Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Mandible |
MandibleNoun1. The lower jawbone in vertebrates; it is hinged to open the mouth. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "mandible" was first used: 1392. (references) |
Etymology: Mandible \Man"di*ble\, noun. [Latin expression mandibula, mandibulum, from mandere to chew. Compare to Manger.]. (Websters 1913) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Health | The largest and strongest bone of the face constituting the lower jaw. It supports the lower teeth. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The mandible (Inferior Maxillary Bone), (together with the maxilla) the largest and strongest bone of the face, serves for the reception of the lower jaw and teeth. It consists of a curved, horizontal portion, the body, and two perpendicular portions, the rami, which unite with the ends of the body nearly at right angles.
The Body
('corpus mandibulæ')
The body is curved somewhat like a horseshoe and has two surfaces and two borders.Surfaces
The external surface [Fig. 1] is marked in the median line by a faint ridge, indicating the symphysis or line of junction of the two pieces of which the bone is composed at an early period of life. This ridge divides below and encloses a triangular eminence, the mental protuberance, the base of which is depressed in the center but raised on either side to form the mental tubercle. On either side of the symphysis, just below the incisor teeth, is a depression, the incisive fossa, which gives origin to the Mentalis and a small portion of the Orbicularis oris. Below the second premolar tooth, on either side, midway between the upper and lower borders of the body, is the mental foramen, for the passage of the mental vessels and nerve. Running backward and upward from each mental tubercle is a faint ridge, the oblique line, which is continuous with the anterior border of the ramus; it affords attachment to the Depressor labii Inferioris (Quadratus labii inferioris) and Depressor anguli oris (Triangularis); the Platysma is attached below it.
Figure 1 : Mandible. Outer surface. Side view.Borders
The superior or alveolar border, wider behind than in front, is hollowed into cavities, for the reception of the teeth; these cavities are sixteen in number, and vary in depth and size according to the teeth which they contain. To the outer lip of the superior border, on either side, the Buccinator is attached as far forward as the first molar tooth. The inferior border is rounded, longer than the superior, and thicker in front than behind; at the point where it joins the lower border of the ramus a shallow groove; for the external maxillary artery, may be present.
Figure 2 : Mandible. Inner surface. Side view.The Ramus
('ramus mandibulæ; perpendicular portion')
The ramus is quadrilateral in shape, and has two surfaces, four borders, and two processes.Surfaces
The lateral surface [Fig. 1] is flat and marked by oblique ridges at its lower part; it gives attachment throughout nearly the whole of its extent to the Masseter. The medial surface [Fig. 2] presents about its center the oblique mandibular foramen, for the entrance of the inferior alveolar vessels and nerve. The margin of this opening is irregular; it presents in front a prominent ridge, surmounted by a sharp spine, the lingula mandibulae, which gives attachment to the sphenomandibular ligament; at its lower and back part is a notch from which the mylohyoid groove runs obliquely downward and forward, and lodges the mylohyoid vessels and nerve. Behind this groove is a rough surface, for the insertion of the internal pterygoid muscle (Pterygoideus internus). The mandibular canal runs obliquely downward and forward in the ramus, and then horizontally forward in the body, where it is placed under the alveoli and communicates with them by small openings. On arriving at the incisor teeth, it turns back to communicate with the mental foramen, giving off two small canals which run to the cavities containing the incisor teeth. In the posterior two-thirds of the bone the canal is situated nearer the internal surface of the mandible; and in the anterior third, nearer its external surface. It contains the inferior alveolar vessels and nerve, from which branches are distributed to the teeth. The lower border of the ramus is thick, straight, and continuous with the inferior border of the body of the bone. At its junction with the posterior border is the angle of the mandible, which may be either inverted or everted and is marked by rough, oblique ridges on each side, for the attachment of the Masseter laterally, and the Pterygoideus internus medially; the stylomandibular ligament is attached to the angle between these muscles. The anterior border is thin above, thicker below, and continuous with the oblique line. The posterior border is thick, smooth, rounded, and covered by the parotid gland. The upper border is thin, and is surmounted by two processes, the coronoid in front and the condyloid behind, separated by a deep concavity, the mandibular notch.
The Coronoid Process (processus coronoideus) is a thin, triangular eminence, which is flattened from side to side and varies in shape and size. Its anterior border is convex and is continuous below with the anterior border of the ramus; its posterior border is concave and forms the anterior boundary of the mandibular notch. Its lateral surface is smooth, and affords insertion to the Temporalis and Masseter. Its medial surface gives insertion to the Temporalis, and presents a ridge which begins near the apex of the process and runs downward and forward to the inner side of the last molar tooth. Between this ridge and the anterior border is a grooved triangular area, the upper part of which gives attachment to the Temporalis, the lower part to some fibers of the Buccinator.
The Condyloid Process (processus condyloideus) is thicker than the coronoid, and consists of two portions: the condyle, and the constricted portion which supports it, the neck. The condyle presents an articular surface for articulation with the articular disk of the temporomandibular joint; it is convex from before backward and from side to side, and extends farther on the posterior than on the anterior surface. Its long axis is directed medialward and slightly backward, and if prolonged to the middle line will meet that of the opposite condyle near the anterior margin of the foramen magnum. At the lateral extremity of the condyle is a small tubercle for the attachment of the temporomandibular ligament. The neck is flattened from before backward, and strengthened by ridges which descend from the forepart and sides of the condyle. Its posterior surface is convex; its anterior presents a depression for the attachment of the Pterygoideus externus.
The mandibular notch, separating the two processes, is a deep semilunar depression, and is crossed by the masseteric vessels and nerve.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Mandible."
Synonyms: MandibleSynonyms: jawbone (n), jowl (n), lower jaw (n), lower jawbone (n), mandibula (n), submaxilla (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Food | Mouth, jaws, mandible, mazard, chops. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | I am Bishop Mandible, Transultimate Apostle of the Antisecular Conclave of Clerics. (Loom; writing credit: Brian Moriarty) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title |
Books | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit |  | A Nigerian boy with Burkitt's lymphoma of the mandible ... / WHO/University College Hospital, Ibadan photo.Credit: National Library of Medicine. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | The initiating injury resulting in ORN is frequently the extraction of a tooth from an irradiated mandible. (references) | |
Traditional treatment of ORN with antibiotics and surgical debridement frequently fails with progressive involvement of the remaining mandible. (references) | ||
Dentures causing ulceration of the atrophic mucosa over the mandible can initiate ORN. Spontaneous ORN can also occur without any obvious injury to the irradiated mandible. (references) | ||
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Mandible" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Mandible" is used about 100 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 100 | 32,668 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expression using "mandible": coronoid process of the mandible. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "mandible": mandible-like. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
mandible | 48 |
mandible reduction | 40 |
mandible enlargement | 40 |
fracture mandible | 6 |
maxilla mandible | 4 |
mandible plating system | 3 |
mandible tumor | 3 |
claw mandible | 3 |
mandible osteomyelitis | 3 |
anatomy mandible | 3 |
mandible picture | 3 |
fractured mandible | 2 |
chatter mandible | 2 |
mandible pain | 2 |
human mandible | 2 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "mandible"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | فك (break up, chap, detach, disassemble, disconnect, disengage, disentangle, disjoint, dismantle, dissociate, disunite, free, jaw, jaws, jowl, loose, loosening, release, separate, set free, take apart, take to pieces, undo, unfasten, unfix, untangle, untie, untying, unwind), الفك الأسفل (lower jaw). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | горна част на човка, мандибула, долна челюст, долна част на човка. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 下颚骨. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | dentale del af mandiblen (dentigerous part of the mandible). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | onderkaak (lower jaw, lower jaw bone). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Farsi | فک(تش.-ج.ش.), ارواره (Jaw, Jib). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | alaleuka (lower jaw), alakynsi (lower jaw). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | mandibule. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | Unterkiefer (jowl, lower jaw, lower jaw bone), Kinnbacken (jawbone, maxillary). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | κάτω γνάθοσ, σιαγόνι, οστούν της κάτω γνάθου (lower jaw bone). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | csőrkáva, állkapocs (chap, chop, jaw, jawbone, jaws, jowl). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | beguk (goiter). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | mandibola (jaw, jowl, lower jaw bone). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 下顎骨 . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | かがく"つ. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 턱 (Chin, jaw, jaws, mandibular). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | keeil (jamb, jaw, maxilla), cab (cab, die, jaw, jowl). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | andiblemay mandíbula (claw, jaw, jaws, jowl, lower jaw bone). (various references) mandibulã, falcã de jos (jowl). (various references) нижний челюсть. (various references) donja vilica. (various references) mandíbula (jaw, jawbone, lower jaw bone). (various references) käke (jaw, jowl). (various references) çene kemiği (chop, jawbone, maxilla), çene (chap, chin, chinwag, chitchat, chop, eloquence, gab, glass jaw, jaw, jawbone, jowl). (various references) нижня щелепа, піддзьобок. (various references) h m dưới. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | mandere, mandibula. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "mandible": mandibles. (additional references) | |
| |
"Mandible" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Madigbe, Madjber, Mambila, Mandelker, mandibule, mandila, mandile, mendable, mendible, Mondiale, Mondiali. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "mandible" (pronounced ma"ndubul) |
| 7 | -a" n d u b u l | expandable, understandable. |
| 6 | -n d u b u l | amendable, commendable, dependable, expendable, extendable, extendible, nonrefundable, refundable, spendable. |
| 5 | -d u b u l | affordable, audible, avoidable, biodegradable, buildable, credible, degradable, edible, erodible, excludable, formidable, inaudible, incredible, inedible, laudable, moldable, persuadable, readable, recordable, ridable, tradable, tradeable, unaffordable, unavoidable, unbuildable, unreadable. |
| 4 | -u b u l | abominable, acceptable, accessible, accountable, achievable, actionable, adaptable, addressable, adjustable, admirable, admissible, adoptable, adorable, advisable, affable, agreeable, allowable, amenable, amiable, amicable, analyzable, answerable, appealable, applicable, appreciable, approachable, approvable, arable, arguable, attainable, attributable, available, bankable, bearable, believable, billable, breakable, burnable, callable, cannibal, capable, changeable, chargeable, charitable, classifiable, collapsible, collectible, Combinable, comfortable, communicable, comparable, compatible, compensable, comprehensible, conceivable, confirmable, considerable, constable, consumable, contemptible, contestable, controllable, convertible, copyrightable, countable, creditable, crucible, culpable, curable, debatable, deductible, defensible, definable, delectable, deliverable, demonstrable, deplorable, deployable, depreciable, describable, desirable, despicable, detachable, detectable, determinable, developable, digestible, disagreeable, discernible, discountable, discoverable, dishonorable, dispensable, disposable, disreputable, distinguishable, divisible, doable, drinkable, drivable, durable, eatable, electable, eligible, Embraceable, employable, enforceable, enjoyable, enviable, equable, equitable, erasable, estimable, exchangeable, excitable, excusable, execrable, exercisable, explainable, exportable, fallible, fashionable, fathomable, favorable, feasible, fissionable, fixable, flammable, flexible, forcible, foreseeable, forfeitable, forgettable, forgivable, fungible, fusible, gullible, habitable, harvestable, heritable, hon, honorable, horrible, hospitable, identifiable, illegible, imaginable, imitable, immiscible, immovable, immutable, impassable, impeachable, impeccable, impenetrable, imperceptible, impermissible, implacable, implantable, implausible, imponderable, impossible, impracticable, impregnable, impressionable, improbable, inaccessible, inadmissible, inadvisable, inalienable, inapplicable, incalculable, incapable, incomparable, incompatible, incomprehensible, incompressible, inconceivable, incontrovertible, incorrigible, incurable, indefatigable, indefensible, indefinable, indelible, indescribable, indestructible, indispensable, indisputable, indistinguishable, indivisible, indomitable, ineffable, ineligible, inequitable, inescapable, inevitable, inexcusable, inexhaustible, inexorable, inexplicable, infallible, infeasible, inflammable, inflatable, inflexible, inheritable, inhospitable, inimitable, injectable, innumerable, inoperable, insatiable, inscrutable, inseparable, insoluble, insufferable, insupportable, insurmountable, intangible, intelligible, interchangeable, interminable, interruptible, intolerable, intractable, invaluable, investable, invincible, inviolable, invisible, invulnerable, irascible, irreconcilable, irrefutable, irremediable, irreparable, irreplaceable, irrepressible, irresistible, irresponsible, irreversible, irrevocable, irritable, issuable, justifiable, knowledgeable, lamentable, laughable, leasable, legible, liable, likable, likeable, livable, lovable, malleable, manageable, maneuverable, marketable, measurable, memorable, microwavable, miscible, miserable, movable, navigable, negligible, negotiable, noncallable, nonconvertible, nondeductible, nondurable, nonrenewable, nontaxable, nontransferable, notable, noticeable, objectionable, observable, obtainable, operable, ostensible, palatable, palpable, parable, passable, patentable, payable, peaceable, perceptible, perishable, permeable, permissible, personable, pitiable, plausible, pleasurable, pliable, portable, possible, potable, practicable, predictable, preferable, presentable, preventable, printable, probable, profitable, programmable, prosecutable, provable, punishable, questionable, quotable, reachable, realizable, reasonable, receivable, rechargeable, recognizable, recoverable, recyclable, redeemable, redoubtable, reducible, regrettable, reliable, remarkable, removable, renewable, rentable, repairable, repayable, repeatable, replaceable, reportable, reprehensible, reputable, resealable, resettable, respectable, responsible, retractable, returnable, reusable, reversible, revocable, salable, saleable, salvageable, seasonable, sensible, serviceable, sizable, sizeable, sociable, soluble, solvable, submersible, suggestible, suitable, supportable, survivable, susceptible, sustainable, syllable, talkable, tangible, taxable, teachable, tenable, terrible, tolerable, traceable, tractable, trainable, transferable, transferrable, transmittable, transportable, treatable, tunable, typeable, unacceptable, unaccountable, unalienable, unalterable, unanswerable, unassailable, unattainable, unavailable, unbearable, unbeatable, unbelievable, uncollectible, uncomfortable, unconscionable, uncontrollable, undeniable, undesirable, undetectable, unelectable, unemployable, unenforceable, unenviable, unexplainable, unfashionable, unfathomable, unfavorable, unfeasible, unflappable, unforeseeable, unforgettable, unforgivable, ungovernable, unimaginable, unimpeachable, uninhabitable, uninsurable, unintelligible, unjustifiable, unknowable, unlivable, unmanageable, unmentionable, unmistakable, unobtainable, unpalatable, unpredictable, unprintable, unprofitable, unquestionable, unreachable, unreasonable, unrecognizable, unreliable, unremarkable, unsalable, unshakable, unsinkable, unsolvable, unspeakable, unstoppable, unsuitable, unsupportable, unsustainable, untenable, unthinkable, untouchable, untraceable, unusable, unverifiable, unwinnable, unworkable, usable, variable, vegetable, venerable, verifiable, veritable, viable, visible, voluble, vulnerable, washable, wearable, winnable, workable. |
| 3 | -b u l | able, amble, assemble, babble, Babel, bauble, bible, bramble, bubble, Bumble, cable, cobble, coble, corbel, crumble, cymbal, dabble, Dibble, disable, disassemble, dissemble, double, Drabble, dribble, enable, enfeeble, ennoble, ensemble, fable, feeble, foible, fumble, gable, gamble, Garble, global, gobble, Gribble, grumble, hardscrabble, herbal, hobble, humble, ignoble, immeasurable, immobile, intertribal, jumble, kibble, label, libel, marble, mislabel, mobile, mumble, nibble, nimble, noble, nonverbal, pebble, preamble, psychobabble, quibble, rabble, ramble, reassemble, rebel, redouble, relabel, resemble, Roble, rouble, roundtable, rubble, Ruble, rumble, sable, Scrabble, scramble, scribble, shamble, Sibyl, squabble, Stabile, stable, stubble, stumble, symbol, table, thimble, timetable, treble, tremble, tribal, trouble, tubal, tumble, turntable, umbel, unable, unscramble, unserviceable, unstable, valuable, verbal, wamble, wobble. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-b-d-e-i-l-m-n" | |
-1 letter: minable. | |
-2 letters: aidmen, alined, ambled, badmen, bailed, bedamn, bedlam, beldam, bindle, blamed, daimen, denial, lambed, lambie, limbed, limned, maiden, mailed, maline, medial, median, medina, menial, milden, milneb, nailed, nimble. | |
-3 letters: abide, admen, ailed, aimed, alien, aline, amble, amend, amide, amine, anile, anime, baled, baned, bedim, bield, binal, blade, blain, blame, bland, blend, blind, denim, elain, eland, email, ideal, imbed, laden, lamed, leman, liane, liman, limba, limed, limen, lined, maile, maned, medal, media, menad, minae, mined, naled, named, nidal. | |
-4 letters: abed, able, aide, alme, amen, amid, amie, amin, anil, bade, bail, bald, bale, balm, band, bane, bani, bead, beam, bean, bema, bend, bide, bile, bima, bind, bine, blae, blam, bled, blin, dale, dame, damn, deal, dean, deil, deli, deni, dial, diel, dime, dine, elan, iamb, idea, idem, idle, ilea, lade, laid, lain, lamb, lame, land, lane, lead, lean, lend, lied, lien, lima, limb, lime, limn, line, mabe, made, maid, mail, main, male, mane, mead, meal, mean, meld, mend, mien, mild, mile, mina, mind, mine, nabe, nail, name, nema, nide. | |
-5 letters: aid, ail, aim, ain, alb, ale, ami, and, ane, ani, bad, bal, bam, ban, bed, bel, ben, bid, bin, dab, dal, dam, deb, del, den, dib, die, dim, din, eld, elm, end, lab, lad, lam, lea, led, lei, lib, lid, lie, lin, mad, mae, man, med, mel, men, mib, mid, mil, nab, nae, nam, neb, nib, nil, nim. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-b-d-e-i-l-m-n" | |
+1 letter: mandibles. | |
+2 letters: imbalanced, timberland. | |
+3 letters: disablement, indomitable, lamebrained, mandibulate, medicinable, misbalanced, timberlands. | |
+4 letters: blandishment, descrambling, determinable, determinably, diminishable, disablements, imponderable, imponderably, inadmissible, sedimentable, unmodifiable. | |
+5 letters: administrable, admirableness, benzimidazole, blandishments, disassembling, discriminable, imponderables, multibranched, unmetabolized. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)4D 61 6E 64 69 62 6C 65 |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
|
| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
|
| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
|
| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
|
Morse Code (1836) (references)-- .- -. -.. .. -... .-.. . |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
|
Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01001101 01100001 01101110 01100100 01101001 01100010 01101100 01100101 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)M a n d i b l e |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)004D 0061 006E 0064 0069 0062 006C 0065 |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
|
Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)4767807075687871 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Quotations: Non-fiction | 9. Usage Frequency 10. Expressions 11. Expressions: Internet 12. Translations: Modern | 13. Translations: Ancient 14. Derivations 15. Rhymes 16. Anagrams | 17. Orthography 18. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
