Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Md |
MdNoun1. A radioactive transuranic element synthesized by bombarding einsteinium with alpha particles (Md is the current symbol for mendelevium; Mv was formerly the symbol). 2. A licensed medical practitioner; "I felt so bad I went to see my doctor". 3. A Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies. 4. A doctor's degree in medicine. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "Md" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1912. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | MD 1. Mini Disk. 2. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
This page is about medical Doctors, or physicians. The term Doctor is also correctly used to describe someone who holds a Doctorate - a higher academic degree. 'Doctor of Philosophy' (PhD) is the most common of these. Some physicians also hold PhD's, typically those who go on to take research as a career.
A Doctor, more correctly called a physician, is a health professional who specialises in curing or easing the ailments of others.
Doctors in all countries must pass through many years of training to qualify.
Commonwealth
Note that in the UK and other Commonwealth countries following the UK system, not all "doctors" are Doctors of Medicine. The academic doctorate in Medicine is a higher doctorate which is only earned by those who have made a significant academic contribution to medical science. Note also that surgeons are referred to as "Mr", not "Dr", unless they are also Doctors of Medicine.
In the UK a doctor's training normally follows this path:
At this stage the doctor can choose becoming a General Practitioner (GP), other community doctor, or a hospital doctor. The vast majority in the UK work as the former, who diagnose illnesses and refer patients for further examination by specialists if necessary. 90% of all patients are managed by their GP without the need for further referral. Hospital doctors can be promoted from SHOs to Registrar, and eventually to Consultant.
- Degree level Preclinical - Doctors must study medicine in university or medical school for two to three years "preclinical" (meaning little patient contact). However following recommendations by the British Medical Association (BMA) many universities are following a "Problem-based learning" approach, which stresses basing the studies around actual patient cases.
- Clinical - This time is spent in a teaching hospital and typically lasts two or three years. After this is completed the student doctor is awarded a Bachelor of Medicine (BM or MB) and Bachelor of Surgery (BCh or BS). He/she is now entitled to use the honorary prefix of "Dr", although he/she is not recognised as a "doctor" in the academic sense of the word (see Doctorate).
- House Officer (HO) - At this stage the student is allowed provisional registration as a junior doctor, but must complete two, six month periods as a house officer in a hospital.
- Senior house officer (SHO) - This lasts from anything between two to seven years depending on the specialty chosen. The doctor is now officially registered and must complete the time in a clinical position in a hospital.
United States
In the United States and countries following the U.S. method, the path to a medical degree is somewhat different.
However medicine is an extremely varied profession and lots of options are available. Some doctors work in pharmaceutical research, Occupational medicine (within a company), Public Health medicine (working for the general health of a population in an area), or join the armed forces.
- Admissions: Persons posessing a bachelor's degree--a four-year post-secondary degree usually earned at an accredited college or university--may apply for admission into medical school. Admissions criteria include overall performance in the Undergraduate years, performance in a group of courses specifically required by U.S. medical schools (biology, chemistry, organic chemistry, physics, and sometimes calculus), score on the MCAT (medical college admissions test--a national standardized test), application essay(s), and interview.
- Medical School: Once admitted to medical school, it takes four years to earn an M.D. or doctorate of medicine degree. The course of study is divided into two roughly equal parts. Preclinical study generally comprises the first two years and consists of classroom and laboratory instruction in subjects such as anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, microbiology, pathology, and neurosciences to name a few. Once the student successfully completes preclinical training, he or she moves on to the clinical portion. This usually occupies the final two years of medical school and takes place almost exclusively on the wards of a teaching hospital. The students observe and take part in the care actual patients. Rotations on clinical services such as internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, obstetrics/gynecology, and psychiatry are the basic parts of this curriculum but many specialty electives may be chosen as well. On earning a M.D., one can be called Dr.
- Internship: During the last year of medical school, students apply for postgraduate residencies in their chosen field of specialization. These are more or less competitive depending upon the desirability of the specialty, prestige of the program, and the number of applicants relative to the number of available positions. All but a few positions are granted via a national computer match which pairs an applicant's preference of position with the programs' preference for applicants. The first year of any residency is known as "internship". Completion of this year is the minimum training requirement for obtaining a license to practice medicine in the U.S.
- Residency: Each of the specialties in medicine has established its own curriculum which defines the length and content of residency training necessary to practice in that specialty. Programs range from three years after medical school for internal medicine to five years for surgery to eight or nine for neurosurgery. Each specialty incorporates an internship year to satisfy the requirements of licensure. All specialties hold a board exam (either written or written and oral) at the completion of training in order to confer "Board Certification" in that specialty.
- Fellowship: Certain highly specialized fields require formal training beyond residency. Examples of these are Cardiology, Endocrinology, Oncology after Internal Medicine; Cardiothoracic Surgery, Pediatric Surgery, Surgical Oncology after General Surgery to name just a few. There are many others for each field of study. The training programs for these fields are known as fellowships and their participants are "Fellows" to denote that they already have completed a residency and are "Board Eligible" or "Board Certified" in their basic specialty. Fellowships range in length from one to three years and are granted by application to the individual program or sub-specialty organizing board.
- Attendings: The physician or surgeon who has completed her or his residency and possibly fellowship training and is in the practice of their specialty is known as a Attending. These are the physicians who may independently care for patients and are the final arbitors of care. They are responsible for all care decisions and may bill for their services.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Doctor."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
ISO 3166-2 for Moldova (ISO 3166-1 : MD) The purpose of this family of standards is to establish a worldwide series of short abbreviations for places, for use on package labels, containers and such. Anywhere where a short alphanumeric code can serve to clearly indicate a location in a more convenient and less ambiguous form than the full place name. US readers may wish to consider them as the equivalent of worldwide zip or postal codes. Within the Wikipedia, the codes from the country pages link to the pages for the locations they identify.Codesystem: 2-character-alphabetic
Newsletters
ISO 3166-2:2002-12-10
Encoding list (13)
Autonomous territory (1)
City (1)
Districts (10)
Territorial unit (1)
See also
- ISO 3166-2, the reference table for all country region codes.
- ISO 3166-1, the reference table for all country codes, as used for domain names on the internet.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "ISO 3166-2:MD."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
- Alternate uses: Maryland (disambiguation)
Maryland
(In Detail) (Full size) State nickname: Old Line State; Free State 
Other U.S. StatesCapital Annapolis Largest City Baltimore Area
- Total
- Land
- Water
- % waterRanked 42nd
32,160 km²
25,338 km²
6,968 km²
21%Population
- Total (2000)
- DensityRanked 17th
5,296,486
165/km²Admittance into Union
- Order
- Date
7th
April 28, 1788Time zone Eastern: UTC-5/-4 Latitude
Longitude37°53'N to 39°43'N
75°4'W to 79°33'WWidth
Length
Elevation
-Highest
-Mean
-Lowest145 km
400 km
1,024 meters
105 meters
0 metersISO 3166-2: US-MD Maryland (MD) is a state in the east of the United States. Its U.S. postal abbreviation is MD. Its Associated Press abbreviation is Md.
USS Maryland was named in honor of this state.
History
The English colony of Maryland was founded by Lord Baltimore who on March 25, 1634 led the first settlers into this area which would soon become one of the few dominantly Catholic regions among the English colonies in America. The Maryland toleration act was one of the first laws that explicitly tolerated varieties of religion (as long as it was Christian), and is sometimes seen as a precursor to the First Amendment.
Originally, based on an incorrect map, the royal charter granted Maryland the Potomac River and territory northward to the fortieth parallel. This was found to be a problem, because the northern boundary would put Philadelphia, the major city in Pennsylvania, within Maryland. The Calvert family, which controlled Maryland, and the Penn family, which controlled Pennsylvania, engaged two surveyors, Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, to survey what became known as the Mason-Dixon line which would form the boundary between their two colonies.
St. Marie's City was the largest site of the original Maryland colony, and was the seat of state government until just before the beginning of the 18th century (when the government was moved to Annapolis). The government was moved at about the same time as the persecution of Maryland Catholics by Puritans from Virginia; during the persecutions, all of the original Catholic churches of southern Maryland were burned down. St Marie's City is now an archaelogical site, with a small tourist center.
Maryland was one of the thirteen colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution.
Maryland remained largely neutral in the United States Civil War. As it did not secede (in part due to precautions taken by the government in Washington, D.C), it was not included under the Emancipation Proclamation and retained legal slavery for some years after the Civil War.
Law and Government
As in all fifty states, the head of the executive branch of government is a Governor. The legislative branch is called the General Assembly, and consists of a 47-member Senate and a 141-member House of Delegates. See:List of Maryland Governors
Geography
See: List of Maryland countiesMaryland is bounded on the north by Pennsylvania, on the west by West Virginia, on the east by Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean, and on the south, across the Potomac River, by Virginia. Chesapeake Bay nearly bisects the state.
- Physical formations
- Appalachian Mountains
- Chesapeake Bay
Economy
- Federal Agencies
- National Institutes of Health
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center
- National Institute of Standards and Technology
- Nuclear Regulatory Commission
- National Security Agency
Military Facilities
- Bethesda Naval Medical Center
- Andrews Air Force Base
- Aberdeen Proving Ground
- Fort Meade
Transit
Maryland's major Interstate Highways include I-95, which enters the northeast portion of the state, goes through Baltimore, and becomes the Capital Beltway to the Woodow Wilson Bridge. I-68 connects the western portions of the state to Frederick, and I-70 connects Frederick with Baltimore.Maryland's main airport is Baltimore-Washington International Airport (formerly known as Friendship Airport).
Amtrak Trains serve Baltimore along the Northeast Corridor. MARC trains, operated by the State's Transit Authority, connect nearby Washington, D.C and Baltimore, and other towns.
Demographics
As of 2000, the state's population was 5,296,486.
Important Cities and Towns
- Annapolis - state capital
- For a more exhaustive list, see List of cities in Maryland
Counties
- See List of counties in Maryland
Education
- Baltimore Hebrew University
- Baltimore International College
- Bowie State University
- Capitol College
- Chesapeake College
- College of Notre Dame of Maryland
- Columbia Union College
- Coppin State College
- Goucher College
- Frostburg State University
- Hood College
- Johns Hopkins University
- Loyola College
- Maryland institute, College of Art
- Morgan State University
- Mount Saint Mary's College
- St. John's College, Annapolis
- St. Mary's College of Maryland
- Salisbury University
- Soujourner-Douglass College
- Towson University
- The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
- United States Naval Academy
- University of Baltimore
- University System of Maryland
- University of Maryland, Baltimore
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County
- University of Maryland, College Park
- University of Maryland, Eastern Shore
- University of Maryland University College
- Washington Bible College
- Washington College
- Western Maryland College
- Villa Julie College
- National Football League
- Baltimore Ravens
- Washington Redskins,
- Baltimore Bayhawks, Major League Lacrosse
- Baltimore Orioles, Major League Baseball
- Minor League baseball teams
- Hagerstown Suns
- Bowie Baysox
- Frederick Keys
- Aberdeen IronBirds
- Delmarva Shorebirds
Miscellaneous information
The state bird is the Baltimore oriole; the state flower is the black-eyed susan; state sport is jousting; state dog is the Chesapeake Bay Retriever; state fish is the rockfish (striped bass); state cat is the calico cat; and the state song is "Maryland, My Maryland." Nickname is "The Old Line State."
External links
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Maryland."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
MD or md may stand for:
- Maryland, state code
- McDonnell Douglas aircraft
- Medicinæ Doctor, Doctor of Medicine (academic degree)
- Mendelevium (Md), symbol for the chemical element
- Minidisc
- Moldova, ISO country code
- Sega Megadrive
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "MD."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Mendelevium is a chemical element in the periodic table with the symbol Md and the atomic number 101. Mendelevium is one of the synthetic transuranic chemical elements. It is the ninth transuranium element of the actinide series
History
It was named after the Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev, who devised the periodic table. It was first identified by Albert Ghiorso, Harvey, Greg Choppin, Thompson, and Glenn T. Seaborg in early in 1955 during the bombardment of the isotope 253Es with helium ions in the Berkeley Radiation Laboratory 60-inch cyclotron. The isotope produced was 256Md, which has a half-life of 76 min. This first identification was notable in that 256Md was synthesized on a one-atom-at-a-time basis.Isotopes
Fourteen isotopes are now recognized. 258Md has a half-life of 2 months. This isotope has been produced by the bombardment of an isotope of einsteinium with ions of helium. Eventually enough 258Md should be made to determine its physical properties.
Uses
256Md has been used to elucidate some of the chemical properties of mendelevium in aqueous solution.
Properties
Experiments seem to show that the element possesses a moderately stable dipositive (II) oxidation state in addition to the tripositive (III) oxidation state, which is characteristic of the actinide elements.
References
- Los Alamos National Laboratory entry
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Mendelevium."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
MD | Danish | Republikken Moldova | Geography |
MD | Dutch | Moldavië | Geography |
MD | English | Mucosal disease | N/A |
MD | Finnish | Neurolymfomatoosi | Food & Agriculture, Biology & Biotechnology |
MD | French | Mademoiselle ou Madame | N/A |
MD | German | Republik Moldova | Geography, Law |
MD | Greek | Μολδαβία | Geography |
MD | Italian | Repubblica di Moldavia | N/A |
MD | Portuguese | Medições destrutivas | Nuclear Energy & Physics |
MD | Spanish | Moldavia | Geography |
MD | Swedish | Republiken Moldova | N/A |
| Md. | Dutch | Maand | Geography, Meteorology & Standards |
| Md. | English | Maryland | Geography |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: MdSynonyms: atomic number 101 (n), doc (n), doctor (n), medico (n), mendelevium (n), physician (n). (additional references) |
Crosswords: Md |
| Specialty definitions using "Md": DBC ♦ Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer ♦ GLOBAL CHANGE MASTER DIRECTORY, GOES DCS ♦ M Technology Association, measured drilling depth ♦ Pulse Code Modulation ♦ Recursive Macro Actuated Generator ♦ SDL, S-Lang. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Md" is also a word in the following language with English translations in parentheses. Portuguese (destructive analysis, destructive assay, Moldova, Republic of Moldova). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Movie/TV Titles | MD Betty Boop (1932) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title |
References | |
Books | |
Periodicals | |
Theater & Movies | |
High Tech |
|
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | The National Library of Medicine (NLM) is located on the campus of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, MD. The photograph was taken of NLM's east side with Lister Hill behind the library with the cherry blossoms in the foreground. Credit: Bill Branson (photographer). |  | Robert J. Anderson, MD, MPH., Chief, CDC, 1956 - 1960. Credit: CDC. |
 | The duties of the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Md., will be expanded to ... Credit: NASA. |  | Roger Griffis of NOAA assists in the clean-up at Ft. McHenry, MD. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |
 | Margaret McCalla of NOAA cleans trash off the beach at Ft. McHenry, MD. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |  | Secretary of the Air Force Whit Peters receives the Air Force Order of the Sword from Chief Master Sgt. of the Air Force Jim Finch and Chief Master Sgt. James Mazza at an induction ceremony held Dec. 16 at Andrews Air Force Base, Md. The Order of the Swor. |
 | milk truck near Fulton, MD. Credit: USDA. |  | Carroll County, MD. Credit: USDA. |
 | Kathy Wilson inspect labels on USDA commodities at the Montgomery County Food and Nutrition Service Center Warehouse in Montgomery County, MD. Credit: USDA. |  | Oil painting of a pair of surf scoters in flight by Wilhelm Goebel, 30677 E. Rustic Drive, Salisbury, MD 21804. The painting depicts New Jersey's southern shoreline featuring the Barnegat lighthouse in the background. Wil, a nationally known wildlife artist, received a degree in biology from Ithaca College, NY, and makes a lifetime study of bird anatomy. He began entering the Federal Duck Stamp competition at the age of 18 and after 17 years of submitting artwork, finally won the big prize. Wil designed the 1994 New Jersey Duck Stamp and additional fishing stamps for New Jersey, Delaware and Illinois. He has been selected to design the 1996 New Jersey Duck Stamp, the 1996 North Dakota Duck Stamp and the 1996 Alaska Duck Stamp. Return to the Federal Duck Stamp Office Home Page. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Mini Disc 01" by Parahype Commentary: "Incubus MD." | "Rocks" by Christie Ortiz Commentary: "These rocks line the harbor down in Canton, MD." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Lezak MD. Living with the characterologically altered brain injured patient. (references) | |
The NINDS conducts research in its own laboratories at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, MD, and supports research at institutions worldwide. (references) | ||
However, considerable advances are needed to make gene replacement workable for children with MD. The technology of gene replacement is just beginning to yield clinical success in some of the simplest diseases to treat. (references) | ||
Business | This experiment in 3 key cities are participated by other leading companies in music, broadcasting, publishing industries and will gauge opportunities not only for various contents but marketing methods (media mix). The retail price for music will be 200 yen (about $2) per number for downloading onto a MD. This station has an "Import Boutique" in the same unit through which general public may enjoy personal imports of other tangible goods. (references) | |
Trade | Turkey | In the United States, carnets are sold by the U.S. Council for International Business and Roanoke Trade Services at the following locations: New York, NY, (212) 708-5078; Long Beach, CA, (800) 421-9324 or (562) 628-9306; Schaumburg, IL, (800) 762-6653 or (847) 969-8211; San Francisco, CA (800) 255-4994 or (415) 732-5480; Miami, FL (also serves Houston) (800) 468-5467 or (305) 593-5583; Hunt Valley, MD (800) 422-9944 or (410) 771-6100 x 12; Boston, MA (800) 233-3620 or (617) 368-9907; and Houston, TX (pick up site only) (800) 456-0422 or (713) 582-6464 x 102. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Md" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 50.75% of the time. "Md" is used about 199 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 50.75% | 101 | 32,488 |
| Noun (proper) | 49.25% | 98 | 33,072 |
| Total | 100.00% | 199 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| Denmark | MD Foods amba | USA | MD HealthShares Corporation |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expression using "Md": Russian River Md. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "Md": md-bi, md-dos, Md-ii, md-il. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
web md | 41,882 | owings mill md | 419 |
germantown md | 2,344 | waldorf md | 399 |
silver spring md | 2,263 | hyattsville md | 389 |
columbia md | 1,872 | cockeysville md | 347 |
md | 1,802 | catonsville md | 341 |
bethesda md | 1,505 | upper marlboro md | 319 |
hagerstown md | 1,438 | parkville md | 292 |
ellicott city md | 1,147 | reisterstown md | 285 |
md consult | 833 | churchville md | 280 |
potomac md | 705 | lutherville timonium md | 279 |
md anderson | 685 | md player | 277 |
laurel md | 658 | com md web | 272 |
towson md | 582 | olney md | 271 |
patuxent river md | 562 | md forte | 266 |
glen burnie md | 548 | beltsville md | 260 |
inner harbor baltimore md | 518 | lexington park md | 252 |
greenbelt md | 503 | elkridge md | 246 |
westminster md | 497 | nottingham md | 238 |
pasadena md | 438 | dundalk md | 234 |
ocean city md hotel | 437 | severn md | 223 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "Md"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Dutch | berichtssamenvattingsalgoritme (MD algorithm, message digest algorithm). (various references) | |
French | algorithme de condensation de message (MD algorithm). (various references) | |
Greek | αλγόριθμος για σύνοψη μηνύματος (MD algorithm, message digest algorithm). (various references) | |
Italian | algoritmo di "compendio" dei messaggi (MD algorithm, message digest algorithm). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | mday.(various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | doktor (doc, doctor, dr, physician). (various references) | |
Spanish | algoritmo de compendios de mensajes (MD algorithm, message digest algorithm). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words ending with "Md": fremd. (additional references) | |
Words containing "Md": dumdum, dumdums, filmdom, filmdoms, gumdrop, gumdrops, humdinger, humdingers, humdrum, humdrums, melamdim, novemdecillion, novemdecillions. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words containing the letters "d-m" | |
+1 letter: dam, dim, dom, mad, med, mid, mod, mud. | |
+2 letters: amid, dame, damn, damp, dams, deem, deme, demo, demy, derm, dime, dims, dome, doms, doom, dorm, doum, dram, drum, duma, dumb, dump, emyd, idem, imid, made, mads, maid, maud, mead, meed, meld, mend, midi, mids, mild, mind, mode, modi, mods, mold, mood, muds. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Quotations: Non-fiction 10. Usage Frequency 11. Names: Company Usage 12. Expressions | 13. Expressions: Internet 14. Translations: Modern 15. Abbreviations 16. Acronyms | 17. Derivations 18. Anagrams 19. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
