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Definition: Norepinephrine |
NorepinephrineNoun1. A catecholamine precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and also released at synapses. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
| Domain | Definitions |
Health | Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic. (references) |
Medicine | Norepinephrine. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The host of physiological changes activated by a stressful event are unleashed in part by activation of a nucleus in the brain stem called the locus ceruleus. This nucleus is the origin of most norepinephrine pathways in the brain. Neurons using norepinephrine as their neurotransmitter project bilaterally from the locus ceruleus along distinct pathways to the cerebral cortex, limbic system, and the spinal cord, among other projections.
Normally, when someone is in a serene, unstimulated state, the "firing" of neurons in the locus ceruleus is minimal. A novel stimulus, once perceived, is relayed from the sensory cortex of the brain through the thalamus to the brain stem. That route of signaling increases the rate of noradrenergic activity in the locus ceruleus, and the person becomes alert and attentive to the environment. If the stimulus is perceived as a threat, a more intense and prolonged discharge of the locus ceruleus activates the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (Thase & Howland, 1995). The activation of the sympathetic nervous system leads to the release of norepinephrine from nerve endings acting on the heart, blood vessels, respiratory centers, and other sites. The ensuing physiological changes constitute a major part of the acute stress response. The other major player in the acute stress response is the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
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Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Norepinephrine."
Synonym: NorepinephrineSynonym: noradrenaline (n). (additional references) |
Crosswords: Norepinephrine |
| English words defined with "norepinephrine": catecholamine ♦ Edronax ♦ MAO, monoamine oxidase ♦ neurohormone ♦ reboxetine ♦ tricyclic, tricyclic antidepressant, tricyclic antidepressant drug ♦ vasoconstrictive, vasoconstrictor. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "norepinephrine": 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ♦ 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethanol ♦ Adrenergic Antagonists, Amoxapine, Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic ♦ Biogenic Amine Neurotransmitters ♦ Chromaffin Granules ♦ Desipramine ♦ Fusaric Acid ♦ Guanethidine ♦ Metaraminol, Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol ♦ Nordefrin, Normetanephrine ♦ Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase ♦ Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1, Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2, Receptors, Biogenic Amine, Receptors, Catecholamine ♦ Sibutramine, Sympathetic Fibers, Postganglionic, Sympatholytics. (references) |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Norepinephrine and serotonin, inhibitory chemicals that help the brain regulate acetylcholine. (references) | |
Other hormones that influence blood sugar levels are cortisol, growth hormone, and catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine). (references) | ||
The brain may signal the release of painkillers found in the spinal cord, including serotonin, norepinephrine, and opioid-like chemicals. (references) | ||
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
norepinephrine | 170 |
inhibitor norepinephrine reuptake | 10 |
depression norepinephrine | 7 |
iv norepinephrine | 7 |
norepinephrine serotonin | 7 |
inhibitor norepinephrine reuptake selective | 6 |
inhibitor norepinephrine reuptake serotonin | 4 |
epinephrine norepinephrine | 2 |
anxiety norepinephrine | 2 |
dopamine norepinephrine | 2 |
norepinephrine reuptake | 2 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "norepinephrine"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 降肾上腺 . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | norepinephrin. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | norepinephrine, norepinefrine, noradrenaline (noradrenaline). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | norepinefriini. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
French | norépinéphrine. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
German | Norepinephrin. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | norepinefrina. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | orepinephrinenay norepinefrina. (various references) norepinefrina. (various references) norepinefrin. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "norepinephrine": norepinephrines. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "e-e-e-h-i-i-n-n-n-o-p-p-r-r" | |
-3 letters: epinephrine. | |
-4 letters: epinephrin. | |
| Words containing the letters "e-e-e-h-i-i-n-n-n-o-p-p-r-r" | |
+1 letter: norepinephrines. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)4E 6F 72 65 70 69 6E 65 70 68 72 69 6E 65 |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references)-. --- .-. . .--. .. -. . .--. .... .-. .. -. . |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01001110 01101111 01110010 01100101 01110000 01101001 01101110 01100101 01110000 01101000 01110010 01101001 01101110 01100101 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)N o r e p i n e p h r i n e |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)004E 006F 0072 0065 0070 0069 006E 0065 0070 0068 0072 0069 006E 0065 |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)4881847182758071827484758071 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Quotations: Non-fiction 6. Expressions: Internet 7. Translations: Modern 8. Derivations | 9. Anagrams 10. Orthography 11. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
