Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Microbiology

Definition: Microbiology

Microbiology

Noun

1. The branch of biology that studies microorganisms and their effects on humans.

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Note: Microbiology \Mi`cro*bi*ol"o*gy\, noun. [See Microbe; -logy.]. (Websters 1913)


Specialty Definitions: Microbiology

DomainDefinitions

Health

The study of microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, algae, archaea, and viruses. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Microbiology

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, including unicellular (single-celled) eukaryotes and prokaryotes, fungi, and viruseses. Today, most of the work in microbiology is done using methods from biochemistry and genetics. It is also related to pathology, as many microorganisms are pathogens.

Microbiologists have made many fundamental contributions to biology, especially in the fields of biochemistry, genetics, and cell biology. Microbes have many traits that make them ideal model organisms:

These traits allowed Joshua and Esther Lederberg to devise an elegant experiment in 1951 demonstrating that adaptive mutations arise from preadaptation rather than directed mutation. For this purpose, they invented replica plating, which allowed them to transfer numerous bacterial colonies from their specific locations on one agar-filled petri dish to analogous locations on several other petri dishes. After replicating a plate of E. coli, they exposed each of the new plates to phage. They observed that phage-resistant colonies were present at analogous locations on each of the plates, allowing them to conclude that the phage resistance trait had existed in the original colony, which had never been exposed to phage, instead of arising after the bacteria had been exposed to the virus.

The extensive characterization of microbes has allowed them to be used as tools in other branches of biology:

See also Immunology -- Virology -- Genetics -- Biochemistry -- Geomicrobiology
Return to Biology

External Resources

Online Microbiology textbook:
http://www.bact.wisc.edu/Microtextbook

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Microbiology."

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Synonyms within Context: Microbiology

ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

Organization

Biology; natural history, organic chemistry, anatomy, physiology; zoology; botany; microbiology, virology, bacteriology, mycology; naturalist.

Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: Microbiology

English words defined with "microbiology": exactingfastidiousmicrobiologist. (references)
Specialty definitions using "microbiology": Air MicrobiologyBiofilmsEnvironmental MicrobiologyFood Microbiology, Food ParasitologyIndustrial Microbiologylife sciencesmedical laboratory manage, MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIST, CHIEF, medical technologist, microbiolog, microbiological, Microbiological Techniques, MICROBIOLOGY TECHNOLOGISTPili, SexSoil Microbiology, soil scienceTechnology, MedicalWater Microbiology. (references)

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Commercial Usage: Microbiology

DomainTitle

Books

  • Clostridium Difficile (Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 250) (reference)

  • Dimorphism in Human Pathogenic and Apathogenic Yeasts (Contributions to Microbiology) (reference)

  • Transforming Proteins of DNA Tumor Viruses (Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, No. 144) (reference)

  • Immunobiology of Bacterial Cpg-DNA (Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 247) (reference)

  • Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat (reference)

    (more book examples)

  

Periodicals

  

Theater & Movies

  • Food Safety For Foodservice An Employee Video Series - Basic Microbiology & Foodborne Illness (reference)

    (more DVD examples; more video examples)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Image Slideshow: Microbiology

Illustrations:
Microbiology

More pictures...

Computer Images:
Microbiology

More pictures...

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Photo Album: Microbiology

ThumbnailDescription & CreditThumbnailDescription & Credit

An FSIS employee works in the microbiology lab. . Credit: USDA.

An FSIS science person runs test in the microbiology lab. . Credit: USDA.

FSIS burner in a microbiology lab. . Credit: USDA.

  

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Microbiology

SubjectTopicQuote

Health

Journal of Clinical Microbiology. (references)

If ETEC is suspected, the microbiology laboratory evaluating a patient's stool specimen should be alerted. (references)

There is a particular need to assess the frequency, risk factors, and microbiology of persistent diarrhea following travel. (references)

Business

Local production mainly consists of reagents and test kits for clinical chemistry, hematology, serology, and microbiology. (references)

Again, German and Japanese companies dominate in microbiology, namely Zeiss, Nikon, and Olympus for laboratory microscopes. (references)

Based on the market demand for medical diagnostics, the most promising sub-sectors are for instruments and diagnostic kits for chemistry, hematology, microbiology, and HIV/hepatitis tests. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Usage Frequency: Microbiology

"Microbiology" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 98.51% of the time. "Microbiology" is used about 67 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Noun (singular)98.51%6641,290
Noun (proper)1.49%1339,140
                    Total100.00%67N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Expressions: Microbiology

Expressions using "microbiology": Air Microbiology Environmental Microbiology Food Microbiology Industrial Microbiology Soil Microbiology Water Microbiology. Additional references.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Microbiology

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

microbiology

1,063

microbiology textbook

13

analytical applied assays based biogen bioinformatics cell chemist chemistry clinical cro d development development drug eisai eli fda glaxo glaxo glp gmp industry inhalants kline lab lancaster lilly lilly mdi microbiology nda nmr not oread organic organic our packaging pfizer ppd present r research resume smith spectroscopy toxicology us validation we wyeth

260

microbiology news

13

american society for microbiology

97

applied microbiology and biotechnology

12

medical microbiology

36

microbiology exam

11

clinical journal microbiology

36

microbiology career

11

microbiology journal

34

microbiology an introduction

10

food microbiology

33

microbiology course online

10

applied and environmental microbiology

30

microbiology lecture note

10

microbiology job

26

microbiology online

10

article on microbiology

21

microbiology place

9

dictionary microbiology

20

analytical applied assays based biogen bioinformatics cell chemist chemistry clinical cro d development development drug education eisai eli experience fda glaxo glaxo glp gmp industry inhalants kline lab lancaster lilly lilly mdi microbiology nda nmr objective oread organic organic packaging pfizer ppd r research resume skill smith spectroscopy toxicology validation wyeth

9

history of microbiology

20

analytical applied assays based biogen bioinformatics cell chemist chemistry clinical cro d development development drug eisai eli fda glaxo glaxo glp gmp industry inhalants kline lab lancaster lilly lilly mdi microbiology nda nmr oread organic organic our packaging pfizer ppd present r research resume smith spectroscopy toxicology us validation we wyeth

9

molecular microbiology

18

microbiology bacterium

8

environmental microbiology

17

canadian journal microbiology

8

microbiology lab

17

study guide for microbiology

8

industrial microbiology

16

soil microbiology

8

applied journal microbiology

16

microbiology note

8

clinical microbiology

16

industrial microbiology society

8

general microbiology

14

microbiology test

8

microbiology picture

13

blood marketing microbiology

8

links microbiology

13

microbiology quiz

8
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translations: Microbiology

Language Translations for "microbiology"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Albanian

  

mikrobiologji. (various references)

   

Arabic 

  

‏علم الاحياء المجهري. (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

микробиология (bacteriology). (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

微"物学 (Microbiological). (various references)

   

Czech

  

mikrobiologie. (various references)

   

Danish

  

mikrobiologisk laboratorium (Laboratory of Microbiology, microbiological laboratory). (various references)

   

Dutch

  

microbiologie. (various references)

   

French

  

microbiologie. (various references)

   

German

  

Mikrobiologie (bacteriology). (various references)

   

Greek 

  

μικροβιολογία (bacteriology). (various references)

   

Hebrew 

  

מיקרוביולו'י". (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

mikrobiológia. (various references)

   

Italian

  

microbiologia. (various references)

   

Japanese Kanji 

  

微"物学 . (various references)

   

Japanese Katakana 

  

びせいぶつがく. (various references)

   

Korean 

  

미생물학 (Microbiological). (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

icrobiologymay

   

Portuguese

  

microbiologista (microbiologist). (various references)

   

Romanian

  

microbiologie. (various references)

   

Russian 

  

микробиология (bacteriology). (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

mikrobiologija. (various references)

   

Spanish

  

microbiología. (various references)

   

Swedish

  

mikrobiologi. (various references)

   

Thai

  

จุลชีววิทยา. (various references)

   

Turkish

  

mikrobiyoloji, hücrebilimi. (various references)

   

Ukranian 

  

мікробіологія. (various references)

   

Vietnamese 

  

vi trùng học. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Misspellings: Microbiology

Misspellings

"Microbiology" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: microbilogy, Microbiologie, mircobiology. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Microbiology"

# of Phoneme MatchesPronunciationWord(s) rhyming with "microbiology" (pronounced mī'krōbī'Ä"lujē or mī'krubī'Ä"lujē)
5-Ä" l u j ēanesthesiology, anthology, anthropology, apology, archaeology, archeology, astrology, bacteriology, biology, biotechnology, cardiology, chronology, cosmetology, criminology, cytology, dendrochronology, dermatology, doxology, ecology, embryology, endocrinology, entomology, epidemiology, epistemology, ethnology, ethology, etiology, etymology, genealogy, geology, geomorphology, gerontology, graphology, gynecology, histology, Hymnology, ideology, immunology, kinesiology, limnology, meteorology, methodology, micropaleontology, mineralogy, morphology, mycology, mythology, neurology, numerology, oncology, ontology, ophthalmology, ornithology, otology, paleontology, pathology, penology, petrology, pharmacology, physiology, Pomology, psychology, radiology, rheumatology, seismology, serology, sociology, terminology, theology, toxicology, urology, virology, zoology.
4-l u j ēanalogy, cosmology, elegy, eulogy, trilogy.
3-u j ēprodigy, strategy.
5-Ä" l u j ēanesthesiology, anthology, anthropology, apology, archaeology, archeology, astrology, bacteriology, biology, biotechnology, cardiology, chronology, cosmetology, criminology, cytology, dendrochronology, dermatology, doxology, ecology, embryology, endocrinology, entomology, epidemiology, epistemology, ethnology, ethology, etiology, etymology, genealogy, geology, geomorphology, gerontology, graphology, gynecology, histology, Hymnology, ideology, immunology, kinesiology, limnology, meteorology, methodology, micropaleontology, mineralogy, morphology, mycology, mythology, neurology, numerology, oncology, ontology, ophthalmology, ornithology, otology, paleontology, pathology, penology, petrology, pharmacology, physiology, Pomology, psychology, radiology, rheumatology, seismology, serology, sociology, terminology, theology, toxicology, urology, virology, zoology.
4-l u j ēanalogy, cosmology, elegy, eulogy, trilogy.
3-u j ēprodigy, strategy.

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Microbiology

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Words within the letters "b-c-g-i-i-l-m-o-o-o-r-y"

-3 letters: imbroglio.

-4 letters: biologic, gorblimy, myologic.

-5 letters: bicolor, biology, brocoli, grimily, obligor, oologic, orology, roomily.

 Words containing the letters "b-c-g-i-i-l-m-o-o-o-r-y"
 

+5 letters: microbiologically.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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Alternative Orthography: Microbiology


Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

4D 69 63 72 6F 62 69 6F 6C 6F 67 79

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)

=

Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)

Braille (1829, in France) (references)

Morse Code (1836) (references)

--    ..    -.-.    .-.    ---    -...    ..    ---    .-..    ---    --.    -.--.

Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01001101 01101001 01100011 01110010 01101111 01100010 01101001 01101111 01101100 01101111 01100111 01111001

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#77 &#105 &#99 &#114 &#111 &#98 &#105 &#111 &#108 &#111 &#103 &#121

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

004D 0069 0063 0072 006F 0062 0069 006F 006C 006F 0067 0079

British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

477569848168758178817391

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Crosswords
3. Usage: Commercial
4. Images: Slideshow
5. Images: Photo Album
6. Quotations: Non-fiction
7. Usage Frequency
8. Expressions
9. Expressions: Internet
10. Translations: Modern
11. Derivations
12. Rhymes
13. Anagrams
14. Orthography
15. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

 

 

 

 

Note to the press & webmasters - this dictionary can be linked, indexed, or referred to using the following non-English expressions:
woordeboek, fjalor, ‏معجم, ‏قاموس, diccionariu, речник, diccionari, diksyonario, diksinario, 字典, gérlyver, slovník, ordbog, woordenboek, shimiyuc p'anca, orðabók, orðbók, dictionnaire, wurdboek, wörterbuch, λεξικό, אוצר מילים, szótár, uqausiit tukingit, dizionario, 字引 , じい, じびき, じて", ディクショナリー , じり", じしょ, '"かい, ディクショナリ , 사 , dizionari, recnik, fockleyr, dikshonario, słownik, dicionário, dicţionar, dicziunari, словарь, lolomi fefiloi, foclair, abardair, faclair, briathrachan, pukuntau, leksikon, rečnik, vocabbulariu, diccionario, sí-chazamagâma, ordbok, lexikon, พจนานุกรม, sözlük, ansiklopedik sözlük, словник, довідник, có tính chất sách vở, geirlyfr, geiriadur, for dictionary;
definisie, qartësi, përcaktim, saktësi, ‏الوضوحية في الشيء, ‏حد, ‏تحديد, ‏تعريف, ‏التحديد, ‏الإيضاحية, яснота, сила, очертания, дефиниция, 定義 , 定义, definice, deskriptordefinition, definitie, määritelmä, définition, ορισμός, "'"ר", "'בל", meghatározás, definíció, definizione, 確定 , ディーゼル電気車 , デ'ドロ酢酸 , デフィニション , ディフィニション , ていぎ, かくてい, 의, geyrid, meenaghey, keeayllaght, baght, definishon, definição, definiţie, determinare, definire, определение, definicija, definición, definition, açıklama, belirleme, belirtme, kesinleştirme, tanım, tarif, seçiklik, tanımlama, чіткість, тлумачення, виразність, визначення, дефініція, ясність, чітка чутність, sự định rõ, sự định nghĩa, lời định nghĩa sự định, diffiniad, darnodiad, for definition;
vertaling, transferim, transmetim, ‏ترجمة من لغة أجنبية للغة الأم, ‏ترجمة, ‏إفتتان, транслация, огъване, превод, предаване, поддаване, тълкуване, превеждане, 翻译, překlad, oversættelse, translatie, taajuusmuutos, translaatio, traduction, oersetting, Übersetzung, μετάφραση, תור'מ ות, תר'ום, "עתק", "עתק, fordítás, traduzione, 翻訳 , へい"ういどう, やくしょ, やくしゅつ, "うどく, ほ"やく, トランスレーション , やくじゅつ, ほ"やくしょ, 번역, tradukshon, tradução, translaţie, tãlmãcire, traducere, сдвиг, трансляция, перемещение, перевод, tumačenje, traducción, översättning, tercüme, процес перекладу, переклад, пояснення, переміщення, sự dịch, sự biến th nh sự giải thích, trosiad, for translation;
Albaans, Albanies, Albaniese taal, shqip, ‏الألبانية, ‏الألباني, албанец, албански език, албански, Albanyano, 阿"巴尼亚语, 阿爾巴尼亞人 , albánský, Albanees, albanskt, albanialainen, Albanais, Albaneesk, albaner, αλβανικόσ, Αλβανός, αλβανόσ, arbnisht, arbërisht, albán, albanskur, albanska, AlbÚinis, albanese, 알"니아, Albaneagh, albanês, arnãut, albanez, arnãuţesc, албанский, Alapania, albanski, albanac, albanés, alban, Arnavut, албанський, албанка, албанець, for Albanian;
Arabies, arabishte, ‏العربية, ‏عربي, ‏اللغة العربية, арабски език, арабски, 阿拉伯 , arabský, arabština, arábiskt, arabialainen, arabe, Arabysk, arabisch, αραβικόσ, ערבית, ערבי, arab, arabo, 아라비아, Arabish, arabir, arabic, арабский, Arapi, arapski, árabe, arabisk, าษาหรืออักขระอาหรับ, เกี่ยวกับอาระเบีย, arapça, arap, araplara özgü, арабська мова, арабський, tiếng A-rập, thuộc A-rập, for Arabic;
Bulgaars, Bulgaar, bulgr, ‏البلغارية, ‏بلغاري, Búlgaru, български, български език, българин, Bulgaryan, 保 利亚, bulharský, bulgarer, bulgarskt, bulgarialainen, Bulgaarsk, bulgare, 'ούλγαρος, bullgar, bolgár, bulgaro, 불가리아, Bulgeyragh, Bulgeyrish, Bułgar, болгарский, болгарин, bugarski jezik, bugarski, bugarka, bugarin, búlgaro, bulgar, bulgaristan ile ilgili, болгарський, người Bun-ga-ri tiếng Bun-ga-ri, for Bulgarian;
Sjinees, Chinees, kinez, ‏الصينية, ‏لغة الصين, ‏صيني, ‏الصيني أحد أبناء الصين, Chinu, китайски, Ininsik, 汉语, 中 , 漢 , 中國 , èínský, èínština, èíòan, kineser, kinesiskt, kinverskur, kiinalainen, Chinois, Sineesk, Chinesisch, Κινέζος, κινέζικα, κινέζικοσ, κινέζοσ, σινικόσ, kínai, Kínverji, Sínis, cinese, チフス菌 , チャイニーズ , 중국, Cina, Sheenish, Sheenagh, Hainamana, chines, Chińczyk, chinês, chinés, chinezesc, chinezeşte, chinezã, chinez, китайский, китаец, Saina, kineski jezik, kineski, chino, snesi, sneysi, kinesisk, çinli, çince, çin ile ilgili, çin, китаянка, китайська мова, китайський, кита"ць, for Chinese;
Tsjeggies, Tsjeg, çek, ‏تشيكي, ‏اللغة التشيكوسلوفاكية, ‏التشيكي أحد أبناء تشيكوسلوفاكيا, Checu, чешки, Sekoslovakyano, 捷克語 , 捷克语, 捷克 , èesky, èeské, èech, èeština, èeský, èeška, tjekker, tjekke, Tsjech, Tsjechisch, tjekkiskt, t?ekkiläinen, tchèque, Tsjechysk, Tscheche, tschechisch, Tschechin, Τσέχος, cseh, ceco, 체", Sheckagh, Sheckish, Czech, chèc, ceh, чешский, češki jezik, čeh, češki, checo, tjeck, Çek, çekoslovakyalı kimse, çekoslovakyalı, çek dili, чех, чеська мова, чеський, чешка, người Séc tiếng Séc, for Czech;
Deens, danisht, danishte, ‏لغة الدانمركية, ‏نوع كعك, ‏دانماركي, датски език, датски, Daniko, 丹麦语, dánský, dánština, danskur, danskt, tanskalainen, danois, Deensk, dänisch, δανικόσ, δανόσ, עו'ת שמרים, " י, dán, danska, Danmhairgis, danese, 덴마크, Danvargish, Danvargagh, danes, dinamarquês, danez, датский, danski, danski jezik, danés, dansk, danimarkalı, danimarka dili, датський, датська мова, tiếng Đan-mạch, for Danish;
Nederlands, Hollands, holandez, ‏هولندي, ‏اللغة الهولندية, холандски, немски език, холандски език, холандците, немски, Olandes, 菏蘭語 , 荷兰语, holandský, nizozemský, hollandsk, hollendskt, hollantilainen, néerlandais, Nederlânsk, holländisch, ολλανδικόσ, ολλανδόσ, holandisht, "ול "י, holland, hollenskur, Ollainnis, olandese, 네덜란", Belanda, Ollanish, Germaanish, Tatimana, nederlandsk, ulandes, hulandes, holandês, neerlandés, olandez, nemţesc, limba olandezã, german, голландский, holanđanin, u škripcu, holandski, holandés, bakratongo, holländsk, ชาวเนเธอร์แลน"์, เกี่ยวกับเนเธอร์แลน"์, รรยา, alman, eş, flemenkçe, holandaca, hollanda, karı, hollandalı, hollandalılara özgü olan, Hollandali, hollanda'ya ait, голландська мова, голландський, ngôn ngữ khó hiểu, "b xã", for Dutch;
Franse taal, Frans, franceze, francez, frëngjisht, frëng, frëngjishte, ‏فرنسي, ‏اللغة الفرنسية, ‏الشعب الفرنسي, gall, френски език, френски, Pranses, 法國 , 法文 , 法語 , 法语, francouzština, francouzský, franskur, franskt, ranskalainen, français, Frânsk, französisch, γάλλοσ, γαλλικόσ, γαλλική γλώσσα, γαλλίδα, צרפתי, צרפתית, francia, Fraincis, francese, フレコン化 , フランス" , 仏文 , 仏 , ふつぶ", フレンチ , フランセ , ふつ, "랑스, Perancis, Ny Frangee, Mooinjey ny Frank, frances, franses, francês, francezii, francezã, franţuzesc, franţuzeşte, французский, Falani, francuski jezik, francuski, francuzi, francés, sí-Fulentji, fransk, franska, fransızca, Fransiz, fransızca ile ilgili, fransız, fransa ile ilgili, французька мова, французький, Ffrengig, isiFulentshi, for French;
Duits, Duitser, Duitse taal, Germaan, gjerman, ‏ضرب من الرقص, ‏جرماني, ‏المانية, ‏الماني, ‏اللغة الألمانية, роден, германски, немски език, немски, немец, готически, германец, 德語 , 德语, 德文 , 德國 , nìmecký, nìmec, tysker, Duitse, týskur, týskt, týskari, saksalainen, Allemand, Dútsk, Deutsche, Deutsch, "ερμανός, gjermanisht, 'רמ י, 'רמ ית, német, þjóðverji, þýskur, GearmÚnach, GearmÚinis, tedesco, ジプシー音楽 , ジャーマン , 독일, todesch, Germaanagh, Garmane, Germaanish, Carmane, aleman, Niemiec, niemiecki, alemão, alemand, neamţ, немецкий, Siamani, germanski, alemán, Tudesku, Doysri, mjeremani, mdachi, sí-Jalimáne, tysk, เยอรมัน, าษาเยอรมัน, Alman, німкеня, німецький, німець, $sisters german$ chị em ruột, $cousin german$ anh chị em con chú bác ruột, sister, Almaenwr, isiJalimane, iliJalimane, iJalimane, for German;
Grieks, Griek, ‏الإغريقي, ‏يوناني, ‏اللغة اليونانية, Griegu, гръцки език, гръцки, грък, Griyego, 希臘語 , 希腊语, řecký, řeètina, řek, græker, grikst, kreikkalainen, grec, Gryk, Gryksk, Gryks, grieche, ελληνικόσ, 'Ελληνας, יו ית, יו י, görög, Grikki, greco, ギリシア語 , ギリシア", 그리스, Greagish, Greagagh, grego, grèc, greacã, греческий, Eleni, grk, grčki jezik, grčki, griego, grek, Yunanli, yunanlı, yunanca, yunan, Rumca, yunanistan'a ait, rum, грек, гречанка, грецька мова, грецький, kẻ cắp b gi gặp nhau, quân bạc bịp tôi không thể hiểu được điều đó thật l kỳ phùng địch thủ, người Hy-lạp tiếng Hy-lạp kẻ bịp bợm, kẻ lừa đảo, Groegwr, for Greek;
Jood, Hebreeus, Israeliet, hebraishte, ‏يهودي, ‏عبري, ‏اليهودية, ‏اللغة العبرية, ‏العبرية, Hebréu, иврит, древен жител на юдея, юдейски, израилтянин, евреин, староеврейски, староеврейски език, юдей, 西伯来, 希伯來語 , hebrejský, hebrejka, hebrejec, hebrejština, joods, Hebreeuws, hebraiskt, juutalainen, hébreu, Hebrieusk, hebräisch, hebräer, εβραϊκόσ, εβραϊκά, εβραίοσ, עברית, עברי, zsidó, héber, izraelita, Eabhrais, ebraico, ebreo, ヘブライ語 , ヘブライ", Ewagh, Ew, Ewnish, hudiu, hebraico, hebreu, ebrèu, limba ebraicã, izraelit, evreu, evreiesc, ebraic, еврейский, еврей, древнееврейский, древнееврейский язык, Eperu, hibru, hebreo, dyu, Myahudi, Yahudi, hebreiska, hebreisk, jude, ชาวฮิบรู (ปัจจุบันคือประเทศอิสราเอลและปาเลสไตน์), าษาฮิบรู (ปัจจุบันคือประเทศอิสราเอลและปาเลสไตน์), musevi, ibranice, ibrani, іудей, старо"врейська мова, старо"врейський, іврит, "врейський, "врей, người Hê-brơ, Hebraeg, Hebreaidd, for Hebrew;
Hongaars, Hongaar, hungarez, ‏الهنغاري, ‏مجري, ‏هنغاري, ‏المجري, ‏اللغة الهنغارية, Húngaru, унгарски език, унгарски, унгарец, Hungaryan, 匈牙利語 , 匈牙利语, maïarský, maïar, maïarština, ungarer, Hongaarse, ungarskt, unkarilainen, hongrois, Hongaarsk, ungar, Ούγγρος, "ו 'רי, magyar, ungherese, 헝가리, Ungaarish, Ungaaragh, Węgier, ongrés, ungureşte, ungur, limba maghiarã, unguresc, maghiar, limba ungarã, венгр, венгерский, mađarski, mađar, mađarski jezik, húngaro, ungrare, ชาวฮังการี, macarca, macar, угорська мова, угорка, угорський, угорець, người Hung-ga-ri tiếng Hung-ga-ri, for Hungarian;
Italianer, Italiaans, Italiaan, ‏شخص إيطالي, ‏اللغة الإيطالية, ‏الإيطالي, ‏إيطالي, Italianu, италиански език, италиански, италианец, Italyano, 意大利 , 意大利語 , 意大利语, italština, italský, ital, italiener, italienskt, italialainen, Italien, Italjaansk, italienisch, Ιταλός, italisht, איטלקי, איטלקית, olasz, Ítali, IodÚilis, italiano, 이탈리아, Iddaalish, Włoch, italianã, italienesc, italieneşte, italian, итальянский язык, итальянский, итальянец, Italia, italijanski, italijanski jezik, italijan, sí-Taliyáne, italienare, italiensk, italienska, เกี่ยวกับอิตาลี, ชาวอิตาลี, าษาอิตาลี, italyanca, italyan, італі"ць, італійська мова, італійський, італійка, for Italian;
korean, ‏كوري شمالي, ‏اللغة الكورية, ‏كوري جنوبي, ‏كوري, Coreanu, корейски, корейски език, Koryano, 韩国语, "國 , 朝鮮語 , korejský, korejec, korejština, Koreaans, koreanskt, coréen, Koreaansk, koreanisch, Koreaner, κορεάτησ, κορεάτικοσ, koreai, 한국, koreano, coréia, a língua coreana, coreean, limba coreeanã, кореец, корейский, Kolea, korejski jezik, korejski, koreanac, coreano, koreansk, ชาวเกาหลี, kore'li, кореянка, коре"ць, корейська мова, корейський, người Triều tiên tiếng Triều tiên, for korean;
Portugees, portugez, portugalisht, ‏اللغة البرتغالية, ‏البرتغالية, ‏البرتغالي, португалски език, португалски, португалец, Potuges, 葡萄牙语, 葡萄牙人 , 葡萄牙語 , portugalský, portugiser, portugisiskt, portugalilainen, portugais, Portugeesk, portugiesisch, πορτογάλοσ, ορτογάλος, portugál, Portaingéilis, portoghese, ポルトガル語 , ポルトガル", 포르투갈, Portiugish, Portiugagh, portugues, Portugalczyk, português, portughez, португальский, portugalski jezik, portugalski, portugalac, portugués, Mreno, si-Putúkezi, portugis, portekiz, Portekízlí, portekizli, portekizce, португальська мова, португальський, португалець, người B"-đ o-nha tiếng B"-đ o-nha, for Portuguese;
Roemeen, rumun, Rumanu, румънски език, румънски, румънец, Romanyan, 罗马尼亚语, rumunský, rumunština, rumæner, Roemeens, rumenskt, romanialainen, roumain, Roemeensk, rumäne, ρουμανόσ, Ρουμάνος, román, rumeno, 루마니아, Roomainagh, romeno, romanés, român, румын, румынский, rumunski, rumunski jezik, rumano, rumänsk, румунська мова, румун, румунський, румунка, for Romanian;
Russies, Rus, ‏الروسية, ‏روسي, ‏اللغة الروسية, Rusu, руски, руски език, руснак, Rusyan, 俄語 , 俄语, 俄文 , ruština, ruský, russer, russur, russiskt, venäläinen, Russysk, Russe, russisch, Ρώσος, רוסי, orosz, rússneskur, Rússi, Rúisis, russo, ロシア語 , ロシア", 러시아, Rooshish, Rooshagh, russisk, Rosjanin, русский, Lusia, ruski jezik, ruski, ruso, sí-Rashîya, ryss, ชาวรัสเซีย, rusça, росіянка, росіянин, російська мова, російський, người Nga tiếng Nga, for Russian;
塞爾維亞克羅地亞語 , 塞"维亚-克罗地亚语, serbokroatisch, 세르보크로아티아, servo-croata, sârbo-croat, srpsko-hrvatski, srpsko-hrvatski jezik, serbokroatiska, serbokroatisk, เกี่ยวกับ าษาเซอร์เบียและโครเอเชีย, าษาหลักของชาวเซอร์เบียและโครเอเชีย, for Serbo-Croatian;
Spaans, Spaanse taal, spanjoll, ‏اللغة الأسبانية, ‏الأسبانية, ‏أسباني, испански език, испански, espanyoles, Espanyol, 西班牙语, 西班牙文 , 西班牙語 , španìlský, španìlština, spanskt, espanjalainen, espagnol, Spaansk, spanisch, ισπανικά, ισπανικόσ, ισπανοί, karaiñe'êmegua, ספר"ית, ספר"י, spanyol, SpÚinnis, spagnolo, スペイン語 , スパイ罪 , スペイン", スパニッシュ , 스페인, Spaainagh, Spaainish, spañó, espanhol, espanhòl, spaniolesc, spanioleşte, spaniol, испанский, Sipaniolo, španski jezik, španski, español, spanska språk, spansk, ispanyollar, ispanyolca, ispanyol, іспанська мова, іспанський, for Spanish;
Sweeds, suedez, ‏اللغة السويدية, Suecu, шведски език, шведски, швед, Swedis, 瑞典語 , 瑞典语, švédský, švédština, Zweeds, svenskt, ruotsalainen, suédois, Sweedsk, schwedisch, σουηδικόσ, σουηδικά, svéd, sænskur, Sualainnis, svedese, スウェーデン語 , スウェーデン", 스웨덴, Soolynish, Soolynagh, suèc, шведский, švedski jezik, švedski, sueco, svensk, เกี่ยวกับคน าษาและวั'นธรรมของประเทศสวีเ"น, isveççe, isveç dili, isveç, Ísveçlí, шведська мова, шведський, người Thuỵ điển tiếng Thuỵ điển, for Swedish;
Tailandes, 泰國 , 泰文 , 泰国, 泰 , thailænder, Thailander, Thai, Thais, thailendskt, thaimaalainen, Thaïlandais, thailändisch, Thailänder, Ταϊλανδός· Ταϊλανδέζος, tailandese, 泰語 , たい", 타이 말, tailandês, tailandés, thailändare, ที่เกี่ยวกับประเทศไทย, าษาไทย, เกี่ยวกับคนไทย, คนไทย, Taylandlı, Tayland Dili, Tayland, Tai Dili, Та"ць, Тайська Мова, Тайський, for Thai;
Turks, turk, ‏تركي أحد أبناء تركيا, ‏اللغة التركية, Turcu, турски, турски език, Turko, 土耳其, 土耳其語 , tureètina, turecký, turkist, turkkilainen, turque, turc, Turksk, türkisch, τούρκικοσ, טורקי, török, Yn Turkish, Turkagh, turcesc, турецкий, turski jezik, turski, turco, turkisk, türk, türkçe, турецька мова, турецький, tiếng Thổ nhĩ kỳ, for Turkish;
乌克兰, for Ukranian;
Vietnamees, vietnamez, vietnamisht, виетнамски език, виетнамски, Vietnamis, 越南語 , 越南 , 越南语, vietnamský, vietnamka, vietnamec, vietnamština, vietnameser, vjetmanskt, vietnamilainen, vietnamien, Fjetnameesk, vietnamese, vietnamesisch, Vietnamesin, 'ιετναμέζος, vietnami, vietnámi, ベトナ 人 , ベトナ じ", 트남, vietnamita, вьетнамский, vijetnamski jezik, vijetnamski, vijetnamac, vietnames, vietnam, vietnamlı, vietnam dili, в'"тнамець, в'"тнамський, người Việt nam tiếng Việt, for Vietnamese;