Nitric Oxide

Domain	Definitions
Chemistry	A compound of nitrogen and oxygen(NO)produced in the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels by oxidation of atmospheric nitrogen. It forms in the primary zone of atmospheric nitrogen. It forms in the primary zone of gas-turbine combustors where the burnt gas composition is close to stoichiometric and gas temperatures are highest. It forms the greatest part of the NOx present in the exhaust plume. In air it is oxidized to nitrogen dioxide. Source: European Union. (references)
Environment	A gas formed by combustion under high temperature and high pressure in an internal combustion engine; it is converted by sunlight and photochemical processes in ambient air to nitrogen oxide. NO is a precursor of ground-level ozone pollution, or smog.. (NO). (references)
Health	A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells. It is synthesized from arginine by a complex reaction, catalyzed by nitric oxide synthase. Nitric oxide is endothelium-derived relaxing factor. It is released by the vascular endothelium and mediates the relaxation induced by some vasodilators such as acetylcholine and bradykinin. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic guanylate cyclase and thus elevates intracellular levels of cyclic GMP. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Specialty Definition: Nitric oxide

**Properties**
General
Name	Nitrogen monoxide
Chemical formula	NO
Appearance	Colourless gas
Physical
Formula weight	30.0 amu
Melting point	109 K (-164 °C)
Boiling point	121 K (-152 °C)
Density	1.3 ×10³ kg/m³ (liquid)
Solubility	0.0056 g in 100g water
Thermochemistry
Δ_fH⁰_gas	90 kJ/mol
Δ_fH⁰_liquid	87.7 kJ/mol
S⁰_{gas, 1 bar}	211 J/mol·K
Safety
Ingestion	Used for medicinal purposes but has side effects and dangerous in overdose
Inhalation	Dangerous, may be fatal.
Skin	Irritant.
Eyes	May cause irritation
More info	Hazardous Chemical Database
SI units were used where possible. Unless otherwise stated, standard conditions were used. Disclaimer and references

The chemical compound nitric oxide is a gas with chemical formula NO. It is an important signalling molecule in the body of mammals including humans, one of the few gaseous signalling molecules known. It is also a toxic air pollutant produced by car engines and power plants.

Nitric oxide (NO) should not be confused with nitrous oxide (N₂O) or with nitrogen dioxide (NO₂).

The nitric oxide molecule is a free radical which makes it very reactive and unstable. In air, it quickly reacts with oxygen to form the poisonous nitrogen dioxide.

Production and environmental effects

At high temperatures (as in combustion engines), molecular nitrogen and oxygen combine to form nitric oxide. One purpose of catalytic converters in cars is to partially reverse this reaction.

Nitric oxide in the air may later convert to nitric acid which has been implicated in acid rain. Furthermore, both NO and NO₂ participate in the ozone layer depletion.

Nitric oxide has few industrial uses. It is an intermediate of the Ostwald process which converts ammonia into nitric acid.

Biological functions

In the body, nitric oxide is created from arginine and oxygen by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase.

The cells of the endothelium (inner wall) of blood vessels use nitric oxide to signal the surrounding smooth muscle to relax, thus increasing blood flow. This is part of the process of erection of the penis, and explains the mechanism of Viagra. It also underlies the action of nitroglycerin and amyl nitrate in the treatment of heart disease: the compounds are converted to nitric oxide (by a process that is not completely understood) which in turn dilates the blood vessels around the heart. The effects of the recreational drugs known as poppers are also thought to be due to nitric oxide.

Macrophages, certain cells of the immune system, produce nitric oxide in order to kill invading bacteria. Under certain conditions, this can cause trouble: fulminant infection (sepsis) causes the macrophages to produce so much nitric oxide that many blood vessels dilate and the blood pressure drops to dangerously low levels.

Nitric oxide is also used by nerve cells as a neurotransmitter. Unlike other neurotransmitters which only transmit information from a presynaptic to a postsynaptic neuron, the small nitric oxide molecule can diffuse all over and can thereby act on several nearby neurons, even on those not connected by a synapse. It is conjectured that this process may be involved in the formation of memory.

The discovery of the biological functions of nitric oxide in the 1980s came as a complete surprise and created quite a furor. Nitric oxide was named Molecule of the Year in 1992 by the journal Science, a Nitric Oxide Society was founded, and a scientific journal devoted entirely to nitric oxide was created. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1998 was awarded for the discovery of the signalling properties of nitric oxide. It is estimated that yearly about 3,000 scientific articles about the biological roles of nitric oxide are published.

External links

Nitric Oxide Society
Nitric Oxide: Biology and Chemistry, peer reviewed scientific journal

Commercial Usage: Nitric Oxide

Non-Fiction Usage: Nitric Oxide

Expressions: Nitric Oxide

Frequency of Internet Keywords: Nitric Oxide

Modern Translations: Nitric Oxide

Language		Translations for "nitric oxide"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Danish		nitrogenoxid (mononitrogen monoxide, nitrogen monoxide), nitrogendioxyd (nitrogen dioxide), lattergas (dinitrogen monoxide, dinitrogen oxide, laughing gas, nitrous oxide), kvaelstofforilte (nitrous oxide), kvælstofoxyd, kvælstofilte, dinitrogenoxid (dinitrogen monoxide, dinitrogen oxide, laughing gas, nitrous oxide). (various references)

Dutch		NO (Kingdom of Norway, mononitrogen monoxide, nitrogen monoxide, North-East, Norway), stikstofoxide, stikstofmonoxyde (mononitrogen monoxide, nitrogen monoxide), stikstofmonoxide, stikstofdioxyde (nitrogen dioxide), lachgas (dinitrogen monoxide, dinitrogen oxide, laughing gas, nitrous oxide). (various references)

Finnish		typpioksidi, typpimonoksidi (mononitrogen monoxide, nitrogen monoxide), typpidioksidi (nitrogen dioxide). (various references)

French		NO (nitrogen monoxide), protoxyde d'azote (nitrous oxide), oxyde nitrique (nitrogen monoxide), oxyde azotique (nitrogen monoxide), monoxyde d'azote (nitrogen monoxide), hémioxyde d'azote (nitrous oxide), dioxyde d'azote (nitrogen dioxide), bioxyde d'azote. (various references)

German		Stickstoffoxid \| Stickstoffoxyd, Stickstoffmonoxid (mononitrogen monoxide, nitrogen monoxide), Stickstoffdioxid (Dinitrogen tetroxide, Nitrogen dioxide), Lachgas (dinitrogen monoxide, dinitrogen oxide, E942, gas, laughing gas, N2O, nitrous oxide), distickstoffmonoxyd. (various references)

Greek		ιλαρυντικό αέριο (laughing gas, nitrous oxide), μονοξείδιο του αζώτου (mononitrogen monoxide, nitrogen monoxide), πρωτοξείδιο του αζώτου (dinitrogen monoxide, dinitrogen oxide, E942, laughing gas, N2O, nitrous oxide), οξείδιο του αζώτου. (various references)

Hungarian		nitrogén(ii)-oxid. (various references)

Italian		protossido d'azoto (nitrous oxide), ossido nitrico, biossido di azoto (Dinitrogen tetroxide, Nitrogen dioxide). (various references)

Pig Latin		itricnay oxideay

Portuguese		protóxido de azoto (dinitrogen monoxide, dinitrogen oxide, E942, laughing gas, N2O, nitrous oxide), dióxido de azoto (nitrogen dioxide), óxido de azoto. (various references)

Romanian		oxid de azot. (various references)

Russian		окись азота. (various references)

Spanish		monóxido de nitrógeno (dinitrogen monoxide, dinitrogen oxide, E942, laughing gas, mononitrogen monoxide, N2O, nitrogen monoxide, nitrous oxide), dióxido de nitrógeno (nitrogen dioxide), óxido nítrico (mononitrogen monoxide, nitrogen monoxide). (various references)

Swedish		NO (Kingdom of Norway, mononitrogen monoxide, nitrogen monoxide, Norway), kväveoxid (mononitrogen monoxide, nitrogen monoxide), kvävemonoxid (mononitrogen monoxide, nitrogen monoxide), kvävedioxid (nitrogen dioxide). (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

Anagrams: Nitric Oxide

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "c-d-e-i-i-i-n-o-r-t-x"
	-2 letters: direction.
	-3 letters: centroid, dioritic, doctrine, indicter, indictor, indirect, reindict, retinoid, trioxide.
	-4 letters: citrine, cointer, cordite, crinite, crinoid, ctenoid, deontic, dextrin, dictier, diction, dineric, dinitro, diorite, edition, ericoid, exciton, excitor, identic, idiotic, incited, inciter, inditer, neritic, nitride, noritic, noticed, noticer, oneiric, trioxid, xerotic.
	-5 letters: cinder, citied, citrin, citron, codein, coedit, coined, coiner, corned, cornet, cortex, cortin, credit, cretin, dextro, dicier, dinero, dioxin, direct, docent, dotier, editor, erotic, exonic, exotic, incite, indict, indite, iodine, irenic, iridic, iritic, ironed, ironic, nitric, nitrid, noetic, nordic, norite, notice, orcein, orient, oxidic, recoin, rident, rioted, rodent, tidier, tinder, tineid, tinier, tonier, toxine, triced, trined, triode.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

Domain	Title
Books	Methods in Enzymology, Volume 359: Nitric Oxide, Part D: Oxide Detection, Mitochondria and Cell Functions, and Peroxynitrite Reactions (reference) Nitric Oxide Part B: Physiological and Pathological Processes (reference) Nitric Oxide and the Peripheral Nervous System (reference) Headache Pathogenesis: Monoamines, Neuropeptides, Purines, and Nitric Oxide (Frontiers in Headache Research, Vol. 7) (reference) Shock, Sepsis, and Organ Failure: Scavenging of Nitric Oxide and Inhibition of Its Production (reference) (more book examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Subject	Topic	Quote
Health		Nitric oxide dilates blood vessels. (references)
		One useful finding is that nitric oxide damage leaves a characteristic molecular "footprint" on cell proteins. (references)
		More recently, researchers have focused on the effects of excessive glucose metabolism on the amount of nitric oxide in nerves. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Expression	Frequency per Day
nitric oxide	448
nitric oxide supplement	18
arginine nitric oxide	8
nitric oxide synthase	7
nitric oxide pathway	4
information nitric oxide	4
l arginine nitric oxide	3
body building nitric oxide	3
analyzer nitric oxide	3
diabetes nitric oxide	3
food high in nitric oxide	3
ignarro louis nitric oxide	3
inflammation nitric oxide	3
inhaled nitric oxide	3
benefit nitric oxide	2
muscle nitric oxide	2
nitric oxide viagra	2
herbalife nitric oxide	2
inhibitor nitric oxide	2
disease nitric oxide	2
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Expressions using "nitric oxide": Nitric Oxide Donors ♦ nitric oxide synthase ♦ prompt nitric oxide. Additional references.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Nitric Oxide

Definition: Nitric Oxide

Nitric Oxide

Noun

Specialty Definitions: Nitric Oxide

Chemistry

Environment

Health

Specialty Definition: Nitric oxide

Production and environmental effects

Biological functions

External links

Crosswords: Nitric Oxide

Commercial Usage: Nitric Oxide

Books

Non-Fiction Usage: Nitric Oxide

Health

Expressions: Nitric Oxide

Frequency of Internet Keywords: Nitric Oxide

nitric oxide

nitric oxide supplement

arginine nitric oxide

nitric oxide synthase

nitric oxide pathway

information nitric oxide

l arginine nitric oxide

body building nitric oxide

analyzer nitric oxide

diabetes nitric oxide

food high in nitric oxide

ignarro louis nitric oxide

inflammation nitric oxide

inhaled nitric oxide

benefit nitric oxide

muscle nitric oxide

nitric oxide viagra

herbalife nitric oxide

inhibitor nitric oxide

disease nitric oxide

Modern Translations: Nitric Oxide

Danish

Dutch

Finnish

French

German

Greek

Hungarian

Italian

Pig Latin

Portuguese

Romanian

Russian

Spanish

Swedish

Anagrams: Nitric Oxide

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Alternative Orthography: Nitric Oxide

4E 69 74 72 69 63 4F 78 69 64 65

01001110 01101001 01110100 01110010 01101001 01100011 00100000 01001111 01111000 01101001 01100100 01100101

&#78 &#105 &#116 &#114 &#105 &#99 &#32 &#79 &#120 &#105 &#100 &#101

004E 0069 0074 0072 0069 0063 004F 0078 0069 0064 0065

48758684756924990757071

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