Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Monoclonal |
MonoclonalAdjective1. Forming or derived from a single clone. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
| Domain | Definition |
Health | An antibody produced by culturing a single type of cell. It therefore consists of a single species of immunoglobulin molecules. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| MoAb | English | Monoclonal Antibodies | Medicine |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
| Domain | Title |
Books |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies confirm that this patient's cutaneous t-cell lymph cancer involves the lymph nodes and skin. The antibodies collect in the cancerous lymph nodes of the armpits, neck and groin and a strong outline of the patient's body verifies skin involvement. The liver and spleen are darkened, too, because it is normal for these organs to collect the antibodies. See artwork: GA-17. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |  | Pictured are two researchers on a laboratorry setting. They are looking at slides on a light box. These are slides of cultures of cells that make monoclonal antibodies. These are grown in a lab and the researchers are analyzing the products to select the most promising of them. Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer). |
 | Shown is the hand of a lab technician bathing some prepared slides in a solution. This technician is involved in the preparation of slides of monoclonal antibodies for researchers. These highly specific cells shown are those labeling human breast cancer. Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer). |  | Pictured is a laboratory setting. A technician wearing a white lab coat and head covering, rubber gloves, is holding a large glass roller bottle and looking into it. A red liquid is visible in the tilted roller bottle. This process is the growing of monoclonal antibodies. They can be grown in unlimited quantities in bottles in the lab. Several shots available. Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer). |
 | Several shots of a scientist in a laboratory setting, wearing a white coat and performing a test. Only his hands are visible in some of the photos. The scientist is sorting B-cells taken from the bone marrow of a patient with Lupus disease. The Lupus antibody-producing cell is isolated in a well, to be fused with a cancerous mouse myeloma B-cell, producing a hybridoma. Hybridomas produce identical monoclonal antibodies in large quantities and indefinitely. Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer). |  | An infiltrating ductal carcinoma of human breast origin is seen invading the breast tissue. The cytoplasm of the tumor cells is stained brown with a monoclonal antibody, which recognizes a carcinoembryonic type antigen (CEA) found within the malignant cells. The monoclonal antibody was developed at the NCI laboratory of Dr. Jeffery Schlom. Magnification is 313x. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |
 | The L. pneumophila bacteria are tagged with a monoclonal antibody treated with a fluorescein dye. After binding to the bacteria the slide is viewed under UV light, and the bacterial cell walls glow green. Credit: CDC. |  | The Legionella pneumophila bacteria are tagged with a monoclonal antibody treated with a fluorescein dye. After binding to the bacteria the slide is viewed under UV light, and the bacterial cell walls glow green. Credit: CDC. |
 | Researchers have developed monoclonal antibodies that detect both Bagesia equii and Babesia caballi. The pathogens cause the disease piroplasmosis, or equine babesiosis, which does not exist in the United States. P. Credit: USDA ARS News; photo by Scott Bauer.. |  | Technician Carolyn Johnson uses monoclonal antibodies to confirm E. coli O157:H7 presence in cattle fecal samples. P. Credit: USDA ARS News; photo by Keith Weller.. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | In addition, monoclonal antibodies may be used to detect rabies virus variants. (references) | |
Scientists are now producing monoclonal antibodies against tumor cell antigens and testing their usefulness. (references) | ||
Monoclonal antibodies are identical, laboratory-produced antibodies that are highly specific for a single antigen. (references) | ||
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Monoclonal" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Monoclonal" is used about 227 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 100% | 227 | 19,961 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "monoclonal": 2IT-BAD monoclonal antibody 170 ♦ A33 monoclonal antibody ♦ CC-49 monoclonal antibody ♦ di-dgA-RFB4 monoclonal antibody ♦ IDEC-Y2B8 monoclonal antibody ♦ monoclonal antibodies ♦ monoclonal antibody ♦ monoclonal antibody 3F8 ♦ monoclonal antibody technology ♦ muJ591 monoclonal antibody ♦ muromonab-CD3 monoclonal antibody ♦ pM-81 monoclonal antibody ♦ Prost 30 monoclonal antibody. Additional references. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "monoclonal"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | monoklonale antistoffer (mca, monoclonal antibodies), monoklonal murin komponent (monoclonal murine), monoklonal murin (monoclonal murine), monoklonal gammapati (monoclonal gammopathy). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | monoklonale muriene antistof (monoclonal murine), monoklonale gammopathie (monoclonal gammopathy), monoklonale antilichamen (mca, monoclonal antibodies), mca (mca, monoclonal antibodies), benigne monoklonale gammapathie (benign monoclonal gammopathy). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | monoklonaalinen vasta-aine (mca, monoclonal antibodies), monoklonaalinen gammapatia (monoclonal gammopathy), hyvänlaatuinen monoklonaalinen gammopatia (benign monoclonal gammopathy), hyvänlaatuinen monoklonaalinen gammapatia (benign monoclonal gammopathy), gammopathia monoclonalis benigna (benign monoclonal gammopathy). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
French | murin monoclonal (monoclonal murine), technologie des anticorps monoclonaux (monoclonal antibody technology), gammapathie monoclonale bénigne (benign monoclonal gammopathy), gammapathie monoclonale (monoclonal gammopathy), anticorps monoclonaux (monoclonal antibodies), anticorps monoclonal murin A33 (A33 mouse monoclonal antibody), anticorps monoclonal (monoclonal antibody), ACM (monoclonal antibodies). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
German | monoklonale Gammopathie (monoclonal gammopathy), monoklonale Antikörper (mca, monoclonal antibodies), Paraproteinose (monoclonal gammopathy). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | καλοήθης μονοκλωνική γαμασφαιρινοπάθεια (benign monoclonal gammopathy), καλοήθης μονοκλωνική γαμαπάθεια (benign monoclonal gammopathy), ραδιοσημασμένο μονοκλωνικό αντίσωμα (radio labelled monoclonal antibody), μονόκλωνο προερχόμενο από ποντικούς (monoclonal murine), μονοκλωνική γαμμοπάθεια (monoclonal gammopathy), μονοκλωνικά αντισώματα (mca, monoclonal antibodies), τμήμα του μονοκλωνικού αντισώματος από ποντικούς (murine monoclonal antibody fragment). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | murino monoclonale (monoclonal murine), GMB (benign monoclonal gammopathy), gammopatia monoclonale (monoclonal gammopathy), gammapatia monoclonale benigna (benign monoclonal gammopathy), anticorpo monoclonale di topo A33 (A33 mouse monoclonal antibody), anticorpi monoclonali (mca, monoclonal antibodies). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | モノカルボン酸 (dag coating containing molybdenum, mobile, mohair, Mohawk, Mohawk haircut, molybdenum, moment, momism, monaural, monaural record, monocarboxylic acid, monochrome, mono-fluorine, monogram, monograph, monographie, monolock, monologue, monomania, monomaniac, monomer, monopolize, monopoly, monorail, monosexual, monotone, monotype, moped, moral hazard, moral majority, moral pollution, moral risk, moral sense, moral support, morale, morale survey, moralist, morality, moratorium, Morris dance, person fond of using a mobile phone, unisex). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | モノクローナル . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | onoclonalmay murino monoclonal (monoclonal murine), gamapatia monoclonal (monoclonal gammopathy), disglobulinemia (monoclonal gammopathy), anticorpos monoclonais (mca, monoclonal antibodies). (various references) murino monoclonal (monoclonal murine), gammapatía monoclonal benigna (benign monoclonal gammopathy), gammapatía monoclonal (monoclonal gammopathy), anticuerpo monoclonal A33 (A33 mouse monoclonal antibody), anticuerpo monoclonal (mca, monoclonal antibodies). (various references) monoklonala antikroppar (mca, monoclonal antibodies), monoklonal gammopati (monoclonal gammopathy). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | gammopathia monoclonalis benigna. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "monoclonal": monoclonals. (additional references) | |
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"Monoclonal" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Moncloa, monoclongla, Monolena. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "monoclonal" (pronounced mÄ'nuklō"nul) |
| 4 | -ō" n u l | atonal, tonal. |
| 3 | -n u l | abdominal, aberrational, aboriginal, additional, adrenal, anal, annal, annul, Arsenal, attitudinal, autumnal, binational, biphenyl, cantonal, Cardinal, carnal, channel, coeducational, collisional, Colonel, communal, compositional, computational, concessional, conditional, confessional, conformational, confrontational, congregational, congressional, connotational, constitutional, conventional, conversational, cornel, correctional, criminal, Darnel, delusional, denominational, departmental, depositional, devotional, diagonal, dimensional, directional, diurnal, divisional, doctrinal, duodenal, dysfunctional, educational, emotional, empanel, erosional, eternal, exceptional, external, factional, faunal, fennel, fictional, final, flannel, fluxional, foundational, fractional, fraternal, functional, funnel, gastrointestinal, generational, gravitational, hexagonal, hormonal, Hymnal, impanel, impersonal, improvisational, infernal, informational, inspirational, institutional, instructional, intentional, intergenerational, internal, international, interpersonal, intestinal, investigational, Invitational, irrational, journal, jurisdictional, juvenile, kennel, kernel, latitudinal, longitudinal, luminal, marginal, maternal, medicinal, monsoonal, morainal, motivational, multinational, national, navigational, nocturnal, nominal, noncriminal, nonprofessional, nontraditional, nutritional, obsessional, occasional, occupational, octagonal, operational, optional, organizational, original, panel, paternal, penal, personal, phenomenal, polygonal, polyvinyl, processional, professional, promotional, proportional, provisional, rational, recreational, regional, relational, renal, representational, retinal, rotational, seasonal, sectional, semifinal, seminal, sensational, sentinel, shrapnel, signal, situational, spinal, subliminal, superregional, supranational, terminal, traditional, transformational, transitional, transnational, tribunal, tunnel, unconditional, unconstitutional, unconventional, unemotional, unintentional, unprofessional, untraditional, vaginal, venal, vernal, Vinal, vinyl, virginal, vocational. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-l-l-m-n-n-o-o-o" | |
-2 letters: nonlocal. | |
-3 letters: noncola. | |
-4 letters: clonal, noncom. | |
-5 letters: ancon, canon, colon, comal, llano, local, macon, molal, moola. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-l-l-m-n-n-o-o-o" | |
+1 letter: monoclonals. | |
+3 letters: monotonically. | |
+4 letters: monophonically, neocolonialism. | |
+5 letters: neocolonialisms. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)4D 6F 6E 6F 63 6C 6F 6E 61 6C |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references)-- --- -. --- -.-. .-.. --- -. .- .-.. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01001101 01101111 01101110 01101111 01100011 01101100 01101111 01101110 01100001 01101100 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)M o n o c l o n a l |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)004D 006F 006E 006F 0063 006C 006F 006E 0061 006C |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)47818081697881806778 |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Commercial 4. Images: Photo Album | 5. Quotations: Non-fiction 6. Usage Frequency 7. Expressions 8. Expressions: Internet | 9. Translations: Modern 10. Translations: Ancient 11. Abbreviations 12. Acronyms | 13. Derivations 14. Rhymes 15. Anagrams 16. Orthography | 17. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
