Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Oxide |
OxideNoun1. Any compound of oxygen with another element or a radical. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "oxide" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1844. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Mechanical Engineering | Tool material, usually in the form of tool tips. There are different ceramic mixtures:Sintered oxide, Sintered oxide and metal, Sintered oxide and carbide, Sintered oxide, metal and carbide(cermets(=U. S. A. )). Main component of the material is Al203. Source: European Union. (references) |
Mining | A compound of oxygen with another element. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements, e.g. (rust) iron oxide or bauxite (aluminum oxide). Oxides are extremely common in Earth's crust, and indeed in solid matter throughout the universe.
Oxides are usually created through the process of oxidation.
See Also
- Iron oxides
- Copper oxide
- Hydroxide
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Oxide."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Oxygen is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol O and atomic number 8. The element is common and ubiquitous, found not only on Earth but throughout the universe. Free oxygen, as on Earth, is thermodynamically unstable, but exists through the action, first, of photosynthetic anaerobes and, in later epochs, of photosynthetic terrestrial plants.
Nitrogen - Oxygen - Fluorine
O
S
Full tableGeneral Name, Symbol, Number Oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 16 (VIA), 2 , p Density, Hardness 1.429 kg/m3 (273K), NA Appearance colorless Atomic Properties Atomic weight 15.9994 amu Atomic radius (calc.) 60 (48) pm Covalent radius 73 pm van der Waals radius 152 pm Electron configuration [He]2s2s22p4 e- 's per energy level 2, 6 Oxidation states (Oxide) -2,-1 (neutral) Crystal structure cubic Physical Properties State of matter gas (paramagnetic) Melting point 50.35 K (-368.77 °F) Boiling point 90.18 K (-297.08 °F) Molar volume 17.36 ×1010-3 m3/mol Heat of vaporization 3.4099 kJ/mol Heat of fusion 0.22259 kJ/mol Vapor pressure __ Pa at __ K Speed of sound 317.5 m/s at 293 K Miscellaneous Electronegativity 3.44 (Pauling scale) Specific heat capacity 920 J/(kg*K) Electrical conductivity __ 106/m ohm Thermal conductivity 0.02674 W/(m*K) 1st ionization potential 1313.9 kJ/mol 2nd ionization potential 3388.3 kJ/mol 3rd ionization potential 5300.5 kJ/mol 4th ionization potential 7469.2 kJ/mol Most Stable Isotopes
iso NA half-life DM DE MeV DP 16O 99.762% O is stable with 8 neutrons 17O 0.038% O is stable with 9 neutrons 18O 0.2% O is stable with 10 neutrons SI units & STP are used except where noted.
Notable Characteristics
At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is found as a gas consisting of two oxygen atoms, chemical formula O2. This oxygen is an important component of air, produced by plants during photosynthesis and is necessary for animals' respiration. The word oxygen derives from two words in Greek, the Greek oxus (acid) and gennan (generate).
Liquid oxygen and solid oxygen have a light blue color and both are highly paramagnetic. Liquid oxygen is usually obtained by the fractional distillation of liquid air.
Applications
Oxygen finds considerable use as an oxidizer, with only fluorine having a higher electronegativity. Liquid oxygen finds use as an oxidizer in rocket propulsion. Oxygen is essential to respiration, so oxygen supplementation has found use in medicine. People who climb mountains or fly in airplanes generally have supplemental oxygen supplies. Oxygen is used in welding, and in the making of steel and methanol.
Oxygen, as a mild euphoric, has a history of recreational use that extends into modern times. Oxygen bars can be seen at parties to this day. In the 19th century, oxygen was often mixed with nitrous oxide to promote a kind of analgesic effect.
History
Oxygen was discovered by the Swedish pharmacist Karl Wilhelm Scheele in 1771, but this discovery was not immediately recognized, and the independent discovery by Joseph Priestley was more widely known. It was named by Antoine Laurent Lavoisier in 1774.
Occurrence
Oxygen is the most abundant element in the Earth's crust, estimated to comprise 46.7% of the crust. Oxygen comprises about 87% of the oceans (as H2O, water) and 20% of the atmosphere of Earth (as O2, molecular oxygen, or O3, ozone). Oxygen compounds, particularly metal oxides, silicates (SiO44-) and carbonates (CO32-), are commonly found in rocks and soil. Frozen water is a common solid on the outer planets and comets. The ice caps of Mars are made of frozen carbon dioxide. Oxygen compounds are found throughout the universe and the spectrum of oxygen is often seen in stars. In fact stars wouldn't produce light without oxygen.
Compounds
Due to its electronegativity, oxygen forms chemical bonds with almost all other elements (which is the origin of the original definition of oxidation). The only elements to escape the possibility of oxidation are a few of the noble gases. The most famous of these oxides is of course hydrogen oxide, or water (H2O). Other well known examples include compounds of carbon and oxygen, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), alcohols (R-OH), aldehydes, (R-CHO), and carboxylic acids (R-COOH). Oxygenated radicals such as chlorates (ClO3-), perchlorates (ClO4-), chromates (CrO42-), dichromates (Cr2O72-), permanganates (MnO4-), and nitrates (NO3-)are strong oxidizing agents in and of themselves. Many metals such as Iron bond with oxygen atoms, Ferric Oxide (Fe2O3). Ozone (O3) is formed by electrostatic discharge in the presence of molecular oxygen. A double oxygen molecule (O2)2 is known, found as a minor component of liquid oxygen. Epoxides are ethers in which the oxygen atom is part of a ring of three atoms.
Isotopes
Oxygen has three stable isotopes and ten known radioactive isotopes. The radioisotopes all have half lives of less than three minutes.
Precautions
Prolonged exposure to pure oxygen at higher pressures can be toxic, having both pulmonary and neurological effects. Pulmonary effects include edema, loss of lung capacity and damage to lung tissues. Neurological effects can include loss of vision, convulsions and coma.
Certain derivatives of oxygen, such as ozone (O3), hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals and superoxide, are also highly toxic. The body has developed mechanisms to protect against these toxic species. For instance, the naturally-occurring glutathione can act as an antioxidant as can bilirubin which is normally a breakdown product of hemoglobin. Highly concentrated sources of oxygen promote rapid combustion and therefore are fire and explosion hazards in the presence of fuels. This is true as well of compounds of oxygen such as chlorates, perchlorates, dichromates, etc. Compounds with a high oxidative potential can often cause chemical burns.
The fire that killed the Apollo 1 crew on a test lauchpad spread so rapidly because the pure oxygen atmosphere was at normal atmospheric pressure instead of the one third pressure that would be used during an actual launch. (see partial pressure)
See also
- Winkler test for dissolved oxygen for instructions on how to determine the amount of oxygen dissolved in fresh water.
- Combustion.
- Oxidation.
External Links
- Los Alamos National Laboratory - Oxygen
- WebElements.com - Oxygen
- EnvironmentalChemistry.com - Oxygen
- It's Elemental - Oxygen
- Oxygen Therapy - The First 150 Years
- Oxygen Toxicity
Oxygen is also the name of a Cable TV channel in the US. Its programming targets women audience.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Oxygen."
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Bane | Albany hemp, arsenious oxide, arsenious acid; bichloride of mercury; carbonic acid, carbonic gas; choke damp, corrosive sublimate, fire damp; hydrocyanic acid, cyanide, Prussic acid, hydrogen cyanide; marsh gas, nux vomica, ratsbane. |
Physical Insensibility | Anaesthetic agent, opium, ether, chloroform, chloral; nitrous oxide, laughing gas; exhilarating gas, protoxide of nitrogen; refrigeration. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Oxide |
| English words defined with "oxide": aluminium oxide, aluminum oxide ♦ barium oxide ♦ calcium oxide, copper oxide ♦ ferric oxide ♦ hydrated oxide ♦ Oxide of zinc ♦ Stannic oxide ♦ Zinc oxide, zirconium oxide. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "oxide": arsenious oxide ♦ barton oxide, BLACK OXIDE COATING EQUIPMENT TENDER, black oxide operator ♦ Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor ♦ evaporated oxide film ♦ gadolinium oxide burnable poison ♦ iron oxide lung ♦ leaded zinc oxide ♦ Metal Oxide Semiconductor, Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor, Mixed oxide fuel ♦ nickel oxide, nitric oxide synthase ♦ oxide etch ♦ prompt nitric oxide, pyrolytic oxide ♦ seeded gel aluminium oxide, sputtered oxide ♦ uranium oxide ♦ zinc oxide chills. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "oxide": trioxide. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Oxide" is also a word in the following language with the English translation in parentheses. Spanish (oxidize). |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Yellow iron oxide comes from hydrothermal vents; white is bacterial mat. Credit: National Undersea Research Program (NURP). |  | Inactive hydrothermal chimneys made of iron oxide on Loihi volcano. Credit: National Undersea Research Program (NURP). |
 | Wesley Gordon, NRCS District Conservationist, and a local community college student discuss the operation of a mine water remediation project. The project passively treats water in a natural wetlands system which causes the iron oxide to filter from the w. Credit: Bob Nichols. | ||
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |
| "Iron oxide deposit" by Gavin Whitmore Commentary: "Iron-oxide patterns in rock..." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. |
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Nitric oxide dilates blood vessels. (references) | |
A product such as zinc oxide, sold over the counter, can block the sun's rays completely. (references) | ||
One useful finding is that nitric oxide damage leaves a characteristic molecular "footprint" on cell proteins. (references) | ||
Business | Nitrogen oxide has fallen by 26 percent, carbon monoxide by 30 percent, lead by 50 percent and particulates have been reduced by 28 percent. (references) | |
The output of inorganic pigments reaches 450,000 tons per year, the main varieties are lithophone, titanium dioxide, iron oxide red, zinc oxide, lead tetraoxide, and iron oxide yellow. (references) | ||
Newer power plants have stricter pollution requirements and these can be met through a variety of methods including using relatively clean fuel sources, installing a FGDs and using a dry low-NOX burner or over-fire damper to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions. (references) | ||
Economic History | Australia | Key product segments are chlorine, titanium oxide, sodium cyanide, ammonia (industrial), caustic soda, sulphuric acid, and soda ash. (references) |
Singapore | The demand for monolithic digital integrated circuits from the U.S., especially ICs based on metal oxide semiconductors, has been particularly strong. (references) | |
Australia | The Northern Territory is a world-class producer of bauxite, manganese ore, magnesium, gold, diamonds, uranium oxide, and silver-lead-zinc concentrates. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Oxide" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Oxide" is used about 393 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 393 | 14,149 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "oxide": aluminium oxide ♦ aluminum oxide ♦ arsenious oxide ♦ arsenous oxide ♦ barium oxide ♦ barton oxide ♦ bipolar complementary metal oxide semiconductor ♦ Black oxide of manganese ♦ buffered oxide etch ♦ calcium oxide ♦ carbonic oxide ♦ chloropropylene oxide ♦ cobalt oxide ♦ complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor ♦ copper oxide ♦ deposited oxide ♦ deuterium oxide ♦ diphenyl oxide ♦ ethyl oxide ♦ Ethylene Oxide ♦ evaporated oxide film ♦ ferric oxide ♦ gadolinium oxide burnable poison ♦ hydrated aluminium oxide ♦ hydrated aluminum oxide ♦ hydrated oxide ♦ hydric oxide ♦ Hydrogen oxide ♦ hyponitrous oxide ♦ indium oxide ♦ iron oxide ♦ iron oxide lung ♦ lead oxide ♦ lead oxide yellow ♦ leaded zinc oxide ♦ Magnesium Oxide ♦ manganese oxide ♦ Mesityl oxide ♦ metal oxide semiconductor ♦ metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor ♦ metal oxide semiconductor technology ♦ methyl oxide ♦ nitric oxide ♦ Nitric Oxide Donors ♦ nitric oxide synthase ♦ nitrogen oxide ♦ nitrous oxide ♦ oxide etch ♦ oxide of zinc ♦ oxide window ♦ prompt nitric oxide ♦ pyrolytic oxide ♦ red oxide of zinc ♦ scale oxide ♦ seeded gel aluminium oxide ♦ silicon oxide ♦ sputtered oxide ♦ Stannic oxide ♦ sulfur oxide ♦ sulphur oxide ♦ thorium oxide ♦ titanic oxide ♦ titanium oxide ♦ zinc oxide ♦ zinc oxide chills ♦ zirconium oxide. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "oxide": oxide-coated, oxide-copper, Oxide-Eugenol, oxide-fuel, oxide-insulated-integrated-circuit, oxide-that. | |
Ending with "oxide": copper-oxide, loperamide-n-oxide. | |
Containing "oxide": metal-oxide-semiconductor, metal-oxide-semiconductor, metal-oxide-silicon, Nitric-Oxide Synthase, thermal-oxide-reprocessing, vertical-metal-oxide-semiconductor. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
nitrous oxide | 844 | solid oxide fuel cell | 20 |
nitric oxide | 448 | nitrous oxide for car | 19 |
nitrous oxide system | 433 | sunscreen zinc oxide | 18 |
zinc oxide | 151 | nitric oxide supplement | 18 |
aluminum oxide | 103 | electrode oxide tin | 16 |
magnesium oxide | 95 | copper oxide | 16 |
ethylene oxide | 65 | oxide tin | 15 |
black oxide | 58 | eugenol oxide zinc | 15 |
oxide | 54 | metal oxide varistors | 14 |
iron oxide | 52 | ethylene oxide sterilization | 14 |
nitrogen oxide | 48 | zirconium oxide | 12 |
nitrous oxide kit | 47 | motorcycle nitrous oxide | 12 |
nos nitrous oxide system | 36 | silver oxide | 12 |
oxide propylene | 31 | ferric oxide | 11 |
cerium oxide | 28 | black iron oxide | 11 |
metal oxide varistor | 26 | indium tin oxide | 11 |
calcium oxide | 26 | electrostatic oxide pyrolysis zinc | 10 |
nos nitrous oxide | 23 | gly oxide | 10 |
titanium oxide | 22 | nitris oxide | 9 |
oxide neutrino | 22 | nitrous oxide tank | 9 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "oxide"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | oksid. (various references) | |
Arabic | أكسيد. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | окис. (various references) | |
Chinese | 氧化物. (various references) | |
Czech | oxid, kyslièník (peroxide). (various references) | |
Danish | keramikværktøjer (ceramic cutting tool, cermet). (various references) | |
Dutch | snijkeramiek (ceramic cutting tool, cermet), keramisch snijmateriaal (ceramic cutting tool, cermet). (various references) | |
Farsi | اکسید(oxyde)(ش.). (various references) | |
Finnish | oksidi, keraami (ceramic, ceramic cutting tool, cermet). (various references) | |
French | oxyde, outil céramique. (various references) | |
German | Oxid. (various references) | |
Greek | οξείδιο. (various references) | |
Hebrew | תחמוצת (oxidation). (various references) | |
Hungarian | oxid. (various references) | |
Italian | ossido. (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 酸化物 , オイラーの定理 (engine oil, Euler's theorem, kerosene, ocarina, occult, occult culture, oil, oil ball, oil brake, oil dollar, oil facility, oil fence, oil massage, oil money, oil pack, oil paint, oil painting, oil road, oil shale, oil shock, oiled leather, oiled sand, oiled sardine, oiled silk, oil-heater, oilskin, oxidant, wood briquet). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | さんかぶつ, オキサイド . (various references) | |
Korean | 산화물. (various references) | |
Manx | ocsaid. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | oxideay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | ferramenta cerâmica (ceramic cutting tool, cermet), óxido. (various references) | |
Romanian | oxid. (various references) | |
Russian | окись (powder blue). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | oksid. (various references) | |
Spanish | óxido (rust, scale). (various references) | |
Swedish | oxid (protoxide). (various references) | |
Turkish | oksit. (various references) | |
Ukrainian | оксид, окисел, окис. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "oxide": oxides. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "oxide": alkoxide, chlordiazepoxide, dioxide, endoperoxide, epoxide, hydroperoxide, hydroxide, monoxide, pentoxide, peroxide, phenoxide, suboxide, sulfoxide, superoxide, tetroxide, trioxide. (additional references) | |
Words containing "oxide": alkoxides, chlordiazepoxides, dioxides, endoperoxides, epoxides, hydroperoxides, hydroxides, monoxides, pentoxides, peroxided, peroxides, phenoxides, suboxides, sulfoxides, superoxides, tetroxides, trioxides. (additional references) | |
| |
"Oxide" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: axied, exide, foxite, obide, odid, onide, Ouida, Ovidiu, Oxaid, Oxaids, oxate, oxeme, oxhide, Oxi, oxider, oxidi, oxido, oxids, oxie, oxier, oxile, oxime, oxine, oxite, oxode, oxoe, oxoid, oxude, oxyde, Oxydol, ozite, togidre. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "oxide" (pronounced Ä"ksī'd) |
| 5 | Ä" k s ī' d | dioxide, dockside, peroxide, superoxide. |
| 4 | -k s ī' d | backside, lakeside. |
| 3 | -s ī' d | bedside, blindside, broadside, countryside, curbside, Ironside, downside, fireside, fratricide, fungicide, genocide, germicide, glucoside, glycoside, graveside, harborside, herbicide, hillside, homicide, infanticide, insecticide, mountainside, pesticide, poolside, prophesied, ringside, riverside, roadside, seaside, silverside, suicide, underside, wayside. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: doxie. | |
| Words within the letters "d-e-i-o-x" | |
-1 letter: oxid. | |
-2 letters: dex, die, doe, ode. | |
-3 letters: de, do, ed, ex, id, od, oe, ox, xi. | |
| Words containing the letters "d-e-i-o-x" | |
+1 letter: doxies, exodoi, oxides. | |
+2 letters: dioxane, dioxide, epoxide, epoxied, exordia, oxidase, oxidate, oxidise, oxidize, peroxid. | |
+3 letters: alkoxide, bollixed, commixed, detoxify, detoxing, dioxanes, dioxides, epoxides, exordial, exordium, monoxide, oxidable, oxidases, oxidated, oxidates, oxidised, oxidiser, oxidises, oxidized, oxidizer, oxidizes, peroxide, peroxids, suboxide, tetroxid, trioxide, videotex. | |
+4 letters: aboideaux, alkoxides, coexisted, coxitides, deoxidize, endomixis, endotoxic, endotoxin, epoxidize, exodermis, exodontia, exorcised, exorcized, exordiums, expeditor, exploding, exploited, exposited, exudation, hexaploid, hydroxide, monoxides, outjinxed, overmixed, oxidative, oxidisers, oxidizers, pentoxide, peroxided, peroxides, peroxidic, phenoxide, postfixed, reoxidize, suboxides, sulfoxide, tetroxide, tetroxids, tinderbox, trioxides, uxoricide, videotext. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Commercial 4. Images: Slideshow | 5. Images: Photo Album 6. Images: Digital Art 7. Quotations: Non-fiction 8. Usage Frequency | 9. Expressions 10. Expressions: Internet 11. Translations: Modern 12. Derivations | 13. Rhymes 14. Anagrams 15. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
