Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Leipzig |
LeipzigNoun1. A city in southeastern Germany famous for fairs; formerly a music and publishing center. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "Leipzig" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1830. (references) |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The Battle of Leipzig (October 16-19, 1813), also called the Battle of the Nations, was the largest conflict in the Napoleonic Wars and one of the worst defeats suffered by Napoleon Bonaparte.
Following the disastrous campaign in Russia and defeats in the Peninsular War, the anti-French forces had cautiously regrouped as the Sixth Coalition, comprising Britain, Russia, Spain, Portugal, Prussia, Austria, Sweden and certain smaller German states.
Napoleon sought to re-establish his hold in Germany, winning two small victories at Lützen, on May 2 and Bautzen, on May 20-21 over Russo-Prussian forces. The victories led to a brief armistice but this lasted even less time than usual. The Allies rejoined the conflict under the command of Gebhard von Blucher, Crown Prince Charles of Sweden (Bernadotte) and Karl Schwarzenberg. The Allies tactics were to avoid clashes with Napoleon but seek meetings with his marshals, this led to victories at Grossbeeren, Kulm, Katzbach and at Dennewitz.
Napoleon failed to capture Berlin before withdrawing westwards, crossing the Elbe in late September and organizing his forces around Leipzig to protect his supply lines and meet the Allies. Napoleon arranged his army around Leipzig, but concentrating his force from Taucha through Stötteritz (where Napoleon placed his command) and then curving south-west to Lindenau. The Prussians advanced from Wartenburg, the Austrians and Russians from Dresden and the Swedish force from the north. In total, the French had around 190,000 soldiers and the Allies almost 330,000 with both sides having significant artillery.
The battle began on the 16th with an attack by 78,000 Allied troops from the south and 54,000 from the north, they achieved little and were soon forced back. The following day both forces merely skirmished as reinforcements arrived and were organized. On the 18th the Allies launched a huge assault from all sides, in over nine hours of fighting the French were slowly forced back towards Leipzig, both sides suffered heavy casualties and only the bravery of the French troops prevented a breakthrough. Napoleon saw that the battle could only end in defeat and on the night of the 18th-19th began to withdraw the majority of his army across the river Elster. The retreat went well until early afternoon when the single bridge was mistakenly destroyed, leaving the French rearguard to be caught by the Allies or to drown trying to swim the river.
Total casualties are uncertain, estimates range from 80,000 to 110,000 killed or wounded from both sides. Taking an estimate of 95,000 total, the Allies lost 55,000 and the French 40,000, with around 30,000 French taken prisoner. The battle ended the French Empire east of the Rhine and brought a number of German states over to the Allies.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Battle of Leipzig."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Leipzig is the largest city in the federal state (Bundesland) of Saxony. The name is derived from the old-slavic (also Polish) Lipsk (settlement where the linden trees stand). It is situated at the confluence of the rivers Pleisse, White Elster, and Parthe. Leipzig's population, which peaked at 750,000 before the second world war, has diminished to just about 500,000 by 2002.
First documented in 1015, and endowed with city and market privileges in 1165, Leipzig has always been known as a place of commerce. The Leipzig Trade Fair became an event of international importance; especially as a point of contact to the east-european economic bloc (Comecon) of which East Germany (with Leipzig) was a member.
The foundation of the Universität Leipzig in 1409 initiated the city's development into a center of the publishing industry, and towards being a location of the German National Library (founded in 1912, http://www.ddb.de). Johann Sebastian Bach worked in Leipzig from 1723 to 1750, at the St. Thomas church. In 1813, the Leipzig region was the arena of the Battle of the Nations.
Having been a terminal of the first German long distance railroad (1838, to Dresden, the capital city of Saxony), Leipzig became a hub of central-european railroad traffic, with a renowned station building, now the largest passenger train station in Europe. Nobel prize laureate Werner Heisenberg worked as a physics professor at Leipzig University from 1927 to 1942.
Among Leipzig's noteworthy institutions are also the Gewandhaus Orchestra and the Leipzig Zoo, which houses the world's largest facilities for primates.
Leipzig is also the German candidate for the 2012 Summer Olympics.
Quotations
"Mein Leipzig lob' ich mir! Es ist ein klein Paris und bildet seine Leute. (I praise my Leipzig! It's a little Paris and educates its people.)" -- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in Faust
Twinning
Leipzig is twinned with Birmingham, England.
External link
See the city's own website, http://www.leipzig.de.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Leipzig."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Map Leipzig is one of the three Regierungsbezirke of Saxony, Germany, located in the north-west of the country.
Kreise
(districts)Kreisfreie Städte
(district-free towns)
- Delitzsch
- Döbeln
- Leipziger Land
- Muldentalkreis
- Torgau-Oschatz
- Leipzig
External links
Official websiteSource: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Leipzig (region)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra is a German orchestra based in Leipzig. It is named after the concert hall in which it is based, the Gewandhaus ("Cloth House").Concerts in Leipzig date back to the early 18th century. They were first held in a private dwelling, and then an inn, before the orchestra moved to the Gewandhaus in 1781. In the early 19th century, Felix Mendelssohn was the kapellmeister. In 1885, the orchestra moved into a new hall, where it has remained to the present day.
Later principal conductorss included Arthur Nikisch, Wilhelm Furtwängler, Bruno Walter, Vaclav Neumann, and from 1970 to 1996 Kurt Masur. In 1998, Herbert Blomstedt took over the post.
External link
- Home page
- another Home page
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The University of Leipzig is one of the oldest universities in Europe. It was founded in the early 15th century and was originally comprised of four faculties. Today it has grown to 14 faculties and with over 25.000 students Leipzig hosts Saxony's second largest university. Since its inception the university enjoyed almost 600 years of uninterrupted teaching and research. There are now more than 150 institutes and the university offers 190 study programs leading to a diplomas, Master's degrees and teaching qualifications. Arguably, the Faculty of Medicine is the university's most renowned faculty. It was founded in 1415.
History
The 'Alma mater Lipsiensis' opened on 2 December 1409 after it had been officially endorsed by Pope Alexander V in his Bull of Acknowledgment on 9 September 1409. Its first rector was Johann von Münsterberg.
Faculties
The original four facilities were the Faculty of Arts, Theology, Medicine, and Law. Today, the university comprises the following 14 faculties.
- Faculty of Theology
- Faculty of Law
- Faculty of History, Art and Oriental Studies
- Faculty of Philology
- Faculty of Education
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Philosophy
- Faculty of Economics and Management (incl. Civil Engineering)
- Faculty of Sports Science
- Faculty of Medicine (and a University Hospital)
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science
- Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
People Associated With The University of Leipzig
The University of Leipzig in the past has attracted a number of renowned scholars. Among the great minds that shaped the profile of the university are:The following illustrious students have spent their earlier years at Leipzig.
- Greek scholar Petrus Mosellanus
- economist Wilhem Roscher
- chemist Wilhelm Ostwald
- historian Karl Lamprecht
- economist Karl Bücher
- physicist Gustav Ludwig Hertz
- educationalist Theodor Litt
- germanist Theodor Frings
- romanist Werner Krauss
- philosopher Christian Thomasius
- philologist Johann Christoph Gottsched
- theologian and poet Christian Fürchtegott Gellert
- psychologist Wilhelm Wundt
- neurologist Paul Flechsig
- physicist Werner Heisenberg
- Georg Agricola
- Ulrich von Hutten
- Thomas Müntzer
- Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe
- Robert Schumann
- Richard Wagner
- Friedrich Nietzsche
- Erich Kästner
- Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker
References
External links
- Official website
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "University of Leipzig."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| LEJ | English | Leipzig | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Crosswords: Leipzig |
| English words defined with "Leipzig": Weimar. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Leipzig" is also a word in the following language with the English translation in parentheses. German (Leipzig). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Movie/TV Titles | Tatort - Taxi nach Leipzig (1970) SOKO Leipzig (2001) Tatort - Quartett in Leipzig (2000) Leipzig im Herbst (1989) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
| ||
Music |
| ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Possibly the earliest 3-D image of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. This model was made from observations on board the German research vessel METEOR between 1925 and 1927. The model resided in the German Museum of the Sea in Berlin prior to the Second World War. In: Bessmertny, Alexander, 1932. "Das Atlantis Ratsel," plate 7, p. 72. Leipzig, R. Voightlander, Publisher. 572.4 B559a. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |  | Figure 23. Kohler thermometers. These instruments were constructed by Fritz Kohler, who worked notably for the Wilhelm Ostwald Institute at Leipzig. He fabricated these models more or less following the design of Richter's thermometer. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |
 | Johann Bohn. : Professor zu Leipzig. / [Wetermayer sc.]. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |  | Dr. Carl Gottlob Franz / G. Schlick, Leipiz. Verlag von Ludwig Schumann, Leipzig. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |
 | Victims of mass burning of 250 Polish and French slave laborers at Nazi camp near Leipzig on April 19, 1945. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Carl Goerdeler seated next to Adolf Hitler at concert, on Hitler's visit to the Leipzig Gewandhaus for a concert commemorating the 50th anniversary of the death of Richard Wagner] / Hofphotograph, G. Hoenisch, Leipzig. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Preussen. Spreewald / lith. Anst. v J.G. Bach, Leipzig. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Gaufest ... 1935 ... Leipzig / Bornig. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | 1st-8th September 1957, Leipzig Trade Fair, sample fair. Credit: Library of Congress. | ||
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |
| "Court in Leipzig" by Skitt Commentary: "Court in Leipzig at night ." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | All sentences passed since November 11, 1918, by the Court of the Empire at Leipzig on appeals against the decisions of the Courts of Alsace-Lorraine shall be regarded as null and void and shall be so pronounced. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Economic History | Belgium | Other energy trading exchanges have been created in Frankfurt, Leipzig, and Stockholm. (references) |
Germany | The U.S. Embassy in Germany is located at Neustaedtische Kirchstrasse 4-5, 10117 Berlin, Tel: (030) 238-5174. Consulates general are in Frankfurt, Hamburg, Munich, Leipzig, and Dusseldorf. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Leipzig" is generally used as a noun (proper) -- approximately 98.32% of the time. "Leipzig" is used about 179 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (proper) | 98.32% | 176 | 23,410 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 1.12% | 2 | 245,945 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 0.56% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 179 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expression using "Leipzig": New Leipzig. Additional references. | |
| Hypenated Usage | |
Ending with "Leipzig": Berlin-to-leipzig, Heathrow-leipzig. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "Leipzig"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Chinese | 莱比锡. (various references) | |
German | Leipzig. (various references) | |
Greek | Λειψία. (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | ライフル銃 (librarian, library, life-work, lilac, lime, limelight, live, live house, live recording, live show, rhyme, ribosome, rifle). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ライプツィヒ . (various references) | |
Korean | 라이프찌히. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | eipziglay.(various references) | |
Russian | лейпциг (leyptsig). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | lajpcig. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Misspellings | |
"Leipzig" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Elazig, Leibig, Leipzigers, liepzig. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "e-g-i-i-l-p-z" | |
-2 letters: pilei. | |
-3 letters: lipe, pile, pili, plie. | |
-4 letters: gel, gie, gip, leg, lei, lez, lie, lip, peg, pie, pig, zig, zip. | |
-5 letters: el, li, pe, pi. | |
| Words containing the letters "e-g-i-i-l-p-z" | |
+3 letters: penalizing, plagiarize, polemizing. | |
+4 letters: palletizing, pelletizing, plagiarized, plagiarizer, plagiarizes, pulverizing. | |
+5 letters: appetizingly, depolarizing, epithelizing, plagiarizers, polemicizing, polymerizing, repolarizing, specializing. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Modern 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Slideshow 6. Images: Photo Album 7. Images: Digital Art 8. Quotations: Historic | 9. Quotations: Non-fiction 10. Usage Frequency 11. Expressions 12. Expressions: Internet | 13. Translations: Modern 14. Abbreviations 15. Acronyms 16. Derivations | 17. Anagrams 18. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
