Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
| Domain | Definition |
Health | An intracellular signaling system involving the MAP kinase cascades (three-membered protein kinase cascades). Various upstream activators, which act in response to extracellular stimuli, trigger the cascades by activating the first member of a cascade, MAP kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKKs). Activated MAPKKKs phosphorylate mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases which in turn phosphorylate the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The MAPKs then act on various downstream targets to affect gene expression. In mammals, there are several distinct MAP kinase pathways including the ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway, the SAPK/JNK (stress-activated protein kinase/c-jun kinase) pathway, and the p38 kinase pathway. There is some sharing of components among the pathways depending on which stimulus originates activation of the cascade. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)4D 41 50 4B 49 4E 41 53 45 53 49 47 4E 41 4C 49 4E 47 53 59 53 54 45 4D |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01001101 01000001 01010000 00100000 01001011 01001001 01001110 01000001 01010011 01000101 00100000 01010011 01001001 01000111 01001110 01000001 01001100 01001001 01001110 01000111 00100000 01010011 01011001 01010011 01010100 01000101 01001101 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)M A P   K I N A S E   S I G N A L I N G   S Y S T E M |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)004D 0041 0050 004B 0049 004E 0041 0053 0045 0053 0049 0047 004E 0041 004C 0049 004E 0047 0053 0059 0053 0054 0045 004D |
Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)473550245434835533925343414835464348412535953543947 |
| 1. Orthography 2. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
