Nervous System

  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Nervous System

Definition: Nervous System

Nervous System

Noun

1. The sensory and control apparatus consisting of a network of nerve cells.

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 



Specialty Definitions: Nervous System

DomainDefinitions

Medicine

The entire nerve apparatus composed of the brain, spinal cord, nerves and ganglia. Source: European Union. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top     

Specialty Definition: Nervous system

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

The nervous system of an animal coordinates muscle movement, monitors the organss, constructs and processes impressions from the senses, and initiates actions. In animals with brains, it also generates and conducts thoughts and emotions. Thus it is the system that animates "animals" (sponges are an exception). Chemicals that target the activity of nerves generally are the most rapidly acting toxins, typically causing paralysis and/or death.

The nervous system consists basically of two types of cells:

Neurons are the primary cells of the nervous system, in that they more or less independently conduct the system's moment-to-moment activities, whereas glia play what at least appears to be a more supporting role, such as nourishment and structural support.

Rapid signalling within the nervous system occurs by two primary mechanisms:

For heuristic and other purposes, the vertebrate nervous systems are often divided into a central (CNS) and a peripheral nervous systemss (PNS). In addition, within in the CNS, is the brain and spinal cord. Furthermore, within the PNS, are sensory pathways and motor pathways, in which, within the motor pathways is the somatic (voluntary) nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The somatic nervous system is the voluntary part of the nervous where it coordinates the movement such as posture and walking. The autonomic nervous system is the involuntary part of the nervous system where all of the internal maintenance is taken care of. The autonomic nervous sytem is then divided into the sympathetic division and parasympathetic division. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the excitment that a person feel due to the increase of heartbeat. The parasympathetic nervous system on the other hand, is the opposite of the sympathetic nervous system. This system is in play when a person is resting and feels relaxed due to the slowing down of the heartbeat.

Nervous system diversity

The nervous system varies greatly among living animals. Cnidarians, such as sea anemones and jellies, have a nerve net, in which the activation of any one neuron triggers a wave of activation across the entire network. These waves are both afferent and efferent, representing both the sensation of chemicals or touch as well as the stimulus of the animals' reflexive mechanical response.The worms and flukes of the phylum platyhelminthes possess a network of nerves that operates like a more conventional nervous system, but lack a brain. Annelid worms and tunicates have a primitive brain called a ganglionic mass, which is a bundle of several nerves. Based in part on commonalities in embryonic development among all chordates, the tunicate brain is believed to resemble the evolutionary precursor of the vertebrate brainstem.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Nervous system."

Top     

Synonym: Nervous System

Synonym: systema nervosum (n). (additional references)

Top     

 

.

Crosswords: Nervous System

English words defined with "nervous system": autonomic nervous systemcentral nervous systemperipheral nervous system. (references)
Specialty definitions using "nervous system": 2-Chloroadenosine3-Iodobenzylguanidineafferent nerve, Alchemical Synergy, Alcohol-Induced Disorders, Nervous System, Amino Acid Neurotransmitters, Amphetamines, Amyloid beta-Protein, Anesthetics, Local, Angiostrongylus, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic, Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System, Autonomic Agents, Autonomic Denervation, Autonomic Dysreflexia, Autonomic Pathways, AxotomyBaroreflex, Batten-Mayou, Batten-Mayou disease, Batten-Mayou syndrome, Benserazide, Berger symptom, Berger's sign, Bladder, Neurogenic, Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, Brain Neoplasms, brystkrampecaisson sickness, Calcineurin, Calcium Channels, T-Type, Carbidopa, Carbohydrate-Deficient Glycoprotein Syndrome, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal, Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections, Central Nervous System Cysts, Central Nervous System Depressants, Central Nervous System Diseases, Central Nervous System Helminthiasis, Central Nervous System Neoplasms, Central Nervous System Parasitic Infections, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations, Central Nervous System Viral Diseases, cerebellopontine, Chemoreceptors, Chlorquinaldol, Cholecystokinin, Cholesteatoma, Chromaffin Cells, Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor, Clozapine, CNS metastases, CNS prophylaxis, CNS tumors, compressed air disease, compressed air illness, cow madness, Crack Cocainedecompression illness, Demyelinating Diseases, Dextroamphetamine, Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological, diaziquone, Dynorphinsebullism, eeg technologis, efferent nerve, ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIST, Enteric Nervous System, Evoked PotentialsGalanthamine, Ganglia, Autonomic, Ganglia, Parasympathetic, Ganglia, Sensory, Ganglia, Sympathetic, Gangliosidoses GM2, Gastrins, Genetics, Behavioral, glial tumors, Glucocorticoids, GuanfacineHamartoma Syndrome, Multiple, Hearing Loss, Central, Heavy Metal Poisoning, Nervous System, Hereditary Central Nervous System Demyelinating Diseases, Heredodegenerative Disorders, Nervous System, heterotopic pain, Histamine H1 Antagonists, Histamine H2 Antagonists, Hypereosinophilic Syndrome, Hypoxanthine PhosphoribosyltransferaseImmunodeficiency Virus, Bovine, Incontinentia PigmentiKassininlead palsy, lead paralysis, Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Leukemic Infiltration. (references)

Top     

Modern Usage: Nervous System

DomainUsage

Screenplays

A twinge at the small of your back as the poison seizes your nervous system - (The Rock; writing credit: David Weisberg; Douglas Cook)

Movie/TV Titles

Drugs and the Nervous System (1972)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top     

Commercial Usage: Nervous System

DomainTitle

Books

  • The Role of Adenosine in the Nervous System (reference)

  • Axonal Regeneration in the Central Nervous System (reference)

  • Growth and Regeneration of Axons in the Nervous System (reference)

  • Oncology Overviews: Selected Abstracts on Biological Markers of Central Nervous System Neoplasms (reference)

  • The Cellular Basis of Central Nervous System Hiv-1 Infection and the AIDS Dementia Complex (reference)

    (more book examples)

  

Periodicals

  • Pain And Central Nervous System Week - Incls Free Email Service (reference)

    (more periodical examples)

  

Theater & Movies

  • Just the Facts: The Human Body - The Nervous System (reference)

    (more DVD examples; more video examples)

  

Music

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top     

Image Slideshow: Nervous System

Illustrations:
Nervous System

More images...

Top     

Photo Album: Nervous System

ThumbnailDescription & CreditThumbnailDescription & Credit

Shown is a microscopic view of ganglioneuroblastoma, which is a growth on ganglia in the nervous system. Magnified X25. (S91-2171).Credit: Unknown photographer/artist.

This photomicrograph reveals central nervous system syphilis, causing general paresis, or paretic neurosyphilis. Numerous treponemes can be identified using silver impregnation technique; magnification 950X.Credit: CDC.

Salmonella septicemia has been associated with subsequent infection of virtually every organ system, and the nervous system is no exception. Here we see an acute inflammatory encephalitis due to S. typhi bacteria.Credit: CDC.

The poliovirus lives in the human pharynx and intestinal tract. Poliomyelitis is an acute infection that involves the gastrointestinal tract and, occasionally, the central nervous system. It is acquired by fecal-oral transmission.Credit: CDC.

Pulmonary disease common symptoms are fever, cough, and chest pain; for central nervous system disease symptoms are usually headache, lethargy, confusion, seizures, and sudden onset of neurologic deficit.Credit: CDC.

[A child with kuru, a fatal nervous system disorder] / WHO photo.Credit: National Library of Medicine.

[Children with kuru, a fatal nervous system disorder] / WHO photo.Credit: National Library of Medicine.

National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke : Exploring the Brain, the Nervous System, and the Senses of Communication / Robert J. Demarest.Credit: National Library of Medicine.

The Nervous System / Engraved and printed by W. and A.K. Johnston.Credit: National Library of Medicine.

  

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top     

Use in Literature: Nervous System

TitleAuthorQuote

Les Miserables

Hugo, Victor

It is her time of life, and then the nervous system has something to do with it.

Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

Joyce, James

Our flesh shrinks from what it dreads and responds to the stimulus of what it desires by a purely reflex action of the nervous system.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Top     

Non-Fiction Usage: Nervous System

SubjectTopicQuote

Health

The nervous system helps direct body movements. (references)

As the child gets older, the nervous system develops. (references)

Methylphenidate is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant. (references)

Business

Approximately 265,000 deaths were registered in 1997. The primary causes of mortality include heart and coronary diseases (28.6 percent); malignant tumors (19.2 percent); cerebrovascular diseases (8.5 percent); accidents (3.6 percent); blood disorders (4.1 percent); pneumonia and influenza (3.4 percent); nervous system disorders (2.0 percent); infections (1.8 percent); and other causes (28.9 percent). (references)

Economic History

Israel

U.S. beef is licensed for bone-in sales but products from the central nervous system are banned. (references)

Ireland

The four leading therapy areas are cardiovascular system - 21 per cent, central nervous system - 18 per cent, alimentary/metabolism - 18 per cent and respiratory -11 per cent. (references)

Japan

Japan's aging population is generating increased demand for pharmaceutical treatments for problems of cardiovascular, central nervous system, digestive system, diabetes mellitus, etc. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Top     

Expressions: Nervous System

Expressions using "nervous system": Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System autonomic nervous system Autonomic Nervous System Diseases central nervous system Central Nervous System Agents Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections Central Nervous System Cysts Central Nervous System Depressants Central Nervous System Diseases Central Nervous System Fungal Infections Central Nervous System Helminthiasis Central Nervous System Infections Central Nervous System Neoplasms Central Nervous System Parasitic Infections Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections Central Nervous System Stimulants Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations Central Nervous System Venous Angioma Central Nervous System Viral Diseases Enteric Nervous System Hereditary Central Nervous System Demyelinating Diseases Nervous System Diseases Nervous System Malformations Nervous System Neoplasms Nervous System Physiology Parasympathetic Nervous System peripheral nervous system Peripheral Nervous System Agents Peripheral Nervous System Diseases Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms primary central nervous system lymphoma Sympathetic Nervous System the nervous system. Additional references.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top     

Frequency of Internet Keywords: Nervous System

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

nervous system

994

central nervous system

202

autonomic nervous system

95

nervous system picture

78

the human nervous system

75

nervous system disease

59

sympathetic nervous system

58

peripheral nervous system

54

diagram of nervous system

40

nervous system disorder

30

nervous system function

23

frog nervous system

20

parasympathetic nervous system

17

information on the nervous system

16

nervous system anatomy

16

brain nervous system

14

somatic nervous system

13

picture of central nervous system

11

part of the nervous system

9

kid nervous system

9
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top     

Modern Translations: Nervous System

Language Translations for "nervous system"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Czech

  

nervový systém. (various references)

   

Danish

  

nervesystemet. (various references)

   

Dutch

  

zenuwstelsel. (various references)

   

Finnish

  

hermosto. (various references)

   

French

  

système nerveux. (various references)

   

German

  

nervensystem. (various references)

   

Greek 

  

νευρικό σύστημα (neural network). (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

idegrendszer. (various references)

   

Italian

  

nervatura (branch, crimping, nervation, nerves, plain rib, rib, ribbing, ribs, rolling, strengthening rib, veining, web, web of beam, web of rail, wing rib), sistema nervoso. (various references)

   

Japanese Kanji 

  

神経系 . (various references)

   

Japanese Katakana 

  

し"けいけい. (various references)

   

Manx

  

corys nearag. (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

ervousnay ystemsay

   

Portuguese

  

crise nervosa (i). (various references)

   

Romanian

  

sistem nervos (nerves). (various references)

   

Russian 

  

нервная система. (various references)

   

Spanish

  

sistema nervioso. (various references)

   

Swedish

  

perifera nervsystemet (being branched from the central nervous system into all parts of the organism, peripheral nervous system, the part of the nervous system composed of nerves and ganglia), autonoma nervsystemet (autonomic nervous system). (various references)

   

Thai

  

ระบบประสาท. (various references)

   

Turkish

  

sinir sistemi. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

Top     

Misspellings: Nervous System

Misspellings

"Nervous System" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: nervos system, nervos systom, nevous system. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

Top     

Anagrams: Nervous System

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Words within the letters "e-e-m-n-o-r-s-s-s-t-u-v-y"

-3 letters: evonymuses, rousements.

-4 letters: muensters, oestruses, outserves, overtness, oystermen, rousement, somersets, vestrymen, votresses.

-5 letters: estovers, estrones, estruses, evonymus, mestesos, moneyers, monsters, mounters, muenster, munsters, muteness, neuroses, nostrums, oestrums, outserve, oversets, overuses, remounts, routemen, somerset, soreness, sourness, stemsons, stenoses, sternums, strumose, styrenes, sureness, tenesmus, tonsures, tourneys, trueness, tussores, unstress, venomers, ventures, vestures.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

Top     

Alternative Orthography: Nervous System


Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

4E 65 72 76 6F 75 73      53 79 73 74 65 6D

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

    

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01001110 01100101 01110010 01110110 01101111 01110101 01110011 00100000 01010011 01111001 01110011 01110100 01100101 01101101

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#78 &#101 &#114 &#118 &#111 &#117 &#115 &#32 &#83 &#121 &#115 &#116 &#101 &#109

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

004E 0065 0072 0076 006F 0075 0073      0053 0079 0073 0074 0065 006D

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

487184888187852539185867179

Top     

 

INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Modern
5. Usage: Commercial
6. Images: Slideshow
7. Images: Photo Album
8. Quotations: Fiction
9. Quotations: Non-fiction
10. Expressions
11. Expressions: Internet
12. Translations: Modern
13. Derivations
14. Anagrams
15. Orthography
16. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.