefleman.
Middle English	1395	Wyclif	For whanne thei schulen seie pees is, and sikirnesse, thanne sudeyn deth schal come on hem, as sorewe to a womman that is with child, and thei schulen not scape.
Renaissance English	1526	Tyndale	When they shall saye peace and no daunger than commeth on the soden destruccion as the travalynge of a woma with childe and they shall not scape.
Jacobean English	1611	King James	For when they shall say, Peace and safety; then sudden destruction cometh upon them, as travail upon a woman with child; and they shall not escape.
Victorian English	1833	Webster	For when they shall say, Peace and safety; then sudden destruction cometh upon them, as travail upon a woman with child; and they shall not escape.
Basic English	1964	Ogden	When they say, There is peace and no danger, then sudden destruction will come on them, as birth-pains on a woman with child; and they will not be able to get away from it.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Matched Bible Translations: Peace

Language	1 Thessalonians Chapter 5, Verse 3
Cebuano	Sa diha nga ang mga tawo magakanayon, "Ania ang kalinaw ug kasigurohan," sa kalit moabut kanila ang pagkalaglag maingon sa pagbati sa kasakit nga moabut sa babaye nga tali-anak, ug sila dili makaikyas.
Croatian	Dok još budu govorili: "Mir i sigurnost", zadesit æe ih iznenadna propast kao trudovi trudnicu i neæe umaæi.
Danish	Når de sige: "Fred og ingen Fare!" da kommer Undergang pludselig, over dem ligesom Veerne over den frugtsommelige, og de skulle ingenlunde undfly.
Dutch	Want wanneer zij zullen zeggen: Het is vrede, en zonder gevaar; dan zal een haastig verderf hun overkomen, gelijk de barensnood een bevruchte vrouw; en zij zullen het geenszins ontvlieden;
Finnish	Kun he sanovat: "Nyt on rauha, ei hätää mitään", silloin yllättää heidät yhtäkkiä turmio, niinkuin synnytyskipu raskaan vaimon, eivätkä he pääse pakoon.
French	Quand les hommes diront: Paix et sûreté! alors une ruine soudaine les surprendra, comme les douleurs de l`enfantement surprennent la femme enceinte, et ils n`échapperont point.
German	Denn sie werden sagen: Es ist Friede, es hat keine Gefahr, so wird sie das Verderben schnell überfallen, gleichwie der Schmerz ein schwangeres Weib, und werden nicht entfliehen.
Hungarian	Mert a mikor ezt mondják: Békesség és biztonság, akkor hirtelen veszedelem jön rájok, mint a szülési fájdalom a terhes asszonyra; és semmiképen meg nem menekednek.
Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari	Apabila orang berkata, "Semuanya aman dan tentram," maka pada waktu itulah tiba-tiba mereka akan ditimpa kebinasaan, dan tidak seorang pun dapat lolos. Hal itu akan terjadi tiba-tiba, seperti perasaan sakit bersalin yang menimpa seorang wanita yang akan melahirkan.
Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama	Apabila orang berkata, "Sejahtera dan selamat," maka tiba-tiba datang kebinasaan ke atas mereka itu, seperti kesakitan beranak atas perempuan yang hamil; maka sekali-kali tiada mereka itu akan dapat melepaskan diri.
Italian	E quando si dirà: «Pace e sicurezza», allora d'improvviso li colpirà la rovina, come le doglie una donna incinta; e nessuno scamperà.
Maori	I a ratou hoki e ki ana, he rangimarie, he ora; ko reira te mate huaki tata ai ki a ratou, ka pera me te mamae ki te wahine hapu, e kore hoki ratou e mawhiti.
Norwegian	Når de sier: Fred og ingen fare! da kommer en brå undergang over dem, likesom veer over den fruktsommelige, og de skal ingenlunde undfly.
Portuguese	pois quando estiverem dizendo: Paz e segurança! então lhes sobrevirá repentina destruição, como as dores de parto àquela que está grávida; e de modo nenhum escaparão.
Rumanian	Cknd vor zice: ,,Pace wi liniwte!`` atunci o prqpqdenie neawteptatq va veni peste ei, ca durerile nawterii peste femeia knsqrcinatq; wi nu va fi chip de scqpare.
Shuar	Ashí shuar "Pai, yamaikia ti nekas shiir pénker pujuiniaji" tu matsatainiai, aya aneachma nunka mesertin tsawant jeattawai. Nuwa ajamtin aya aneachma jatema aintsan, nékachmanum átatui. Túmakui pisartin penké atsuttawai.
Swahili	Watu watakapokuwa wanasema: "Kila kitu ni shwari na salama" ndipo uharibifu utakapowaangukia ghafla! Mambo hayo yatatukia ghafla kama uchungu wa uzazi unavyomjia mama anayejifungua, wala watu hawataweza kuepukana nayo.
Swedish	Bäst de säga: "Allt står väl till, och ingen fara är på färde", då kommer plötsligt fördärv över dem, såsom födslovåndan över en havande kvinna, och de skola förvisso icke kunna fly undan.
Uma	Rata mpai' tempo-na, tauna mpo'uli': "Lompe' moto katuwu' -ta, uma ria to tapoka'eka'." Ntaa' we'i, nto'u toe-midi kanarumpa' -ra silaka-e! Tohe'e mpai' jadi' ncorobaa, hewa pontodohaka tobine to neo' mo'ana'. Uma ria ohea-ra mpasalewa huku' -ra.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Peace

Derivations
	Words beginning with "peace": peaceable, peaceableness, peaceablenesses, peaceably, peaced, peaceful, peacefuller, peacefullest, peacefully, peacefulness, peacefulnesses, peacekeeper, peacekeepers, peacekeeping, peacekeepings, peacemaker, peacemakers, peacemaking, peacemakings, peacenik, peaceniks, peaces, peacetime, peacetimes. (additional references)
Misspellings
	"Peace" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: apeace, Beauce, ceace, ecae, epace, epack, Epca, epice, feace, geace, meace, neace, pacem, pacey, Paeca, paece, pataca, payacan, peaceo, Peacey, Peack, peacy, peagen, peake, Peaker, peale, Pearcey, peate, peave, peaze, peca, Peccei, Pecche, pece, pecel, Peche, peci, peco, pecu, peecee, peefe, peice, Pelcel, Pelco, pemco, penace, Penacev, pesce, Petacci, peuce, pewce, phace, phake, piace, piaco, pleace, Pogace, Praca, prace, puice, seace, teace. (additional references)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Peace"

# of Phoneme Matches	Pronunciation	Word(s) rhyming with "peace" (pronounced pē"s)
3	p ē" s	apiece, Pease, piece.
2	-ē" s	caprice, cease, cerise, crease, decease, decrease, fleece, gees, geese, grease, increase, lease, niece, obese, police, release, Seis, yeas.
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Peace

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "a-c-e-e-p"
	-1 letter: cape, cepe, pace.
	-2 letters: ace, ape, cap, cee, cep, pac, pea, pec, pee.
	-3 letters: ae, pa, pe.
	Words containing the letters "a-c-e-e-p"
	+1 letter: apiece, escape, peaced, peaces.
	+2 letters: calipee, capelet, capered, caperer, cheapen, cheaper, cheapie, emplace, escaped, escapee, escaper, escapes, kneecap, peached, peacher, peaches, pectase, pectate, penance, percale, preface, prerace, replace, respace.
	+3 letters: acalephe, accepted, acceptee, accepter, apothece, becapped, becarpet, calipees, callipee, camphene, camporee, capelets, caperers, carpeted, cheapens, cheapest, cheapies, clypeate, conepate, copemate, creepage, cypselae, decamped, earpiece, emplaced, emplaces, encamped, epicedia, escapade, escapees, escapers, escarped, especial, kneecaps, opalesce, packeted, paleface, parceled, parcener, patience, peaceful, peacenik, peachers, peachier, peasecod, peccable, pectases, pectates, peculate, penanced, penances, pentacle, percales, perfecta, petechia, placemen, pleached, pleaches, praecipe, praefect, praelect, preached, preacher, preaches, preacted, precavae, preclean, preclear, preenact, prefaced, prefacer, prefaces, preplace, reaccept, recapped, recarpet, repacked, replaced, replacer, replaces, respaced, respaces, sapience, seapiece, seascape, spacemen, speciate, spectate, typecase, typeface.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Modern

5. Usage: Commercial
6. Images: Slideshow
7. Images: Photo Album
8. Images: Digital Art

9. Quotations: Familiar
10. Quotations: Historic
11. Quotations: Fiction
12. Quotations: Non-fiction

13. Quotations: Spoken
14. Quotations: Speeches
15. Usage Frequency
16. Names: Frequency

17. Names: Derived from
18. Expressions
19. Expressions: Internet
20. Translations: Modern

21. Translations: Ancient
22. Bible Trace
23. Abbreviations
24. Acronyms

25. Derivations
26. Rhymes
27. Anagrams
28. Bibliography

Peace

Definition: Peace

Peace

Noun

Specialty Definition: Peace

Specialty Definition: Green economics

Small is beautiful

Nobel Peace Prize

Peace

External Links

Peace movement

External links

Peace movement in the United States of America

Abbreviations & Acronyms: Peace

PEACE

Synonyms: Peace

Synonyms within Context: Peace

Concord

Friendship

Quiescence

Crosswords: Peace

Modern Usage: Peace

Screenplays

Lyrics

Clever

Movie/TV Titles

Song Titles

Commercial Usage: Peace

Books

Periodicals

Theater & Movies

Music

High Tech

Consumer Goods

Image Slideshow: Peace

Photos:Peace

Illustrations:Peace

Computer Images:Peace

Photo Album: Peace

Digital Photo Gallery: Peace

Familiar Quotations: Peace

Aristotle

Dante (Alighieri)

Dante Alighieri

Johann Friedrich Von Schiller

Joseph Addison

Karl Von Clausewitz

Marcus T. Cicero

Millard Fillmore

Pierre Corneille

Virgil

Historic Usage: Peace

Magna Carta

John Locke

US Declaration of Independence

US Constitution

US Bill of Rights

Marbury v. Madison

Treaty of Versailles

Winston S. Churchill

United Nations

John F. Kennedy

Use in Literature: Peace

Emma

Austen, Jane

Solitude

Carroll, Lewis

A Christmas Carol

Dickens, Charles

Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency

Douglas Adams

Les Miserables

Hugo, Victor

Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

Joyce, James

King Richard III

Shakespeare, William

Grapes of Wrath

Steinbeck, John

Gulliver's Travels

Photos:
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Illustrations:
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Computer Images:
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