Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Modeling |
ModelingNoun1. Sculpture produced by molding. 2. A preliminary sculpture in wax or clay from which a finished work can be copied. 3. A representation of something (usually on a smaller scale). Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "modeling" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1550. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | Modeling |
Medicine | A treatment procedure whereby the therapist presents the target behaviour which the learner is to imitate and make part of his repertoire. Source: European Union. (references) |
Weather | An investigative technique that uses a mathematical or physical representation of a system or theory that accounts for all or some of its known properties. Models are often used to test the effects of changes of system components on the overall performance of the system. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
This article is about models in science and technology, for models in art, fashion and cosmetics, see model (person) or supermodelThe word model is used in various contexts meaning something (abstract or physical) that represents 'the real thing'. That entity may be anything from a single item or object (for example, a bolt) to a complete system of any size (for example, the Solar System). In general, a model is an object which we study, not for its intrinsic interest, but because it is a formalized or simplified representation of a class of phenomena which can be studied easily.
Modeling: the process of generating a model
Modeling refers to the process of generating a model as an abstract representation of some real world entity. Typically a model will contain only the significant features or aspects of the item in question, and two models of the same item may differ quite significantly. This may be due to differing requirements of the model's end user (one user may be interested in aspects of the item which are quite separate from those of another user) or, perhaps more simply, this may be due to the difference in perception of that item by the modeller and decisions made during the modelling process. This is why it is critically important for any end user to understand the original purpose or application for the model.
Models in science
Models have applications throughout science with variations according to the subject matter under discussion. Abstract models such as statistical models and mathematical models are used throughout the natural sciences including physics, chemistry, biology and economics. (See also: model theory, applied mathematics.) A model is often a simplified version (cognitive model), but it can also mean an especially good or useful example of a process, or for studying a process such as a model organism in developmental biology.
Physical models
A physical model of something large is usually smaller, and of something very small is larger. A physical model of something that can move, like a vehicle or machine, may be completely static, or have parts that can be moved manually, or be powered. A physical model may show inner parts that are normally not visible. The purpose of a physical model on a smaller scale may be to have a better overview, for testing purposes, as hobby or toy. The purpose of a physical model on a larger scale may be to see the structure of things that are normally too small to see properly or to see at all, for example a model of an insect or of a molecule.
A physical model of an animal shows how it is built without it walking or flying away, and without danger, and if the real animal is not available. A soft model of an animal is popular among children and some adults as cuddly toy. A model of a human may be a doll or a statue.
See also
- Model organism
- Model nation
- Herbert Simon
Modeling languages
- UML for software systems
- Role Activity Diagram and IDEF for processes
- VRML for 3-D models designed particularly with the World Wide Web in mind.
Physical models
- Model airplane
- Model car
- Model radio-controlled car
- Model railway
- Model rocket
- Model ship
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Model."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A model is somebody who acts as a human prop for purposes of art, photography, pornography, fashion, advertising etc. Modelling is distinguished from other types of public performance such as an acting, dancing or mime artistry, although the boundary is probably not well defined. Appearing in a movie or a play is generally not considered to be modelling, irrespective of the nature of the role, so many models can also describe themselves as actors. Some models have acquired the status of sex symbol, and a highly paid model is sometimes known as a "supermodel". Supermodels are celebrities who may appear in commercials endorsing products, and often parlay their fame into acting careers."Catwalk modelling" (also known as "runway modelling") is displaying fashion, "glamour modelling" usually includes elements of nudity or eroticism, while "nude modelling" describes any kind of modelling that is performed without clothes. Art school modelling involves posing for students of art.
For notable models, see supermodel and glamour photography.
Some who became better known for other things also worked as professional models:
See also: Cover girl
- Quentin Crisp - "gay icon"
- Emmanuelle Seigner - probably best known as an actress
- Koo Stark - dated a member of the British royal family
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Model (person)."
Synonyms: ModelingSynonyms: clay sculpture (n), model (n), modelling (n), mold (n), molding (n), mould (n), moulding (n). (additional references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Bosco! You working or just modeling the uniform (Third Watch; writing credit: Grant Taylor) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Modeling (1921) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books | |||
Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Slide shows two men sitting in front of computer that displays molecular modeling. Credit: Bill Branson. |  | Updated modeling and simulation tools, such as the Advanced Flight Propulsion Data Validation/Analysis System, will allow the F-22 Combined Test Force here to make further predictions when the Raptor begins to step out of the flight envelope during future. |
 | Plastic Surgery : Modeling of Patient for Reconstruction of Face at Walter Reed General Hospital. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |  | Vince Lagrotteria looking at Karin Fester, who is modeling a bathing suit, in the cafeteria of the Pratt & Whitney machine tool plant in West Hartford, Conn. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Three African American teenage girls modeling clothing for the "Teen-age Consumer a Go-Go" promotion at J.H.S. 164, New York, New York] / World Telegram & Sun p. Credit: Library of Congress; photo by Len Morgan.. |  | Woman modeling dress on moss-covered steps, with Guatamalans surrounding her, Chichicastenango, Guatemala. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Modeling. Special Skills Division, Washington, D.C. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Orange, Texas. Negro boys whose parents are both employed, modeling in clay at a nursery school. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |
| "Modeling in the window 1" by Lily Rosen Commentary: "Afternone." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. |
| Play | Caption |
 | Photo; photograph; camera; film; photographer; model; modeling; fashion; magazine; layout; photographic; photography. |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | It is suggested that assessment of dialysis dose, by formal Kdrt/V modeling, be performed on a regular basis. (references) | |
Through a technique known as modeling, they can help organize their children's thoughts and provide them with examples of how to express oneself. (references) | ||
Business | In this report, two modeling approaches are used. (references) | |
The first involves modeling the economic fundamentals of each market over time. (references) | ||
Icon Group forecasts primarily rely on non-cultural economic factors in modeling cross-market demand, for a given product or service. (references) | ||
Economic History | Turkey | Foreign franchise proposals are generally favorably received by FIGD in view of their potential for generating employment opportunities, transfer of technology and know-how and establishing competition/role modeling on local quality standards. (references) |
Russia | Assistance provided includes supercontainers, railcar upgrades, emergency support equipment, automated inventory control and management systems, computer modeling, a personnel reliability program, 50 sets of "quick-fix" fencing and sensors for storage sites, and the development of a Security Assessment and Training Center to test and evaluate new security systems for storage sites. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Latvia | Other victims are recruited through job advertisements, modeling agencies, travel agencies, and nightclubs. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Louise Ashby | Through writing a book. I'm writing another two books. You know, the old acting job. I'm modeling here and there and now, you know, I'm in talks about having a TV show. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| "Modeling" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 42.86% of the time. "Modeling" is used about 7 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 42.86% | 3 | 202,518 |
| Lexical Verb (-ing form) | 28.57% | 2 | 245,945 |
| Noun (proper) | 14.29% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 14.29% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 7 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "modeling": behavioral modeling ♦ business and information modeling ♦ business information modeling ♦ cognitive modeling ♦ connectionist modeling ♦ continuous System Modeling Program ♦ curve modeling ♦ data modeling ♦ formal Object Role Modeling Language ♦ modeling compound ♦ modeling plane ♦ modeling wax ♦ object Role Modeling ♦ simulation Language for Alternative Modeling ♦ surface modeling ♦ unified Modeling Language ♦ virtual Reality Modeling Language. Additional references. | |
| Hypenated Usage | |
Ending with "modeling": cognitive-modeling. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "modeling"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | modelim, punë ngjizëse, krijim sipas modelit. (various references) | |
Arabic | عرض أزياء (fashion show, modelling). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | работене като модел (modelling), моделиране (modelling, sampling). (various references) | |
Chinese | 塑造 (Fashioned, Fashioning, modeled, Modelled, modelling, shaped, shaping). (various references) | |
Czech | modelování (modelling, molding, moulding). (various references) | |
Danish | kognitiv psykoterapi (modelling), formning af adfærden (modelling), formning (forming, modelling, moulding, shaping, topiary). (various references) | |
Dutch | modeling (modelling). (various references) | |
Finnish | mallioppimiseen perustuva psykoterapiamuoto (modelling), mallioppiminen (modelling). (various references) | |
French | modelage (modelling). (various references) | |
German | formend (formative, sculpting, sculpturing, shaping). (various references) | |
Greek | μοντελοποίηση (modelling), μίμηση προτύπου (modelling), πρίπλασμα, πλάσιμο προτύπου (modelling), διαμόρφωση (configuration, conformation, formation, modulation, molding, moulding). (various references) | |
Hebrew | עשית דגמים, עצוב (design, downhearted, fashioning, formation, forming, formulation, lugubrious, molding, morose, sad, shaping, sorrowful, sullen, unhappy, woeful), דוגמנות. (various references) | |
Hungarian | mintakészítés (modelling), mintázás (modelling, molding, moulding), megmintázás (modelling), formázás (modelling, molding, moulding, remodeling). (various references) | |
Italian | modellamento (modelling), modellaggio (modelling), modeling (modelling), formante (formative, forming, sculpting). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 肉付け (fleshing out), モデムの設定 (model, model case, model change, model gun, model house, model kitchen, modeler, modeller, modelling, modem setup, moderate, moderator, modernologio, modernology, modulation, module, monarchy, motocross, Motorola), 塑造 (molding). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | モデリング (modelling), そぞう (earthen image, molding), にくづけ (fleshing out). (various references) | |
Korean | 만드 (modelling, rendering). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | odelingmay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | modelagem (molding, moulding, shaping), modelação (shaping), criação de modelos, ação de modelar. (various references) | |
Russian | моделирование. (various references) | |
Spanish | modelado (exemplified, modelling). (various references) | |
Swedish | modellerande (modelling). (various references) | |
Thai | การเดินแบบ (modelling), การสร้างหุ่นจำลอง (modelling). (various references) | |
Turkish | modelini yapma. (various references) | |
Ukrainian | формування (formation, modelling, molding, moulding, organization, shaping), моделювання (modelling, simulation). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "modeling": modelings. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "modeling": remodeling. (additional references) | |
| |
"Modeling" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Dodelinger, medeling, Medizing, mideling, Mideplan, modeming, Mofeli, Moledina, morellian, Moseling. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "modeling" (pronounced mÄ"duling or mÄ"dling) |
| 7 | m Ä" d u l i ng | remodeling. |
| 6 | -Ä" d u l i ng | coddling. |
| 5 | -d u l i ng | backpedaling, bundling, cradling, dwindling, fondling, huddling, hurdling, idling, meddling, middling, muddling, paddling, pedaling, peddling, piddling, saddling, yodeling. |
| 4 | -u l i ng | ambling, assembling, babbling, baffling, barreling, battling, belittling, bicycling, boggling, bottling, bristling, bubbling, bugling, bumbling, bungling, bustling, cackling, canceling, cancelling, channeling, chortling, circling, commingling, counseling, crippling, crumbling, cycling, dabbling, dangling, dazzling, Dialing, disabling, disgruntling, dismantling, doubling, dribbling, drizzling, embezzling, empaneling, enabling, encircling, entitling, equaling, fizzling, fumbling, funneling, gambling, giggling, gobbling, groveling, grueling, grumbling, gurgling, guzzling, haggling, hassling, hobbling, humbling, hustling, imperiling, initialing, intermingling, jiggling, jostling, juggling, labeling, leveling, mangling, marshaling, mingling, mislabeling, mottling, mumbling, muscling, nibbling, paneling, parceling, pummeling, puzzling, quadrupling, quarreling, quibbling, raveling, recycling, redoubling, refueling, resembling, reshuffling, reveling, rippling, rivaling, ruffling, rumbling, scrambling, scribbling, scuttling, settling, shriveling, shuttling, signaling, signalling, singling, sizzling, spiraling, spiralling, squabbling, stapling, stenciling, strangling, struggling, stumbling, swiveling, tabling, throttling, tingling, tinkling, toppling, totaling, totalling, toweling, traveling, travelling, trembling, tripling, troubling, tumbling, tunneling, twinkling, unraveling, unsettling, waggling, warbling, wiggling, wobbling, wrangling, wrinkling. |
| 3 | -l i ng | annealing, appalling, appealing, ailing, angling, assailing, bailing, baling, balling, bankrolling, beguiling, Belling, billing, blackmailing, boiling, Bolling, bowling, brawling, broiling, buckling, burgling, burling, cajoling, calling, Carling, ceiling, chilling, chronicling, chuckling, compelling, compiling, concealing, consoling, controlling, cooling, corralling, countervailing, coupling, cowling, crackling, crawling, cuddling, culling, curling, curtailing, darling, dawdling, dealing, decoupling, derailing, detailing, dispelling, dissembling, distilling, doling, drilling, drooling, duckling, dueling, dulling, dumpling, dwelling, earthling, emailing, enrolling, entailing, entangling, excelling, expelling, extolling, failing, falling, feeling, felling, fiddling, filing, filling, flailing, fledgling, foaling, foiling, fooling, forestalling, foretelling, fouling, foundling, freewheeling, fueling, fuelling, fulfilling, galling, grappling, Grayling, grilling, groundling, growling, hailing, handling, hauling, healing, heckling, helling, hilling, holing, howling, hurling, hurtling, inhaling, inkling, installing, instilling, jailing, Keeling, killing, kindling, kneeling, lolling, Lulling, mailing, Marling, Melling, milling, mishandling, misspelling, mothballing, mulling, nailing, needling, nestling, nonruling, oiling, outselling, overbilling, overhauling, overkilling, overruling, overselling, panhandling, paralleling, parboiling, paroling, patrolling, pearling, peeling, pickling, piling, Pilling, Pindling, poling, polling, pooling, prevailing, profiling, propelling, prowling, pulling, quelling, quilling, Quisling, railing, rambling, rankling, rappelling, rattling, rebelling, recalling, reconciling, reeling, regaling, rekindling, repealing, repelling, rescheduling, reselling, retailing, retelling, retooling, revealing, ridiculing, Riesling, rifling, rilling, roiling, rolling, rototilling, ruling, rustling, sailing, sampling, Sandling, sapling, scaling, scheduling, Schilling, schooling, scowling, sealing, seedling, Seeling, selling, shelling, shilling, shoveling, shuffling, sibling, skilling, smelling, smiling, smuggling, snarling, Snelling, snowballing, sparkling, Sparling, spelling, spilling, spoiling, sprawling, sprinkling, squealing, stalling, starling, startling, stealing, sterling, stifling, stockpiling, stonewalling, storytelling, straddling, strickling, stripling, strolling, styling, suckling, surveilling, swashbuckling, swelling, swilling, swindling, swirling, tackling, tailing, tangling, telling, thrilling, Tilling, toddling, toggling, toiling, tolling, tooling, trailing, trampling, trickling, trifling, trilling, trolling, twiddling, twirling, unappealing, unavailing, unbundling, underling, underselling, unfailing, unfeeling, unfurling, unsmiling, untangling, unveiling, unwilling, veiling, waffling, wailing, walling, weakling, welling, whaling, wheeling, whirling, whistling, whittling, wholesaling, wiling, willing, wrestling, yearling, yelling. |
| 5 | -Ä" d l i ng | toddling. |
| 4 | -d l i ng | cuddling, dawdling, fiddling, foundling, groundling, handling, kindling, mishandling, needling, panhandling, Pindling, rekindling, Sandling, seedling, straddling, swindling, twiddling, unbundling. |
| 3 | -l i ng | annealing, appalling, appealing, ailing, ambling, angling, assailing, assembling, babbling, backpedaling, baffling, bailing, baling, balling, bankrolling, barreling, battling, beguiling, belittling, Belling, bicycling, billing, blackmailing, boggling, boiling, Bolling, bottling, bowling, brawling, bristling, broiling, bubbling, buckling, bugling, bumbling, bundling, bungling, burgling, burling, bustling, cackling, cajoling, calling, canceling, cancelling, Carling, ceiling, channeling, chilling, chortling, chronicling, chuckling, circling, coddling, commingling, compelling, compiling, concealing, consoling, controlling, cooling, corralling, counseling, countervailing, coupling, cowling, crackling, cradling, crawling, crippling, crumbling, culling, curling, curtailing, cycling, dabbling, dangling, darling, dazzling, dealing, decoupling, derailing, detailing, Dialing, disabling, disgruntling, dismantling, dispelling, dissembling, distilling, doling, doubling, dribbling, drilling, drizzling, drooling, duckling, dueling, dulling, dumpling, dwelling, dwindling, earthling, emailing, embezzling, empaneling, enabling, encircling, enrolling, entailing, entangling, entitling, equaling, excelling, expelling, extolling, failing, falling, feeling, felling, filing, filling, fizzling, flailing, fledgling, foaling, foiling, fondling, fooling, forestalling, foretelling, fouling, freewheeling, fueling, fuelling, fulfilling, fumbling, funneling, galling, gambling, giggling, gobbling, grappling, Grayling, grilling, groveling, growling, grueling, grumbling, gurgling, guzzling, haggling, hailing, hassling, hauling, healing, heckling, helling, hilling, hobbling, holing, howling, huddling, humbling, hurdling, hurling, hurtling, hustling, idling, imperiling, inhaling, initialing, inkling, installing, instilling, intermingling, jailing, jiggling, jostling, juggling, Keeling, killing, kneeling, labeling, leveling, lolling, Lulling, mailing, mangling, Marling, marshaling, meddling, Melling, middling, milling, mingling, mislabeling, misspelling, mothballing, mottling, muddling, mulling, mumbling, muscling, nailing, nestling, nibbling, nonruling, oiling, outselling, overbilling, overhauling, overkilling, overruling, overselling, paddling, paneling, paralleling, parboiling, parceling, paroling, patrolling, pearling, pedaling, peddling, peeling, pickling, piddling, piling, Pilling, poling, polling, pooling, prevailing, profiling, propelling, prowling, pulling, pummeling, puzzling, quadrupling, quarreling, quelling, quibbling, quilling, Quisling, railing, rambling, rankling, rappelling, rattling, raveling, rebelling, recalling, reconciling, recycling, redoubling, reeling, refueling, regaling, remodeling, repealing, repelling, rescheduling, reselling, resembling, reshuffling, retailing, retelling, retooling, revealing, reveling, ridiculing, Riesling, rifling, rilling, rippling, rivaling, roiling, rolling, rototilling, ruffling, ruling, rumbling, rustling, saddling, sailing, sampling, sapling, scaling, scheduling, Schilling, schooling, scowling, scrambling, scribbling, scuttling, sealing, Seeling, selling, settling, shelling, shilling, shoveling, shriveling, shuffling, shuttling, sibling, signaling, signalling, singling, sizzling, skilling, smelling, smiling, smuggling, snarling, Snelling, snowballing, sparkling, Sparling, spelling, spilling, spiraling, spiralling, spoiling, sprawling, sprinkling, squabbling, squealing, stalling, stapling, starling, startling, stealing, stenciling, sterling, stifling, stockpiling, stonewalling, storytelling, strangling, strickling, stripling, strolling, struggling, stumbling, styling, suckling, surveilling, swashbuckling, swelling, swilling, swirling, swiveling, tabling, tackling, tailing, tangling, telling, thrilling, throttling, Tilling, tingling, tinkling, toggling, toiling, tolling, tooling, toppling, totaling, totalling, toweling, trailing, trampling, traveling, travelling, trembling, trickling, trifling, trilling, tripling, trolling, troubling, tumbling, tunneling, twinkling, twirling, unappealing, unavailing, underling, underselling, unfailing, unfeeling, unfurling, unraveling, unsettling, unsmiling, untangling, unveiling, unwilling, veiling, waffling, waggling, wailing, walling, warbling, weakling, welling, whaling, wheeling, whirling, whistling, whittling, wholesaling, wiggling, wiling, willing, wobbling, wrangling, wrestling, wrinkling, yearling, yelling, yodeling. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "d-e-g-i-l-m-n-o" | |
-1 letter: demoing, glenoid, melding, mendigo, mingled, molding. | |
-2 letters: dingle, doling, dolmen, domine, doming, dongle, eloign, emodin, engild, glimed, golden, indole, legion, limned, lomein, longed, meloid, midleg, milden, mingle, moiled, moline, monied, oilmen. | |
-3 letters: deign, demon, denim, dinge, dingo, dogie, doing, eloin, gelid, genom, geoid, gimel, glide, glime, gnome, golem, indol, ingle, lemon, limed, limen. | |
| Words containing the letters "d-e-g-i-l-m-n-o" | |
+1 letter: comingled, modelings, modelling, moldering, remolding. | |
+2 letters: commingled, melodising, melodizing, mouldering, premolding, remodeling, smoldering. | |
+3 letters: demolishing, dislodgment, emboldening, imboldening, mongrelized, moonlighted, remodelling, smouldering. | |
+4 letters: demobilizing, demodulating, demonologies, demonologist, demoralizing, dislodgement, dislodgments, misknowledge, multipronged, unglamorized. | |
+5 letters: deformalizing, deglamorizing, demonological, demonologists, disemboweling, dislodgements, domineeringly, misdeveloping, misknowledges, monoglyceride, sedimentology. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Sounds 10. Quotations: Non-fiction 11. Quotations: Spoken 12. Usage Frequency | 13. Expressions 14. Expressions: Internet 15. Translations: Modern 16. Derivations | 17. Rhymes 18. Anagrams 19. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
