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Definition: More |
MoreAdjective1. (comparative of `much' used with mass nouns) quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree; "more land"; "more support"; "more rain fell"; "more than a gallon". 2. (comparative of `many' used with count nouns) quantifier meaning greater in number; "a hall with more seats"; "we have no more bananas"; "more than one". 3. Existing or coming by way of addition; "an additional problem"; "further information"; "there will be further delays"; "took more time". Adverb1. Used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs; "more interesting"; "more beautiful"; "more quickly". 2. Comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent; "he works more now"; "they eat more than they should". Noun1. English statesman who opposed Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Aragon and was imprisoned and beheaded; recalled for his concept of Utopia, the ideal state. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "more" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
Note: More \More\, a., compar. [Positive wanting; superlative Most.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Satire | MORE, adj. The comparative degree of too much. Source: Devil's Dictionary. |
Literature | More To be no more. To exist no longer; to be dead. "Cassius is no more." Shakespeare: Julius Caesar. Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Tips from 1870 | Usage: Worse, More. "He dislikes arithmetic worse than grammar." Use more instead of worse. Source: Slips of Speech. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Cardiology is the branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the heart and blood vessels. The human heart is a complex organ, consisting of two ventricles and two atria. Coronary arteries feed the heart the blood it needs to sustain itself.
Important diseases of the heart:
Important symptoms:
- Acute myocardial infarction (heart attack)
- Angina
- Coronary heart disease
- Cardiac arrest
- Cardiac arrhythmias
- Cardiomyopathy
- Congenital heart defects
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Endocarditis
- Heart failure
- Ischaemic heart disease
- Myocarditis
- Rheumatic heart disease
- Valvular heart disease
See also: Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures.
- Heart murmur
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Cardiology."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In anatomy of the digestive system, the colon is the part of the intestine from the cecum to the rectum. Its primary purpose is to extract water from feces. In mammals, it consists of the ascending colon on the right side, the transverse colon, the descending colon on the left side, the sigmoid colon, and the rectum.
Diseases of the colon
- angiodysplasia of the colon
- colon cancer
- Crohns disease
- diarrhea
- diverticulitis
- Hirschsprung's disease (aganglionosis)
- infective colitis
- polyposis
- pseudomembranous enterocolitis
- ulcerative colitis and toxic megacolon
Role in digesion
The large intestine comes after the small intestine in the digestive track. Although there are differences in the large intestine between different organisms but the large intesting is mainly responsible for storing waste and reclaiming water and maintaining water balance.By the time the chyme has reached this tube, almost all nutrients have been absorbed by the body and only water and some electrolytes like sodium and chloride are left. The chyme would move though the intestine and would ge dehydrated, mixed with mucus and bacteria, and would become feces. It is important to know that the large intestine produces no digestive enzymes and that the chemical digestion is completed in the small intestine before the chyme reaches the large intestine.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Colon (anatomy)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
There are separate pages about "The Culture" in the novels of Iain M. Banks and about the sociological term "Cultural Creatives". Another one is about the Jamaican reggae group; see Culture (band).
The word culture comes from the Latin root colere, to inhabit, cultivate, or honor. In general it refers to human activity; different definitions of culture reflect different theories for understanding, or criteria for valuing, human activity. In 1952 Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn compiled a list of over 200 different definitions of culture in their book, Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions.
The popular use of the word culture in many Western societies reflects the fact that these societies are stratified. Many use the word culture to refer to elite consumption goods and activities such as fine cuisine, art, and music. Some label this as "high" culture to distinguish it from "low" culture, meaning non-elite consumption goods and activities.
18th and early 19th century scholars, and many people today, often identified culture with "civilization" and opposed both to "nature." Thus, people lacking elements of "high culture" were often considered to be more "natural," and elements of high culture were often criticized, or defended, for repressing human nature.
By the late nineteenth century, anthropologists argued for a broader definition of culture that they could apply to a wide variety of societies, they began to argue that culture is human nature, and is rooted in the universal human capacity to classify experiences, and encode and communicate them symbolically. Consequently, people living apart from one another develop unique cultures, but elements of different cultures can easily spread from one group of people to another. Anthropologists have thus had to develop methodologically and theoretically useful definitions of the word. Technically, anthropologists distinguish between material culture and symbolic culture, not only because each reflects different kinds of human activity but because they consitute different kinds of data that require different methodologies. As a rule, archeologists focus on material culture, and cultural anthropologists focus on symbolic culture, although ultimately both groups are interested in the relationship between these two dimensions. Moreover, anthropologists understand "culture" to refer not only to consumption goods, but to the general processes by which such goods are produced and given meaning, and the social relationships and practices in which such objects and processes are embedded.
In the early twentieth century anthropologists understood culture to refer not to a set of discrete products or activities (whether material or symbolic) but rather to underlying patterns of products and activities. Moreover, they assumed that such patterns were clearly bounded (thus, some people confuse "culture" for the society that has a particular culture). In smaller societies in which people were divided by age, gender, household, and descent group, anthropologists believed that people more or less shared the same set of values and conventions. In larger societies in which people were further divided by region, race or ethnicity, and class, they believed that members of the same society often had highly contrasting values and conventions. They thus used the term subculture to identify the cultures of parts of larger societies. Since subcultures reflect the position of a segment of society vis a vis other segments and the society as a whole, they often reveal processes of domination and resistance.
Cultural studies developed in the late 20th century, in part through the reintroduction of Marxist thought in sociology, and in part through the articulation of sociology and other academic disciplines such as literary criticism, in order to focus on the analysis of subcultures in capitalist societies. Following the non-anthropological tradition, cultural studies generally focus on the study of consumption goods (such as fashion, art, and literature). Because the 18th and 19th century distinction between "high" and "low" culture is not appropriate to the mass-produced and mass-marketed consumption goods with which cultural studies is concerned, these scholars refer instead to popular culture.
Today some anthropologists have joined the project of cultural studies. Most, however, reject the identification of culture with consumption goods. Furthermore, many now reject the notion of culture as bounded, and consequently reject the notion of subculture. Instead, they see culture as a complex web of shifting patterns that link people in different locales, and link social formations of different scales.
(see Culture theory, Culture jamming)
Culture of countries
- Albania
- Australia
- Belgium
- Canada
- Chile
- China
- Denmark
- Egypt
- France
- India
- Japan
- Korea
- Netherlands
- New Zealand
- Pakistan
- Peru
- United Kingdom
- United States
- Wales
Other cultures
See also:
- Assyro-Babylonian culture
- Cassette culture
- Cemetery H culture
- Culture and politics of Toronto
- Culture of Stockholm
- Culture of Sydney
- Culture of the Maori
- Dominator culture
- Esperanto culture
- European Capital of Culture
- European City of Culture
- Hacker culture
- House of Culture Incident
- Indus Valley Culture
- La Tene culture
- Natufian culture
- Political Culture of Canada
- Political culture of Quebec
- Queer culture
- Underground culture
- Warsaw Palace of Culture
- Weimar Culture
- World Values Survey
Quotations
- "Culture is the sum of all the forms of art, of love and of thought, which, in the course of centuries, have enabled man to be less enslaved", Andre Malraux
- "When two cultures collide is the only time when true suffering exists", Hermann Hesse
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Culture."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
This is a list of major and frequently observed neurological disorders (e.g. Alzheimer's disease), symptoms (e.g.back pain), signs (e.g. aphasia) and syndromes (e.g. Aicardi syndrome).A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
A
- Acquired Epileptiform Aphasia
- Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
- Adrenoleukodystrophy
- Agenesis of the corpus callosum
- Agnosia
- Aicardi syndrome
- Alexander disease
- Alpers' disease
- Alternating hemiplegia
- Alzheimer's disease
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (see Motor Neurone Disease)
- Anencephaly
- Angelman syndrome
- Angiomatosis
- Anoxia
- Aphasia
- Apraxia
- Arachnoid Cysts
- Arachnoiditis
- Arnold-Chiari malformation
- Arteriovenous malformation
- Asperger syndrome
- Ataxia Telangiectasia
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Autism
- Autonomic Dysfunction
B
- Back Pain
- Batten disease
- Behcet's disease
- Bell's palsy
- Benign Essential Blepharospasm
- Benign Focal Amyotrophy
- Benign Intracranial Hypertension
- Binswanger's disease
- Blepharospasm
- Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome
- Brachial plexus injury
- Brain abscess
- Brain injury
- Brain tumor
- Spinal tumor
- Brown-Sequard syndrome
C
- Canavan disease
- Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
- Causalgia
- Central pain syndrome
- Central pontine myelinolysis
- Cephalic disorder
- Cerebral aneurysm
- Cerebral arteriosclerosis
- Cerebral atrophy
- Cerebral gigantism
- Cerebral palsy
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
- Chiari malformation
- Chorea
- Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)
- Chronic pain
- Chronic regional pain syndrome
- Coffin Lowry syndrome
- Coma, including Persistent Vegetative State
- Congenital facial diplegia
- Corticobasal degeneration
- Cranial arteritis
- Craniosynostosis
- Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
- Cumulative trauma disorders
- Cushing's syndrome
- Cytomegalic inclusion body disease (CIBD)
- Cytomegalovirus Infection
D
- Dancing eyes-dancing feet syndrome
- Dandy-Walker syndrome
- Dawson disease
- De Morsier's syndrome
- Dejerine-Klumpke palsy
- Dementia
- Dermatomyositis
- Diabetic neuropathy
- Diffuse sclerosis
- Dysautonomia
- Dysgraphia
- Dyslexia
- Dystonias
E
- Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy
- Empty sella syndrome
- Encephalitis
- Encephaloceles
- Encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis
- Epilepsy
- Erb's palsy
- Essential tremor
F
- Fabry's disease
- Fahr's syndrome
- Fainting
- Familial spastic paralysis
- Febrile seizures
- Fisher syndrome
- Friedreich's ataxia
G
- Gaucher's disease
- Gerstmann's syndrome
- Giant cell arteritis
- Giant cell inclusion disease
- Globoid cell Leukodystrophy
- Guillain-Barre syndrome
H
- HTLV-1 associated myelopathy
- Hallervorden-Spatz disease
- Head injury
- Headache
- Hemifacial Spasm
- Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia
- Heredopathia atactica polyneuritiformis
- Herpes zoster oticus
- Herpes zoster
- Hirayama syndrome
- Holoprosencephaly
- Huntington's disease
- Hydranencephaly
- Hydrocephalus
- Hypercortisolism
- Hypoxia
I
- Immune-Mediated encephalomyelitis
- Inclusion body myositis
- Incontinentia pigmenti
- Infantile phytanic acid storage disease
- Infantile Refsum disease
- Infantile spasms
- Inflammatory myopathy
- Intracranial cyst
- Intracranial hypertension
J
- Joubert syndrome
K
- Kearns-Sayre syndrome
- Kennedy disease
- Kinsbourne syndrome
- Klippel Feil syndrome
- Krabbe disease
- Kugelberg-Welander disease
- Kuru
L
- Lafora disease
- Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
- Landau-Kleffner syndrome
- Lateral medullary (Wallenberg) syndrome
- Learning disabilities
- Leigh's disease
- Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
- Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
- Leukodystrophy
- Lewy body dementia
- Lissencephaly
- Locked-In syndrome
- Lou Gehrig's disease (See Motor Neurone Disease)
- Lumbar disc disease
- Lyme disease - Neurological Sequelae
M
- Machado-Joseph disease
- Macrencephaly
- Megalencephaly
- Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome
- Menieres disease
- Meningitis
- Menkes disease
- Metachromatic leukodystrophy
- Microcephaly
- Migraine
- Miller Fisher syndrome
- Mini-Strokes
- Mitochondrial Myopathies
- Mobius syndrome
- Monomelic amyotrophy
- Motor Neurone Disease
- Moyamoya disease
- Mucopolysaccharidoses
- Multi-Infarct Dementia
- Multifocal motor neuropathy
- Multiple sclerosis
- Multiple system atrophy with postural hypotension
- Muscular dystrophy
- Myasthenia gravis
- Myelinoclastic diffuse sclerosis
- Myoclonic encephalopathy of infants
- Myoclonus
- Myopathy
- Myotonia congenita
N
- Narcolepsy
- Neurofibromatosis
- Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
- Neurological manifestations of AIDS
- Neurological sequelae of lupus
- Neuromyotonia
- Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis
- Neuronal migration disorders
- Niemann-Pick disease
O
- O'Sullivan-McLeod syndrome
- Occipital Neuralgia
- Occult Spinal Dysraphism Sequence
- Ohtahara syndrome
- Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy
- Opsoclonus Myoclonus
- Optic neuritis
- Orthostatic Hypotension
- Overuse syndrome
P
- Paresthesia
- Parkinson's disease
- Paramyotonia Congenita
- Paraneoplastic diseases
- Paroxysmal attacks
- Parry Romberg syndrome
- Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease
- Periodic Paralyses
- Peripheral Neuropathy
- Persistent Vegetative State
- Pervasive developmental disorders
- Photic sneeze reflex
- Phytanic Acid Storage disease
- Pick's disease
- Pinched Nerve
- Pituitary Tumors
- Polymyositis
- Porencephaly
- Post-Polio syndrome
- Postherpetic Neuralgia (PHN)
- Postinfectious Encephalomyelitis
- Postural Hypotension
- Prader-Willi syndrome
- Primary Lateral Sclerosis
- Prion diseases
- Progressive Hemifacial Atrophy
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
- Progressive Sclerosing Poliodystrophy
- Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
- Pseudotumor cerebri
Q
R
- Ramsay-Hunt syndrome (Type I and Type II)
- Rasmussen's Encephalitis
- Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy syndrome
- Refsum disease
- Repetitive Motion Disorders
- Repetitive Stress Injuries
- Restless Legs syndrome
- Retrovirus-Associated Myelopathy
- Rett syndrome
- Reye's syndrome
S
- Saint Vitus Dance
- Sandhoff disease
- Schilder's disease
- Schizencephaly
- Septo-Optic Dysplasia
- Shaken Baby syndrome
- Shingles
- Shy-Drager syndrome
- Sjogren's syndrome
- Sleep Apnea
- Soto's syndrome
- Spasticity
- Spina bifida
- Spinal cord injury
- Spinal cord tumors
- Spinal Muscular Atrophy
- Stiff-Person syndrome
- Stroke
- Sturge-Weber syndrome
- Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
- Subcortical Arteriosclerotic Encephalopathy
- Sydenham Chorea
- Syncope
- Syringomyelia
T
- Tardive Dyskinesia
- Tay-Sachs disease
- Temporal arteritis
- Tethered Spinal Cord syndrome
- Thomsen disease
- Thoracic Outlet syndrome
- Tic Douloureux
- Todd's Paralysis
- Tourette syndrome
- Transient ischemic attack
- Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies
- Transverse myelitis
- Traumatic Brain injury
- Tremor
- Trigeminal Neuralgia
- Tropical Spastic Paraparesis
- Tuberous Sclerosis
U
- Vasculitis including Temporal Arteritis
- Von Hippel-Lindau Disease (VHL)
V
W
- Wallenberg's syndrome
- Werdnig-Hoffman disease
- West syndrome
- Whiplash
- Williams syndrome
- Wilson's disease
X
Y
Z
The original version of this list is from the NIH public domain source at http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorders/
- Zellweger syndrome
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "List of neurological disorders."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The liver is an organ in vertebrates including humans. It plays a major role in metabolism and has a number of functions in the body including detoxification, glycogen storage and plasma protein synthesis. It also produces bile which is important for digestion. Medical terms related to the liver often start in hepato- or hepatic from the Greek word hepar for "liver".
The adult human liver normally weighs between 1.0 - 2.5 kilograms, and is a soft, reddish-brown "wedge-shaped" organ. It is the largest organ in the abdomen and sits immediately under the diaphragm on the right side of the upper abdomen. The gallbladder lies beneath the liver. The right kidney lies below the liver.
Human liver, view from above View from below The liver is supplied by two blood supplies - by the hepatic artery and by the portal vein. The hepatic artery normally comes off the celiac trunk. The portal vein brings venous blood from the digestive tract, so that the liver can process the nutrients and toxins extracted from food. The hepatic veins drain directly into the inferior vena cava.
The bile produced in the liver is collected in bile capillaries which merge to form bile ducts. These eventually drain into two large bile ducts which in turn merge to form the common bile duct. The bile then either drains directly into the duodenum via the common bile duct or is temporarily stored in the gallbladder via the cystic duct.
Apart from a patch where it connects to the diaphragm, the liver is covered entirely by visceral peritoneum, a thin, double-layered membrane that reduces friction against other organs. This peritoneum thickens into so-called ligaments, which hold the liver in place.
Anatomical lobes
One of these ligaments, the falciform ligament, is visible on the front (anterior side) of the liver. This divides the liver into a left anatomical lobe, and a right anatomical lobe.If the liver is flipped over, to look at it from behind (the visceral surface), there are two additional lobes between the right and left. These are the caudate lobe (the more superior), and below this the quadrate lobe.
From behind, the lobes are divided up by the ligamentum venosum and ligamentum teres (anything left of these is the left lobe), the transverse fissure (or porta hepatis) divides the caudate from the quadrate lobe, and the right sagittal fossa, which the inferior vena cava runs over, separates these two lobes from the right lobe.
Functional lobes
The blood supply does not follow the same pattern as the anatomical lobes. The left and right branches of the portal vein and hepatic artery, as well as the left and right hepatic ducts, are divided slightly differently.The functional lobes are divided along the line of the inferior vena cava. Each half is supplied by a different division of an artery. These functional lobes are further divided into segments, four on each, giving a total of eight numbered segments of the liver.
Ligaments and impressions
- to be filled in
Functions of the liver
The various functions of the liver are carried out by the liver cells or hepatocytes.
- produces and excretes bile required for food digestion. Some of the bile drains directly into the duodenum, some is stored in the gallbladder.
- roles in carbohydrate metabolism:
- 'gluconeogenesis' (the formation of glucose out of proteins)
- 'glycogenolysis' (the formation of glucose out of glycogen)
- 'glycogenosynthesis' (the formation of glycogen out of glucose)
- break down insulin and other hormones
- roles in lipid metabolism:
- cholesterol synthesis
- production of triglycerides
- production of coagulation factors (I (fibrinogen) III V VII IX and XI)
- neutralization of toxins, most medicinal products and hemoglobin
- conversion of ammonia into urea
- storage of a multitude of substances, including glucose in the form of glycogen, vitamin B12, iron, copper
- In the first trimester fetus, the liver is the main site of red blood cell production. By the 42nd week of gestation, the bone marrow has almost completely taken over that task.
Disorders of the liver
Many diseases of the liver are accompanied by jaundice caused by increased levels of bilirubin in the system. The bilirubin results from the breakup of the hemoglobin of dead red blood cells; normally, the liver removes bilirubin from the blood and excretes it through bile.
A number of liver function tests are available to test the proper function of the liver.
- Viral hepatitis, infections of the liver by various viruses.
- Cirrhosis is the formation of fibrous tissue in the liver, replacing dead liver cells. The death of the liver cells can for example be caused by alcoholism or other toxins, or hepatitis
- Primary biliary cirrhosis
- Hemochromatosis, a hereditary disease causing the accumulation of iron in the body, eventually leading to liver damage
- Cancer of the liver (primary hepatocellular carcinoma or cholangiocarcinoma and metastatic)
- Wilson's disease, a hereditary disease which causes the body to retain copper
Liver transplantation
Damaged livers often regenerate on their own. When they do not, the nonfunctioning liver can be surgically replaced. Livers for transplant can be taken either from new cadavers or from live donors. In the latter case, the donor has surgery to remove part of his or her liver, which is transplanted into the recipient. Normally, each half regenerates into a complete, functional liver. (There have been rare cases of the donors dying shortly after the surgery.)
Liver-like organs in other animals
Arthropods have a digestive gland that functions like a combination of the liver and the pancreas. In insects this organ is known as the fat body.
External links
- WikiLiver: A Wiki dedicated to the liver
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Liver."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The DSM-IV, the U.S. standard reference for psychiatry, includes over 300 different manifestations of mental illness. Psychiatrists themselves are in dispute over how common some of these conditions are, or whether they should be listed as 'mental illnesses', and each version of the DSM is slightly different to the previous ones. The DSM-IV is currently being revised and updated, and the next version will include new-and-improved manifestations of illness. This is a portion of the currently recognised list of mental illnesses.See Mental illness for more general information.
- Acute stress disorder
- Adjustment disorders
- Agoraphobia
- alcohol and substance abuse
- alcohol and substance dependence
- Amnesia
- Anxiety Disorders
- Anorexia nervosa
- Antisocial personality disorder
- Asperger's disorder, also known as asperger's syndrome
- Attention deficit disorder
- Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
- Autistic disorder Autism
- Avoidant personality disorder
- Bereavement
- Binge eating disorder (proposed)
- Bipolar disorder
- Body dysmorphic disorder
- Borderline personality disorder
- Brief psychotic disorder
- Bulimia nervosa
- Cannabis addiction
- Circadian rhythm sleep disorder
- Conduct disorder
- Conversion disorder
- Cyclothymia (or Cyclothymic disorder)
- Delusional disorder
- Dependent personality disorder
- Depersonalization disorder
- Depression
- Disorder of written expression
- Dissociative fugue
- Dissociative identity disorder
- Dyspareunia
- Dysthymic disorder
- Encopresis
- Enuresis (bedwetting)
- Exhibitionism
- Expressive language disorder
- Female and male orgasmic disorders
- Female sexual arousal disorder
- Fetishism
- Folie à deux
- Frotteurism
- Gender identity disorder
- Generalized anxiety disorder
- General adaptation syndrome
- Histrionic personality disorder
- Hyperactivity disorder
- Primary hypersomnia
- Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
- Hypochondriasis
- Hyperkinetic syndrome
- Hysteria
- Intermittent explosive disorder
- Joubert syndrome
- Kleptomania
- Down syndrome
- Mania
- Male erectile disorder
- Munchausen syndrome
- Mathematics disorder
- Mental retardation (strictly this is not a mental illness)
- Multiple personality disorder
- Narcissistic personality disorder
- Narcolepsy
- Nightmare disorder
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder
- Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
- Oppositional defiant disorder
- Pain disorder
- Panic attacks
- Panic disorder
- Paranoid personality disorder
- Pathological gambling
- Pedophilia
- Pica
- Post-traumatic stress disorder
- Premature ejaculation
- Primary insomnia
- Psychotic disorder, not otherwise specified
- Pyromania
- Reading disorder
- Retts disorder
- Rumination disorder
- Schizoaffective disorder
- Schizoid personality disorder
- Schizophrenia
- Schizophreniform disorder
- Schizotypal personality disorder
- Seasonal affective disorder
- Separation anxiety disorder
- sexual Masochism and Sadism
- Shared psychotic disorder
- Sleep disorder
- Sleep terror disorder
- Sleepwalking disorder
- Social phobia
- Somatization disorder
- Specific phobias
- Stereotypic movement disorder
- Stuttering
- Tourette syndrome
- Transient tic disorder
- Transvestic Fetishism
- Trichotillomania
- Vaginismus
- Voyeurism
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Mental illness (alphabetical list)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
For the use of this term in sociology see mores.more(1) is a program on the UNIX system that receives textual input from a file or from another program one screenful at a time, passes it as output, waits for the user to press a key at the terminal before repeating the process. When the input ends, more dumps all buffered output to the terminal. According to the manual page, more appeared in BSD 3.0, which was released in 1978. A clone of more was added to MS-DOS 2.0. An improved version called less allows scrolling both forward and backward through the text.
By default, the online manual pages are viewed through more.
See also
- More language of Burkina Faso
- St. Sir Thomas More
- The album by Pink Floyd
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "More."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The natural sciences study the physical, nonhuman aspects of the world. As a group, the natural sciences are distinguished from the social sciences, on the one hand, as well as from the arts and humanities on the other. Natural sciences generally attempts to explain the workings of the world via natural processes rather than divine processes.The term natural science is also used to differentiate between "science" as a discipline following the scientific method, and "science" as a field of knowledge generally, e.g. computer science or even "the science of theology".
In some contexts, the natural sciences are definied differently (sometimes called the biological sciences, involved in biological processes), and are distinguished from the physical sciences (involved in the physical and chemical laws underlying the universe).
Natural sciences
- Astronomy
- Biology
- Chemistry
- Earth science
- Physics
- Electrical engineering
External links
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Natural science."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The pancreas is a retroperitoneal organ that that serves two functions:
- exocrine - it produces pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes
- endocrine - it produces several important hormones
Anatomy
The pancreas is a retroperitoneal organ located posterior to the stomach on the posterior abdominal wall.In humans the pancreas is a small elongated organ in the abdomen. It is described as having a head, body and tail. The pancreatic head abuts the second part of the duodenum while the tail extends towards the spleen. The pancreatic duct runs the length of the pancreas and empties into the second part of the duodenum at the ampulla of Vater. The common bile duct commonly joins the pancreatic duct at or near this point.
It is supplied arterially by the pancreaticoduodenal arteries, themselves branches of the superior mesenteric artery. Venous drainage is via the pancreaticoduodenal veins which end up in the portal vein. The splenic vein passes posterior to the pancreas but is said to not drain the pancreas itself. The portal vein is formed by the union of the superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein posterior to the body of the pancreas. In some people (some books say 40% of people), the inferior mesenteric vein also joins with the splenic vein behind the pancreas (in others it simply joins with the superior mesenteric vein instead).
Function
Exocrine
The pancreas is covered in a tissue capsule that partitions the gland into lobules. The bulk of the pancreas is composed of pancreatic exocrine cells, whose ducts are arranged in clusters called acini (singular acinus). The cells are filled with secretory granules containing the digestive enzymes (mainly trypsin, chymotrypsin, pancreatic lipase, and amylase) that are secreted into the lumen of the acinus.The pancreas is the main source of enzymes for digesting fats (lipids) and proteins - the intestinal walls have enzymes that will digest polysaccharides. Pancreatic secretions contain bicarbonate ions and are alkaline in order to neutralize the acidic chyme that the stomach churns out.
Control of the exocrine function of the pancreas are via the enzymes gastrin, cholecystokinin and secretin, which are enzymes secreted by cells in the stomach and duodenum, in response to distension and/or food and which cause secretion of pancreatic juices.
The two major proteases the pancreas excretes are trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen. These are inactivated forms of trypsin and chymotrypsin. Once released in the intestine, the enzyme enterokinase present in the intestinal mucosa activates trypsinogen by cleaving it to form trypsin. The free trypsin then cleaves the rest of the trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen to their active forms.
Pancreatic secretions accumulate in intralobular ducts that drain to the main pancreatic duct, which drains directly into the duodenum.
Endocrine
Embedded throughout the exocrine tissue are small clusters of cells called the Islets of Langerhans, which are the endocrine cells of the pancreas and secrete insulin, glucagon, and several other hormones. The islets contain three different types of cells — alpha cells (produce glucagon), beta cells (the most numerous, produce insulin), and delta cells (produce somatostatin). There are also the PP cells and the D1 cells, about which little is known.See also: Diabetes dictionary
Diseases of the pancreas
- Benign tumours
- Carcinoma of pancreas
- Cystic fibrosis
- Diabetes
- Pancreatitis
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Pancreas."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The social sciences comprise the scientific study of the human aspects of the world. They are also known as social studies.
Psychology studies the human mind, sociology examines human society, political science studies the governing of groups and economics concerns itself with the allocation of wealth in society. Social sciences diverge from the humanities in that the social sciences emphasise the scientific method or other rigorous standards of evidence in the study of humanity.
The main social sciences include:
Anthropology and History are sometimes classified as social sciences or as humanities. Furthermore, anthropology is sometimes classified as a natural science.
- Economics, allocation of wealth
- Political Science
- Psychology, human mind
- Linguistics
- Sociology
Non-traditional approaches to social sciences include:
- Memetics
- Sociobiology
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Social sciences."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Sir Thomas More (February 7, 1478 - July 6, 1535) was Lord Chancellor of England under King Henry VIII and had a European reputation as a humanist author. His most famous work was Utopia in which he created an imaginary island-kingdom in which some modern scholars have seen an idealized opposite of More's contemporary Europe and in which other modern scholars have seen a wicked satire of the same Europe. Desiderius Erasmus dedicated his In Praise of Folly to More -- the word "folly" is moria in Greek.
More was born in London, England. More was attached to Henry's court by 1520 and knighted in 1521.
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Henry VIII's Divorce
Thomas Cardinal Wolsey, Archbishop of York, failed to bring about the divorce and annulment Henry had sought and was forced to resign in 1529. More was appointed chancellor in his place, Henry evidently not realizing More's resistance to the matter. Being well-educated in canon law as well as deeply religious, More knew that the annulment of sacramental marriage was a matter within the jurisdiction of the Papacy, and the position of Pope Clement VII was clearly against the divorce.
Henry's reaction was to put himself in charge of the church in England. Only the clergy were required to take the intial Oath of Supremacy declaring the sovereign to be the head of the church. More, as a layman, would not have been subject to this oath, but, he resigned his chancellorship on May 16, 1532 rather than serve the new regime.
More escaped an initial attempt to connect him with a treasonous matter, but in 1534 Parliament passed the Act of Succession, which included an oath (1) acknowledging the legitimacy of any children born to Henry and Anne Boleyn, and (2) repudiating "any foreign authority, prince, or potentate." Like the Oath of Supremacy, this was not required of all people, but only those specifically summoned to take it, in other words, those in public office and those under suspicion of not supporting Henry. More was called to take this oath in April of 1535 and, on his refusal, imprisoned in the Tower of London. He was tried, convicted, and sentenced and then executed on Tower Hill on July 6th. His head was displayed on London Bridge for a month, then retrieved (after the payment of a bribe) by his daughter, Margaret Roper.
More is a saint of the Catholic Church, canonized in 1935. On October 31, 2000, Saint Thomas More was declared "The heavenly Patron of Statesmen and Politicians" by Pope John Paul II. See http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/stt04003.htm. Much has been made by Ricardians (those concerned with the rehabilitation of Richard III of England) of More's manuscripts of the History of Richard III, from which much anti-Richard propaganda derives, including Shakespeare's play. The work exists in several versions, in both English and Latin, and all incomplete; it was not published during More's lifetime, but was found among his papers after his execution, some quarter of a century after it was written. Extensive study of the content by modern historians has demonstrated it to be John Morton's account of events that happened between when More was 3 and 6 years old, apparently written up by More for educational purposes in developing his language skills, probably in rhetoric and translation. He no more believed the "facts" in it to be true than Morton did, and the style of the writing suggests that it was either a parody, as Alison Hanham thought, or "a literary exercise in the dramatic representation of villainy," as Jeremy Potter described it. Some historians have argued it was Morton's work that More merely copied as an exercise in penmanship, but others discern in it the same kind of irony and sarcasm that appear in More's other writings, a style that Morton never achieved.
Biographies
Robert Bolt's play "A Man for All Seasons" is about Sir Thomas's losing battle against King Henry's determination to have an English national church that he could control. Two films have been made of that play: the 1966 Oscar winner starring Paul Scofield and a 1988 version starring Charlton Heston.
Quotes
"...if honor were profitable, everybody would be honorable." [1]
External links
- More and The History of Richard III
- Project Gutenberg e-text of Sir Thomas More's Utopia
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Thomas More."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In anatomy, the thyroid is an endocrine gland. It is situated on the front side of the neck, just below the Adam's apple, near the thyroid cartilage over the trachea but covered by layers of skin and muscle. The thyroid is quite large for an endocrine gland - 15-30 grams - and butterfly-shaped: the wings correspond to the lobes and the body to the isthmus of the thyroid.
The primary function of the thyroid is production of hormones:
The gland is composed of follicular tissue that selectively absorbs iodine (more accurately iodide ions, I-) from the bloodstream and concentrates it for production of thyroid hormones. The follicle is built of a single layer of epithelial cells, surrounding a colloid rich in a protein called thyreoglobuline. It serves as a reservoir of materials for thyroid hormone production and, to a lesser extent, a reservoir of the hormones themselves.
- thyroxine (T4)
- triiodothyronine (T3)
- and calcitonin, which regulates calcium-phosphorus metabolism
In areas where iodine - essential for the production of thyroxine - is lacking in the diet, the thyroid gland can be considerably enlarged, resulting in the swollen necks of endemic goitre.
Thyroxine is critical to the regulation of metabolism and growth, throughout the animal kingdom. Among amphibians, for example, administering a thyroid-blocking agent such as propylthiouracil can prevent tadpoles from metamorphosing into frogs; conversely, administering thyroxine will trigger metamorphosis.
In humans, children born with thyroid hormone deficiency will not grow well, and brain development can be severely impaired, in the condition referred to as cretinism. Newborn children in many developed counties are now routinely tested for thyroid hormone deficiency; this is done by analysis of a small drop of blood from the child (usually, the blood also is tested for phenylketonuria and several other metabolic diseases of genetic etiology). Children with thyroid hormone deficiency are easily treated by supplementation with synthetic thyroxine, which enables them to grow and develop normally.
Because of the thyroid's selective uptake and extreme concentration of what is actually a quite rare element, it is extremely sensitive to the effects of various radioactive isotopes of iodine produced by nuclear fission. In the event of large accidental releases of such material into the environment, the uptake of radioactive iodine by the thyroid can, in theory, be blocked by saturating the uptake mechanism with a large surplus of non-radioactive iodine, taken in the form of iodide tablets. While biological researchers making compounds labelled with iodine isotopes do this, in the wider world such preventive measures are usually not stockpiled before an accident, nor are they distributed adequately afterward - one consequence of the Chernobyl disaster was an increase in thyroid cancers in the years following the accident. [1]
The most common diseases of the thyroid:
- Hypothyroidism
- postoperative hypothyroidism
- iatrogenic hypothyroidism
- Hyperthyroidism
- Graves-Basedow disease
- toxic thyroid nodule
- Thyroid nodules
- Thyroid cancer
- Goitre
- endemic goitre
- diffuse goitre
- multinodular goitre
- Thyroiditis
- Hashimoto's thyroiditis
- Acute thyroiditis
Diagnosis
The measurement of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels is useful in the diagnosis of hypothyroidism (thyroid hormone deficiency), since TSH levels are often elevated before decreased levels of thyroid hormones T4 and T3 are detectable.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Thyroid."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
MORE | English | MARC Optical REcognition | Computing, Information |
| MOTSS | English | More Of The Sameold Sameold | Computer - (Usenet) |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: MoreSynonyms: additional (adj), further(a) (adj), more than (adj), more(a) (adj), to a greater extent (adv). (additional references) |
| Antonyms: fewer (adj), less(a) (adj), less (adv). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Addition | Adverb: au reste, in addition, more, plus, extra; and, also, likewise, too, furthermore, further, item; and also, and eke; else, besides, to boot, et cetera and so on, and so forth; into the bargain, cum multis aliis, over and above, moreover. |
Superiority | Adverb: beyond, more, over; over the mark, above the mark; above par; upwards of, in advance of; over and above; at the top of the scale, at its height. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: More |
| English words defined with "more": Any more ♦ many more, more and more, more or less, more than ♦ No more ♦ The more -- the more, The more and less, To be no more ♦ what is more, with more reason. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "more": Answer more Scotico ♦ Heterocyclic Compounds with 4 or More Rings ♦ More Kicks than Hapence, More one has, the More he Desires, More than, More the Merrier ♦ No More Poles ♦ There's More Than One Way To Do It. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "more": Zend-Avesta. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "More" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Basque (purple), French (Moor), Latin (affect, agitate, behavior, character, custom, disturb, fashion, fruit of the black mulberry, habit, manner, mood, morals, move, mulberry, provoke, stir), Norwegian (entertain), Portuguese (duff, raw humus, surface humus, veid humus), Serbo-Croatian (mare, sea). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Oh well, alright, let's all sell our souls and work for Satan because it's more convenient that way. (American Beauty; writing credit: Alan Ball) Then you are meant for one more thing: deletion (The Matrix Reloaded; writing credit: Andy Wachowski; Larry Wachowski) Michael was the most sexually experienced of us, which means he had kissed a girl on more than two occasions (Sleepers; writing credit: Barry Levinson) Want to vanish inside your kiss, every day I'm loving you more and more (Moulin Rouge!; writing credit: Baz Luhrmann; Craig Pearce) Why, I make more money than - than - than Calvin Coolidge, put together (Singin' in the Rain; writing credit: Betty Comden; Adolph Green) | |
Lyrics | More than your lover (More Than A Woman; performing artist: Aaliyah) Just one more night (Just One More Chance; performing artist: Bing Crosby) It's yesterday once more (Yesterday Once More; performing artist: Carpenters) And I could not ask for more (I Could Not Ask for More; performing artist: Edwin McCain) More precious than ((God Must Have Spent) A Little More Time On You; performing artist: 'N Sync) | |
Clever | People are much more willing to lend you books than bookcases. (references; author: Mark Twain) You know you're getting old when the candles cost more than the cake. (references; author: Bob Hope) Give a grateful man more than he asks. (references; author: Portuguese Proverb) One picture is worth more than ten thousand words. (references; author: Chinese Proverb) An old error is always more popular than a new truth. (references; author: German Proverb) | |
Movie/TV Titles | More Tales of the City (1998) Just One More Time (1974) Kaplya v more (1973) More (1973) Vetrne more (1973) | |
Song Titles | One More Try (performing artist: George Michael) More (Instrumental) (performing artist: Kai Winding and His Orchestra) More Love (performing artist: Kim Carnes) More Than I Can Say (performing artist: Leo Sayer) One More Heartache (performing artist: Steve Marriott) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
| ||
Books |
| ||
Periodicals |
| ||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
High Tech |
| ||
Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
This act signed December 23, 1971, amended the Public Health Service Act. It strengthened the National Cancer Institute and the National Institutes of Health so that they could more effectively carry out the national effort against cancer. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. | Shown is a mammogram of a normal fatty breast, typical of older women. Diagnosis of abnormal lesions or cancer is more accurate in non-dense breasts. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. | ||
Since the program's establishment in 1951, EIS officers have worked on more than 10,000 studies and investigations. Each year, EIS officers assist with approximately 100 investigations requested by states and other countries. Credit: CDC. | The CDC moved its location to Clifton Road after construction was completed in 1960. In 1947, Emory University donated the land on Clifton Road for the new CDC headquarters, but construction did not begin for more than a decade. Credit: CDC. | ||
![]() | "Scherk's Surface 2" by Carlos César de Araújo. Click on Edit inside DPGraph for more information. | ![]() | "Ellipsoid Pulsate" (movie) by Joe Seale. There is also a hi-res version. Click on Edit inside DPGraph for more info. |
This series of images, which spans more than five days beginning at 5:33 p.m. EDT on July 16, ... Credit: NASA. | After more than three years of inactivity, the Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object ... Credit: NASA. | ||
![]() | This is one of the more famous images of the Earth from the Apollo program, takenby the Apollo 8 astronauts as they became the first humans to circumnavigate the Moon. Credit: NASA. | ![]() | Computer generated surface view of Gula Mons.For this image, we also have a special treat. Because the vertical scale on theseimages is so exaggerated (a factor of 22.5, remember), we thought you might wantto see what one of them would look like with a more realistic vertical scale.This image ofGula Mons( 8k) has beenaltered to more closely resemble the actual vertical scale. Credit: NASA. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
![]() | ![]() |
| "More keys" by Jennifer Lin Commentary: "Clearer picture of keyboard keys." | "Eat more" by Mark Stanton Commentary: "This is my girlfriends tee shirt and her in it." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Augustus Caesar | More haste, less speed. |
Benjamin Disraeli | Man is more powerful than matter. |
Brigham Young | Love the giver more than the gift. |
Hannah More | How goodness heightens beauty! |
Henry David Thoreau | Law never made men a whit more just. |
Oliver Goldsmith | Fear guides more than gratitude. |
Sir Thomas More | This hath not offended the king. |
Thomas Carlyle | Silence is more eloquent than words. |
Thomas Fuller | The more wit the less courage. |
| The more laws, the more offenders. | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Magna Carta | 1215 | Men who dwell without the forest need not henceforth come before our justiciaries of the forest upon a general summons, unless they are in plea, or sureties of one or more, who are attached for the forest. (reference) |
John Locke | 1690 | And indeed it was a foolish thing, as well as dishonest, to hoard up more than he could make use of. (Second Treatise of Government) |
US Declaration of Independence | 1776 | Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. (reference) |
US Constitution | 1791 | But if there should remain two or more who have equal Votes, the Senate shall chuse from them by Ballot the Vice President. (reference) |
Amendment to US Constitution | 1795-2007 | No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of President more than once. (reference) |
Marbury v. Madison | 1803 | It shall, however, receive a more attentive consideration. (reference) |
Communist Manifesto | 1848 | Nay more, they are reactionary, for they try to roll back the wheel of history. (reference) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | The divisions must not be grouped under more than two army corps headquarters staffs. (reference) |
Winston S. Churchill | 1946 | On the other hand I repulse the idea that a new war is inevitable; still more that it is imminent. ("Iron Curtain" Speech) |
Brown v. Board of Education | 1954 | In more recent cases, all on the graduate school [347 U.S. 483, 492] level, inequality was found in that specific benefits enjoyed by white students were denied to Negro students of the same educational qualifications. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Winnie the Pooh | A.A. Milne | The more he looked inside the more Piglet wasn't there |
Emma | Austen, Jane | More is avowedly due to her. |
Through the Looking-Glass | Carroll, Lewis | But Hatta only munched away, and drank some more tea. |
A Christmas Carol | Dickens, Charles | Scrooge trembled more and more |
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy | Douglas Adams | If there's anything more important than my ego around, I want it caught and shot now. |
Scarlet Letter | Hawthorne, Nathaniel | Or I might readily have found a more serious task |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | In the meantime let us study the things which are no more. |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | Father Arnall became very quiet, more and more quiet as each boy tried to answer and could not. |
Time Enough for Love | Robert Heinlein | A committee is a lifeform with six or more legs and no brain |
King Richard III | Shakespeare, William | Once more, good night, kind lords and gentlemen |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Eat more fiber. (references) | |
Take insulin more often. (references) | ||
You must eat more protein. (references) | ||
Business | Informal ones are more frequent. (references) | |
Seven more plants are being built. (references) | ||
Making U.S. exports more competitive. (references) | ||
Children | Vanuatu | Boys tend to receive more education than girls. (references) |
Russia | These children stay in COVINA for no more than 30 days. (references) | |
Mauritania | Local NGO's estimate that there are more than 250 street children. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Cuba | Police detained more than 20 members of the organization. (references) |
Iraq | Citizens may not make more than two trips abroad annually. (references) | |
Mauritania | Some arrived more than 10 years ago and are employed fully. (references) | |
Economic History | Kenya | The IPC is more flexible. (references) |
Barbados | Most employees earn more. (references) | |
Indonesia | Each additional day is $250 more. (references) | |