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Military

Definition: Military

Military

Adjective

1. Of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare; "military law".

2. Characteristic of or associated with soldiers or the military; "military uniforms".

3. Associated with or performed by armed services as contrasted with civilians; "military police".

Noun

1. The military forces of a nation.

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "military" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1258. (references)

 

Specialty Definition: Military

DomainDefinition

Computing

An Internet domain name ("dot mil"). Source: European Union. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Armed force

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

An Armed Force is formed for the defensive purpose of controlling territory or other economic resources, and/or for the offensive purpose of seizing the same from another entity.

The study of the use of Armed Forces is called Military Science. Broadly speaking, this involves considering offense and defense at three "levels": strategy, operative art, and tactics. All of these areas study the proper application of the use of force in order to achieve a desired objective.

Organization

Armed forces may be organized as standing forces, which describes a professional army that is engaged in no other profession than preparing for and engaging in warfare. In contrast, there is the citizen army. A citizen army (also known as a militia or reserve) is only formed as needed. Its advantage lies in the fact that it is dramatically less expensive (in terms of wealth, manpower, and opportunity cost) for the organizing society to support. The disadvantage is that such a "citizen's army" is less well trained and organized. Historically, professional armies often triumph over much larger citizen armies when engaged in combat.

A compromise between the two has a small cadre of professional NCOs (non-commissioned officers) and officers who act as a skeleton for a much larger force. When war comes, this skeleton is filled out with conscripts or reservists (former soldiers who volunteer for a small stipend to occasionally train with the cadre to keep their military skills intact), who form the wartime unit. This balances the pros and cons of each basic organization, and allows the formation of huge armies (in terms of millions of combatants), necessary in modern large scale warfare.

Militaries in many larger countries are divided into an army, an air force, and a navy (if necessary). These divisions may be solely for the purposes of training and support, or may be completely independent branches responsible for conducting operations independently of other services. Most smaller countries have a single military that encompasses all armed forces employed by the country in question.

Benefits and Costs

The obvious benefit of any military is in providing protection from foreign armed forces, and from internal conflict. In recent decades standing armies have also been used as emergency civil support roles in post-disaster situations. On the other hand they may also harm a society by engaging in counter-productive (or merely unsuccessful) warfare, by domestic repression, or simply by supporting the idea that violence (or the threat thereof) is the way to get what one wants.

Military investment in science and technology has brought many side benefits, although some argue that greater benefits would come from targetting the money directly at wanted technologies and basic science.

Over-investment in military forces can drain a society of needed manpower and material, significantly impacting civilian living standards. If continued over a significant period of time, this results in reduced civilian research and development, degrading the society's ability to improve its infrastructure. This lack of development in turn affects the military in a vicious cycle. See the Soviet Union for a typical modern example of this problem.

Transarmament is a recent movement to replace armed forces with nonviolence training and infrastructure.

Armed forces of the world

Military of Afghanistan
Military of Albania
Military of Austria
Military of Belgium
Military of China
Military of Colombia
Military of Cuba
Military of Denmark
Military of France
Military of Finland
Military of Germany
Military of Honduras
Military of Hong Kong
Military of Hungary
Military of Indonesia
Military of Italy
Military of Israel
Military of Liechtenstein
Military of the Netherlands
Military of Norway
Military of Portugal
Military of Russia
Military of Saudi Arabia
Military of Serbia and Montenegro
Military of Singapore
Military of South Africa
Military of Spain
Military of Sudan
Military of Syria
Military of Sweden
Military of Switzerland
Military of Taiwan
Military of Tajikistan
Military of Turkmenistan
Military of Turkey
Military of the United Arab Emirates
Military of the United Kingdom
Military of the United States
Military of Uzbekistan
Military of Yemen

See also: Military Science, Military History, Military Junta, Military tactics, Military technology and equipment and Military academy, Military incompetence, Military fiat, Military Aid to the Civil Power, Military Aid to the Civil Community

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Armed force."

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Army

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

An army can refer to all of a nation's land-based military forces or a specific large military force.

Military Land Forces

An army is a military organization. It can refer to any armed force, or more specifically a force primarily designed for land-based war.

Most (but not all) armed forces make considerable organizational distinction between the land-based warfare of an army, the sea-based warfare of a navy, and the air-based warfare of an air force - often splitting the three components into mostly independent forces.

This convention can vary widely between nations and can change over time. For example, the People's Liberation Army of China controls the Chinese air force and navy, which are actually called the People's Liberation Army Navy and the People's Liberation Army Air Force. The ancestor of the United States Air Force was the United States Army Air Corps.

Modern armies use infantry, armoured fighting vehicles (e.g. tanks), artillery, and aircraft (usually helicopters).

Armies of the World

See also

Military Unit

An army can also be a large military unit. When used in this sense, the army is named or numbered to distinguish it from military land forces in general - for example, 1st Army and The Army of Norhern Virginia.

The hierarchy of large land force units is

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Israel Defence Forces

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

The Israel Defence Forces (IDF; Hebrew: צבא הגנה לישראל Tsva Haganah Le-Israel, often abbreviated צה"ל Tsahal) is the name of Israel's armed forces (army, air force and navy). It was formed following the founding of Israel in 1948 to "defend the existence, territorial integrity and sovereignty of the state of Israel" and "to protect the inhabitants of Israel and to combat all forms of terrorism which threaten the daily life." The predecessors to the IDF were the Haganah (in particular, its operative detachmen, the Palmach) and the British armed forces, in particular the Jewish Brigade that fought during World War II.

After the establishment of the IDF, the two Jewish guerillas the Irgun and Stern gang came under control of the IDF. But they were allowed to operate independently in Jerusalem until the end of the 1948 Arab-Israeli war after which they eventually dispersed.

For detailed IDF history, see: Israel Defence Forces History.

Israel Defence Forces
Military manpower
Military age18 years of age
Availability males age 15-49: 1,499,186 (2000 est.)
females age 15-49: 1,462,063 (2000 est.)
Fit for military service males age 15-49: 1,226,903 (2000 est.)
females age 15-49: 1,192,319 (2000 est.)
Reaching military age annually males: 50,348 (2000 est.)
females: 47,996 (2000 est.)
Military expenditures
Dollar figure$8.7 billion (FY99)
Percent of GDP9.4% (FY99)

Overview

The IDF falls under the command of a single general staff. The current head of staff is Lieutenant-General (Rav-Aluf) Moshe (Boogie) Ya'alon, answerable to the Minister of Defence.

The Chief of the General Staff (in Hebrew: רמטכ"ל, pronounced: Ramatkal) is the high commander of the IDF and answers to the Defence minister and the Prime minister. All Ramatkals are in the rank of Lieutenant General (in Hebrew: רב אלוף , pronounced: "Rav Aluf").

Service is mandatory for Jewish men and women over the age of 18, although exemptions may be made on religious grounds. The fact that an increasing number of people in the ultraorthodox community are exempt, has been a source of tension in Israeli society. Druze also serve in the IDF. In recent years, some Druze officers have reached positions in the IDF as high as Major General. Israeli Arabs, with few exceptions, are not obliged to serve, though they may volunteer.

Six Israeli Arabs have received orders of distinction as a part of their military service; of them the most famous is a Bedouin officer, Lieutenant Colonel Abd El-Amin Hajer (also known as Amos Yarkoni), that has received the Order of Example. Recently, a Bedouin officer was promoted to the rank of Colonel.

Men serve three years in the IDF, as do the women in combat positions, while women in non-combat positions serve two. The IDF requires women who volunteer for combat positions to serve for three years because combat soldiers must go through a lengthy period of training, and the IDF wants to get as much use of that training as possible. In addition, men serve up to one month annually of reserve service, up to the age of 43-45. No direct social benefits are tied to completion of military service, but doing it is required for attaining a security clearance and serving in some types of government positions (in most cases, security-related); Israeli Arabs claim, however, that this puts them at a disadvantage.

During 1950-66, Israel spent an average of 9% of its GDP on defense. Defense expenditures increased dramatically after both the 1967 and 1973 wars. In 1996, the military budget reached 10.6% of GDP and represented about 21.5% of the total 1996 budget.

In 1983, the United States and Israel established the Joint Political Military Group, which meets twice a year. Both the U.S. and Israel participate in joint military planning and combined exercises, and have collaborated on military research and weapons development.

Military branches:

Israeli Military Technology

The IDF is considered to be one of the most high-tech armies in the world, possesing top-of-the-notch weapons and computer systems. Beside of purchasing American-made weapon systems (such as the M4A1 assult rifle, F-15 Eagle and F-16 Fighting Falcon jets and Apache helicopter), the IDF holds a large department of weapon develoment, Refael (The Authority For Weapons Development), which develops new weapons and technology to the IDF. Most of the technologies are produced by the Israeli security industries including the IMI, Elbit, El-Op and the IAI.

Currently Israel is the only country in the world with anti ballistic missile defence system "Hetz" and working with the USA on development of a tactical high energy laser system against medium range rockets (THEL Nautilus). Also, Israel have the rare capability of launching its own satellites into orbit (a capability which is held beside Israel only by the USA, Russia, China, UK, Japan and France).

Main Israeli Developments:

More information: Israeli Weapons

Nuclear capability?

Most analysts hold it that Israel is the only nuclear power in the middle east. The Israeli government has neither acknowledged nor denied that it possesses nuclear weapons, an official policy referred to as "ambiguity".

Gathering information from various sources, it is generally believed that nuclear weapons have been developed at the Dimona nuclear reactor since the 1960s.

Very little can be said with certainty beyond this. The Federation of American Scientists (see references) claims that the first two nuclear bombs probably were operational before the Six-Day War. It is widely reported that Prime Minister Eshkol ordered them armed in Israel's first nuclear alert during that war. It is also reported that, fearing defeat in the October 1973 Yom Kippur War, the Israelis assembled 13 twenty-kiloton nuclear bombs. Naturally, it is next to impossible to confirm this information.

The current size and composition of Israel's nuclear stockpile is uncertain, and is the subject of various estimates and reports. FAS estimates that Israel probably has 100-200 nuclear warheads, which can be delivered by airplanes (A4 Skyhawk or converted F-4 Phantom II), or ballistic missiles (Lance, Jericho, or Jericho II missiles). The Jericho II is reported to have a range between 1,500 and 4,000 kms, meaning that it can target sites as far away as central Russia.

Recent policies and tactics

The IDF uses sophisticated technology, and due to their long experience fighting Palestinian guerrillas, have developed methods of crowd control and use of non-lethal force, in particular in scenarios when armed clashes occur in the presence of unarmed crowds. Some, however, criticise the IDF's methods, as there were numerous cases in which unarmed civilians have died during clashes.

Some of the unarmed civillians, however, found themselves in the line of fire after travelling thousands of miles from other countries. Often they had entered Israel as tourists, but their agenda was obstructing IDF activity, on the grounds that the IDF's actions are "immoral" and harmful to the Palestinian population.

For example, Rachel Corrie was killed during a clash between about ten unarmed International Solidarity Movement activists and two Israeli bulldozers and a tank. The official IDF investigation concluded that Ms. Corrie's death was an accident, as she was crushed by rubble and hidden from the driver's eyes. This conclusion is hotly contested by the other ISM members who were present. Many interest groups have used her death to denounce the IDF's moral standards in the international media.

The IDF gained experience in low intensity warfare during the years it held a security zone in Lebanon fighting Palestinian militias and later Hizbullah. During the Second Intifada, the IDF developed special tactics to keep casulties low without hurting civilians. Such tactics are deemed necessary because Palestinian organizations (Hamas, Islamic Jihad and the Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades) hide among the civilian population in order to deter the IDF from attacking them. However, the terror of 2002 and the "Passover Massacre" forced the IDF to enter cities and refugees camps and engage in urban warfare. The famous urban battles of Operation Defensive Shield were Jenin (notable for massacre allegations and use of Caterpillar D9 bulldozers), Tulkarem (swarming) and Nablus (swarming with armor).

Israel targets and detains individuals to avert future terrorist acts. In addition, Israel employs a strategy of assassinations (called targeted killings by proponents).

It should be noted that assassinations are a gray area in international relations. Most developed nations, including the U.S., do not consider the assassination of political leaders legitimate. However, since 2001 the U.S. has openly tried to assassinate leaders of two countries (Mullah Omar and Saddam Hussein) with missile-armed remote-controlled drones.

In the Second Intifada, Israel's official "most wanted" list has become the list of likely future targets. In the majority of cases, Israel prefers to arrest as it may lead to intelligence not otherwise obtained.

In an interview with the BBC (linked below) Giora Eiland, the chief of Military Planning department of the IDF General Staff, defines four criteria necessary to carrying out an assassination:

  1. No way to arrest the particular individual
  2. The target is important enough
  3. The assassination can be carried out with minimal civilian casualties
  4. The operation cannot be delayed - meaning the target is a "ticking bomb", ready to execute an attack

If the criteria are met, the target can be killed by various methods, including sniper fire, explosive devices, helicopter-launched rockets or aerial bombs. By using this method, according to Israeli spokepeople, Israel hopes to minimize Palestinian civilian casualties while preventing severe attacks from being carried out.

The method remains highly controversial however, inside as well as outside Israel, also because of the risk of hurting non-combatant civilians in the process. Many reject its legitimacy outright, while supporters say there is no viable alternative. It is seen and accepted by the majority of Israeli public only as a measure of last resort, facing the Palestinian Authority's perceived complicity, in the very least by non-prevention.

Refusal to Serve

Although small numbers of IDF soldiers refused to serve in Lebanon and during the first intifada, the Al-Aqsa intifada has seen the phenomenon growing to the extent that it has become a major public controversy. The refusers (known as seruvniks after the Hebrew word for refusal) are not strictly conscientious objectors, since they don't refuse military service in general but only refuse to serve in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. A public letter of refusal issued in January 2002 had by September 2003 been signed by 550 active or reserve soldiers. The letter promises to "continue serving in the Israel Defense Forces in any mission that serves Israel's defense" but refuses to "continue to fight beyond the 1967 borders in order to dominate, expel, starve and humiliate an entire people".

Though lauded as heros by some, the seruvniks have been condemned by all the major Israeli political parties and by almost every major newspaper editorial. Air-force chief Halutz called refusal "the mother of all dangers to our people". Some of the seruvniks have been prosecuted and spent time in prison but others have been quietly transferred to alternative duties.

On September 25, 2003, a similar declaration of refusal to serve was made by 27 air-force pilots including 9 active pilots, but only 2 who were involved in aerial attacks in the territories. The refusers' petition was widely condemned by other IAF pilots.

Further reference

See also: Israel, Israel Defence Forces History, Arab-Israeli conflict, Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Nuclear proliferation, Military technology and equipment.

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Military of Algeria

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Algerian armed forces, known collectively as the Popular National Army (ANP), total 119,000 members, with some 100,000 reservists. The army is under the control of the president, who also is minister of National Defense. Defense expenditures accounted for some $1.9 billion or 1.5% of GDP. Two years of national military service is compulsory for males.

Algeria is a leading military power in the region and has its force oriented toward its western (Morocco) and eastern (Libya) borders. Its primary military supplier has been the former Soviet Union, which has sold various types of sophisticated equipment under military trade agreements, and China. Algeria has attempted, in recent years, to diversify its sources of military material. Military forces are supplemented by a 45,000-member gendarmerie or rural police force under the control of the president and 30,000-member Sureté National or Metropolitan police force under the Ministry of the Interior.

Military
Military branches: National Popular Army, Navy, Air Force, Territorial Air Defense, National Gendarmerie

Military manpower - military age: 19 years of age

Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 9,243,884 (2003 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service: males age 15-49: 5,646,418 (2003 est.)

Military manpower - reaching military age annually: males: 412,545 (2003 est.)

Military expenditures - dollar figure: $1.87 billion (FY99)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 4.1% (FY99)

Reference

Much of the material in this article comes from the CIA World Factbook 2003 and the 2003 U.S. Department of State website.

See also : Algeria

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Military of Algeria."

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Military of Belgium

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Military branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie

Military manpower - military age: 19 years of age

Military manpower - availability:
males age 15-49: 2,527,752 (2000 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service:
males age 15-49: 2,090,800 (2000 est.)

Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
males: 64,165 (2000 est.)

Military expenditures - dollar figure: $2.8 billion (FY99)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 1.2% (FY99)

Reference

Much of the material in this article comes from the CIA World Factbook 2000.

See also : Belgium

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Military of Belgium."

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Military of Brazil

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Military branches: Brazilian Army, Brazilian Navy (includes naval air and marines), Brazilian Air Force, Federal Police (paramilitary)

Military manpower - military age: 18 years of age

Military manpower - availability:
males age 15-49: 47,732,285 (2000 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service:
males age 15-49: 32,029,873 (2000 est.)

Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
males: 1,830,195 (2000 est.)

Military expenditures - dollar figure: $13.408 billion (FY99)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 1.9% (FY99)

See Also:

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Military of Poland

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

The army of Poland consists of conscript and professional soldiers. Its military usefulness is questioned and most of its weapons and other hardware is obsolete.

During communism, most of the Polish army was located on the western border. Currently the size of the army is being reduced, and it is moved to other parts of the country.

Poland's top national security goal is to further integrate with NATO and other west European defense, economic, and political institutions via a modernization and reorganization of its military. Polish military doctrine reflects the same defense nature as its NATO partners.

Poland maintains a sizable armed force currently numbering about 175,343 troops divided among an army of 96,733, an air and defense force of 39,649, and a navy of 15,980. The Ministry of Defense has announced that the armed forces of Poland will number 150,000 by 2006. Poland relies on military conscription for the majority of its personnel strength. All males (with some exceptions) are subject to a 12-month term of military service.

The Polish military continues to restructure and to modernize its equipment. The Polish Defense Ministry General Staff and the Land Forces staff have recently reorganized the latter into a NATO-compatible J/G-1 through J/G-6 structure. Budget constraints hamper such priority defense acquisitions as a multi-role fighter, improved communications systems, and an attack helicopter.

Poland continues to be a regional leader in support and participation in the NATO Partnership for Peace Program and has actively engaged most of its neighbors and other regional actors to build stable foundations for future European security arrangements. Poland continues its long record of strong support for UN Peacekeeping Operations by maintaining a unit in Southern Lebanon, a battalion in NATO's Kosovo Force (KFOR), and by providing and actually deploying the KFOR strategic reserve to Kosovo. Poland has also deployed military in the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq in the south of that country.

Military branches: Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Force

Military manpower - military age: 19 years of age

Military manpower - availability:
males age 15-49: 10,454,717 (2000 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service:
males age 15-49: 8,138,723 (2000 est.)

Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
males: 336,293 (2000 est.)

Military expenditures - dollar figure: $3.2 billion (FY00)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 2.1% (FY00) Polish military forces are propably the only one in the world that use two-fingers salute.

See also : Poland

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Military of Poland."

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Military preparations for 2003 invasion of Iraq

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

By late 2002, following the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attack, there was a steady flow of U.S. forces into the Gulf region. President Bush made a number of speeches linking the Iraqi regime to Al Qaeda or "Al Qaeda type" organisations, although little hard evidence was provided. By March 17, 2003, around 270,000 U.S. and British troops were in the region. The U.S. forces consisted of:

The planning for the invasion was remarkable for the relative openness of the debate. The main disagreement concerning tactics was between civilian Pentagon officials who preferred a military plan similar to the U.S. action in Afghanistan involving light forces and mobility, and military officers who preferred a variation of Desert Storm with intense air bombardment followed by a massive ground attack.

The resulting plan was a combination of both approaches. It was summarized in a classified document detailing military options, prepared for President Bush by American military planners. Military planning for an invasion focused on a short intensive bombing campaign followed by a land invasion by troops based in Kuwait.

The plan for the invasion proper called for a massive aerial bombardment to begin, possibly intended to produce a shock and awe effect. Unlike Desert Storm, the air war was planned to use a yet untested doctrine known as effects based air war. Instead of generally destroying targets, the air war was to focus primarily at targets whose destruction is time critical and aim at disrupting and paralyzing the Iraqi army rather than outright destruction of units. US military forces spoke extensively on this part of the war. The development of precision guided munitions, especially the JDAM series of munitions, changed American doctrine on an attack in Iraq. Targets were to be similar to those struck in 1991 - air defense radars, missiles, and command-and-control posts, power distribution, and the road network in Iraq - but JDAM munitions allow a greater degree of precision, and an ability to bomb through cloud cover. In addition, precision guided munitions are intended to reduce civilian casualties.

The U.S. government stated that if Iraq used chemical or biological weapons, it might be countered by American nuclear weapons, as per American military doctrine.

Military preparations

A classified document detailing military options for an invasion was prepared for President Bush by American military planners prior to his speech on September 12, 2002 at the United Nations calling for a UN Security Council resolution. Military planning for an invasion seems to focus on an intensive bombing campaign followed by a land invasion in the winter by troops based in Kuwait. Depending on the degree of international support, especially as reflected in a Security Council resolution additional resources may be available in Saudi Arabia, eastern Turkey, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman and possibly Kurdish areas in northern Iraq. In the case of Qatar, despite being the site of an American base, the government has expressed its opposition to participating in an invasion although no actual request has been made of it by the United States.

Throughout late 2002 and early 2003, an increasing number of US and British troops have been flowing into bases in the area in preparation for action. Current estimates are 25,000 British and over 100,000 US troops.

United States Order of Battle

Units expected to be mobilized are:

In December 2002, the United States had one brigade, identified as the Third Brigade, 3rd Infantry Division (Mechanized), 4,000 strong, involved in desert attack training in Operation DESERT SPRING. including 100 M1A1 Abrams main battle tanks. The remainder of the 3rd Infantry Division has been mobilized and will leave Fort Stewart, Georgia, for Kuwait soon. In addition, the III Corps, from Fort Hood, Texas, which includes the 1st Cavalry Division and the 4th Infantry Division (Mechanized), are likely to be alerted.

Much of the United States Air Force was alerted to deploy overseas, including the 4th Fighter Wing from Seymour Johnson AFB, South Carolina; the 5th Bomb Wing, flying B-52H bombers, from Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana; and additional units. Extra Air Force security squadrons were being sent from bases in Europe and the United States to the Gulf. Germany agreed to provide base security for U.S. Air Force in Europe bases within its borders; in the Continental United States, Army National Guard battalions are being called to active duty.

Three to four U.S. carrier battle groups remained in the Persian Gulf at one time. Each carrier carries 72 combat aircraft. As of December 2002, carriers were still rotated out to their homeports when new groups arrive.

The Coalition force was eventually expected to be 250,000 strong, half the size of the force used in the 1991 Persian Gulf War.

Division commanders joined Lieutenant General William S. Wallace at U.S. Army V Corps Headquarters in Germany to take part in computerized exercises, called VICTORY SCRIMMAGE, to rehearse potential war plans.

Air Attack: The First Phase of the War

To some extent, the air war over Iraq began when the United States and Great Britain enforced "no-fly zones" over the north and the south of the country. The zones were imposed to prevent the Iraqi military from launching helicopter or aircraft strikes on Shi'a Muslim regions of the south, as Iraq did immediately after the 1991 Persian Gulf War, and the Kurdish autonomous zone in the north of the country. The Iraqi government stated that the imposition of these zones is a violation of national sovereignty. Iraqi anti-aircraft units fired on U.S. and British aircraft; these two nations, in turn, responded with attacks on Iraqi defense sites.

The development of precision guided munitions, especially the Joint Direct Action Munition (JDAM) series of munitions, changed American doctrine on an attack in Iraq. Targets were similar to those struck in 1991 -- air defense radars, missiles, and command-and-control posts, power distribution, and the road network in Iraq -- but JDAM munitions allowed a greater degree of precision, and an ability to bomb through cloud cover.

B-2 Spirit bombers of the 509th Bomb Wing, from Whiteman Air Force Base, Missouri, were moved to Diego Garcia, a British dependency in the Indian Ocean which is leased by the United States. The B-2s carry 2,000-pound precision-guided bombs. Each bomb can be guided individually by the Global Positioning System satellite system.

Wings of B-1 Lancer bombers and F-15 Eagle fighters were alerted for deployment.

Indeed the air strikes would seek a "Shock and Awe" effect, or saturation bombing, in order to prompt the Iraqi military toward surrender. This strategy would also address the possible use of chemical and biological weapons by Iraq.

Iraqi Defenses and Countermoves

The key units Iraq depended on to stop the Coalition were six Republican Guard divisions (strength: 85,000), two Special Republican Guard brigades, two Special Forces brigades (strength: 15,000), and internal security forces. The Iraqi Army was 300,000 strong.

See also 2003 invasion of Iraq

External links and references

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People's Liberation Army

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

The People's Liberation Army (PLA; Chinese: 人民解放軍, pinyin: Rénmín Jĭefàng Jūn), including strategic nuclear forces, and a army, navy, and air force, serves as the military of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Its 2.8 million strong force makes it the largest army in the world. The PLA was established in the 1920s as the military arm of the Communist Party of China. It was originally named the Red Army. The People's Liberation Army's insignia consists of a round device with a design of five stars and the Chinese characters "ba-yi" (August 1, the anniversary of the 1927 Nanchang Uprising), surrounded by wheat ears and cog wheels. (Use of the insignia is governed by the 1984 Military Service Law.)


high resolution version

Organization

Within the PRC government, the PLA maintains a semi-autonomous existence. The PLA reports not to the State Council of the People's Republic of China but rather to two Central Military Commissions, one belonging to the state and one belonging to the party. In practice, the two CMC's do not conflict because their membership is almost identical.

By convention the chairman and vice-chairman of the Central Military Commission are civilian members of the Communist Party of China, but they are not necessarily the heads of the civilian government. It was the case with both Jiang Zemin and Deng Xiaoping, that the retained the office of chairman even after relinquishing their other positions.

In contrast to other nations, the Minister of National Defense of the People's Republic of China is not the head of the military, and is in fact a rather low ranking official.

Branches: People's Liberation Army (PLA), which includes the Ground Forces; Navy (includes Naval Infantry (marines) and Naval Aviation); Air Force, Second Artillery Corps (the strategic missile force); People's Armed Police (internal security troops, nominally subordinate to Ministry of Public Security, but included by the Chinese as part of the "armed forces" and considered to be an adjunct to the PLA in wartime)

See also:

People's Liberation Army
Military manpower
Military age18 years of age
Availabilitymales age 15-49: 363,050,980 (2000 est.)
Fit for military servicemales age 15-49: 199,178,361 (2000 est.)
Reaching military age annuallymales: 10,839,039 (2000 est.)
Military expenditures
Dollar figure$12.608 billion (FY99)
Percent of GDP1.2% (FY99)
Note: The actual amount of PRC military spending remains highly controversial. First of all, the military may get resources which are not listed in the official budget. Second, it is difficult to get agreement on the conversion factor used to convert military expenditures to dollars.

History

The People's Liberation Army was founded on August 1, 1927 during the Nanchang uprising when troops of the Kuomintang rebelled under the leadership of Zhu De and Zhou Enlai after the end of the first Kuomintang-Communist alliance. They were known as the Red Army. Between 1934 and 1935, the Red Army survived several campaigns lead against it by Chiang Kai-Shek and engaged in the Long March.

During the Sino-Japanese War, the Red Army was nominally integrated into the Chinese national army forming the Eighth Road Army and the New Fourth Army units. During this time, the Red Army used primarily guerilla tactics, but also fought several conventional battles with the Japanese and the Kuomintang.

After the end of the Sino-Japanese War, the Red Army renamed itself the PLA and won a civil war against the Kuomintang.

During the 1950's, the PLA with Soviet help transformed itself from a peasant army into a more modern one. One of the earliest operations was the reoccupation of Tibet in 1950. In December 1951, the PLA intervened in the Korean War as United Nations forces under General Douglas MacArthur approached the Yalu River. Under the weight of this offensive, Chinese forces captured Seoul, but were subsequently pushed back to a line roughly straddling the 38th Parallel. The war ended as a standstill in 1953. In 1962, the PLA also defeated India in the Sino-Indian War.

Establishment of a professional military force equipped with modern weapons and doctrine was the last of the "Four Modernizations" announced by Zhou Enlai and supported by Deng Xiaoping. In keeping with Deng's mandate to reform, the PLA has demobilized millions of men and women since 1978 and has introduced modern methods in such areas as recruitment and manpower, strategy, and education and training. In 1979, the PLA fought Vietnam in the Sino-Vietnamese War.

In the 1980s, the PRC shrunk its military considerably on the theory that freeing up resources for economic development was in the PRC's interest.

Following the 1989 Tiananmen crackdown, ideological correctness was temporarily revived as the dominant theme in Chinese military affairs. Reform and modernization appear to have since resumed their position as the PLA's priority objectives, although the armed forces' political loyalty to the Communist Party of China remains a leading concern. One other area of concern to the political leadership was the PLA's involvement in civilian economic activities. Concern that these activities were adversely impacting PLA readiness has led the political leadership to, with great success, remove the PLA's business empire.

Beginning in the 1980s, the PLA tried to transform itself from a land-based power, centered on a vast ground force, to a smaller, mobile, high-tech military capable of mounting defensive operations beyond its coastal borders. The motivation for this was that a massive land invasion by Russia is no longer seen as a major threat, and the new threats to the PRC are seen to be a declaration of independence by Taiwan, possibly with assistance from the United States, or a confrontation over the Spratly Islands. In addition, the economic center of gravity of mainland China has shifted from the interior to the coastal regions and the PRC is now more dependent on trade than it has been in the past. Furthermore, the possibility of a militarily resurgent Japan remains a worry to the Chinese military leadership.

The PRC's power-projection capability is limited and one Chinese general characterized China's military as having "short arms and weak legs". There has however been an effort to redress these deficiencies in recent years. The PLA has acquired some advanced weapons systems, including Sovremmeny class destroyers, Sukhoi-27 and Sukhoi-30 aircraft, and Kilo-class diesel submarines from Russia. However, the mainstay of the air force continues to be the 1960s-vintage F-7 fighter. In addition, the PLA has attempted to build an indigenous aerospace and military industry with its production of the F-10, which reportedly contains technology supplied by Israel from its Lavi fighter program as well as technology reverse-engineered from an F-16 reportedly given to the PRC by Pakistan. However, this effort has met with limited success as evidenced by the purchase of military arms from Russia and the delay in showing F-10 prototypes in November 2002 at an airshow in southern China.

China's military leadership has also been reacting to the display of American military might during the Gulf War.

During the 1980s and 1990s, the PLA became extensively involved in creating a business empire including companies in areas not normally associated with the military (i.e., travel and real estate). Much of the motivation for this was to supplement the PLA's normal budget, whose growth was restricted. Chairman Mao's belief that people and groups should be self-sufficient also played a role in the PLA's varied business interests. In the early 1990s, the leadership of the Communist Party and the high command of the PLA became alarmed that these business transactions were in conflict with the PLA's military mission. The business interests of the PLA were eroding military discipline, and there were reports of corruption resulting from the PLA businesses. As a result, the PLA was ordered to spin off its companies. Typically, the actual management of the companies did not change, but the officers involved were retired from active duty within the PLA and the companies were given private boards of retired PLA officers. Military units were compensated for the loss of profitable businesses with increased state funding.

Campaigns of the Red/People's Liberation Army

PLA In Internal Security

In general, the PLA has been extremely reluctant to be involved in internal security and views these sort of activities as a distraction from its primary purpose of national defense. Responsibility for internal security has been put into the hands of the paramilitary People's Armed Police, of which the PLA generally has a low opinion.

The PLA has generally not been used for internal security but was used for this purpose during the Cultural Revolution as it was the only national institution to survive the turmoil. It was also deployed to quell anti-government demonstrations in Tibet in 1989 as well as the crackdown of the Tiananmen Protests of 1989.

Because the PLA has rarely been involved in internal security, public opinion of the PLA is rather high especially when compared with the public opinion of the Communist Party of China or the PRC government.

See also: Police in China

Technology

Nuclear Weapons

In 1955, Mao Zedong's Chinese Communist Party decided to proceed with a nuclear weapons program. The decision was made after the United States threatened the use of nuclear weapons against the PRC should it take action against Quemoy and Matsu, coupled with the lack of interest of the Soviet Union for using its nuclear weapons in defense of China.

It was developed with Soviet assistance until 1960. After its first nuclear test in October 1964, Beijing has deployed a modest but potent ballistic missile force, including land- and sea-based intermediate-range and intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs). It is estimated that the PRC has between 15-30 ICBMs capable of striking the United States with several hundred IRBMs able to strike Russia.

The PRC's nuclear program appears to follow a doctrine of minimal deterrence, which involves having the minimum force needed to deter an aggressor from launching a first strike. The current efforts of the PRC appear to be aimed at maintaining a survivable nuclear force by, for example, using solid-fueled ICBMs in silos rather than liquid-fueled missiles.

The PRC became a major international arms exporter during the 1980s. Beijing joined the Middle East arms control talks, which began in July 1991 to establish global guidelines for conventional arms transfers, but announced in September 1992 that it would no longer participate because of the U.S. decision to sell F-16A/B aircraft to Taiwan.

The PRC was the first state to pledge "no first use" of nuclear weapons. It joined the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in 1984 and pledged to abstain from further atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons in 1986. The PRC acceded to the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) in 1992 and supported its indefinite and unconditional extension in 1995. In 1996, it signed the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty and agreed to seek an international ban on the production of fissile nuclear weapons material.

In 1996, the PRC committed to not provide assistance to unsafeguarded nuclear facilities. The PRC attended the May 1997 meeting of the NPT Exporters (Zangger) Committee as an observer and became a full member in October 1997. The Zangger Committee is a group which meets to list items that should be subject to IAEA inspections if exported by countries, which have, as the PRC has, signed the Non-Proliferation Treaty. In September 1997, the PRC issued detailed nuclear export control regulations. The PRC began implementing regulations establishing controls over nuclear-related dual-use items in 1998. The PRC also has decided not to engage in new nuclear cooperation with Iran (even under safeguards), and will complete existing cooperation, which is not of proliferation concern, within a relatively short period. Based on significant, tangible progress with the PRC on nuclear nonproliferation, President Clinton in 1998 took steps to bring into force the 1985 U.S.-China Agreement on Peaceful Nuclear Cooperation.

Chemical Weapons

The People's Republic of China is not a member of the Australia Group, an informal and voluntary arrangement made in 1985 to monitor developments in the proliferation of dual-use chemicals and to coordinate export controls on key dual-use chemicals and equipment with weapons applications. In April 1997, however, the PRC ratified the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) and, in September 1997, promulgated a new chemical weapons export control directive.

Missiles

While not formally joining the regime, in March 1992, the PRC undertook to abide by the guidelines and parameters of the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR), the multinational effort to restrict the proliferation of missiles capable of delivering weapons of mass destruction. The PRC reaffirmed this commitment in 1994 and pledged not to transfer MTCR-class ground-to-ground missiles. In November 2000, the PRC committed to not assist in any way the development by other countries of MTCR-class missiles.

Land Mines

The PRC remains opposed to international agreements limiting the use of landmines.

Miscellaneous

The PLA maintains a number of garrisons in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, notably at the former Prince of Wales Building, Stonecutter's Island, and at Stanley Fort. Soldiers located at these garrisons are considered to be the cream of the PLA, but are not permitted to leave their compounds, even during off-duty times, to mingle with the local populace. A contingent of local Hong Kong press was taken on a tour of the Prince of Wales compound in 2002, and every year the Stanley Fort compound is opened for inspection to the public.

Compare to: Military of Taiwan

See also

External links

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Royal Flying Corps

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

The Royal Flying Corps (RFC) was the over-land air arm of the British military during most of World War I.

Origin

Formed by Royal Warrant on May 13, 1912, the RFC superseded the Air Branch of the Royal Engineers. By the end of that year, it had 12 manned Balloon and 36 biplane Fighter aircraft. The RFC was responsible for manning observation balloons on the Western front. For the first half of the war, the French air force vastly outnumbered the RFC, and accordingly did more fighting.

Aircraft

RFC and RNAS aircraft used during the war included the Airco DH2 DH4 DH5 and DH9, Armstrong-Whitworth FK3, Avro 504, Bleriot Experimental 2a 2b 2c, Bristol F2B Scout, Handley Page HP 0/400, Martinsyde G.100, Morane Bullet Biplanet Parasol, Nieuport Scout 17 23 & 27, Royal Aircraft Factory Scout Experimental 5 and 5a, BE2e BE12 FE2b FE8 RE7 and RE8, Sopwith Aviation Baby Camel Dolphin Pup Snipe & Strutter, SPAD S.VII and S.XIII, and Vickers FB5. Many technological advances took place. Planes became faster and more maneuverable, so they could attack enemy positions as well as scouting. Machine guns were fired between the propeller blades.

Actions

Despite the primitive aircraft, aggressive leadership by commander Hugh Trenchard led to many brave fighting exploits and many casualties - over 700 in 1916, the rate worsening thereafter. Eleven RFC members received the Victoria Cross during World War I.

Before the Battle of the Somme (1916) the RFC had 421 aircraft, with four kite-balloon squadrons and fourteen balloons. These made up four brigades, which worked with four British armies. The RFC drew on men from across the British Empire including South Africa, Canada and Australia. Some Americans joined the RFC before the USA became a combatant.

Training

In 1917, the American, British, and Canadian Governments agreed to join forces for training. Between April 1917 and January 1919, Camp Borden in Ontario hosted instruction on flying, wireless, air gunnery and photography, training 1,812 RFC Canada pilots and 72 for the United States. It now now hosts the largest training wing of the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF). Training also took place at several other Ontario locations.

During winter 1917-18, RFC instructors trained with the Signal Corps of the US Army on three airfields accommodating about six thousand men, at Camp Taliaferro near Fort Worth, Texas. Training was hazardous; 39 RFC officers and cadets died in Texas. Eleven remain there, re-interred in 1924 at a Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemetery where a monument honours their sacrifice.

Amalgamation

The RFC was separate from the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS). Towards the end of World War I, on April 1, 1918, the RFC and the RNAS were amalgamated into the Royal Air Force under the control of the Air Ministry. By 1919 the RAF had 4,000 combat aircraft and 114,000 people.

Some members of the RFC

In Fiction

Web links

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War

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

War is any conflict involving the organized use of armss and physical force between countries or other large-scale armed groups.

International law has attempted to reduce the mutually destructive results of war. The signing of the Kellogg-Briand Pact and the development of the United Nations System have succeeded in discouraging the description of any specific instance of warfare, by its participants, as a war. This process has been aided by such terminologies as

See Articles 2(3), 2(4) and 2(7) of the United Nations Charter.

Carl von Clausewitz wrote in his classic text, On War: "Der Krieg ist eine bloße Fortsetzung der Politik mit anderen Mitteln" ("War is merely a continuation of politics by other means") and "War is thus an act of force to compel our enemy to do our will."

Wars have been fought to control natural resources, for religious or cultural reasons, over political balances of power, legitimacy of particular laws, to settle economic and territorial disputes, and many other issues. The roots of any war are very complex - there is usually more than one issue involved.

Types of war

Sometimes a distinction is made between a conflict and the formal declaration of a state of war. Those who make this distinction often restrict the term "war" to those conflicts where the countries have formally declared such a state. Smaller armed conflicts are often called riots, rebellions, coupss, etc.

When one country sends armed forces to another allegedly to restore order or prevent genocide or other crimes against humanity, or to support a legally recognized government against insurgency, that country sometimes refers to it as a police action. This usage is not always recognized as valid, however, particularly by those who do not accept the connotations of the term.

A war where the forces in conflict belong to the same country or empire or other political entity is known as a civil war.

War is contrasted with peace, which is usually defined as the absence of war.

Another approach to classifying warfare divides it into four "generations" of war.

First generation warfare

First generation warfare reflects tactics of the era of the smoothbore musket, the tactics of line and column. Operational art in the first generation did not exist as a concept although it was practiced by individual commanders, most prominently Napoleon.

Second generation warfare

Second generation warfare was developed in response to the rifled musket, breechloaders, barbed wire, the machinegun, and indirect fire. Tactics were based on fire and movement but they remained essentially linear, with defenses still attempting to prevent all penetrations and attacks laterally dispersed along a line advanced by rushes in small groups. Second generation tactics remained the basis of U.S. doctrine until the 1980s, and they are still practiced by most American units in the field.

Third generation warfare

Third generation warfare was first developed by the Germans in World War I, to compensate for their inability to match their enemies' industrial output. Its tactics were the first truly nonlinear tactics; attacks rely on infiltration to bypass and collapse the enemy's combat forces rather than seeking to close with and destroy them, and defense was in depth and often invited penetration to set the enemy up for a counterattack.

Fourth generation warfare

Fourth generation warfare is widely dispersed and largely undefined, with a blurred distinction between war and peace and few clear battlefields or fronts. Indeed, it may be difficult to even identify which organizations and individuals are actively participating in the war. Actions will occur concurrently throughout all participants' depth, including their society as a cultural, not just a physical, entity.

Laws of war

A number of treaties regulate warfare, collectively referred to as the Laws of war. The most pervasive of those are the Geneva conventions, the earliest of which began to take effect in the mid 1800s.

Treaty signing has since been a part of international diplomacy, and too many treaties to mention in this scant article have been signed. A couple of examples are: Resolutions of the Geneva International Conference, Geneva, 26-29 October 1863 and Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, 75 U.N.T.S. 135, entered into force Oct. 21, 1950.

Statistical analysis

The statistical analysis of war was pioneered by Lewis Fry Richardson following World War I. More recent databases of wars have been assembled by the Correlates of War Project [1] and Peter Brecke [2].

See also

Military, Military technology and equipment, Military history, Military strategy, Military tactics, Just war, Frontline, Military-industrial complex, Weapon, Laws of war, Medieval warfare, World war, war profiteer, Attacks on humanitarian workers.

External links

For the 1970s funk band, see War (band).

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "War."

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Abbreviations & Acronyms: Military

The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted.
EntrySourceExpressionField
milEnglishMilitaryComputing

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Synonym: Military

Synonym: armed forces (n). (additional references)
Antonyms: civilian (adj), unmilitary (adj). (additional references)

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Synonyms within Context: Military

ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

Combatant

Warrior, soldier, fighting man, Amazon, man at arms, armigerent; campaigner, veteran; swordsman, sabreur, redcoat, military man, Rajput.

Gunner, cannoneer, bombardier, artilleryman, matross; sapper, sapper and miner; engineer; light infantry, rifles,chasseur, zouave; military train, coolie.

Armed force, troops, soldiery, military forces, sabaoth, the army, standing army, regulars, the line, troops of the line, militia, yeomanry, volunteers, trainband, fencible; auxiliary, bersagliere, brave; garde-nationale, garde-royale; minuteman; auxiliary forces, reserve forces; reserves, posse comitatus, national guard, gendarme, beefeater; guards, guardsman; yeomen of the guard, life guards, household troops.

Government

Monarchy; kinghood, kingship; royalty, regality; aristarchy, aristocracy; oligarchy, democracy, theocracy, demagogy; commonwealth; dominion; heteronomy; republic, republicanism; socialism; collectivism; mob law, mobocracy, ochlocracy; vox populi, imperium in imperio; bureaucracy; beadledom, bumbledom; stratocracy; military power, military government, junta; feodality, feudal system, feudalism.

Punctuality

Adverb: on time, punctually, at the deadline, precisely, exactly; right on time, to the minute; in time; in good time, in military time, in pudding time, in due time; time enough; with no time to spare, by a hair's breadth.

School

Day school, boarding school, preparatory school, primary school, infant school, dame's school, grammar school, middle class school, Board school, denominational school, National school, British and Foreign school, collegiate school, art school, continuation school, convent school, County Council school, government school, grant-in-aid school, high school, higher grade school, military school, missionary school, naval school, naval academy, state-aided school, technical school, voluntary school, school; school of art; kindergarten, nursery, creche, reformatory.

Teaching

Elementary education, primary education, secondary education, technical education, college education, collegiate education, military education, university education, liberal education, classical education, religious education, denominational education, moral education, secular education; propaedeutics, moral tuition.

Warfare

Unpacific, unpeaceful; belligerent, combative, armigerous, bellicose, martial, warlike; military, militant; soldier-like, soldierly.

Art of war, tactics, strategy, castrametation; generalship; soldiership; logistics; military evolutions, ballistics, gunnery; chivalry.

Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: Military

English words defined with "military": military academy, military action, military attache, military capability, military ceremony, military chaplain, military control, military court, military engineer, military expedition, military force, military governor, military greeting, military headquarters, military hospital, military installation, Military law, military leader, military march, military music, military operation, Military order, military police, military policeman, military post, military posture, military quarters, military rank, military rating, military strength, Military tenure, military training, military unit, military volunteer ♦ simulated military operation. (references)
Specialty definitions using "military": Hospitals, Military ♦ INSTRUCTOR, MILITARY SCIENCE, International Military Education and Training, international military personnel, international military post ♦ Military Census Report, military convoy, Military Dentistry, military enumeration, military espionage, military espionage against a foreign state, military geographic documentation, military grid, military indulgence, Military Medicine, military necessity, Military Nursing, military parachuting, military range, military strategy, military symbol ♦ national military authority, NATO military authority ♦ Period of military service, provocation and incitement to violate military duties ♦ reimbursable NATO military personnel, required military force ♦ unemployment compensation for former military personnel. (references)
Etymologies containing "military": Yamen. (references)
Non-English Usage: "Military" is also a word in the following language with the English translation in parentheses.

German (eventing).

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Modern Usage: Military

DomainUsage

Screenplays

What if our military forces just landed there (Lilo & Stitch; writing credit: Chris Sanders)

This is not military issue, airman (Good Morning, Vietnam; writing credit: Mitch Markowitz)

You not look like you are with military. (Rambo III; writing credit: Sylvester Stallone)

My agency's going to become a part of the military, I've got a president with his finger poised on the button, and you want me to walk across the park and tell him we want to hitch a ride with those very same Russians (2010; writing credit: Arthur C. Clarke; Peter Hyams)

Even though my religion strictly forbids military service, what the hey. (The Simpsons; writing credit: Artur Brauner; Paul Hengge)

Lyrics

I never saw no military solution (If I Ever Lose My Faith In You; performing artist: Sting)

It doesn't take a military genius to see (Happy Birthday; performing artist: Weird Al Yankovic)

Clever

Military intelligence (references; author: unknown)

Movie/TV Titles

Military Academy with That Tenth Avenue Gang (1950)

Safeguarding Military Information (1942)

Military Academy (1940)

His Military Figure (1917)

A Military Judas (1914)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: Military

DomainTitle

References

  • The Thai Military Bank Public Co., Ltd.: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

  • The 2001 Report on Military Facilities: World Market Segmentation by City (reference)

  • The 2001 Long-Run Global Growth Prospects for Military Facilities: A Physioeconomic Perspective (reference)

  • The 2000-2005 Outlook for Military Facilities in Europe (reference)

  • The World Market for Parts and Accessories of Military Weapons, Revolvers and Pistols Designed to Fire Live Ammunition, and Non-Military Arms: A 2004 Global Trade Perspective (reference)

    (more reference examples)

  

Books

  • Eagle and sword : the Federalists and the creation of the military establishment in America, 1783-1802 (reference)

  • A Dark and Bloody Ground: The Hurtgen Forest and the Roer River Dams, 1944-1945 (Texas A&m University Military History Series, No 42) (reference)

  • The Air Force (U.S. Military Series) (reference)

  • General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark (Schiffer Military History) (reference)

  • A Military History of the Western World: From the Defeat of the Spanish Armada to the Battle of Waterloo (reference)

    (more book examples)

  

Periodicals

  • Australian Military Medicine (reference)

  • Civil & Military Law Journal (reference)

  • Dod Statistical Report On The Military Retirement System (reference)

  • Financial Planning Guide For Military Personnel (reference)

  • Foreign Military Markets: Nato & Europe (reference)

    (more periodical examples)

  

Theater & Movies

  • Terror in the Skys - Military Air Disasters (reference)

  • Honor and Glory: America's Military Honor Gaurds (reference)

    (more DVD examples; more video examples)

  

Music

  

High Tech

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Image Slideshow: Military

Photos:
Military

More pictures...

Illustrations:
Military

More pictures...

Computer Images:
Military

More pictures...

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Photo Album: Military

ThumbnailDescription & CreditThumbnailDescription & Credit

West Point, United States Military Academy. Hudson River is in background. Credit: CDC.

Line graph showing suicide rates by branch of military service--United States, 1990-1999. Credit: CDC.

In an area north of the city of Al-Basrah, Iraq, which borders Iran, a former wetland has been drained and walled off. Now littered with minefields and gun emplacements, it is a staging area for military exercises. Credit: NASA.

Marine mapping party working with a plane table Photo from article in Military Engineer. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection.

Marine photographic intelligence work Photo from article in Military Engineer. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection.

In: "The Meteor Expedition," by F. Spiess, German Atlantic Expedition 1925-1927. The METEOR departing its homeport with full military honors. Plate 25. Library Call Number C/La S755. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now.

A diagram of the old wiredrag system as developed by Nicholas Heck, Jean Hawley, and others in the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. Prior to the development of sidescan sonar, this was the only method to find protrusions from the bottom that occurred between sounding lines. This diagram was published in the "Military Engineer", 1924, p. 228. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now.

Artist's conception of a self-contained portable meteorological satellite data receiving station for use by United States military units. Credit: NOAA in Space.

A look at the new Defense Department common access card. With an 32 kilobyte embedded computer chip, magnetic stripe and two bar codes, the "Smart Card" will eventually replace the standard military identification card. (File photo).

A Combat Videographer with the 1st Combat Camera Squadron, Charleston Air Force Base, S.C., documents aircraft operations in the Persian Gulf Region Oct. 19. She is part of the coalition force here to support Operation Southern Watch, a military effort to.

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Digital Photo Gallery: Military
 

"Military ambulance" by Julia Eisenberg
Commentary: "Military ambulance."		"Military facility warning" by Luis Alves
Commentary: "No trespassing sign is a marines military facility. --------------------------- Notice: You can use this image, but please send me an e-mail if you use it, I really like to know when and where it's used, thanks :-)."

Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers.

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Sounds Captioned with "Military".

PlayCaptionPlayCaption
Heavy foreboding style typical of a military pursuit for a movie soundtrack.Morning bugle song played by the military.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Familiar Quotations: Military

AuthorQuotation

Abraham Lincoln

Military glory --the attractive rainbow that rises in showers of blood.

Guy de Maupassant

Military men are the scourges of the world.

Jeremy Bentham

The schoolmaster is abroad! And I trust to him armed with his primer against the soldier in full military array.

Ronald Reagan

We're in greater danger today than we were the day after Pearl Harbor. Our military is absolutely incapable of defending this country.

Thomas H. Moorer

An atheist could not be as great a military leader as one who is not an atheist.

Thomas Jefferson

We must train and classify the whole of our male citizens, and make military instruction a regular part of collegiate education.

Walter Bagehot

Conquest is the missionary of valor, and the hard impact of military virtues beats meanness out of the world.

William Westmoreland

The military don't start wars. Politicians start wars.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Historic Usage: Military

AuthorDateQuotation

Magna Carta

1215

Further, if we have led or sent him upon military service, he shall be relieved from guard in proportion to the time during which he has been on service because of us. (reference)

US Declaration of Independence

1776

He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power. (reference)

Amendment to US Constitution

1795-2006

No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. (reference)

The Emancipation Proclamation

1862

And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice, warranted by the Constitution upon military necessity, I invoke the considerate judgment of mankind and the gracious favor of Almighty God. (Abraham Lincoln)

Treaty of Versailles

1919

Universal compulsory military service shall be abolished in Germany. (reference)

Winston S. Churchill

1946

Our American military colleagues, after having proclaimed their "over-all strategic concept" and computed available resources, always proceed to the next step-namely, the method. ("Iron Curtain" Speech)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Use in Literature: Military

TitleAuthorQuote

Scarlet Letter

Hawthorne, Nathaniel

The high estimation then placed upon the military character might be seen in the lofty port of each individual member of the company

Les Miserables

Hugo, Victor

Moreover, the emeute was conducted according to the soundest military tactics

Grapes of Wrath

Steinbeck, John

Some of them, to make a military appearance, wore tunics and Sam Browne belts

Gulliver's Travels

Swift, Jonathan

Their prudence, unanimity, unacquaintedness with fear, and their love of their country, would amply supply all defects in the military art.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Military

SubjectTopicQuote

Health

Vaccines were developed for adenovirus serotypes 4 and 7, but were available only for preventing ARD among military recruits. (references)

A. Residents of rural areas in endemic locations, active duty military deployed to endemic areas, and expatriates who visit rural areas. (references)

Persons of all ages are at risk but rarely children less than 5years old. Outbreaks are common among young adults, especially in crowded military and institutional settings. (references)

Business

Today, Poland exports only about 13% of its military production. (references)

Their customers are flying clubs, flying schools and the military. (references)

In 2000, the military spent over $1.08 billion or 43.95 billion crowns. (references)

Children

Burma

Military veterans with disabilities receive available benefits on a priority basis. (references)

Burma

These children are deployed to training camps where they support the military combat forces. (references)

Uganda

The UPDF at times detained LRA child soldiers at Gulu military barracks for a few weeks or months. (references)

Civil Liberties

Guinea-Bissau

The Voice of the Military Junta no longer broadcasts. (references)

Eritrea

Students were sent to active duty or military training. (references)

Guatemala

The press criticized the military and other powerful sectors. (references)

Discrimination

Syria

Party or government connections can pave the way for entrance into better elementary and secondary schools, access to lucrative employment, and greater power within the Government, the military, and the security services. (references)

Economic History

Burma

Military intelligence is omnipresent in Burma. (references)

Iran

Iran spends about 4% of its GDP on its military. (references)

Human Rights

Kazakhstan

Military hazing remained a problem. (references)

Burma

The military abuses human rights workers. (references)

Ethiopia

Ethiopia maintains an all-volunteer military. (references)

Indigenous People

Colombia

Indigenous men are not subject to the national military draft. (references)

Jordan

They are represented disproportionately in senior military, security, and civil service jobs. (references)

Indonesia

Papuans complain of racism, religious bias, paternalism, and condescension as constant impediments to better relations with non-Papuans, including members of the Government, the military, and the non-Papuan business community. (references)

Minorities

Philippines

Muslims continue to be underrepresented in senior civilian and military positions. (references)

Trinidad and Tobago

Afro-Trinidadians are employed in disproportionate numbers in the civil service, police, and military. (references)

Pakistan

In the country's early years, minorities were able to rise to the senior ranks of the military and civil service. (references)

Political Economy

Peru

Abuse of military recruits continued. (references)

Costa Rica

The 1949 Constitution abolished the military forces. (references)

Uzbekistan

There is effective civilian control over the military. (references)

Political Rights

Fiji

The soldiers are to be tried under military laws. (references)

Burma

Women also are excluded from military leadership. (references)

Burma

Since 1988 a military junta has held all state power. (references)

Trade

Jordan

Military Security: small monitoring cameras. (references)

Syria

Only military and other prohibited items are excluded. (references)

Austria

The Wassenaar Military List is subject to export controls by law. (references)

Travel

Syria

Dual national males are subject to Syrian military duty laws. (references)

Ghana

Outdoors, on Independence Road, between 37th Military Hospital and Sankara Circle. (references)

Burma

Photographing people in uniform or any military installation could lead to arrest or the confiscation of cameras and film. (references)

Women

Israel and the occupied territories

Jewish women are subject to the military draft. (references)

Austria

Women are allowed to serve in the military voluntarily. (references)

Venezuela

As of August, 56 women were in training at the Army's military academy. (references)

Worker Rights

South Africa

The minimum age for military recruitment is 17 years. (references)

Korea

Military conscripts routinely are used for this purpose as well. (references)

Azerbaijan

Police, customs, and military personnel are prohibited from forming unions. (references)

Lexicography

Devil's Dictionary

EPAULET, n. An ornamented badge, serving to distinguish a military officer from the enemy -- that is to say, from the officer of lower rank to whom his death would give promotion.

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Spoken Usage: Military

SpeakerPhrase(s)

Colin Powell

Military men always understand that there will be casualties, and you should never go into a conflict thinking it will be casualty-free or trying to conduct it casualty-free.

Geoffrey Hoon

That, obviously, is our ultimate aim, it's our ultimate military objective, and I remain absolutely confident that those weapons of mass destruction will be discovered.

Heather Mercer and Dayna Curry

Well, as I think the story has been told, that special forces from the U.S. military came in with a helicopter, and did a phenomenal job.

Lynne Cheney

V is for valor. V is for the valor shown by those who have kept us free. And it's a page mostly about military heroes.

Margaret Thatcher

Look, this was a remarkable thing. A prime minister never expects to send people into battle. I was agonized over it. But you couldn't leave our people captive of a military junta of the Argentine.

Robert Novak

Mr. Chairman, it's generally agreed that the war in Afghanistan is a CIA show, run by the CIA with the military providing assets.

Ross Perot

Volunteer for the military, volunteer for the ROTC as you go through college. And believe me, it would be one of the greatest experiences of your life in terms of turning girls into women and boys into men.

Rush Limbaugh

It's mind-boggling to think that we need to spend money on ads to remind our military personnel to keep secrets!

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Speeches: Military

SpeakerTermPhrase(s)

George Washington

1789-1797A statement of our present military force will be laid before you by the Department of War.

Thomas Jefferson

1801-1809Under the act of the last session for raising an additional military force so many officers were immediately appointed as were necessary for carrying on the business of recruiting, and in proportion as it advanced others have been added.

Harry S. Truman

1945-1953Demobilization will continue thereafter, but at a slower rate, determined by our military responsibilities.

Dwight Eisenhower

1953-1961We annually spend on military security more than the net income of all United States corporations.

John F. Kennedy

1961-1963President, that military reconnaissance planes have violated the borders of the Soviet Union.

Gerald Ford

1974-1977Military strength alone is not sufficient.

Ronald Reagan

1981-1989Meanwhile, we are working for reduction of arms and military activities.

George Bush

1989-1993Two years ago, I began planning cuts in military spending that reflected the changes of the new era.

Bill Clinton

1993-2001You know, we help communities in a special way when their military base closes.

George W. Bush

2001-2005While the most visible military action is in Afghanistan, America is acting elsewhere.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Usage Frequency: Military

"Military" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 96.12% of the time. "Military" is used about 11,430 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words		Rank in English
Adjective (general or positive)96.12%10,986849
Noun (common)3.15%36014,962
Noun (proper)0.73%8436,109
                    Total100.00%11,430N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Usage in Company Names: Military

CountryName
Thailand

The Thai Military Bank Public Co., Ltd.

 (more examples...)

Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.

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Expressions: Military

Expressions using "military": a military air ♦ art of military strategy ♦ basic military route network ♦ be buried with military honours ♦ be fit for military service ♦ bound to military service ♦ chief military personnel officer ♦ commissioned military officer ♦ compulsory military service ♦ Culver Military ♦ do military service ♦ do one's military service ♦ evade military service ♦ extent of military exercise ♦ fit for military service ♦ International Military Education and Training ♦ international military personnel ♦ international military post ♦ international military staff ♦ judge of military tribunal ♦ liable for military service ♦ medical examination for military service ♦ military academy ♦ military action ♦ military activity ♦ military administration ♦ military adviser ♦ military age ♦ military aircraft ♦ military alliance ♦ military architecture ♦ military assistant ♦ military attache ♦ military authorities ♦ military aviation ♦ military balance ♦ military band ♦ military base ♦ military bearing ♦ military blockade ♦ military braid ♦ military budget ♦ military cadet ♦ military camp ♦ military campaign ♦ military capability ♦ military career ♦ military cemetery ♦ military censorship ♦ military ceremony ♦ military chaplain ♦ military charter flight ♦ military college ♦ military command ♦ military commander ♦ military commission ♦ military committee ♦ military conflagration ♦ military control ♦ military convoy ♦ military coup ♦ military court ♦ military courtesy ♦ military currency ♦ Military Dentistry ♦ military discipline ♦ military district ♦ military doctrine ♦ military draft ♦ military drill ♦ military engineer ♦ military equipment ♦ military espionage ♦ military espionage against a foreign state ♦ military execution ♦ military exercise ♦ military expedition ♦ military expenditures ♦ military expert ♦ military fever ♦ military force ♦ military forces ♦ military formation ♦ military funeral ♦ military geographic documentation ♦ military geographic information ♦ military government ♦ military governor ♦ military grade ♦ military greeting ♦ military grid ♦ military grid reference system ♦ military headquarters ♦ military historian ♦ military history ♦ military honors ♦ military honours ♦ military hospital ♦ military independent ♦ military information office ♦ military installation. Additional references.

Hyphenated Usage

Beginning with "military": military-aircraft, military-appointed, military-authoritarian, military-backed, military-bureaucratic, military-civilian, military-controlled, military-directed, military-dominated, military-educational, military-equipment, military-established, military-feudal, military-free, military-government, military-grade, military-historian, military-industrial, military-industrial complex, military-inspired, military-intelligence, military-led, military-looking, military-minded, military-naval, military-oriented, military-political, military-related, military-ruled, military-run, military-security, military-sounding, military-specification, military-strategic, military-style, military-technical, military-trained, military-type, military-useful.

Ending with "military": anti-military, civilian-military, civil-military, ex-military, non-military, para-military, party-military, political-military, politico-military, pro-military, quasi-military.

Containing "military": civil-military co-operation, civil-military relation, civil-military relations, pseudo-military-type, quasi-military-order.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Military

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day		ExpressionFrequency
per Day

military

9,299

military time

533

military surplus

1,955

military transport

527

military patch

1,792

military bases

519

military history

1,723

military hat

510

military school

1,598

military pay chart

473

military pay

1,352

military vehicle

456

us military

1,116

military poster

446

military clothing

1,078

military gift

432

military aircraft

1,045

military boot

398

military loan

1,001

military model

383

military record

883

military academy

368

military watch

768

military police

362

military art

764

military tank

336

american military university

752

military gear

315

military discount

715

military weapon

311

military rank

699

military wallpaper

297

military uniform

671

military helicopter

293

military medal

584

military job

285

military pay scale

579

military collectible

282

military insignia

561

gay military

281
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translation: Military

Language Translations for "military"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Albanian

  

ushtria, ushtarak (effective, martial, serviceman, soldier, soldierlike, soldierly), ushtar (man, pawn, pikeman, soldier, Tommy), luftarak (bellicose, combative, martial, militant, warlike). (various references)

   

Arabic 

  

‏حربي (martial, warlike), ‏عسكري (man of arms, martial, private, serviceman, soldier). (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

войскови (gi, service), войнишки, военен (gi, martial, munition, service, soldier, war). (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

軍用 , 軍事 (military affairs, military matters), 軍方 , 軍 (arms, army), 武裝 (armed, arms, equipment, to arm), 武 (martial), 兵 (a force, an army, arms, soldiers, warlike, weapons), 军事 (martial). (various references)

   

Czech

  

vojenský (martial, soldierlike), váleèný. (various references)

   

Danish

  

militær (warrior). (various references)

   

Dutch

  

militair (warrior). (various references)

   

Esperanto

  

militista, milita, armea. (various references)

   

Farsi 

  

نظامی (Martial, Soldier, Trooper), نظام (System), سربازی , جنگی (Martial, Warlike), ارتشی , ارتش (Army). (various references)

   

Finnish

  

sotilaallinen (soldierly). (various references)

   

French

  

militaire. (various references)

   

German

  

Militär (armed forces, army officer, officer), militärisch (militarily). (various references)

   

Greek 

  

στρατιωτικόσ (g.i., martial, soldier like, soldierly), στρατιωτικός. (various references)

   

Hebrew 

  

מלחמתי (combatant, militant, warlike), חילי (soldierly), צבאי (combatant, martial, warlike), צבא (armed forces, army, troops). (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

katonai (accoutrement, accoutrements, church parade, defile, gi, martial, mil, to do one's time), hadi (martial, warlike, wartime). (various references)

   

Indonesian

  

militer, tentara (army, soldier), serdadu (army, see: tentara, soldier). (various references)

   

Italian

  

militare (militate, serve in the army, soldier, soldierly). (various references)

   

Japanese Kanji 

  

軍事的 , 軍事上 (strategic). (various references)

   

Japanese Katakana 

  

ぐんじじょう (strategic), ぐんじてき. (various references)

   

Korean 

  

군. (various references)

   

Manx

  

post armee (military station), poleenyn yn armee (military police), cur meoiryn shee er (military police), cah (battle, military action). (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

ilitarymay.(various references)

   

Portuguese

  

militar (gi, militate, serviceman, soldier, warlike), bélico (martial, trigger-happy, war, warlike). (various references)

   

Romanian

  

militar (serviceman, soldier, soldierlike, soldierly, warlike), soldãţesc (soldierlike, soldierly). (various references)

   

Russian 

  

военный (man of arms, martial, warlike, wartime). (various references)

   

Scottish

  

feachd (an army, army, host, journey, military forces; time), faicheachd (exercising in the, military parade). (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

militaristički, vojni (martial, service), oružane snage (armed forces, armed services). (various references)

   

Spanish

  

militar (militate, regimental, serve, service, serviceman, soldier, soldierly), ejército (army, force, host, legion). (various references)

   

Swedish

  

militärisk (militaristic, soldierlike), militär (martial, military man, serviceman, soldier, warrior). (various references)

   

Turkish

  

askeri (martial, soldierly, warlike). (various references)

   

Turkmen 

  

harby (war). (various references)

   

Ukrainian

  

військовослужбовці, військового зразка, військовий (martial, organizational, service, soldierlike), війська (forces, troops), воєнна сила (sword-arm), воєнний (warlike). (various references)

   

Vietnamese 

  

bộ đội (troop). (various references)

   

Welsh

  

milwrol. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Ancestral Language Translations: Military

LanguagePeriodTranslations
Latin500 BCE-Modern

bellicus. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Bible Trace: Military

LanguageDateSourceActs Chapter 23, Verse 15
Greek (transliterated)250 BCSeptuagintNun oun umeiV emfanisate tw ciliarcw sun tw sunedriw opwV aurion auton katagagh proV umaV wV mellontaV diaginwskein akribesteron ta peri autou hmeiV de pro tou eggisai auton etoimoi esmen tou anelein auton
Latin405VulgateNunc ergo vos notum facite tribuno cum concilio ut producat illum ad vos tamquam aliquid certius cognituri de eo nos vero priusquam adpropiet parati sumus interficere illum
Middle English1395WyclifNow therfor make ye knowun to the tribune, with the counsel, that he bringe hym forth to you, as if ye schulden knowe sum thing more certeynli of hym; and we ben redi to sle hym, bifor that he come.
Renaissance English1526TyndaleNow therfore geve ye knowlege to the vpper captayne and to the counsell that he bringe him forth vnto vs to morow as though we wolde knowe some thinge more perfectly of him. But we (or ever he come neare) are redy in ye meane season to kill him.
Jacobean English1611King JamesNow therefore ye with the council signify to the chief captain that he bring him down unto you to morrow, as though ye would enquire something more perfectly concerning him: and we, or ever he come near, are ready to kill him.
Victorian English1833WebsterNow therefore ye with the council signify to the chief captain, that he bring him down to you to-morrow, as though ye would inquire something more perfectly concerning him: and we, before he shall come near, are ready to kill him.
Basic English1964OgdenSo now, will you and the Sanhedrin make a request to the military authorities to have him sent down to you, as if you were desiring to go into the business in greater detail; and we, before ever he gets to you, will be waiting to put him to death.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Matched Bible Translations: Military

LanguageActs Chapter 23, Verse 15
AlbanianJu, pra, me sinedrin, i bëni një kërkesë tribunit që t'jua sjellë nesër, gjoja se doni ta hetoni më thellë çështjen e tij; dhe ne, para se të afrohet, do të jemi gati ta vrasim''.
CebuanoBusa karon, uban sa Sanhedrin, ipahibalo ninyo sa koronil nga si Pablo kinahanglan iyang ipadala kaninyo, nga daw buot kamo pakisayud sa labi pang sibo mahitungod kaniya. Ug kami andam sa pagpatay kaniya sa dili pa siya mahiabut sa duol."
CroatianStoga vi sada zajedno s Vijeæem predoèite tisuæniku neka vam ga dovede kao da kanite toènije razaznati njegov sluèaj. A mi smo spremni pogubiti ga prije negoli se i približi."
DanishSå giver nu I tillige med Rådet Krigsøversten Meddelelse, for at han må føre ham ned til eder, som om I ville undersøge hans Sag nøjere; men vi ere rede til at slå ham ihjel, førend han kommer derhen."
DutchGij dan nu, laat den overste weten met den raad, dat hij hem morgen tot u afbrenge, alsof gij nadere kennis zoudt nemen van zijn zaken; en wij zijn bereid hem om te brengen, eer hij bij u komt.
FinnishPyytäkää te siis nyt yhdessä neuvoston kanssa päälliköltä, että hän toisi hänet alas teidän luoksenne, ikäänkuin aikoisitte tarkemmin tutkia hänen asiaansa. Mutta me olemme valmiit tappamaan hänet, ennenkuin hän pääsee perille."
FrenchVous donc, maintenant, adressez-vous avec le sanhédrin au tribun, pour qu`il l`amène devant vous, comme si vous vouliez examiner sa cause plus exactement; et nous, avant qu`il approche, nous sommes prêts à le tuer.
GermanSo tut nun kund dem Oberhauptmann und dem Rat, daß er ihn morgen zu euch führe, als wolltet ihr ihn besser verhören; wir aber sind bereit, ihn zu töten, ehe er denn vor euch kommt.
HungarianMost azért ti jelentsétek be az ezredesnek a tanácscsal egybe, hogy holnap hozza le õt ti hozzátok, mintha az õ dolgának tüzetesebben végére akarnátok járni. Mi pedig, minekelõtte õ ide érne, készek vagyunk õt megölni.
Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hariNah, sekarang Saudara-saudara dengan anggota-anggota Mahkamah Agama hendaknya mengirim surat kepada komandan pasukan Roma itu untuk minta dia membawa Paulus kembali menghadap kalian, seolah-olah kalian mau memeriksa lagi perkaranya dengan lebih teliti. Dan kami akan siap untuk membunuh dia sebelum ia sampai di sini."
Indonesian-Terjemahan LamaOleh sebab itu sekarang hendaklah kamu dengan Majelis itu menyatakan kepada panglima laskar itu, supaya ia membawa dia turun kepada kamu, seolah-olah kamu bermaksud hendak menyelidiki perkaranya dengan lebih tertibnya. Tetapi kami ini sudah sedia akan membunuh dia sebelum ia datang dekat."
MaoriNa, ma koutou tahi ko te runanga e ki atu ki te rangatira mano kia arahina iho ia ki a koutou apopo, me te mea nei e mea ana koutou kia ata mohiotia te take ki a ia: ko matou ia, i te mea kiano ia i tata noa, ka noho rite ki te whakamate i a ia.
Norwegiannu må da I sammen med rådet la den øverste høvedsmann vite at han skal føre ham ned til eder, som om I nøiere vilde prøve hans sak; så holder vi oss ferdige til å drepe ham før han når frem.
RumanianAcum dar, voi, kmpreunq cu Soborul, dayi de wtire cqpitanului, wi rugayi -l sq -l aducq mkne jos knaintea voastrq, ca wi cum ayi vrea sq -i cercetayi pricina mai cu deamqruntul; wi pknq sq ajungq el, noi skntem gata sq -l omorkm.``
ShuarTuma asamtai Ashí Israer-patri naamkarijiai suntara Kapitiántri seatarum, Papru Tatí tusarum. "Kashin Papru itiata, titiarum. Papru tana nu iisha nekas nekaatai tusar wakeraji" titiarum. Túrawakrumin iisha maatai tusar ninkia Táatsain Nákaktatji" tiarmiayi.
SpanishAhora, pues, vosotros con el Sanedrín solicitad al tribuno que le saque mañana a vosotros, como si tuvierais que investigar su caso con más exactitud. Pero nosotros estaremos preparados para matarle antes que él llegue.
SwahiliSasa basi, ninyi pamoja na Baraza tumeni ujumbe kwa mkuu wa jeshi ili amlete Paulo kwenu mkijisingizia kwamba mnataka kupata habari kamili zaidi juu yake. Tuko tayari kumuua hata kabla hajafika karibu."
SwedishSå mån I nu, tillsammans med Rådet, hemställa hos översten att han låter föra honom ned till eder, detta under föregivande att I tänken grundligare undersöka hans sak. Vi skola då vara redo att röja honom ur vägen, innan han hinner fram."
UmaWae-pi, kiperapi' hi tuama-tuama hante topohura agama bona nipakatu sura hilou hi kapala' tantara to Roma, mperapi' bona Paulus rakeni nculii' mponyanyo-koi, ntani' raparesa' tena kara-kara-na. Ntaa' kilede-idi pai' kipatehi hi lengko ohea-e!"

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Military

Derivations

Words ending with "military": antimilitary, nonmilitary, paramilitary, unmilitary. (additional references)


Misspellings

"Military" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: amilitary, maletar, Melita, milanary, milinary, milita, Militare, militarem, militay, Militiyev, militrary, millibar, millidarcy, millitary, milliter, miltary, Mlinaric, Mlita, multiway, pilotari. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Military"

# of Phoneme MatchesPronunciationWord(s) rhyming with "military" (pronounced mi"lute'rē)
8m i" l u t e' r ēnonmilitary, paramilitary.
6-l u t e' r ēsolitary.
5-u t e' r ēbudgetary, cemetery, cometary, depositary, dietary, dignitary, hereditary, interplanetary, monetary, pituitary, planetary, proprietary, salutary, sanitary, secretary, tributary, undersecretary, unitary, unsanitary.
4-t e' r ēcommentary, dysentery, fragmentary, involuntary, momentary, monastery, sedentary.
3-e' r ēactuary, adversary, ancillary, apothecary, arbitrary, aviary, beneficiary, bicentenary, Blackberry, blueberry, capillary, cardiopulmonary, Cassowary, cautionary, centenary, commissary, concessionary, confectionary, confectionery, Constabulary, contemporary, corollary, coronary, counterrevolutionary, cranberry, culinary, customary, deflationary, Dewberry, dictionary, disciplinary, discretionary, disinflationary, itinerary, judiciary, lapidary, diversionary, Dogberry, dromedary, emissary, epistolary, estuary, evolutionary, exclusionary, expansionary, expeditionary, extraordinary, fiduciary, formulary, functionary, funerary, gooseberry, hackberry, honorary, Huckleberry, illusionary, imaginary, inflationary, interdisciplinary, legendary, library, literary, luminary, mercenary, missionary, mortuary, mulberry, necessary, noninflationary, obituary, ordinary, pecuniary, preliminary, primary, probationary, pulmonary, quaternary, raspberry, reactionary, recessionary, revolutionary, Rosemary, sanctuary, savagery, secondary, semilegendary, seminary, stationary, stationery, statuary, strawberry, subsidiary, temporary, Tilbury, topiary, unnecessary, urinary, veterinary, visionary, vocabulary.

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Military

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Direct Anagrams: limitary.

Words within the letters "a-i-i-l-m-r-t-y"

-1 letter: miliary.

-2 letters: airily, artily, mitral, ramtil, trimly.

-3 letters: amity, laity, limit, litai, lyart, malty, marly, milia, milty, riyal, trail, trial, tryma.

-4 letters: airt, airy, alit, amir, amyl, aril, army, arty, aryl, ilia, lair, lari, lati, liar, lima, limy, lira, liri, mail, mair, malt, marl, mart, milt, miri, miry, mity, rail, rami, rial, rimy, tail.

 Words containing the letters "a-i-i-l-m-r-t-y"
 

+1 letter: primality.

 

+2 letters: immorality, impartibly, militarily, similarity, unmilitary.

 

+3 letters: criminality, familiarity, formability, immortality, impartially, informality, interfamily, marginality, materiality, nonmilitary.

 

+4 letters: admirability, admonitorily, antimilitary, assimilatory, impartiality, imperatively, interminably, memorability, meristically, paramilitary, permeability, removability, ruminatively.

 

+5 letters: affirmatively, amitriptyline, commerciality, comparability, diametrically, dissimilarity, dissimilatory, enumerability, formidability, germinability, immateriality, impersonality, impracticably, impractically, improbability, improvability, informatively, informatorily, isometrically, magisterially, marketability, matrilineally, matrimonially, measurability, mensurability, microanalytic, microtonality, ministerially, multipolarity, nightmarishly, prismatically, promotability, reformability, remediability, rudimentarily, terminatively, unfamiliarity.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Modern 		5. Usage: Commercial
6. Images: Slideshow
7. Images: Photo Album
8. Images: Digital Art 		9. Sounds
10. Quotations: Familiar
11. Quotations: Historic
12. Quotations: Fiction 		13. Quotations: Non-fiction
14. Quotations: Spoken
15. Quotations: Speeches
16. Usage Frequency 		17. Names: Company Usage
18. Expressions
19. Expressions: Internet
20. Translations: Modern 		21. Translations: Ancient
22. Bible Trace
23. Abbreviations
24. Acronyms 		25. Derivations
26. Rhymes
27. Anagrams
28. Bibliography


  

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