Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Neural

Definitions: Neural

Neural

Adjective

1. Of or relating to the nervous system; "nervous disease"; "neural disorder".

2. Of or relating to neurons; "neural network".

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "neural" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1985. (references)

Etymology: Neural \Neu"ral\, adjective. [Greek expression nerve.]. (Websters 1913)



Specialty Definitions: Neural

DomainDefinitions

Health

1. pertaining to a nerve or to the nerves. 2. situated in the region of the spinal axis, as the neutral arch. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Abbreviations & Acronyms: Neural

The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted.

EntrySourceExpressionField
NERVESEnglishInnovative Architectures for Neurocomputing Machines and VSLI Neural NetworksComputing, European Union

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Synonyms: Neural

Synonyms: nervous (adj), neuronal (adj), neuronic (adj). (additional references)

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Crosswords: Neural

English words defined with "neural": AFP, alpha fetoprotein, alpha foetoprotein, amygdala, amygdaloid nucleuscorpus amygdaloideum, corpus geniculatum laterale, corpus geniculatum medialeDavid Hubel, Dermoneural, disturbanceend-plate, engram, excitationfacilitation, facilitatory, forebrainganglion, gliahippocampus, Hubelinnervation, Interneurallateral geniculate body, limbic brain, limbic systemmass action, mass-action principle, medial geniculate body, memory trace, monoamine neurotransmitter, motor end plateNeurad, Neural arch, neural net, neural network, neural structure, neural tube, Neurapophysis, neuroanatomic, neuroanatomical, Neuro-central, neurochemical, neuroglia, neurolysin, neuromuscular, neuromuscular blocking agent, Neuropodous, Neuropore, neurotoxin, neurotropism, nucleusperturbation, piriform area, piriform lobe, prosencephalon, pyriform area, pyriform lobereflex arc, reticular formation, RFsensorineural, Spinous process of a vertebra, Supraspinousvisceral brainZygosphene. (references)
Specialty definitions using "neural": afferent nerve, AI koan, alpha-fetoprotein detection, Antigens, CD56, Anti-Obesity Agents, APUD Cells, artificial neural networkback-propagationCalcitonin Gene-Related Peptide, Calcium Channels, N-Type, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuron-Glia, Cellular Neural Network, CNN, cognitive architecture, CycDesipramineGanglionic Blockers, Ganglionic Stimulants, Genes, DCCHebbian, Herpesvirus 6, Human, Hopfield networkImage Cytometryjack inLateral Ventricles, Leprosy, Lepromatousmachine learning, McCulloch-Pitts neuron, melanoblasts, MIGRAINES, Musculoskeletal, Neural, and Ocular PhysiologyNeospora, Nerve Degeneration, net.-, Neural Crest, neural model, neural nets, Neural Pathways, Neural tube defects, Neurites, Neuroimmunomodulation, neuropharmacologyOptic Nerve Neoplasms, optical neural computerperceptive deafness, Piebaldism, Pituitary Gland, Posterior, Psychological AdaptationRespiratory Mechanicssensorineural deafness, Septal Nuclei, Single Electron Tunneling Technology, Sodium Channels, Some AI Koans, SomitesT. KohonenVasomotor System, visual pathwayWaardenburg's Syndrome, Wheat Germ Agglutinin-Horseradish Peroxidase Conjugate, Wolfram SyndromeXy-pic. (references)
Etymologies containing "neural": Epineural. (references)
Non-English Usage: "Neural" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses.

Danish (nerve-related, neural), French (neural), German (neural), Portuguese (neural), Romanian (neural), Spanish (neural).

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Commercial Usage: Neural

DomainTitle

Books

  • Neural networks and bankruptcy prediction : funds flows, accrual ratios, and accounting (reference)

  • Vertebral Morphology Alternation of Neural Spine Height and Structure in Permo-Carboniferous Tetrapods, and a Reappraisal of Primitive Modes of terres (University of California Publications in Zoology, V. 122) (reference)

  • Simulated Annealing and Boltzmann Machines: A Stochastic Approach to Combinatorial Optimization and Neural Computing (reference)

  • Manual of Neural Therapy According to Huneke: Therapy With Local Anesthetics (reference)

  • Illustrated Atlas of the Techniques of Neural Therapy With Local Anesthetics (reference)

    (more book examples)

  

Periodicals

  • Network: Computation In Neural Systems (reference)

  • Neural Parallel Scientific Computations (reference)

  • Journal Of Comparative Physiology - A Sensory Neural And Behavioral Physiology (reference)

  • Key Abstracts - Neural Networks (reference)

  • Neural Networks (reference)

    (more periodical examples)

  

Music

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Photo Album: Neural

ThumbnailDescription & CreditThumbnailDescription & Credit

Note the typical features of neuro-ocular syphilis, which includes severe optic nerve atrophy, and chorioretinitis, or inflammation of the choroidal and neural layers of the retina.Credit: CDC.

Mapping out the Neural Networks.Credit: NASA.

Outline of the subtractive RNA hybridization process to isolate and identify genes whose expression is increased by alcohol. The technique uses cultured cells (e.g., neural cells) grown in the presence or absence of alcohol.Credit: NIAA.

  

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Neural

SubjectTopicQuote

Health

Balster, R.L. Neural basis of inhalant abuse. (references)

Thomas, J, et al. Anencephaly and Other Neural Tube Defects. (references)

The extent to which these neural changes contribute to NIHL is not clear. (references)

Business

This campaign publicised the findings of a DOH expert committee, which recommended that women take folic acid supplements before conception and for the first 12 weeks of pregnancy to drastically reduce the likelihood of their baby being born with neural tube defects, such as spina bifida. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Usage Frequency: Neural

"Neural" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 96.11% of the time. "Neural" is used about 334 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Adjective (general or positive)96.11%32116,086
Noun (singular)2.1%7133,076
Noun (proper)1.2%4175,879
Unclassified Items0.3%1339,140
Noun (common)0.3%1339,140
                    Total100.00%334N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Expression: Neural

Expressions using "neural": artificial neural network cellular Neural Network neural arch Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules neural computer Neural Crest neural lymphomatosis neural model neural net neural nets neural network Neural Networks (Computer) Neural Organization Technique Neural Pathways neural structure neural tube Neural tube defects optical neural computer symmetrical neural net. Additional references.

Hyphenated Usage

Beginning with "neural": neural-driven, neural-specific, neural-tube.

Ending with "neural": non-neural.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Neural

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

neural network

366

neural tube defect

52

neural

45

neural net

40

finance network neural

35

invest network neural

35

neural network software

24

neural terapia

18

foramina neural

13

neural network tutorial

12

neural therapy

10

neural linguistic programming

10

neural tissue

9

foramen neural

8

neural crest

7

application artificial network neural

7

neural organisation therapy

6

neural plasticity

6

forecasting network neural

6

neural tubo

6
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translations: Neural

Language Translations for "neural"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Albanian

  

nervoz (edgy, excitable, fidgety, irritable, jittery, nervous, restless), nervor (nervous). (various references)

   

Arabic 

  

‏عصبي (apprehensive, edgy, fidgety, fretful, jitterbug, jumpy, nervous, nervy, neuralgic, on edge, pithy, restless, spooky, testy, up the wall, uptight). (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

нервен (edgy, fidgety, jerky, jittery, jumpy, nervous, nervy, neurotic, on edge, ratty, restless, snuffy, spooky, windy), неврален. (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

神经系统. (various references)

   

Czech

  

nervový (nervous). (various references)

   

Danish

  

neural (nerve-related). (various references)

   

Dutch

  

neuraal. (various references)

   

Finnish

  

neuroverkko (neural model, neural network, neurally inspired model), neuronipiiri (neural circuit, neuronlike circuit), neurolymfomatoosi (avian lymphomatosis, avian neurolymphomatosis, fowl paralysis, Marek's disease, neural lymphomatosis, neurolymphomatosis gallinarum), symmetrinen hermoverkko (symmetrical neural net), optinen hermoverkkotietokone (optical neural computer), muistitoimintoja välittävä hermojärjestelmä (neural system mediating memory), MD (avian lymphomatosis, avian neurolymphomatosis, fowl paralysis, Marek's disease, Moldova, neural lymphomatosis, neurolymphomatosis gallinarum, Republic of Moldova), Marekin tauti (avian lymphomatosis, avian neurolymphomatosis, fowl paralysis, Marek's disease, neural lymphomatosis, neurolymphomatosis gallinarum), keinotekoinen neuraaliverkko (artificial neural network, network of artificial neurons), hermoverkkotietokone (neural computer, neuro-computer), hermoverkkopiiri (neural circuit, neuronlike circuit), hermorata (neural pathway). (various references)

   

French

  

neural. (various references)

   

German

  

neural. (various references)

   

Greek 

  

νευρικόσ (edgy, fidgety, jerky, jittery, jumpy, nervous, nervy, petulant, self conscious). (various references)

   

Hebrew 

  

עצבי (nervous). (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

ideg- (nervous, neurotic). (various references)

   

Italian

  

neurale. (various references)

   

Japanese Kanji 

  

ニューヨーク州 (neural net, neural network, neuro-, neuro-computer, neuro-computing, neuron, new layers look, new leader, new left, new look, new realism, New Right, new roller, New York State, nimbus gray, nuance). (various references)

   

Japanese Katakana 

  

ニューラル . (various references)

   

Korean 

  

(nerve, nerves, Nervous, neuron, Neurotic). (various references)

   

Manx

  

neayragh. (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

euralnay

   

Portuguese

  

neural. (various references)

   

Romanian

  

neural. (various references)

   

Russian 

  

нервный (edgy, fussy, high-strung, jittery, jumpy, nervious, nervous, nervy, neurotic, wrought-up). (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

nervni (nervous), živčani (nervous). (various references)

   

Spanish

  

neural. (various references)

   

Swedish

  

nerv-. (various references)

   

Thai

  

เกี่ยวกับเส้นประสาทหรือระบบประสาท. (various references)

   

Turkish

  

sinirsel (neurotic), sinir (fury, nerve, nervous, pet, sinew, tantrum, temper). (various references)

   

Ukranian 

  

нервовий (high strung, highly strung, jittery, jumpy, nerval, nervous, nervy, neurotic). (various references)

   

Welsh

  

gieuol (of nerves). (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Neural

Derivations

Words beginning with "neural": neuralgia, neuralgias, neuralgic, neurally. (additional references)

Words ending with "neural": myoneural, sensorineural. (additional references)


Misspellings

"Neural" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: eural, naral, Narula, Nayral, Neacail, Nearula, necra, Neeruam, negram, neoral, Nequam, nerol, neru, Neubau, neur, neurop, neurot, Neuva, Neyra, niduari, Nirali, nueral, nural, nurle, peural, Pneupac. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Neural"

# of Phoneme MatchesPronunciationWord(s) rhyming with "neural" (pronounced nuh"rul or nyuh"rul)
4-uh" r u lintramural, mural, plural, rural.
3-r u lamoral, ancestral, antiviral, apparel, astral, aural, auroral, austral, Balmoral, barrel, Beryl, boral, Carle, Carol, carrel, cathedral, central, cerebral, choral, coral, feral, floral, gambrel, goral, immoral, imperil, integral, laurel, Loral, minstrel, mistral, mitral, moral, neutral, nostril, octahedral, oral, orchestral, peril, quarrel, scoundrel, several, Sorel, Sorrel, spiral, sterile, tetrahedral, ventral, vertebral, viral, virile.
5-y uh" r u lintramural, mural.
4-uh" r u lplural, rural.
3-r u lamoral, ancestral, antiviral, apparel, astral, aural, auroral, austral, Balmoral, barrel, Beryl, boral, Carle, Carol, carrel, cathedral, central, cerebral, choral, coral, feral, floral, gambrel, goral, immoral, imperil, integral, laurel, Loral, minstrel, mistral, mitral, moral, neutral, nostril, octahedral, oral, orchestral, peril, quarrel, scoundrel, several, Sorel, Sorrel, spiral, sterile, tetrahedral, ventral, vertebral, viral, virile.

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Neural

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Direct Anagrams: unreal.

Words within the letters "a-e-l-n-r-u"

-1 letter: learn, lunar, renal, ulnae, ulnar, ureal.

-2 letters: earl, earn, elan, lane, lean, lear, luna, lune, lure, near, nurl, rale, real, rule, rune, ulan, ulna, urea.

-3 letters: ale, ane, are, ear, eau, era, ern, lar, lea, leu, nae, ran, rue, run, urn.

-4 letters: ae, al, an, ar, el, en, er, la, na, ne, nu, re, un.

 Words containing the letters "a-e-l-n-r-u"
 

+1 letter: aleuron, flaneur, frenula, funeral, granule, launder, lucarne, lurdane, nebular, neurula, neutral, nuclear, numeral, ranulae, unclear, unlearn, unravel, venular.

 

+2 letters: aleurone, aleurons, auntlier, burnable, caruncle, cerulean, dentural, flaneurs, flaunter, fraulein, funerals, funereal, granules, inhauler, launcher, launders, lucarnes, lurdanes, mensural, neurally, neuronal, neurosal, neurulae, neurulas, neutrals, nucellar, numerals, outlearn, pendular, prunable, prunella, purslane, relaunch, retinula, revenual, ruinable, supernal, tenurial, turnable, underlap, underlay, unlearns, unlearnt, unloader, unravels, unreally, uplander, urbanely.

 

+3 letters: aleurones, antiulcer, aureoling, auslander, avirulent, burnables, calenture, carbuncle, caruncles, ceruleans, crenulate, endurable, endurably, flaunters, flauntier, frauleins, gardenful, granulate, granulite, granulose, harlequin, herculean, incurable, inhaulers, insurable, larcenous, launchers, laundered, launderer, laundress, laundries, laureling, lumberman, luminaire, menstrual, myoneural, neuralgia, neuralgic, neuroglia, neutrally, nucleator, nucleolar, numerable, numerally, numerical, outlander, outlearns, outlearnt, penumbral, prelaunch, prunellas, purslanes, reluctant, resultant, retinulae, retinular, retinulas, revaluing, roundelay, semilunar, subaltern, superlain, tellurian, tenurable, tremulant, turntable, ultrafine, unaltered, unawarely, uncleaner, unclearer, underlaid, underlain, underlaps, underlays, underplay, unearthly, unilinear, universal, unlearned, unloaders, unmanlier, unraveled, unreality, unrelated, unrelaxed, unridable, unrivaled, unsnarled, unstabler, unwarlike, uplanders, uredinial, vulnerary.

 

+4 letters: adulterant, adulterine, allurement, aneurysmal, antennular, aquaplaner, artfulness, auslanders, bladdernut, calentures, carbuncled, carbuncles, censurable, clangoured, crenulated, crunchable, enfleurage, enumerable, euryhaline, fluorinate, fraudulent, funereally, gardenfuls, granduncle, granulated, granulates, granulites, granuloses, harlequins, honourable, inarguable, incurables, interlunar, intermural, journalese, journalize, lacquering, lacustrine, lambrequin, landlubber, langlaufer, languisher, launderers, laundering, laundrette, laundrymen, laureating, laureation, laurelling, lawrencium, leaguering, lebensraum, lenticular, leprechaun, loungewear, luminaires, luminaries, luxuriance, mensurable, multirange, naturalise, naturalize, neuralgias, neurilemma, neuroglial, neuroglias, neutralise, neutralism, neutralist, neutrality, neutralize, nondurable, nonnuclear, nucleators, numberable, outgeneral, outlanders, outlearned, painfuller, peduncular, peninsular, pleasuring, prenuptial, pronuclear, prudential, quadrangle, quarreling, ravenously, refundable, regulating, regulation, relaunched, relaunches, reluctance, reluctancy, republican, resaluting, resultants, retinacula, returnable, roundelays, roundtable, rudimental, slanderous, subalterns, subcentral, subnuclear, superclean, superlunar, supernally, superplane, supplanter, suprarenal, tarantulae, tentacular, tenurially, tourmaline, tranquiler, transvalue, turntables, ulcerating, ulceration, ultraclean, ultradense, unarguable, unbearable, unbearably, unburnable, unclearest, undeclared, underclass, underglaze, underplays, undervalue, unenlarged, ungainlier, ungraceful, ungrateful, unheralded, unicameral, unilateral, universals, unlearning, unliterary, unmannerly, unprovable, unraveling, unravelled, unreadable, unrealized, unreliable, unrevealed, unrivalled, unsalaried, unscramble, untraveled, unwearable, unworkable, urinalyses, urogenital, vernacular, vulcanizer, vulnerable, vulnerably, wanderlust.

 

+5 letters: adulterants, allurements, anticruelty, antinuclear, aquaplaners, arenicolous, belabouring, bladdernuts, cancerously, candelabrum, carefulness, cavernously, centrifugal, conjectural, construable, counterplan, counterplay, counterplea, countervail, crenulation, curableness, curtailment, curtainless, curvilinear, dangerously, delusionary, denumerable, denumerably, durableness, elutriating, elutriation, enfleurages, entablature, equiangular, equilibrant, exuberantly, faultfinder, fearfulness, fluorinated, fluorinates, fortunately, fraudulence, gradualness, granduncles, granulocyte, harmfulness, hibernacula, homonuclear, innumerable, innumerably, inscrutable, insuperable, insuperably, interannual, interlunary, intersexual, involucrate, journaleses, journalized, journalizer, journalizes, lambrequins, landlubbers, langlaufers, languishers, larcenously, launderette, laundresses, laundrettes, laureations, lawrenciums, lebensraums, leprechauns, luxuriances, macronuclei, mononuclear, nailbrushes, naturalised, naturalises, naturalized, naturalizes, naturalness, nefariously, neurilemmal, neurilemmas, neurulation, neutralised, neutralises, neutralisms, neutralists, neutralized, neutralizer, neutralizes, neutralness, nonburnable, noncellular, nondurables, nonreusable, numerically, outgenerals, outlearning, overhauling, overvaluing, pastureland, pecuniarily, pelargonium, planetarium, polynuclear, quadrangles, quadrennial, quarrelling, quaveringly, radiolucent, rectangular, reductional, redundantly, regulations, reinoculate, relaunching, reluctances, reluctantly, reluctating, reluctation, republicans, repugnantly, resultantly, retinaculum, returnables, revaluating, revaluation, roundtables, seigneurial, semidiurnal, seminatural, singularize, strangulate, subinterval, subregional, subterminal, superaltern, superlunary, supernormal, superplanes, supplanters, suprarenals, surveillant, tearfulness, thankfuller, thunderclap, tourmalines, tranquilest, tranquilize, tranquiller, translucent, transsexual, transvalued, transvalues, triangulate, ulcerations, ultramarine, ultramodern, umbrellaing, unalterable, unalterably, unbreakable, uncertainly, unclarified, unclarities, uncrossable, uncrushable, underglazes, underlapped, underlaying, underplayed, undervalued, undervalues, undesirable, undesirably, undrinkable, unelaborate, unempirical, unendurable, unendurably, unfaltering, unfavorable, ungraspable, unguardedly, unhealthier, unicellular, unignorable, uninsurable, uniparental, universally, unlaundered, unlearnable, unliberated, unmemorable, unmemorably, unpolarized, unprintable, unravelling, unreachable, unrealistic, unrealities, unreclaimed, unregulated, unreluctant, unremovable, unscrambled, unscrambler, unscrambles, untraceable, untrammeled, unutterable, unutterably, unweariedly, unworkables, ventricular, vernaculars, voluntaries, vulcanizers, vulneraries, wanderlusts.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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Alternative Orthography: Neural


Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

4E 65 75 72 61 6C

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)

=

Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)

Braille (1829, in France) (references)

Morse Code (1836) (references)

-.    .    ..-    .-.    .-    .-..

Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01001110 01100101 01110101 01110010 01100001 01101100

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#78 &#101 &#117 &#114 &#97 &#108

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

004E 0065 0075 0072 0061 006C

British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

487187846778

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Commercial
5. Images: Photo Album
6. Quotations: Non-fiction
7. Usage Frequency
8. Expressions
9. Expressions: Internet
10. Translations: Modern
11. Abbreviations
12. Acronyms
13. Derivations
14. Rhymes
15. Anagrams
16. Orthography
17. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.