Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Leiden |
LeidenNoun1. A city in the western Netherlands; residence of the Pilgrim Fathers for 11 years before they sailed for America in 1620. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "Leiden" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1900. (references) |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Leiden (also Leyden in English) is a city and municipality in South Holland, The Netherlands. It forms one urban area with Oegstgeest, Leiderdorp and Voorschoten. It is located on the Old Rhine, 24 kilometers or 15 miles S.S.W. of Haarlem.
Population: 117,000.
Miscellanious
The mayor is Henri Lenferink (since 2003).
Wireless Leiden is a wireless community network, see that article.
For a time Leiden held the title "The Coldest Place on Earth": in a laboratory, because of the developments in cryogenics that have happened there. At least in year 2000 the coldest place (some 100 pK) was in the Helsinki University of Technology located in Espoo, Finland.
The Leyden jar, a capacitor made from a glass jar, was invented here by Pieter van Musschenbroek in 1746. It was actually first invented by Ewald Georg von Kleist the year before, but the name "Leyden jar" stuck.
There are plans for a mega movie theater and disco (see nightclub) next to the bus station.
Public transport
See External links.
History
The population of Leiden which, it is estimated, reached 100,000 in 1640, had sunk to 30,000 between 1796 and 1811, and in 1904 was 56,044.
The two branches of the Rhine which enter Leiden on the east unite in the centre of the town, which is further intersected by numerous small and sombre canals, with tree-bordered quays and old houses. On the south side of the town pleasant gardens extend along the old Singel, or outer canal, and there is a large open space, the Van der Werf Park, named after the burgomaster, Pieter Andriaanszoon van der Werf, who defended the town against the Spaniards in 1574. This open space was formed by the accidental explosion of a powdership in 1807, hundreds of houses being demolished, including that of the Elzevir family of printers.
At the junction of the two arms of the Rhine stands the old castle (De Burcht), a circular tower built on an earthen mound. Its origin is unknown, but some connect it with Roman days and others with the Saxon Hengist.
Of Leiden's old gateways only two, both dating from the end of the 17th century, are standing.
Of the numerous churches the chief are the Hooglandsche Kerk, or the church of St Pancras, built in the 15th century and restored in 1885? 1902, containing the monument of Pieter Andriaanszoon van der Werf, and the Pieterskerk (1315) with monuments to Scaliger, Boerhaave and other famous scholars.
The most interesting buildings are the town hall (Stadhuis), a fine example of 16th century Dutch building (badly damaged by a fire in the 1920); the Gemeeislandshuis van Rynland (1596, restored 1878); the weight-house built by Pieter Post (16~8); the former court-house; and the ancient gymnasium (1599) and the so-called city timberhouse (Stads Timmerhuis) (1612), both built by Lieven de Key (c. 1560?1627).
Leiden remains essentially an academic city. The university of Leiden is a flourishing institution. It was founded by William of Orange in 1575 as a reward for the heroic defence of the previous year, the tradition being that the citizens were offered the choice between a university and a certain exemption from taxes.
Among the institutions connected with the university are the national institution for East Indian languages, ethnology and geography; the fine botanical gardens, founded in 1587; the observatory (1860); the natural history museum, with a very complete anatomical cabinet; the museum of antiquities (Rijksmuseum van Oudheden), with specially valuable Egyptian and Indian departments; a museum of Dutch antiquities from the earliest times; and three ethnographical museums, of which the nucleus was P. F. von Siebold's Japanese collections. The anatomical and pathological laboratories of the university are modern, and the museums of geology and mineralogy have been restored.
The municipal museum, founded in 1869 and located in the old cloth-hall (Laeckenhalle) (1640), contains a varied collection of antiquities connected with Leiden, as well as some paintings including works by the elder van Swanenbergh, Cornelius Engelbrechtszoon, Lucas van Leiden and Jan Steen, who were all natives of Leiden. Jan van Goyen, Gabriel Metsu, Gerard Dou and Rembrandt were also natives of this town. There is also a small collection of paintings in the Meermansburg.
The Thysian library occupies an old Renaissance building of the year 1655, and is especially rich in legal works and native chronicles. Noteworthy also are the collection of the Society of Dutch Literature (1766); the collections of casts and of engravings; the seamen's training school; the Remonstrant seminary, transferred hither from Amsterdam in 1873; the two hospitals (one of which is private); the house of correction; and the court-house.
Leiden is an ancient town, although it is not the Lugdunum Batavorum of the Romans. Its early name was Leithen, and it was governed until 1420 by burgraves, the representatives of the courts of Holland.
Yearly on October 3 the end of the siege by the Spaniards in 1574 is still celebrated. Besieged from May until October, it was relieved by the cutting of the dikes, thus enabling ships to carry provisions to the inhabitants of the flooded town.
The weaving establishments (mainly broadcloth) of Leiden at the close of the 15th century were very important, and after the expulsion of the Spaniards Leiden cloth, Leiden baize and Leiden camlet were familiar terms. These industries afterwards declined, and in the beginning of the 19th century the baize manufacture was altogether given up. Linen and woollen manufactures are now the most important industries, while there is a considerable transit trade in butter and cheese.
See also
- RijnGouweLijn
External links
- General
- Official site
- Basic data
- http://leiden.gemeentegids.nu/ Municipality guide (in Dutch)
- Districts and quarters
- Maps:
- http://www.plattegronden.nl/leiden/
- http://leiden.smartmap.nl/
- Train station Leiden Centraal (ledn): surroundings: [1], ground floor [1], first floor [1], tracks [1]
- Rail transport departure schedules:
- Connexxion Region West: [1]
- Bus stops and lines in Leiden: [1] (links to schedules by stop and line)
- Bus lines with schedules by line in the region [1]
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Leiden."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The University of Leiden in the city of Leiden, is the oldest still existing university in the Netherlands. It was founded in 1575 by Prince William of Orange, leader of the Dutch revolt in the Eighty Years' War, as a reward for the heroic defence of the previous year against Spanish attacks, the tradition being that the citizens were offered the choice between a university and a certain exemption from taxes.Originally located in the convent of St Barbara, the university was removed in 1581 to the convent of the White Nuns, the site of which it still occupies, though that building was destroyed in 1616.
The presence within half a century of the date of its foundation of such scholars as Justus Lipsius, Joseph Scaliger, Franciscus Gomarus, Hugo Grotius, Jacobus Arminius, Daniel Heinsius and Guardas Johannes Vossius, at once raised Leiden university to the highest European fame, a position which the learning and reputation of Jacobus Gronovius, Herman Boerhaave, Tiberius Hemsterhuis and David Ruhnken, among others, enabled it to maintain down to the end of the 18th century.
The portraits of many famous professors since the earliest days hang in the university aula, one of the most memorable places, as Niebuhr called it, in the history of science. The university library contains upwards of 190,000 volumes and 6000 manuscripts and pamphlet portfolios, and is very rich in Oriental and Greek manuscripts and old Dutch travels.
Among the institutions connected with the university are the national institution for East Indian languages, ethnology and geography; the fine botanical gardens, founded in 1587; the observatory (1860); the natural history museum, with a very complete anatomical cabinet; the museum of antiquities (Museum van Oudheden), with specially valuable Egyptian and Indian departments; a museum of Dutch antiquities from the earliest times; and three ethnographical museums, of which the nucleus was P. F. von Siebold's Japanese collections. The anatomical and pathological laboratories of the university are modern, and the museums of geology and mineralogy have been restored.
External links
- Homepage of Leiden University (in English)
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "University of Leiden."
Synonym: LeidenSynonym: Leyden (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Will | Phrase: stet pro ratione voluntas; sic volo sic jubeo; a vostro beneplacito; beneficium accipere libertatem est vendere; Deus vult; was man nicht kann meiden muss man willig leiden. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Leiden |
| Specialty definitions using "Leiden": Activated Protein C Resistance ♦ human movement sciences ♦ movement science. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Leiden" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Afrikaan (Leiden, Leyden), Dutch (conduct, direct, guide, head, lead, Leiden, Leyden), German (abide, affliction, ailment, bear, complaint, distress, endure, illness, Leyden, malady, permit, put up with, sorrow, stand, suffer, suffering, to suffer, tolerate, tribulation, trouble, woes). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Movie/TV Titles | Die Innere Mission in den Nöten und Leiden des Alltags (1927) Vom unsichtbaren Königreich - Die innere Mission in den Nöten und Leiden des Alltags (1925) Schimanski muß leiden (2000) Leben und Leiden des unglückseligen Kapellmeisters Herr von KA (1989) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
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Music |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Immunologists discussing a case at the University Hospital of Leiden (Netherlands). / WHO p. Credit: National Library of Medicine; photo by E. Schwab.. |  | [A visit to Professor Einthoven, Leiden, June 18, 1920] / P. Credit: National Library of Medicine; photo by William R. Miles.. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Minorities | Netherlands | Each year the University of Leiden, in collaboration with the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Anne Frank Foundation, investigates the extent of rightwing and racist violence against minorities. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Leiden" is generally used as a noun (proper) -- approximately 90.91% of the time. "Leiden" is used about 11 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (proper) | 90.91% | 10 | 111,207 |
| Noun (singular) | 9.09% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 11 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "Leiden": leiden jar ♦ was man nicht kann meiden muss man willig leiden. Additional references. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "Leiden"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | Leiden (Leyden). (various references) | |
Chinese | 莱顿 (Leyden). (various references) | |
Dutch | Leiden (conduct, direct, guide, head, lead, Leyden). (various references) | |
French | Leyde (Leyden). (various references) | |
German | Leidener Institut fuer Fernunterricht (Leiden Correspondence School), Zentrales Rechenzentrum (Leiden University Computing Centre), Universität Leiden (Leiden University), Rembrandt und Lievens in Leiden,Ein junges und edler Mahlerduo (A pair of young and noble painters, Rembrandt and Lievens in Leiden), Reichsuniversität Leiden (Leiden University), Europainstitut der staatlichen Universitaet Leiden (Europe Institute University of Leiden). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | eidenlay.(various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Mark Chapter 14, Verse 46 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Oi de epebalon ep auton taV ceiraV autwn kai ekrathsan auton |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | At illi manus iniecerunt in eum et tenuerunt eum |
| Old English | 990 | West Saxon | & hyo heore hande on hine wurpen& namen hine. |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | And thei leiden hondis on hym, and helden hym. |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | And they layde their hondes on him and toke him. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | And they laid their hands on him, and took him. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | And they laid their hands on him, and took him. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | And they put their hands on him, and took him. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Mark Chapter 14, Verse 46 |
| Cebuano | Ug siya ilang gigunitan ug gidakop. |
| Chinese | 他 們 就 下 手 拿 住 他 。 |
| Croatian | Oni podignu na nj ruke i uhvate ga. |
| Danish | Men de lagde Hånd på ham og grebe ham. |
| Dutch | En zij sloegen hun handen aan Hem, en grepen Hem. |
| Finnish | Silloin he kävivät häneen käsiksi ja ottivat hänet kiinni. |
| French | Alors ces gens mirent la main sur Jésus, et le saisirent. |
| Gaelic | Agus chuir iadsan an lamhan air, agus chum iad e. |
| German | Die aber legten ihre Hände an ihn und griffen ihn. |
| Haitian Creole | Menm lè a, moun yo mete men sou Jezi, yo arete li. |
| Hungarian | Azok pedig ráveték kezeiket, és megfogák õt. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Lalu orang-orang yang datang bersama-sama dengan Yudas itu menangkap Yesus dan membelenggu Dia. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Lalu mereka itu pun mendatangkan tangannya ke atas Yesus, serta menangkap Dia. |
| Italian | Essi gli misero addosso le mani e lo arrestarono. |
| Korean | 희 가 예 수 께 손 을 대 어 잡 거 늘 |
| Maori | Na ka mau o ratou ringa ki a ia, a hopukina ana ia. |
| Norwegian | Men de la hånd på ham og grep ham. |
| Portuguese | Ao que eles lhes lançaram as mãos, e o prenderam. |
| Rumanian | Atunci oamenii aceia au pus mkna pe Isus, wi L-au prins. |
| Russian | б ПОЙ ЧПЪМПЦЙМЙ ОБ оЕЗП ТХЛЙ УЧПЙ Й ЧЪСМЙ еЗП. |
| Shuar | Túramtai aencha Jesusan achikiar emetawarmiayi. |
| Spanish | Entonces ellos le echaron mano y le prendieron; |
| Swahili | Basi, hao watu wakamkamata Yesu, wakamtia nguvuni. |
| Swedish | Då grepo de Jesus och togo honom fången. |
| Uma | Katumai-rami tauna to wori' mpohoko' Yesus. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "d-e-e-i-l-n" | |
-1 letter: diene, edile, elide, lined. | |
-2 letters: deil, dele, deli, dene, deni, diel, dine, eide, idle, lend, lied, lien, line, need, nide. | |
-3 letters: dee, del, den, die, din, eel, eld, end, led, lee, lei, lid, lie, lin, nee, nil. | |
-4 letters: de, ed, el, en, id, in, li, ne. | |
| Words containing the letters "d-e-e-i-l-n" | |
+1 letter: aliened, decline, delaine, deleing, eloined, enisled, ensiled, likened, linseed, livened, needily, redline, relined. | |
+2 letters: beelined, bleeding, dateline, deadline, declined, decliner, declines, delaines, deleting, deletion, demilune, deniable, denticle, dentiled, develing, dunelike, eloigned, endemial, enfilade, engilded, engirdle, enkindle, enlisted, entailed, entitled, entoiled, headline, idleness, inedible, inflexed, lesioned, licenced, licensed, lichened, lineated, linebred, lingered, linseeds, lippened, listened, mildened, needling, nickeled, nielloed, penciled, reclined, redlined, redlines, reedling, rekindle, relinked, renailed, rendible, seedling, selenide, sideline, silenced, sniveled, tinseled, underlie, unedible, unlevied, unveiled, vendible, wedeling. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Photo Album 7. Quotations: Non-fiction 8. Usage Frequency | 9. Expressions 10. Expressions: Internet 11. Translations: Modern 12. Bible Trace | 13. Anagrams 14. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
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